Version 1
: Received: 6 November 2024 / Approved: 7 November 2024 / Online: 8 November 2024 (16:27:42 CET)
How to cite:
Rykova, E. Y.; Klimontov, V. V.; Shmakova, E. O.; Korbut, A. I.; Merkulova, T. I.; Kzhyshkowska, J. Nonglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Inflammation and Macrophages. Preprints2024, 2024110540. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0540.v1
Rykova, E. Y.; Klimontov, V. V.; Shmakova, E. O.; Korbut, A. I.; Merkulova, T. I.; Kzhyshkowska, J. Nonglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Inflammation and Macrophages. Preprints 2024, 2024110540. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0540.v1
Rykova, E. Y.; Klimontov, V. V.; Shmakova, E. O.; Korbut, A. I.; Merkulova, T. I.; Kzhyshkowska, J. Nonglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Inflammation and Macrophages. Preprints2024, 2024110540. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0540.v1
APA Style
Rykova, E. Y., Klimontov, V. V., Shmakova, E. O., Korbut, A. I., Merkulova, T. I., & Kzhyshkowska, J. (2024). Nonglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Inflammation and Macrophages. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0540.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Rykova, E. Y., Tatyana I Merkulova and Julia Kzhyshkowska. 2024 "Nonglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Inflammation and Macrophages" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0540.v1
Abstract
A growing body of evidences indicates that nonglycemic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors play an important role in the protective effects of these drugs in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory potential of SGLT2 inhibitors has been actively studied. This review summarizes results of clinical and experimental studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a special focus on their effects on macrophages, key drivers of metabolic inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors reduces levels of inflammatory mediators. In diabetic and non-diabetic animal models, SGLT2 inhibitors control low-grade inflammation by suppressing inflammatory activation of tissue macrophages, recruitment of monocytes from the bloodstream, and macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype. The molecular mechanisms of the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on macrophages include an attenuation of inflammasome activity and inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway, as well as modulation of other signaling pathways (AMPK, PI3K/Akt, ERK 1/2-MAPK, and JAKs/STAT). The review discusses the state-of-the-art concepts and prospects of further investigations that are needed to get a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the molecular, cellular and physiological levels.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
