This review delves into the production of sustainable aviation fuels derived from biomass and residual wastes through pyrolysis. The article addresses the challenges associated with the pyrolysis of wastes and provides an overview of both conventional and emerging pyrolysis technologies. The diverse forms of biomass and its significant economic benefits on a global scale. The underlying reason for it is the establishment of widely acknowledged renewable and sustainable energy sources. Approximately half of the global population relies on biomass as their primary energy source. Generating energy, heat, and electricity is a highly important source. The minimal levels of environmental pollution have facilitated the utilization of biomass as a sustainable energy source in recent technological advancements. Three types of biomass energy are biogas, bio-liquid, and bio-solid. In the domains of transportation and energy, it can serve as a substitute for fossil fuels. The primary focus of this study is to examine the data, explore the potential of biomass, and analyze the mechanisms of pyrolysis carried out using various processes, technologies (such as pyrolysis speed and temperature), and different types of reactors to produce bio-oil. This text also examines the current state and forthcoming obstacles of the pyrolysis process. In addition to the diverse array of pyrolysis byproducts. Based on this research, it can be inferred that the characteristics of pyrolysis products are influenced by the diversity of the materials utilized. Furthermore, pyrolysis products, such as bio-oil, have the potential to make a lucrative contribution to the expanding economy. To overcome future problems, further exploration is ultimately necessary. The primary factors of significance in pyrolysis technology are government subsidies and scientific advancements. The discussion emphasizes the significant barriers posed by the energy efficiency and capital costs involved in converting biomass and residual wastes into aviation fuels, hindering widespread adoption. To meet the aviation industry's greenhouse gas reduction targets by 2050, there is a pressing need for further advancements in technology development, highlighting the critical role of advanced technologies in overcoming these barriers.