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Effect of the Land Form on the Structure of Avian Communities in Urbanized Landscape in an Oceanic Island

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Submitted:

10 December 2024

Posted:

10 December 2024

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Abstract
Small, isolated oceanic islands, exemplified by the Azores Archipelago, are especially vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions and human impact. The structure and dynamics of avian communities associated with various land form in an urbanized landscape in one of the nine islands of the Azores Archipelago were subjects of this study. Studies were conducted in the second half of April 2024. The line transect method (43 transects with a total of 37.4 km) has been employed to count all bird species breeding in the study area. The number of breeding species was much higher in green land (n=20) than in built-up lands (n=10-14 species). The number of breeding species were also different in particular subcategories of the built-up lands ranging from 8 to 12, being the lowest in the oldest most densely built-up lands. The number of dominant species (n=5-9), cumulative dominance (>85%) and dominance index were relatively high. Both cumulative dominance and dominance index were much higher in built-up urbanized lands than in green urbanized lands. Two main feeding guilds were distinguished in the study area: granivores and insectivores. The former guild clearly dominated over the later one in all major land categories distinguished. Clearly the proportion of granivores increased with the urbanization. A general trend is recorded: the higher the level of urbanization, the lower the percentage of green land forms, and in consequence, the lower the number of bird species and diversity indices, but the higher the cumulative dominance and dominance index. The overall density of birds remain, however, distinctively similar.
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Subject: Biology and Life Sciences  -   Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
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