Indonesia possesses significant biomass potential, including palm oil plantations. The palm oil industry has experienced rapid expansion, with a 7.67% growth rate over the past decade and an 11.09% annual increase in palm oil production. Co-firing (HT-FRD) is a beneficial technology for reducing exhaust gas emissions generated by coal-burning power stations. By utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the study has modeled and evaluated co-firing palm frond residue (HT-FRD) with hydrothermal treatment into a 315 MWe boiler. In the simulation, six different HT-FRD co-firing ratios: 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50% were used to demonstrate the differences in combustion characteristics and emissions in the combustion chamber. The data indicates that HT-FRD co-firing can enhance temperature distribution, velocity, and unburned particles. All in all, co-firing conditions with 5% - 15% HT-FRD ratios appear to have the most favorable combustion temperature, velocity, and exhaust gas characteristics.

The Tesla valve (TV), a valvular conduit invented by Nicola Tesla over a decade ago, has recently gained significant attention and application in various fields due to the growing interest in microfluidics and nanofluidics. The unique architecture of TV characterized by an asymmetrical design and an arc-shaped channel, has long been an intriguing yet underrated design for building a passive component in a microfluidic system. While previously regarded as a technology without significant use, TV structures have been implemented in wearable devices, thermal manipulation fluidics, micromixers, micropumps, and fuel cell devices. This article presents the first comprehensive review of TV structures in the literature, which has seen significant growth in the last two years. The review discusses typical TV structures, including single-stage TV (STV), multistage TV (MSTV), and TV derivatives (TVD), along with their characteristics and potential applications. The designs of these structures vary based on their intended applications, but all are constructed based on the fundamental principle of the TV structure. Finally, future trends and potential applications of TV structures are summarized and discussed. This review provides a valuable reference for students, early-career scientists, and practitioners in the field of fluidic devices, particularly those interested in using TV structures as passive components.

Clarifying hydrologic behavior, especially behavior related to extreme events such as flash floods, is vital for flood mitigation and management. However, discharge and rainfall measurement data are scarce, which is a major obstacle to flood mitigation. This study (i) simulated flash floods on a regional scale using three types of rainfall forcing implemented in a land surface model and (ii) evaluated and compared simulated flash floods with the observed discharge. The three types of rainfall forcing were those observed by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) (Simulation I), the observed rainfall from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation (MLIT) (Simulation II), and the estimated rainfall from the Multi-purpose Transport Satellite (MTSAT), which was downscaled by AMeDAS rainfall (Simulation III). MLIT rainfall observations have a denser station network over the Ishikari River basin (spacing of approximately 10 km) compared with AMeDAS (spacing of approximately 20 km), so they are expected to capture the rainfall spatial distribution more accurately. A land surface model, Minimal Advance Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO), was implemented for the flash flood simulation. The river flow simulations were run over the Ishikari river basin at a 1-km grid resolution and a 1-h temporal resolution during August 2010. The statistical performance of the river flow simulations demonstrated that Simulation I was reasonable compared with Simulation III. The findings also suggest that the advantage of the MTSAT-based estimated rainfall (i.e., good spatial distribution) can be coupled with the benefit of direct AMeDAS observations (i.e., representation of the true rainfall).

This paper presents a review of the electrical heating method for heavy oil recovery based on past, current, and future prospects of electrical heating. Heavy oil is one of the potential crude oil used as a link to reduce the crisis of light oil used today. The obstacle of heavy oil is a high viscosity and density in which thermal injection is a method for heavy oil recovery, but it results in economic and environmental issues. Electrical heating is one of the thermal methods by transferring heat into the reservoir. The basic process of electrical heating is to increase the mobility of the oil. Because the temperature rises, it can reduce oil viscosity and makes it easier for heavy oil to flow. The past and current developments have been carried out to fill up the gap of electrical heating projects. The future prospects must meet energy efficiency, and the excessive heat will damage formation that must be tackled in the future prospect. the works adopt several electrical heating projects and applications in the world where the works give a brief future prospect of electrical heating.