Version 1
: Received: 4 November 2024 / Approved: 4 November 2024 / Online: 5 November 2024 (11:22:16 CET)
How to cite:
Nayyef, H. R.; Naser, M. A.; AL-Laghawi, H. S.; Alhasany, A. R.; Noaem, A. H.; Sawicka, B. Effects of Dripper Type and Irrigation Water Quality on Soil Bulk Density and Maize Growth and Yield. Preprints2024, 2024110238. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0238.v1
Nayyef, H. R.; Naser, M. A.; AL-Laghawi, H. S.; Alhasany, A. R.; Noaem, A. H.; Sawicka, B. Effects of Dripper Type and Irrigation Water Quality on Soil Bulk Density and Maize Growth and Yield. Preprints 2024, 2024110238. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0238.v1
Nayyef, H. R.; Naser, M. A.; AL-Laghawi, H. S.; Alhasany, A. R.; Noaem, A. H.; Sawicka, B. Effects of Dripper Type and Irrigation Water Quality on Soil Bulk Density and Maize Growth and Yield. Preprints2024, 2024110238. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0238.v1
APA Style
Nayyef, H. R., Naser, M. A., AL-Laghawi, H. S., Alhasany, A. R., Noaem, A. H., & Sawicka, B. (2024). Effects of Dripper Type and Irrigation Water Quality on Soil Bulk Density and Maize Growth and Yield. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0238.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Nayyef, H. R., Ali H. Noaem and Barbara Sawicka. 2024 "Effects of Dripper Type and Irrigation Water Quality on Soil Bulk Density and Maize Growth and Yield" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0238.v1
Abstract
Rationalization of irrigation water, as global warming, has negatively affected the availability of irrigation water. The field experiment was conducted for the purpose of studying the effect of the type of dripper and the salinity of irrigation water rotation on the bulk density and maize growth and yield using two types of drippers (turbo and spiral) and two levels of irrigation water with different salinity ratios (low, symbolized by L) and (high and symbolized by H). Irrigation water was added in three rotations (L, H), (H, L, H), and (L, H, L). The results showed an increase in bulk density values, giving the highest value for the spiral type compared to the turbo type. Our results indicated that water quality had a significant effect on soil bulk density values, with the highest bulk density values reaching for the (L, H), (H, L, H), (L, H, L), respectively. The results showed an increase in plant height, leaf area, and yield when using the (L, H, L), compared to (L, H) and (H, L, H), respectively. This study demonstrated the possibility of using high-salinity water, which is available in southern Iraq in rotation with fresh water to irrigate the maize crop.
Keywords
irrigation water salinity; bulk density; plant height; electrical conductivity
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Agricultural Science and Agronomy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
