Water Infrastructure (WI) incorporating water supply, wastewater, and stormwater systems is vulnerable to Climate Change (CC) impacts that can disrupt their functionality; thus, WI needs to be adapted to CC. In 2021 the European Commission (EC) released the technical guidelines on “Climate-proofing Infrastructure” that include mitigation and adaptation strategies; these guidelines and the relevant guides that followed, focus mainly on CC aspects without examining sufficiently the engineering features of WI that are described mainly in the relevant hydro-environment research; this research is vast and includes various terminologies and methods for all aspects of CC adaptation. The adaptation procedure of WI to CC can be significantly improved when this research is known to guidelines’ developers. To facilitate this knowledge transfer, we performed a review on the hydro-environmental research that we present in this paper as follows: firstly, we introduce and typologize the climate hazards for WI systems and identify the most important of them in the Mediterranean Region that we classify into seven groups; then, we classify the hydro-environmental research into five categories that is based on the EC guidelines, present the main aspects for each of these categories, discuss the future research, and finally we summarize the conclusions.