The use of centrifugal pumps for water supply and distribution applications is evident in every industry as they efficiently transport fluid from a certain point. However, the sector faces severe concerns regarding its operating efficiency due to accumulated losses and sudden power consumption growth. Thus, it is crucial to find a remedy to mitigate these concerns and improve the performance of the centrifugal pump. This study aims to provide an improved design of centrifugal water pumps by analyzing the effects of changing its design parameters. Splitter blades, with a length of 80% of the main blade, will be included in the design. Using ANSYS software to generate a baseline design model, CFD analysis will be conducted. Then, an optimization study will be performed using the Response Surface Method (RSM) to formulate an optimized design. Results indicate that finding a perfect balance between the placement of the splitter blades, the design of the volute tongue clearance and thickness, and configuring the ellipse ratio of the splitter blades improves the pump's performance. The optimal design results in 27.35%, 15.70%, 28.18%, 16.67%, and 8.36% improvement in total efficiency, total head, static efficiency, static head, and power consumption, respectively.

Optical beam splitter is used for dividing an input optical beam into several separate beams with specific power ratio. Usually, conventional beam splitters have bulky dimensions and fixed dividing ratio which significantly limit the design of new miniaturized optical devices and integrated optical circuits. We propose and investigate a novel physical concept of a miniaturized planar optical splitter/coupler with a switching element in the form of a photonic molecule (PM) pair dispersing input optical fluxes along multiple ways with variable power proportions. The structural design of the proposed splitter is based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and composed of high-quality resonators in the form of electromagnetically coupled submicron-sized microcylinders. The control on the power division ratio and the selection of optical beam directions is realized by tuning the photonic splitter structure to the corresponding resonance of PM supermode. Compared to known analogues, the proposed design is easy to fabricate, suitable for integration into a "System-on-a-chip" platform and can dynamically change the beam power division ratio by input wave-phase manipulation.

Usually in quantum optics, the theory of large- and small-scale waveguide beam splitters is the same. In this paper it is shown that the theory of the nanoscale waveguide beamsplitter has a significant difference from a similar device, but of a larger scale. It is shown that the previously known theory of the waveguide beam splitter is a particular case of the theory presented here. The wave function at the output ports of the nanoscale beam splitter is analyzed. The results obtained are sensitive to the size of the beam splitter, the coupling parameter of the two waveguides, and the degree of nonmonochromaticity of the photons entering the first and second ports of the beam splitter. The results are important for quantum technologies using a nanosized beam splitter.

A time-sequential working, spatially multiplexed autostereoscopic 3D display design consisting of a fast switchable RGB-color filter array is presented. The wavelength-selective filter barrier emits the light from a display over a larger active area than common autostereoscopic barrier displays. An optical modelling of wavelength-selective barriers has been used for instance to calculate the light ray distribution properties of that arrangement. To find well working display designs, automated searches by simulation and computational evaluation has been proceeded. Wavelength-selective filter barrier arrangements exhibit characteristics different from common barrier displays with similar barrier pitch and ascent. In particular, these constructions show strong angular luminance dependency under barrier inclination specified by correspondent slant angle. In time-sequential implementation it is important to avoid that quick eye or eyelid movement lead to visible color artifacts. In the millisecond regime tunable liquid crystal Fabry-Pérot color filters for the colors red, green and blue are presented. They consist of a sub-micrometer thick nematic layer sandwiched between dielectric mirrors and ITO-electrodes. These cells shall switch narrow-banding light of red, green or blue. An array for a glasses-free 3D display has to be equipped with several thousand switchable filter elements having different color apertures. The newly introduced design is usable as a multi user display as well as a single user system with user adaptive control.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that renders an in vivo cross-sectional view of the retina. OCT utilizes a concept known as interferometry to create a cross-sectional map of the retina that is accurate to within at least 10-15 microns. Due to the transparency of the eye, OCT has gained wide popularity as an ophthalmic diagnostic tool. The OCT pictures of the retina are classified into “AMD, CNV, DRUSEN, DMR, DR, MH, CSR, and Normal Eye” using a lightweight deep neural network. There are two types of FD-OCT – swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) – both of which acquire spectral interferograms which are then Fourier transformed to obtain an axial scan of reflectance amplitude versus depth. Normal OCT features show a clear and defined retinal structure. The random forest algorithm is a robust ML algorithm that can be used to classify OCT images into four classes: choroidal neovascularization (CNV), deep margin elevation (DME), drusen, and normal. OCT (Optical coherent tomography) is an imaging method used to generate a picture of the back of the eyes and retinas. By using an interferometer, part of the light is directed to the sample and another portion is sent to a reference arm with a well-known length. Interferometers merge two or more sources of light to create interference patterns. We split the light into two beams that travel different optical paths and are combined to produce interference. Optical coherent tomography (OCT) generates sub-surface images of translucent or opaque materials at a resolution equivalent to a low power microscope. OCT build up clear 3D images of thick samples by rejecting background signals whilst collecting light directly reflected from a surface of interest. OCT systems use broadband sources and split light in a fiber coupler, first on a direct reference mirror, and as the sample is being measured. Balanced OCT systems can include additional attenuators at the detector arm to improve the detection efficiency.