The field of interventional pulmonology has grown immensely and is increasingly recognized as a subspecialty. The new procedures introduced in the last decade pose unique challenges and the anesthesia providers need to readapt to their specific demands. In this review, we have discussed extensively the pathophysiology, technical aspects, preprocedural preparation, anesthetic management and postprocedural challenges of many new procedures such as navigational bronchoscopy, endobronchial valve deployment and bronchial thermoplasty. Majority of these procedures are performed under general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube. Total intravenous anesthesia with rocuronium as a muscle relaxant seems to the standard US practice. Easy availability and proven safety and efficacy of sugammadex as a reversal agent of rocuronium has decreased the need for high dose remifentanil as an agent to avoid muscle relaxants. Additional research is available with regards to the utility of nebulized lidocaine and is discussed. Finally, two newer drugs administered for conscious sedation (typically without the need of an anesthesia provider) are likely to gain popularity in the future. Remimazolam is a new short acting benzodiazepine with relatively faster offset of clinical effect. Dexmedetomidine, a selective adrenergic agonist, is increasingly employed in bronchoscopy as a sedative during bronchoscopic procedures.

By constructing a static map, the library robot can navigate and access documents autonomously, which greatly improves efficiency; however, for libraries where shelves can be moved, map changes do not allow for direct navigation, and also sensors such as radar and camera are relatively expensive, so we propose a low-cost navigation algorithm based on real-time ranging data and map matrices, and designed a mobile archive access robot. In order to obtain real-time distance data, nine near/long range sensors were mounted on the chassis and a composite digital filtering algorithm was designed based on different moving area characteristics; then the access task matrix and map matrix were designed based on the archive access task and the location characteristics of the archive shelf placement, the robot can rely on the range data to update the map matrix during the moving process, complete its own positioning, and use the task matrix The robot can use the task matrix to complete autonomous navigation and access to multiple files. Experiments show that the filtered positioning accuracy can reach 1cm, while the robot can move to the target shelf autonomously, which is more practical and less costly.