Role of Bio-Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture

For years chemical fertilizers are used to fulfill the soil requirement of nutrients and yield, but large amount of these chemical fertilizers are dangerous for environment, beneficial microbes, animals, and humans as well. Therefore, environmental friendly and cost effective biofertilizers are used. Biofertilizer are the substances which contain microorganisms those microorganisms may be fungi, bacteria, and protozoa which have ability to increase fertility of soil by Nitrogen fixation, Phosphorous solubilization, and Iron sequestration. These processes convert insoluble form of nutrients into soluble form and make it available to the roots of plant which easily take them up and utilize them. There are variety of the crops whose productivity can be increased by applying biofertilizer such as rice, oat, and other grain crops. In this review we go through the way of application of biofertilizers, and how the help the plants and in which they help.