The Planck Legacy recent release revealed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background, which confirms the early universe positive curvature with a confidence level exceeding 99%. Besides, the observed gravitational lensing within several galaxy clusters is higher than that estimated through the standard lambda cold dark matter model by an order of magnitude. While general relativity works perfectly well in the present universe where the spacetime is almost flat, it should be enhanced to account for the pre-existing universal curvature. This study presents new enhanced field equations utilising Einstein–Hilbert action. The enhanced field equations are reduced to Einstein field equations in a flat universe.
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Subject: Physical Sciences - Astronomy and Astrophysics
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