Today's concept of time traces back to Albert Einstein's theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). In SR, uniformly moving clocks are slow with respect to my clocks. In GR, clocks in a more curved spacetime are slow with respect to my clocks. Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue as it isn't compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: "Einstein time" (Einstein's concept of time) has an issue because it takes the proper time of an observer as the fourth coordinate of all objects in the universe. We claim that there is a unique 4D vector "flow of time" for each object. SR and GR work well as approximations, but only if we consider objects on and close to Earth, where that vector is nearly the same. "Euclidean time" is distance covered in Euclidean spacetime (ES) and divided by the speed of light. We replace Einstein time with Euclidean time, which takes the proper time of an object as its fourth coordinate. Unlike other models of Euclidean relativity (ER), we claim that reality is only formed by projecting ES to an observer's 3D space. We prove: The Lorentz factor is recovered in ER; acceleration relates to a 4D rotation; ER is compatible with quantum mechanics! We solve 13 mysteries, such as mc2, gravitational time dilation, the Hubble constant, wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement. We declare four concepts of today's physics (cosmic inflation, expansion of space, dark energy, non-locality) as redundant. We conclude: As ER outperforms SR and GR, Occam's razor knocks out Einstein time.
Keywords:
Subject: Physical Sciences - Quantum Science and Technology
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
Preprints.org is a free preprint server supported by MDPI in Basel, Switzerland.