Version 1
: Received: 13 February 2024 / Approved: 14 February 2024 / Online: 14 February 2024 (12:07:28 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 19 April 2024 / Approved: 22 April 2024 / Online: 23 April 2024 (17:50:04 CEST)
Tuna, R.; Yi, W.; Crespo Cruz, E.; Romero, J.; Ren, Y.; Guan, J.; Li, Y.; Deng, Y.; Bluestein, D.; Liu, Z.L.; Sheriff, J. Platelet Biorheology and Mechanobiology in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: Perspectives from Multiscale Computation. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 4800.
Tuna, R.; Yi, W.; Crespo Cruz, E.; Romero, J.; Ren, Y.; Guan, J.; Li, Y.; Deng, Y.; Bluestein, D.; Liu, Z.L.; Sheriff, J. Platelet Biorheology and Mechanobiology in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: Perspectives from Multiscale Computation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4800.
Tuna, R.; Yi, W.; Crespo Cruz, E.; Romero, J.; Ren, Y.; Guan, J.; Li, Y.; Deng, Y.; Bluestein, D.; Liu, Z.L.; Sheriff, J. Platelet Biorheology and Mechanobiology in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: Perspectives from Multiscale Computation. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 4800.
Tuna, R.; Yi, W.; Crespo Cruz, E.; Romero, J.; Ren, Y.; Guan, J.; Li, Y.; Deng, Y.; Bluestein, D.; Liu, Z.L.; Sheriff, J. Platelet Biorheology and Mechanobiology in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: Perspectives from Multiscale Computation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4800.
Abstract
Thrombosis is the pathological clot formation under abnormal hemodynamic conditions, which can result in vascular obstruction, causing ischemic strokes and myocardial infarction. Thrombus growth under moderate to low shear (10,000 s$^{-1}$) is predominantly driven by unactivated platelet binding and aggregating mediated by von Willebrand factor (VWF), while platelet activation and coagulation are secondary in supporting and reinforcing the thrombus. Given the molecular and cellular level information it can access, multiscale computational modelling informed by biology can provide new pathological mechanisms that are otherwise not accessible experimentally, holding promise for novel first principle based therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the key aspects of platelet mechanobiology, focusing on the molecular and cellular scale events and how they build up all the way to thrombosis through platelet adhesion and aggregation in the presence or absence of platelet activation. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in multiscale modelling of platelet biorheology and mechanobiology and their role in predicting thrombus formation. Recent applications of artificial intelligence in modelling platelet mechanobiology and thrombosis have also been briefly discussed.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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