The realization of the third-generation artificial intelligence (AI) requires the evolution from perceptual intelligence to cognitive intelligence, where knowledge graphs may not meet the practical needs anymore. Based on the dual channel theory, cognitive graphs are established and developed through coordinating the implicit extraction module and the explicit reasoning module as well as integrating knowledge graphs, cognitive reasoning and logical expressions, which have achieved successes in multi-hop question answering. It is desired for cognitive graphs to be widely used in advanced AI applications such as large-scale knowledge representations and intelligent responses, promoting the development of Al dramatically. This review discusses cognitive graphs systematically and elaborately, including basic concepts, generations, theories and technologies. Moreover, we try to predict the development of cognitive intelligence in the short-term future and further enlighten more researches and studies.

The extracts of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) are traditionally used for medicinal purposes in Asia. Phenols and xanthones are the two main phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory activities in the pericarps of mangosteen. A simple and economic reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of phenols (catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2) in mangosteen. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: water (12:88) at 30°C, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 230 nm. The results showed good linear relationships for catechin from 50-250 ng and for epicatechin and procyanidin B2 from 250-1250 ng. The RP-HPLC fingerprint determination method of total xanthones in mangosteen was also established to provide a new method for quality control of mangosteen extract. The mobile phase was a methanol-water gradient elution at 30°C, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 320 nm. The similarity of fingerprints of 10 batches of total xanthones was more than 0.90. These methods had good precision, reproducibility, and stability and can be applied in the quality control of mangosteen extracts for medicinal purposes.

Carbon and nitrogen contents and their isotopic components and AMS radiocarbon dating ages were measured for 57 coastal sediments from Weizhou Island to analyze the distribution of total inorganic carbon (TIC) and its carbon and oxygen isotopic components (δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and their stable isotopic components (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) and environmental significance. The results showed that the oldest age of coastal sediments on Weizhou Island was 2750 cal. a BP, and the average TIC contents of A1, A2, B1, C1, and D1 in the intertidal zone were all greater than 5%, where δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb were enriched, while the TIC contents in A3, C2, and D2 of the supra-tidal zone were low, where δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb were depleted. Moreover, TIC decreased sharply from the estuary to upstream region in the C1-C2 section. The average C/N ratio was 7.02, and δ13CTOC and δ15NTN were between -14.96‰~-27.26‰ and -14.38‰~4.12‰, respectively. These measurements indicated that the TIC in coastal sediments mainly came from seawater. A1, A2, and B1 in the northern intertidal zone exhibited organic terrestrial signals because of C3 and C4 plant inputs, which proved that the important source of the northern coast of Weizhou Island came from the island. The lacustrine facies deposits were mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the river, the northern coastline was rapidly advancing toward the sea, and part of the southwestern coastal sediments rapidly accumulated to the shore under the influence of a storm surge. The relative sea level of the Weizhou Island area has continuously declined at a rate of approximately 2.07 mm/a, using beach rock as a marker, since the Holocene.

The nanocomposites with reversible cross-linking covalent bonds were prepared by reacting furfurylamine (FA)-modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and furfuryl-functionalized aniline trimer-modified graphene (TFAT-G) with bismaleimide (BMI) via Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. The successful synthesis of the TFAT modifier is confirmed by NMR hydrogen spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy tests. The structure and properties of TFAT-G epoxy nanocomposites are characterized by SEM, DSC, tensile and resistivity CES. The results show that TFAT-G was uniformly dispersed in the resin, and 1wt% TFAT-G composites increase to 233% for tensile strength, 63% for elongation at break, 66.1% for modulus and 7.8℃ for Tg. Overall, the graphene/self-healing resin nanocomposites have both good self-healing function and electrical conductivity by adding 1% modified graphene and still maintain the original 83% strength and 89% electrical conductivity after one cycle of heating repair.

A series of precise data consisting of zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope compositions from the Huhetaoergai granitic pluton was collected in this study and combined with data from the western Huhetaoergai, Zhuxiaogubuhe and Yagan granitic plutons to constrain the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of granitic plutons in the northern Ya-Gan fault zone, North Alxa, China. The Huhetaoergai pluton is composed of hornblende diorite, medium- to coarse-grained biotite adamellite and coarse-grained biotite adamellite with K-feldspar megacrysts. The U–Pb zircon ages of biotite adamellite are 220.5 ± 1.9 Ma and 226.5 ± 2.4 Ma. These granitoids are I-type granites with highly radiogenic initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.708085–0.735470, negative eNd(t) average values of −2.98–3.23 and high eHf(t) of 9–11.05. These features indicate the granitoids were formed from magmas generated from juvenile crust. We speculate that the granitoids of the Huhetaoergai pluton were emplaced during an episode of intense intraplate orogenic movement evolution in an extrusional setting after a period of extensional postcollisional intraplate evolution.

Soil water content (SWC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) are two important factors to consider when revegetation in degraded land of arid and semiarid areas. Knowing the response of SWC and SOC to vegetation restoration as well as their coupling interaction is important for sustainability of vegetation restoration. In this study, three common plantations of the same recovery years were selected on China’s Loess Plateau, which included Pinus sylvestris, Pinus tabuliformis and Populus simonii, to evaluate the response of SWC and SOC to vegetation restoration as well as their interactions, and then revealed the influencing factors of SWC and SOC variations. Results showed that compared to the grassland, three plantations all exacerbated the deficit of deep soil water, but Populus simonii increased the SOC, while the rest all decreased the SOC. And tradeoff of Populus simonii had the lowest root mean squared error (RMSD). Therefore, Populus simonii was identified as representing a suitable revegetation technique for this region. There was strong interaction between SWC and SOC for shallow soil layers. Land use type (LUT) has an important effect on deep SOC variations, while SOC and soil texture for deep SWC variations. The results were helpful to the sustainable development of artificial forests in this region as well as other similar arid and semiarid areas.

This paper addresses a new micromechanical model to predict biaxial tensile moduli of plain weave fabric (PWF) composites by considering the interaction between the orthogonal interlacing strands. The two orthogonal yarns in micromechanical unit cell (UC) were idealized as the curved beams with a path depicted by using sinusoidal shape functions. The biaxial tensile moduli of PWF composites were derived by means of the minimum total complementary potential energy principle founded on micromechanics. The biaxial tensile tests were respectively conducted on the RTM-made EW220/5284 PWF composites at five biaxial loading ratios of 0, 1, 2, 3 and ∞ to validate the new model. The predictions from the new model were compared with experimental data and good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed model. Using the new model, the biaxial tensile moduli of plain weave fabric (PWF) composites could be predicted based only on the properties of basic woven fabric.

Two coupled climate models which participated the CMIP6 project (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6), the Earth System Model of Chinese Academy of Sciences version 2 (CAS-ESM2-0) and the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM3), were assessed in terms of the impact of four new sea ice parameterization schemes. These four new schemes are related to air-sea heat flux, radiation penetration and absorption, melt ponds, ice-ocean flux, respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of these schemes, key sea ice variables with and without these new schemes, such as sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT), were compared against observation and reanalysis product from 1980 to 2014. The simulations followed the design of historical experiments within the CMIP6 framework. The results revealed that both models demonstrated improvements in simulating Arctic SIC and SIT when the new parameterization schemes were implemented. The model bias of SIC in some marginal sea ice zones of Arctic was reduced, especially during March. The SIT was increased and the transpolar gradient of SIT was reproduced. The changes of spatial pattern of SIC and SIT after adding new schemes bear similarities between the two coupled models. This suggests that the new schemes have potential for broad application in climate models, especially for those with underestimated SIT.