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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0501.v1

Double-Edged Sword of Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic on Crude Oil Stock Returns

Monday Osagie Adenomon, Ngozi G. Emenogu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Crude oil; Global financial crisis; COVID-19; Stock; Returns; Persistence

Online: 31 May 2020 (20:15:29 CEST)

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This study investigates the impact of global financial crisis and the present COVID-19 pandemic on daily and weekly Crude oil futures using four variants of ARMA-GARCH models: ARMA-sGARCH, ARMA-eGARCH, ARMA-TGARCH and ARMA- aPARCH with dummy variables We also investigated the persistence, half-life and backtesting of the models. This study therefore seeks to contribute to the body of literature on the impact of global financial crisis and the present COVID-19 pandemic on crude oil futures market. This investigation of the impact of global financial crisis and the COVID-19 on crude oil futures has not been much studied at present. We obtained and analyzed the daily and weekly crude oil futures from secondary sources. Daily crude oil futures used in this study covers the period from the 4th January 2000 to 27th April 2020 while the weekly crude oil futures covered from 2ndJanuary 2000 to 26th April 2020 . The global financial crisis period covered from 2nd July 2007 to 31st March 2009 and the current COVID-19 pandemic covered from 1st January 2020 to 27th April, 2020. The study used both student t and skewed student t innovations with AIC, goodness-of-test fit and backtesting to select the best model. Most of the estimated ARMA-GARCH models are supported by skewed student t distribution while most of the ARMA-GARCH models exhibited high persistence values in the presence of global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. In the overall, the estimated ARMA(1,0)-eGARCH(2,1) and ARMA(1,0)-eGARCH(2,2) model for daily crude oil futures and weekly crude oil futures respectively have been significantly impacted by the global financial crisis and the Present COVID-19 pandemic while the preferred estimated models also passed the goodness-of-test fit and backtesting.This study recommends shareholders and investors should think outside the box as crude oil futures tend to be affected by global financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic while countries also that depend mostly on crude oil are encouraged to diversify their economy in other to survive and be sustained during financial and health crisis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0443.v1

Inactivated Platelet Lysate Supports Proliferation and Immunomodulant Characteristics Of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in GMP Culture Condition

Katia Mareschi, Sara Castiglia, Aloe Adamini, Deborah Rustichelli, Elena Marini, Alessia Giovanna Santa Banche Niclot, Massimiliano Bergallo, Luciana Labanca, Ivana Ferrero, Franca Fagioli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells; Good Manufacturing Practice; Inactivated Platelet Lysate

Online: 27 May 2020 (08:15:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0412.v1

Τhe February – March 2019 Seismic Swarm Offshore North Lefkada Island, Greece: Microseismicity Analysis and Geodynamic Implications

Anastasios Kostoglou, Vassilios Karakostas, Polyzois Bountzis, Eleftheria Papadimitriou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: seismic swarm; relocated aftershocks; transition zone; b-value temporal variation; central Ionian Islands (Greece)

Online: 25 May 2020 (16:47:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0376.v1

Computational Strategies to Combat COVID-19: Useful Tools to Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Research

Franziska Hufsky, Kevin Lamkiewicz, Alexandre Almeida, Abdel Aouacheria, Cecilia Arighi, Alex Bateman, Jan Baumbach, Niko Beerenwinkel, Christian Brandt, Marco Cacciabue, Sara Chuguransky, Oliver Drechsel, Robert D. Finn, Adrian Fritz, Stephan Fuchs, Georges Hattab, Anne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Heider, Marie Hoffmann, Martin Hölzer, Stefan Hoops, Lars Kaderali, Ioanna Kalvari, Max von Kleist, René Kmiecinski, Denise Kühnert, Gorka Lasso, Pieter Libin, Markus List, Hannah F. Löchel, Maria J. Martin, Roman Martin, Julian Matschinske, Alice C. McHardy, Pedro Mendes, Jaina Mistry, Vincent Navratil, Eric Nawrocki, Áine Niamh O'Toole, Nancy Palacios-Ontiveros, Anton I. Petrov, Guillermo Rangel-Piñeros, Nicole Redaschi, Susanne Reimering, Knut Reinert, Alejandro Reyes, Lorna Richardson, David L. Robertson, Sepideh Sadegh, Joshua B. Singer, Kristof Theys, Chris Upton, Marius Welzel, Lowri Williams, Manja Marz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virus bioinformatics; SARS-CoV-2; sequencing; epidemiology; drug design; tools

