In this article, the diversity of mangrove and associate species with anticancer properties are reviewed. Information included their scientific names, synonyms, common names, families and life-forms. Their anticancer properties are documented with description on cancer cell types, effects and mechanisms. Mangroves are exclusive species confined to the mangrove habitat. Plants that occur in the coastal environment and also in mangroves are associates or non-exclusive species. In this article, species with anticancer properties are 25 mangrove species belonging to 17 genera and 11 families, and 31 associate species belonging to 28 genera and 20 families possess. Most reported mangrove species are Avicennia marina and Ceriops tagal with five and four studies, respectively. Associate species most reported are Talipariti tiliaceum or Hibiscus tiliaceus with five studies, followed by Anacardium occidentale, Artocarpus altilis, Ceriops manghas, Pluchea indica and Pongamia pinnata with four studies each. In the conservation of mangrove and associate species with anticancer properties, in in-situ conservation, species are protected in their natural surroundings as ecosystems (e.g., virgin jungle reserves and Ramsar sites) while in ex-situ conservation, species are protected outside their natural habitats (e.g., arboreta and botanical gardens).

In paired-associate vocabulary learning task, second language learners employ different cognitive strategies, associated with either elaborative or rote rehearsal, resulting in different recall performance. The current study investigated the role of intelligence, measured with Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices, in strategy effects on performance and eye movement parameters. The Keyword method, which is regarded as a more effective cognitive strategy in paired-associate task, was induced on a sample of 32 healthy participants with normal or corrected to normal vision. Effective cognitive strategy use, mentioned in a structured post-hoc report, was found to improve performance after strategy induction. Higher intelligence score was associated with higher recall performance in case the Keyword method was reported, but not in the cases when no rote rehearsal was reported. No effect of cognitive strategy use on eye movement measures after explicit cognitive strategy instruction was revealed, which is supposed to be connected with lack of self-sustained strategy use immediately after strategy instruction. The findings emphasize the role of intelligence in cognitive strategy instruction.

The role of Physician Assistant emerged in 1960s America and their number has increased to become a significant component of the health care workforce in that country. On the eve of a new policy regulating Physician Associates in the United Kingdom, the role of key actors in shaping the development of regulatory policies in the two countries is critically compared against a backdrop of very different political contexts and health care systems, to reveal the factors that might help or hinder the deployment of Physician Associates/Assistants and ameliorate workforce shortages.

The nursing home (NH) population becomes increasingly frail, suffering several chronic ill-nesses, high symptom severity, and short remaining lifespan after admission; all this requires skilled, well-organized professional care. Little is known about how NH managers influence the caring and learning environment (CLE) to ensure competencies in meeting NH patients’ needs. The aim of this study is to explore how NH managers influence the CLE to provide basic nursing education for students and apprentices, in order to improve it. This study applies a qualitative design, using multiple methods and focusing on NHs as a context involving complex adaptive systems and on basic nursing as a complex issue. NH managers express a constant struggle to keep workloads manageable, and NHs come across as exhausted organizations with little surplus. Both managers and staff look for ways to execute the work with as little effort as pos-sible and mainly stick to well-established routines. Not participating directly in either daily caring or placement learning, NH managers influence the CLE indirectly through taming and coping strategies, largely using taming strategies that lead to serious unintended outcomes. Coping strategies involve leading collaborative processes in holding environments that are feasible with their workload and roles as managers.