Version 1
: Received: 5 July 2022 / Approved: 7 July 2022 / Online: 7 July 2022 (09:23:27 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 14 July 2022 / Approved: 15 July 2022 / Online: 15 July 2022 (12:09:47 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 17 July 2022 / Approved: 18 July 2022 / Online: 18 July 2022 (10:23:23 CEST)
Version 4
: Received: 17 August 2022 / Approved: 19 August 2022 / Online: 19 August 2022 (04:35:00 CEST)
Version 5
: Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (16:14:30 CET)
Version 6
: Received: 15 December 2023 / Approved: 15 December 2023 / Online: 18 December 2023 (06:27:08 CET)
Version 7
: Received: 9 June 2024 / Approved: 10 June 2024 / Online: 11 June 2024 (08:51:38 CEST)
Version 8
: Received: 25 September 2024 / Approved: 26 September 2024 / Online: 26 September 2024 (09:52:37 CEST)
How to cite:
Ladhani, A. The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Spacetime. Preprints2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v8
Ladhani, A. The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Spacetime. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v8
Ladhani, A. The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Spacetime. Preprints2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v8
APA Style
Ladhani, A. (2024). The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Spacetime. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v8
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ladhani, A. 2024 "The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Spacetime" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v8
Abstract
In this paper, I present a possible explanation for accelerated expansion of the universe, and introduce the cosmic scale, size of the universe and cosmic time, age of the universe. The observed expansion of the universe, which relates the stretching of Shrunk space to the new theory, is derived. This model is based on the two principal long-range forces: the gravitational force and the repulsive force generated by shrunk space. They are the two most basic fundamental quantities in the universe that govern cosmic evolution. They may provide the clockwork mechanism that operates our eternal cyclic universe. This model of Space-time and its unique properties of shrinking and stretching enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch.
Keywords
Big Bang and Big Crunch; Cosmology; Dark Energy; Gravitational Force; The Cyclic Universe
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
