Abstract: Cellulose microgel beads fabricated using the dropping technique suffer from structural irregularity and mechanical variability. This limits their translation to biomedical applications that are sensitive to variations in material properties. Ionic salts are often uncontrolled by-products of this technique, despite the known effects of ionic salts on cellulose assembly. In this study, the coagulation behavior of cellulose/salt solutions was explored as a way to combat these challenges. An ionic salt (NaCl) was added to a cellulose solution (cellulose/NaOH/urea) prior to coagulation in a hydrochloric acid bath. Quantification of the bead geometry and characterization of the pore architecture revealed that balancing the introduction of salt with the resultant solution viscosity is more effective at reducing structural variability and diffusion limitations than other pre-gelling techniques like thermal gelation. 3-D visualization of the internal pore structure of neat cellulose, thermo-gel, and salt-gel beads revealed that adding salt to the solution is the most effective way to achieve three-dimensional structural uniformity throughout the bead. Coupled with nanoindentation, we confirmed that the salt produced during coagulation plays a critical role in mechanical variability, and that adding salt to the solution before dropping into the coagulation bath completely screens this effect – leading to uniform microgel beads with reproducible mechanical properties.

Abstract: The concept of digital twins (DT)s enhances the traditional structural health monitoring (SHM) by integrating real-time data with digital models for predictive maintenance and decision-making whilst combined with finite element modelling (FEM). However, the computational demand of FE modelling necessitates surrogate models for real-time performance, alongside the requirement of inverse structural analysis to infer overall behaviour via measured structural response of a structure. A FEM-based machine learning (ML) model is an ideal option in this context as it can be trained to perform those calculations instantly based on FE-based training data. However, the performance of the surrogate model depends on the ML model architecture. In this light, current study investigates three distinct ML models to surrogate FE modelling for DTs. It was identified that all models demonstrated a strong performance, with the tree-based models outperforming the performance of the neural network (NN) model. The highest accuracy of the surrogate model was identified in the random forest (RF) model with an error of 0.000350 whilst the lowest inference time was observed with the trained XGBoost algorithm which was at approximately 1 millisecond. By leveraging the capabilities of ML, FEM and DTs, this study presents an ideal solution for implementing real-time DTs to advance the functionalities of current SHM systems.

Abstract: The paper consists on the exact wave results of the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear compound Korteweg-De Vries, and Burgers (KdVB) equation with a truncated M- fractional derivative. This model represents the generalization of Korteweg-De Vries- modified Korteweg-De Vries and Burgers equations. We obtained the periodic, combo- singular,dark-bright, and other wave results with the use of the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion (EShGEE), and the modified (G′/G2)-expansion techniques. The use of effective fractional derivative makes our results much better than the existing results. The gained solutions are useful as well as applicable in the various fields including the mathematical physics, plasma physics, ocean engineering, optics, etc. The obtained solutions are demonstrated by 2-D, 3-D, and Contour plots. The achieved results are fruitful in future research concerned equation. Stability analysis is used to check that the results are precise as well as exact. The modulation instability (MI) is performed to find stable steady-state solutions of the concerned model. At the end, it is suggested that the methods used are easy and reliable.

Abstract:

In today's modern era, with the development of 5G and 6G technologies, free frequency domains for communication have become a valuable resource. As the frequencies increase, atmospheric conditions produce different challenges and effects that affect the propagation of the signal. These effects require a deep understanding in order to enable Point-to-Point communication. Point-to-Point communication can occur over short distances, such as a few meters, or over long distances, such as in deep space. This article presents a solution based on an integrative analytical model for calculating atmospheric inferior values of an electromagnetic signal at any desired distance transmitted from the Earth. The model encompasses dispersion, refraction, and absorption effects caused by various atmospheric phenomena. The mathematical analysis adds that the placement of the signal along its height is not linear, and the transmission angle also affects the values. The results presented will influence the selection of working frequencies in different areas and distances, such as communication between ground and space and inter-satellite communication link (ISL).

Abstract: Risk management in power systems has become an essential component of ensuring the reliability, stability, and economic efficiency of modern electrical grids. As power systems become increasingly complex and vulnerable to both natural and man-made disruptions, accurate and effective risk measurement techniques are crucial for mitigating potential threats and minimizing system failures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of risk measurement methodologies used in the context of power system risk management. It explores various quantitative techniques, including probabilistic risk assessment, fault tree analysis, and Monte Carlo simulations, and examines their application in evaluating system vulnerabilities, identifying potential hazards, and optimizing risk mitigation strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of these methods with modern power system planning, operation, and control strategies, particularly in light of evolving renewable energy sources and distributed generation technologies. By focusing on both theoretical and practical aspects, this paper offers valuable insights for enhancing the robustness of power systems in the face of growing risks and uncertainties.

