The global industries are gradually moving towards the development of low-carbon, however, construction industry has significant energy consumption and carbon emissions. To making the promotion of industrialized construction with low-carbon and energy-efficient, prefabricated buildings are one of important ways to achieve environmental sustainability. This study first investigated the development and status of prefabricated concrete component factories in Fujian Province about regional distribution and production conditions and collecting data of carbon emissions, time and costs to create a multi-objective optimization model for intelligent and collaborative production. All while keeping costs as low as possible, using ant colony algorithms meets low-carbon and promotes sustainable development of prefabricated buildings. With the number of iterations, the overall cost shows a downward during the optimization process. According to optimization modes, the result of slabs indicates the minimum production cost (5.7023 million with carbon emissions 1154.85 tons), and a cost difference of 10000 can result in a maximum carbon emissions difference of 50 tons while minimizing costs to be the primary goal. Compared with general production, the optimization of collaborative production reduces both costs and carbon emissions. Meanwhile, focused on normal and rush mod, the cost reduced more than 20% can be down to 50% on carbon emissions. Therefore, effectively reducing carbon emissions in the component production will contribute to the sustainability of the construction industry.