(1) Background: Food and Feed Safety Legislation does not concern all the mycotoxins generated by Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. Certain mycotoxins, including cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), penicillic acid (PA), roquefortine C (ROQ C), mycophenolic acid (MPA), and gliotoxin regarded as having lower toxicity levels, hence not included in food and feed legislation; (2) Methods: Presence of these substances in maize and wheat grown in Albania across two consecutive harvesting seasons was investigated by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); (3) Results: The findings indicated the presence of these mycotoxins in maize grain but not in wheat grain. In the 2014 season, they exhibited a higher contamination incidence than the 2015 season. The most commonly detected Mycotoxin was MPA, followed by CPA and ROC toxin, while Penicillium acid and gliotoxin were detected. The MPA revealed a concentration range of 72.92–3447.25 μg/kg, with a mean value of 1063.89 μg/kg. Mycophenolic acid was detected in the maize samples collected during the 2015 season. (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that focusing the investigation only on 'controlled' mycotoxins will not produce a proper risk assessment and may not adequately address the possible harmful impacts of mycotoxins on human and animal health due to mycotoxins co-occurrence.

In Belgium, silages are often infected by Penicillium roqueforti sensu lato (s.l.). These toxigenic fungi are well adapted to silage conditions, and their prevention during feed-out is difficult. Bacillus velezensis strain NRRL B-23189 has been reported to inhibit P. roqueforti s.s. conidiospore germination in vitro by the production of lipopeptides. In the present study, the antagonistic effect of this B. velezensis strain towards P. roqueforti s.l. was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, corn silage conditions were simulated, and the impact of B. velezensis culture supernatant or cell suspension on P. roqueforti s.l. growth, conidiospore germination and survival and roquefortine C production was evaluated. The antagonism was promising, but growth of B. velezensis in corn silage infusion was poor. An in vivo experiment with microsilos containing a mixture of perennial ryegrass and white clover artificially contaminated with P. roqueforti s.l. was carried out to determine if B. velezensis cell suspension could be used as an antagonistic silage inoculant. The B. velezensis cell suspension applied was unsuccessful in reducing P. roqueforti s.l. numbers at desiling after 56 days compared to no additive application. However, feed-out of the silage was not simulated, so it remains elusive whether or not B. velezensis exerts antagonistic activity during this phase.