Online: 23 May 2020 (11:01:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0302.v1

Oxidized and Non-Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Materials for Adsorption of Lanthanum(III) Aqueous Solutions

Francisco J. Alguacil, Irene García-Díaz, Esther Escudero Baquero, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Félix Antonio López

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Applied Chemistry Keywords: lanthanum; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; adsorption; recovery

Online: 18 May 2020 (12:35:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0269.v1

Prevalence, Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Lassa Fever Disease (LFD) in a Tertiary Hospital, Southeast Nigeria

Maria-Lauretta Orji, Nnamdi Onyire, Uche Unigwe, Nnennaya Ajayi, Demian Nwidi, Elizabeth Odey, Joseph Agboeze, Chiedozie Ojide, Fortune Ujunwa, Emeka Onwe, Robinson Onoh, Precious Madume

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: case fatality; Lassa virus; pattern; positivity rate; outcome; ribavirin

Online: 16 May 2020 (16:41:27 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0190.v1

Deteriorating Atrioventricular Block in COVID-19 Suspected Patient after Receiving Initial Dose of Azythromycin and Hydroxychloroquine

Billy Aditya Pratama, Afik Maulana Rachman, Vita Yanti Anggraeni, Erika Maharani, Ika Trisnawati, Bambang Sigit Riyanto, Anggoro Budi Hartopo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; azythromycin; hydroxychloroquine; atrioventricular block

Online: 11 May 2020 (10:10:42 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0162.v1

Joint Space Redundancy Resolution of Serial Link Manipulator: An Inverse Kinematics and Continuum Structure Numerical Approach

Toshit Jain, Jinesh Kumar Jain, Debanik Roy

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: inverse kinematics; DLS system; redundancy resolution; redundant manipulator; continuum structure; manipulator positioning

Online: 9 May 2020 (10:12:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0133.v1

Analysis of Lower-hand Wrist Flexion and Twist of the Mallet Head in a Croquet Shot

Jenny Clarke

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: Wrist injury; motion capture; croquet; technique analysis; overuse

Online: 7 May 2020 (15:16:48 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

When COVID-19 Will Decline in India? Prediction by Combination of Recovery and Case Load Rate

Atanu Bhattacharjee, Mukesh Kumar, Kamalesh Kumar Patel

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: COVID-19; recovery rate; case load rate; India

Online: 4 May 2020 (02:17:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0510.v1

A Structural View at SARS-CoV-2 RNA Replication Machinery: RNA Synthesis, Proofreading and Final Capping

Maria Romano, Alessia Ruggiero, Flavia Squeglia, Giovanni Maga, Rita Berisio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID19; RNA replication; protein structure; infectious disease

Online: 29 April 2020 (12:52:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0479.v1

Need for Specialized Therapeutic Stem Cells Banks Equipped with Tumor Regression Enzymes and Anti-Tumor Genes

Mujib Ullah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Stem cells banks; Cancer; Cytosine deaminase; Tumor; Gene therapy

Online: 27 April 2020 (04:49:54 CEST)

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Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

The First, Comprehensive Immunological Model of COVID-19: Implications for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Public Health Measures

Paolo Matricardi, Roberto Dal Negro, Roberto Nisini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: antibodies; COVID-19; glycans; immunoglobulin M; SARS-CoV-2; pneumonia; prediction; protection

Online: 24 April 2020 (10:25:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0425.v1

Non-Coding RNAs and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies to Target the 5’UTR of SARS-CoV-2

Antonella Baldassarre, Alessandro Paolini, Stefania Paola Bruno, Cristina Felli, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Andrea Masotti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 5’UTR; miRNAs; RNAi; GapmeRs

Online: 24 April 2020 (04:16:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0398.v1

Psychosocial, and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment

Mashura Shammi, Md. Bodrud-Doza, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Md. Mostafizur Rahman

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: COVID-19; Perception-based questionnaire; principal component analysis (PCA); Linear regression model; social panic; social conflict

Online: 22 April 2020 (09:55:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0377.v1

The Dynamics of Humoral Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential for Reinfection

