Aim: This study aims to analyze the structure of the co-authorship network in viral hepatitis research from 2000 to 2023 using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. The objective is to identify key researchers, evaluate the collaborative dynamics, and understand the evolution of scientific contributions in this field. Method: This study utilized network analysis techniques to evaluate 60,720 publications related to viral hepatitis research indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The co-authorship networks were assessed using macro-level indicators such as network density (the ratio of actual to possible connections), clustering coefficient (degree of node clustering), number of components (distinct connected subgroups), and average path length (average distance between nodes). Micro-level indicators including degree centrality (importance based on the number of connections), closeness centrality (proximity to other nodes), and betweenness centrality (frequency of a node on the shortest paths between others) were also analyzed.Result: The findings reveal that the viral hepatitis research network is characterized by low network density, indicating sparse overall collaboration. However, the clustering coefficient is high, suggesting strong collaborations within small, cohesive groups. Over the years, researchers such as Stefan Zeuzem, Maria Buti, and Fabien Zoulim have played pivotal roles, serving as central figures in the network. A noticeable increase in network density and clustering from 2020-2023 suggests growing collaboration in recent years.Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of international collaboration in advancing viral hepatitis research. Key researchers have emerged as influential contributors, facilitating global research activities. Network analysis provides valuable insight into the structure of these collaborations and helps identify potential areas for future research and partnerships to combat viral hepatitis globally. The results of this study should be used to reduce global healthcare disparities, promote research collaboration, and address viral hepatitis as a global public health problem.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the collaborative networks and identify key players in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) research from 2000 to 2023. Using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, I assess the structure and evolution of co-authorship networks to understand collaboration trends and influential researchers in the field.Method: I conducted a network analysis of co-authorship patterns in AIP research using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The analysis included macro-level indicators: network density, clustering coefficient, components, and average distance, as well as micro-level indicators: degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. These metrics were used to evaluate the connectivity, clustering, and key nodes within the network across three distinct periods: 2000-2009, 2010-2019, and 2020-2023.Result: The analysis revealed that the co-authorship network in AIP research evolved from a fragmented structure with limited collaboration in the early 2000s to a more interconnected but still dispersed network in recent years. Despite an increase in network density and a decrease in the number of disconnected components over time, the overall structure remains highly clustered, with many researchers operating within isolated groups. Key figures, such as Kazuichi Okazaki, Terumi Kamisawa, and Shigeyuki Kawa from Japan, consistently ranked high in centrality measures, highlighting their significant influence and leadership in the field. The findings suggest that while local collaborations are strong, broader international connections are still developing.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the collaborative landscape in AIP research, identifying central researchers and highlighting persistent fragmentation within the network. The prominent role of Japanese researchers in shaping the field underscores the importance of fostering greater international collaboration to bridge gaps between research clusters. Enhancing global partnerships could lead to more integrated and impactful research outcomes, ultimately advancing the understanding and management of autoimmune pancreatitis.

Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by dramatic changes in household food dynamics that can significantly influence health. This systematic literature review presents parental perspectives of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on food preparation and meal routines, as well as other food-related behaviors, capturing both favorable and unfavorable changes in the family food environment (FFE). Themes and trends are identified and associations with other lifestyle factors are assessed. In overall, families enjoyed more time together around food, including planning meals, cooking, and eating together. Eating more diverse foods and balanced meals was combined with overeating and increased snacking, as parents became more permissive towards food; however, food insecurity increased among families with the lowest income. Adoption of meal planning skills and online shopping behavior emerged alongside behaviors aimed at self-sufficiency, such as bulk purchasing and stockpiling. These results are an important first step in recognizing how this pandemic may be affecting the FFE, including low-income families. Future obesity prevention and treatment initiatives, but also ongoing efforts to address food management, parental feeding practices, and food insecurity, can account for these changes moving forward.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the structure of the co-authorship network in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) research from 2000 to 2023 using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. The objective is to identify key researchers, evaluate the collaborative dynamics, and understand the evolution of scientific contributions in this field. Method: This study utilized network analysis techniques to evaluate 2,877 publications related to BCS research indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The co-authorship networks were assessed using macro-level indicators such as network density (the ratio of actual to possible connections), clustering coefficient (degree of node clustering), number of components (distinct connected subgroups), and average path length (average distance between nodes). Micro-level indicators including degree centrality (importance based on the number of connections), closeness centrality (proximity to other nodes), and betweenness centrality (frequency of a node on the shortest paths between others) were also analyzed.Result: The results revealed a highly fragmented network structure in the early years (2000-2009), characterized by low network density (0.0017) and a large number of disconnected components (533). Key researchers such as Aurelie Plessier and Dominique Valla emerged as central figures in terms of degree and closeness centrality. In the 2010-2019 period, the network showed slight improvements, with density decreasing to 0.0016 but an increase in the number of components to 645, indicating persistent fragmentation. From 2020 to 2023, the network demonstrated increased cohesiveness with a density of 0.0032 and a reduction in components to 376. Influential researchers in the final period included Virginia Hernandez-Gea and Valerie Paradis, who played pivotal roles in connecting disparate research clusters.Conclusion: The co-authorship network analysis of BCS research over the past two decades highlights a gradual yet incomplete evolution towards greater collaboration and integration among researchers. While the network's cohesiveness has improved, significant fragmentation remains, suggesting that further efforts are needed to enhance global and interdisciplinary collaboration. Addressing these challenges is crucial for fostering a more connected and productive research community that can advance the understanding and management of BCS.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the evolution of co-author networks in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) research from 2000 to 2023, using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. The objective is to provide a structural overview of researcher collaborations in this specialized field, highlighting key contributors and the impact of international cooperation. Method: I conducted a co-author network analysis on 19,463 GERD -related articles indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. Using Python (Version 3.10.5) within the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3), I assessed macro-level indicators including network density, clustering coefficient, number of components, and average distance. Micro-level indicators such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality were also evaluated to understand the roles of individual researchers in the network.Result: The GERD co-authorship network exhibited a sparse structure with low network density, indicating limited realized collaborations compared to potential connections. The clustering coefficient was consistently high across the analyzed periods, suggesting that researchers frequently formed tight-knit groups. The network was fragmented into numerous components, with significant disconnection between groups. Degree centrality highlighted key researchers such as Dent, J., and Shaheen, N.J., who had extensive collaborative reach. In contrast, closeness and betweenness centrality identified strategic intermediaries like Bredenoord, A.J. and Kahrilas, P.J., who facilitated connections across otherwise isolated segments of the network.Conclusion: The co-authorship network analysis revealed a persistently fragmented landscape in GERD research, with considerable room for enhancing collaboration among researchers. Identifying key contributors and understanding their roles within the network can guide future efforts to foster more integrated and comprehensive research collaborations. This study underscores the importance of strategic networking and partnership development in advancing GERD research and optimizing the field's collaborative potential.

