This study investigates the incidence of prematurity and its impact on maternal and neonatal health at Maternity Hospital, Ouargla, in 2021. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the research explores global and regional trends in prematurity, focusing on challenges and opportunities within Algeria and the broader African context. The analysis includes maternal health indicators and fetal biomarkers to identify risk factors and enable early predictive measures. Key findings discuss the physical characteristics of preterm infants, organ immaturity complications, and long-term outcomes for both mothers and newborns. Additionally, the study considers cultural and societal influences on the perception and management of prematurity and highlights advancements in prenatal and neonatal care, including early detection tools and neonatal resuscitation techniques. Emphasizing family-centered care and the transition to home-based support, the research reviews cutting-edge treatments such as pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, stem cell therapies, and respiratory support advancements. Socioeconomic and environmental impacts on prematurity rates are also assessed, underscoring the importance of maternal education and social support networks. The study concludes with evidence-based recommendations for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes and reduce prematurity rates.
