preprints.org > biology and life sciences > anatomy and physiology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v18

Preprint Hypothesis Version 18 This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 30 September 2020 / Approved: 1 October 2020 / Online: 1 October 2020 (08:53:19 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 2 October 2020 / Approved: 2 October 2020 / Online: 2 October 2020 (14:36:24 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 3 November 2020 / Approved: 3 November 2020 / Online: 3 November 2020 (12:46:41 CET)
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Version 5 : Received: 27 November 2020 / Approved: 27 November 2020 / Online: 27 November 2020 (16:45:19 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 8 December 2020 / Approved: 9 December 2020 / Online: 9 December 2020 (11:01:03 CET)
Version 7 : Received: 27 January 2021 / Approved: 28 January 2021 / Online: 28 January 2021 (12:25:54 CET)
Version 8 : Received: 10 May 2021 / Approved: 10 May 2021 / Online: 10 May 2021 (10:21:15 CEST)
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Version 10 : Received: 26 July 2021 / Approved: 26 July 2021 / Online: 26 July 2021 (12:02:52 CEST)
Version 11 : Received: 18 August 2021 / Approved: 18 August 2021 / Online: 18 August 2021 (09:57:59 CEST)
Version 12 : Received: 9 April 2024 / Approved: 10 April 2024 / Online: 10 April 2024 (10:50:26 CEST)
Version 13 : Received: 13 April 2024 / Approved: 15 April 2024 / Online: 16 April 2024 (10:36:09 CEST)
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Version 17 : Received: 24 May 2024 / Approved: 27 May 2024 / Online: 27 May 2024 (12:58:52 CEST)
Version 18 : Received: 28 October 2024 / Approved: 29 October 2024 / Online: 29 October 2024 (09:47:00 CET)

Why did simple carbon-based materials (CBMs) on Earth evolve into complex, orderly, and diverse life and societies? Extensive research has yet to explicitly and comprehensively answer this fundamental question in science. Here we propose the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET), which could offer the first explicit and holistic answer to this question. CBET meticulously integrates numerous factors critical to evolution from a bird's-eye view using mathematical logic and the novel terms of eight hierarchies of CBMs. The integration reveals three mechanisms: the driving force mechanism, the structure-function mechanism, and the natural selection mechanism, which hierarchically escalates the complexity of CBMs, increases the abundance, diversity, and orderliness of complex CBMs, and leads to chemical, biological, and social evolution of CBMs. CBET clarifies the intricate relationships among materials, energy, structures, functions, and orderliness and uncovers the natural roots of multiple crucial social notions, such as the balance between inclusiveness and competition and the balance between selfishness and altruism. CBET bridges the natural and social sciences and advocates for the balanced, harmonious, and peaceful development of human societies.

carbon; carbon-based materials; evolution; mechanism; theory

Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology

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