Background/Objectives: To examine the trend of treatment zone (TZ) decentration over 12 months of Orthokeratology (OK) wear using two corneal refractive therapy (CRT) lens designs: standard (STD) and dual axis (DA). Methods: A prospective, randomized, longitudinal study was conducted at the Optometry Clinic of the Complutense University of Madrid. Subjects were fitted with STD or DA designs in one of the eyes, randomly. Refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (VA) and corneal topography were performed at baseline, 1-night, 1-week, 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month of lens wear. Subjects requiring lens parameter adjustments or replacements after 3 months were excluded. Decentration was measured by subtracting pre-OK from post-OK tangential curvature maps at each visit, with decentration distance and corneal optical TZ measured using MATLAB. Correlations between decentration and visual acuity (VA) were also analyzed. Results: Thirty healthy children completed all the visits (17 female and 13 male) with a mean age of 12.83±2.42 years (range: 8–17 years). No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found either in the horizontal, vertical nor total decentration through the visits between lens designs. However, for STD design horizontal and total decentration increased significantly at the last visit (p<0.05). For DA design, no significant differences were found along time (p>0.05). No correlation was found between decentration and VA. Conclusions: Total decentration in both lens designs was similar throughout one year of follow-up. The standard design tended to decenter horizontally during the last 6 months, while the dual-axis design maintained consistent decentration throughout the year.

Growing incidence of myopia worldwide justifies the search for efficient methods of myopia prevention. Numerous pharmacological, optical, and lifestyle measures have already been utilized, but there remains a need to explore more practical and predictable methods for myopia control. This paper presents a review of the latest literature on preventing the progression of myopia using Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments Spectacle Lenses (DIMSsl), Repeated Low-level Red-Light Therapy (RLRL), and the combination of low-dose atropine (0.01%) with orthokeratology lenses.