Aim: This study aims to explore the collaborative networks in Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) research, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. By conducting a co-authorship network analysis, I investigate the structure and dynamics of scientific collaboration, identifying key researchers, institutions, and trends in the field. This analysis provides insights into how research collaboration has evolved and highlights the influence of international cooperation on the development of SGLT2 research.Method: The data were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and included 6,999 publications on SGLT2 research. Using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3), I analyzed both macro and micro-level network indicators. Macro-level indicators included network density, clustering coefficient, components, and average distance, while micro-level indicators included degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. These metrics were used to assess the structure of the co-authorship network and identify key contributors.Result: The network analysis revealed significant changes in collaboration patterns over the study period. From 2000 to 2023, the network became more fragmented, with an increase in the number of research clusters and components. However, influential researchers, such as Zinman B. and Heerspink Hiddo J. L., consistently emerged as central figures in terms of both degree and closeness centrality. The analysis also highlighted the rise of international collaboration, particularly involving researchers from the United States, Europe, and Asia, with Japan playing a growing role in recent years.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SGLT2 research collaboration networks have evolved considerably over the last two decades. The identification of key researchers and institutions provides valuable insights into the field's development, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation in advancing SGLT2 research. These findings may guide future research strategies and promote further collaborative efforts.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the global collaboration network among researchers studying Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) from 2000 to 2023. Given the syndrome's increasing prevalence in aging populations, understanding the structure of research collaboration is crucial to advancing the field. This analysis explores co-authorship networks to identify key contributors, institutions, and trends in SSS research. Method: This study utilized network analysis techniques to evaluate 1,693 publications related to SSS research indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The co-authorship networks were assessed using macro-level indicators such as network density (the ratio of actual to possible connections), clustering coefficient (degree of node clustering), number of components (distinct connected subgroups), and average path length (average distance between nodes). Micro-level indicators including degree centrality (importance based on the number of connections), closeness centrality (proximity to other nodes), and betweenness centrality (frequency of a node on the shortest paths between others) were also analyzed.Result: The analysis revealed an overall increase in collaboration over time, with rising network density and stronger local clusters, although the network remained fragmented. Key researchers, including Boriani, Giuseppe (Italy), and Glikson, Michael (Australia), emerged as central figures, demonstrating high degrees of centrality in different periods. The results also highlight persistent regional and institutional collaboration patterns, reflecting the growing importance of global partnerships in addressing SSS.Conclusion: This comprehensive network analysis underscores the importance of international collaboration in advancing SSS research. Despite growing collaborative efforts, the field remains somewhat fragmented, suggesting further opportunities for integration. This research has enabled us to identify influential researchers and research institutions, and we will be able to promote research collaboration to further understand and improve treatment methods for SSS as a response to the aging of the world's population.

Aim: This study aims to explore the collaborative networks in Marfan Syndrome (MFS) research by analyzing co-authorship patterns from 2000 to 2023. The objective is to identify key researchers, trends in collaboration, and the extent of interdisciplinary cooperation within the global MFS research community. Understanding these dynamics will inform the future direction of research in this field, emphasizing the need for a more integrated, interdisciplinary approach. Method: This study utilized network analysis techniques to evaluate 6,657 publications related to MFS research indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The co-authorship networks were assessed using macro-level indicators such as network density (the ratio of actual to possible connections), clustering coefficient (degree of node clustering), number of components (distinct connected subgroups), and average path length (average distance between nodes). Micro-level indicators including degree centrality (importance based on the number of connections), closeness centrality (proximity to other nodes), and betweenness centrality (frequency of a node on the shortest paths between others) were also analyzed. Result: The network analysis revealed a persistent fragmentation within the MFS research community over the past two decades. While network density slightly increased from 0.0012 in the 2000–2009 period to 0.0016 in 2020–2023, the network remained disjointed with numerous disconnected components. Key contributors, such as Harry C. Dietz, Guillaume Jondeau, and Julie De Backer, demonstrated high centrality values, playing pivotal roles in shaping collaboration. The clustering coefficient remained high across all periods, indicating strong intra-group collaboration, yet underscoring the need for broader interdisciplinary partnerships.Conclusion: This study highlights the need for more integrated and cross-disciplinary collaboration in MFS research. Despite the significant contributions of central researchers, the overall fragmentation limits potential advancements. Fostering a more interconnected global network and encouraging interdisciplinary cooperation will be crucial to addressing the complex, multi-systemic nature of Marfan Syndrome and improving patient outcomes.