Comparative Study on Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Batteries from Regional and Energy Perspective

Against the backdrop of the global goal of "carbon neutrality", the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) is of great significance in reducing the use of fossil fuels and vehicle emissions, and in promoting the transformation of the automotive industry into a green and low-carbon direction. The wide application of electric vehicles not only reduces the dependence on non-renewable resources such as oil, but also significantly reduces carbon emissions in the transport sector, thus making an important contribution to the global response to climate change. In electric vehicles, ternary lithium batteries (NCM) and lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP) are two widely used batteries. This paper investigates the resource and environmental impacts of 1KW ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries during the battery production process based on the Life Cycle Assessment model. The importance of clean energy in reducing environmental pollution and global warming potential is revealed by introducing four different power generation types and the regional power generation structure in China into the power battery production process. The results of the study show that lithium iron phosphate batteries batteries have a clear advantage in terms of environmental friendliness. While Nickel Cobalt Manganese batteries are more advantageous in terms of performance. Environmental pollution during battery production can be effectively reduced through the comprehensive use of clean energy and optimization of the production process. Specific measures include improving the energy efficiency of the production process, adopting renewable energy for power supply, and reducing the use of hazardous substances. Through these measures, the battery industry can develop in a greener and more sustainable direction.