Abstract:

This article discusses the continuous miner technology used in bord and pillar mining technology with the proposal of strata control by roof blasting. The main objective of the roof blasting in the goaf is to initiate induced caving to minimise abutment load in and around the working face to prevent incidences of coal bump, goaf swelling, pillar spalling and air-blast. It was stated that decision of roof blasting is subjected to the nature of local roof falls, results of strata monitoring study and hanging span of roof strata near the line of extraction. Special attention was paid to empirical and numerical simulation techniques for different geotechnical elements and structures involved during mechanised depillaring panel of Tawa-I mine. It was found that thanks to numerical simulation related to the determination of gallery width, cut-out distance and rib/snook as well as simulation for estimation of rock load height at different places in the panel as well as by applying strata control by roof blasting continuous miner technology can be successful used with improved efficiency and safety in difficult and complex geomining conditions of Indian underground coal mines.

Abstract: This work examines the effects of various heat treatments on the microstructural characteristics and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel fabricated by L-PBF. The microstructural evolution and corrosion properties at different heat treatment temperatures (500°C, 750°C, and 1000°C) were assessed by utilizing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical polarization tests. It has been found that increasing heat treatment temperature significantly alters the grain size, reduces dislocation density, and impacts corrosion resistance of the material. The melt pool boundaries, visible in the as-fabricated samples, begin to fade at 750°C. Corrosion tests demonstrate a decrease in pitting and repassivation potentials with increased heat treatment temperature, suggesting a deterioration in the material's resistance to pitting corrosion. The study highlights the complex relationship between heat treatment conditions, microstructural evolution, and corrosion resistance in 316L stainless steel, deepening understanding of processing-structure-property relationships in additively manufactured metals used in corrosive environments.

Abstract: Due to the ever-increasing demand for clean energy derived from renewable sources, new options for obtaining it are being sought. The energy of water streams, compared to wind energy or solar energy, has the advantage that it can be supplied continuously. A relatively new solution used in hydropower is the AST (Archimedes Screw Turbine), which perfectly complements the possibilities of energy use of water courses. This solution can be used at lower heads and lower flows than is the case with power plants using Kaplan, Francis or similar turbines. An AST power plant is cheaper to build, operate, and has less negative environmental impact than traditional solutions. Accordingly, research is being conducted to improve the efficiency of the AST in terms of its environmental impact, efficiency, length, angle of inclination and others. These studies revealed sources of losses, optimal operating conditions, and turbine design methods. They also showed a much lower environmental impact of Archimedes turbines compared to the others. In the course of compiling this review, the authors noticed some differences regarding the description by different authors of the characteristic geometric dimensions of turbines and other quantities.

Abstract: In an era of increasingly abundant and granular spatial and temporal data, the traditional divide between environmental GIS and building-centric BIM scales is diminishing, offering an opportunity to enhance natural hazard assessment by bridging the gap between territorial impacts and effects on individual structures. This study addresses the challenge of integrating disparate data formats by establishing a centralised database as the foundation for a comprehensive risk assessment approach. A use case focusing on flood risk assessment for a public building in the Piedmont Region demonstrates the practical implications of this integrated methodology. The proposed TErritorial RIsk Management & Analysis Across Scale (TERIMAAS) framework utilises this centralised repository to store, process, and dynamically update diverse BIM and GIS datasets, incorporating real-time IoT-derived information. GIS spatial analysis assesses risk scores for each hazard type, providing insights into vulnerability and potential impacts. BIM data further refines this assessment by incorporating building and functional characteristics, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of resilience and risk mitigation strategies tailored to dynamic environmental conditions across scales. The results of the proposed scalable approach could provide a valuable understanding of the territory for policymakers, urban planners, and any stakeholder involved in disaster risk management and infrastructure resilience planning.

Abstract: In this work, a study was carried out on the effect of temperature as the main influencing factor of the rheological behavior of lateritic suspensions, raw material for the operations of pressurized acid technology (HPAL) used to obtain nickel and cobalt from of oxidized ores. From studies of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, particle size analyzer and mathematical modeling, the behavior of the interactions and rheological characteristics of the analyzed samples were obtained. In this study it was concluded that the use of mathematical models that relate the temperature up to 90 °C and the energy parameters of the pumping system of flows, loads, hydraulic losses, power and efficiency, will allow finding ways to increase and stabilize the flow of fed hydromixture with a flow rate of 1600 m3/h and a solids concentration of 48% (w/w) and guarantee the efficiency of the technological process.