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the collaborative structure of Intestinal Behçet’s Disease (IBD) research by examining co-authorship networks in publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection from 2000 to 2023. The goal is to identify key researchers, institutions, and collaboration patterns that have shaped the field over the past two decades. Method: This study utilized network analysis techniques to evaluate 484 publications related to IBD research indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The co-authorship networks were assessed using macro-level indicators such as network density (the ratio of actual to possible connections), clustering coefficient (degree of node clustering), number of components (distinct connected subgroups), and average path length (average distance between nodes). Micro-level indicators including degree centrality (importance based on the number of connections), closeness centrality (proximity to other nodes), and betweenness centrality (frequency of a node on the shortest paths between others) were also analyzed.Result: From 2000 to 2009, the co-authorship network was highly fragmented with a low network density of 0.0114 and 84 distinct components, indicating limited collaboration. Key contributors during this period included Kim, Won Ho, and Cheon, Jae Hee (South Korea), who played central roles in connecting disparate research clusters. In the following decade (2010-2019), network density decreased slightly to 0.0086, and the number of components increased to 113, reflecting continued fragmentation despite growing research output. However, from 2020 to 2023, network density increased to 0.0171, and the number of components decreased to 73, indicating a trend towards greater integration and collaboration. Notable researchers in this period included Emmi, Giacomo (Italy), and Hatemi, Gulen (Turkey), who emerged as central figures, highlighting a shift in research leadership from Asia to Europe..Conclusion: The co-authorship network analysis of IBD research reveals an evolving collaborative landscape with increasing network density and decreasing fragmentation over time, particularly in the most recent period. From 2000 to 2019, Japanese and Korean researchers were prominent contributors, highlighting the significance of Asia in the global research arena. However, since 2020, researchers from Italy and Turkey have gained significant international prominence, suggesting a shift in the research focus from Asia to Europe. This transition may be attributed to changes in the incidence rates of IBD, where rapid increases were observed in Asian countries like Japan, Korea, and China until 2020, followed by stabilization or decline, while incidence rates have been increasing in European countries such as Italy and Turkey. These findings underscore the importance of expanding international collaborations to enhance the understanding of IBD. Fostering global partnerships could further advance the field, promoting more integrated and innovative research efforts, and addressing the shifting dynamics of IBD prevalence across regions.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the evolution of co-author networks in Single-Balloon Enteroscope (SBE) research from 2000 to 2023, using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. The objective is to provide a structural overview of researcher collaborations in this specialized field, highlighting key contributors and the impact of international cooperation. Method: I conducted a co-author network analysis on 149 SBE-related articles indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. Using Python (Version 3.10.5) within the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3), I assessed macro-level indicators including network density, clustering coefficient, number of components, and average distance. Micro-level indicators such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality were also evaluated to understand the roles of individual researchers in the network.Result: The analysis revealed that the co-author networks in SBE research have evolved over the studied period, with varying degrees of connectivity and collaboration. From 2000 to 2009, the network showed moderate clustering but high fragmentation, with a few key researchers like Nista, Enrico C., and Spada, Cristiano playing central roles. In the 2010-2019 period, network density decreased, indicating expansion in the author pool but less frequent co-authorships. However, the clustering coefficient remained high, suggesting localized collaboration. Central figures such as Itoi, Takao emerged as influential in bridging network gaps. In the most recent period (2020-2023), network density moderately increased, reflecting improved collaboration. Key contributors included Tanisaka, Yuki, and Ryozawa, Shomei, who enhanced connectivity within the network. Despite these advancements, the network remained fragmented with isolated components throughout all periods. Conclusion: The co-author networks in SBE research have shown an overall increase in collaboration over the past two decades, with key contributors playing pivotal roles in connecting disparate groups. However, the persistent fragmentation suggests a need for more integrated efforts to enhance international collaboration. Understanding these network dynamics can inform future strategies for fostering global cooperation and advancing SBE research.

The advent of the digital age has introduced unprecedented opportunities for communication and connectivity, but it has also given rise to new forms of harassment, collectively termed cyber harassment. This research article provides an in-depth exploration of cyber harassment, examining its prevalence, the profound impact it has on victims, and potential solutions to mitigate its effects.The study is structured around three primary research objectives. Firstly, it investigates the psychological impact of cyber harassment on victims, highlighting the severe emotional and mental health consequences that can arise from such abuse. Secondly, the article scrutinizes the role of social media platforms in both facilitating and combating cyber harassment, analyzing how these platforms can act as both enablers of harassment and as venues for intervention. Thirdly, the research evaluates the current legal frameworks and responses to cyber harassment, considering their effectiveness and suggesting possible improvements. Recent research findings and diverse methodologies are integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faceted nature of cyber harassment. By addressing these key areas, the article aims to contribute to the development of more effective strategies to prevent and respond to cyber harassment, ultimately fostering a safer online environment.