Cannabidiol (CBD), isolated from the Cannabis plant, has been gaining increased attention in recreational purposes but has been less explored for applications in dentistry. CBD has shown to be effective against many strains of oral bacteria. Bacteria-associated denture infections is a recurring disease affecting most denture wearers. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) remains the main material employed in the fabrication of dentures due to its desirable physical, mechanical, and aesthetic properties. However, the improvement of its antimicrobial properties remains a challenge. To address this need, we have developed a denture surface synthesized from PMMA loaded with CBD nanoparticles for bactericidal effects. The antimicrobial agent CBD was purified, and then synthesized into denture coatings by UV curing and the curing time being investigated. The coatings were characterized by 1H NMR, SEM and FTIR spectroscopies. The antimicrobial activity of the CBD was evaluated before synthesizing it into the PMMA material on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and S. agalactiae. Anti biofilm studies were conducted against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and S. agalactiae biofilms. Dissolution and leaching studies of the synthesized coatings were conducted to determine the release pattern of CBD molecules from the coatings. The results showed that CBD exhibited a significant bactericidal effect on gram positive bacteria with the MIC value of 2- 2.5 µg/mL and MBC of 10- 20 µg/mL but remained was ineffective on planktonic gram -negative bacteria. The results for biofilms studies showed a significant reduction in the biofilm formation in the CBD added coatings as compared to only PMMA coatings. The PMMA/CBD coatings significantly reduced 99 % of biofilm growth not only in gram-positive but also in gram-negative as well. The coated MMA/CBD surface has antifouling properties which targets adhesin proteins and blocked biofilm formation. The CBD molecule leached out to the bacteria and disrupted bacterial cytoplasmic cell walls causing cell lysis. The effectiveness of such antimicrobial agents in coatings relies on the drug dissolving in the fluids prior to absorption into the systemic circulation. The rate of dissolution of the CBD from the coating is crucial and the experimental results show excellent release of CBD molecules in vitro. This study showed that CBD can be incorporated into denture materials, enabling antibiotic-free dentures for preventing dental biofilms and reducing dental plaques.
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Subject: Chemistry and Materials Science - Materials Science and Technology
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