Preprint
Article

Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement

This version is not peer-reviewed.

Submitted:

26 May 2019

Posted:

27 May 2019

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Abstract
In a vacuum tube, two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs surfaces, A and B, with a work function of 0.8eV, ceaselessly emit thermal electrons at room temperature. The thermal electrons are controlled by a static uniform magnetic field (a magnetic demon), and the number of electrons migrate from A to B exceeds the one from B to A, (or vice versa). The net migration from A to B quickly results in a charge distribution: A charged positively and B negatively. A potential difference between A and B emerges, and the tube outputs ceaselessly an electric current and a power to a resistance (a load) and cools itself slightly. The ambient air is a single heat reservoir in the experiment, and all the heat extracted by the tube from the air is converted into electric energy without producing other effect. We believe the experiment is in contradiction to the Kelvin statement of the second law.
Keywords: 
Subject: 
Physical Sciences  -   Thermodynamics
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
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