Paul Kellam, Wendy Barclay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; immune response; antibodies

Online: 21 April 2020 (06:56:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0336.v1

Role of Socially-Equitable Economic Development in Creating Resilient and Sustainable Systems: COVID-19-Related Reflections

Adjo Amekudzi-Kennedy, Samuel Labi, Brian Woodall, Greg Marsden, Emily Grubert

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; economic development; equity; socially-equitable development; resilient and sustainable infrastructure; resilient and sustainable communities; disaster management

Online: 19 April 2020 (07:09:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0331.v1

Coronavirus 2019 Infection in People with Associated Co-Morbidities: Case Fatality and ACE2 Inhibitors Treatment Concerns

Maryam Honardoost, Rokhsareh Aghili, Mohammad E. Khamseh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; associated comorbidities; treatment; ACE2 inhibitors; Type 2 diabetes

Online: 19 April 2020 (05:42:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0322.v1

Food Supplements in the Treatment of Male Infertility: A Critical Review on Their Formulations and Use

Andrea Garolla, Gabriel Cosmin Petre, Francesco Francini-Pesenti, Luca De Toni, Amerigo Vitagliano, Andrea Di Nisio, Carlo Foresta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: fertility; male reproduction; semen parameters; supplements; ingredients

Online: 19 April 2020 (04:18:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0313.v1

Estimating the Beginning and End Dates of Covid-19 for Several Countries Using the Logistic Model

Ademir Xavier Jr

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: covid-19; forecast; epidemic; logistic model; pandemic

Online: 19 April 2020 (02:21:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0306.v1

Dealing Hybrid Model Appling in the Selection and Prioritization of Software Requirements Using Verbal Decision Analysis

Paulo A. M. Barbosa, Plácido R. Pinheiro, Francisca R. V. Silveira, Marum S. Filho

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: requirements planning; search-based software engineering; verbal decision analysis

Online: 17 April 2020 (17:10:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0249.v1

Introducing Fractal Dimension for Interlaminar Shear and Tensile Strength Assessment of Mechanically Interlocked Polymer-Metal-Interfaces

Erik Saborowski, Philipp Steinert, Axel Dittes, Thomas Lindner, Andreas Schubert, Thomas Lampke

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: polymer-metal-hybrid; surface pretreatment; mechanical interlocking; roughness evaluation; interlaminar shear strength; interlaminar tensile strength; fractal geometry; laser structuring

Online: 15 April 2020 (14:21:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0229.v1

Design and Test of a Student Hybrid Rocket Engine with an External Carbon Fiber Composite Structure

Francesca Heeg

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: hybrid rocket engine; sounding rocket; carbon fiber composite; engine test; total impulse; lightweight design

Online: 15 April 2020 (05:10:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0123.v1

Dynamic Modeling and Adaptive Controlling in GPS-Intelligent Buoy (GIB) Systems Based on Neural-Fuzzy Networks

Dangquan Zhang, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Zhenling Liu, Wan-Xi Peng, Mohammad Javad Golkar, Amir Mosavi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: positioning system; neural-fuzzy network; adaptive control; buoys

Online: 8 April 2020 (08:51:47 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Volume Variations of Small Inland Water Bodies from a Combination of Satellite Altimetry and Optical Imagery

Christian Schwatke, Denise Dettmering, Florian Seitz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: water levels; surface areas; volume variations; hypsometry; bathymetry; lakes; reservoirs; remote sensing

Online: 8 April 2020 (06:41:59 CEST)

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In this study, a new approach for estimating volume variations of lakes and reservoirs using water levels from satellite altimetry and surface areas from optical imagery is presented. Both input data sets, namely water level time series and surface area time series, are provided by DGFI-TUM‘s Database of Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters (DAHITI). The approach is divided into three parts. In the first part, a hypsometry model based on the new modified Strahler approach is computed by combining water levels and surface areas. The hypsometry model describes the dependency between water levels and surface areas of lakes and reservoirs. In the second part, a bathymetry between minimum and maximum surface area is computed. For this purpose, DAHITI land-water masks are stacked using water levels derived from the hypsometry model. Finally, water levels and surface areas are intersected with the bathymetry to estimate a time series of volume variations in relation to the minimum observed surface area. The results are validated with volume time series derived from in-situ water levels in combination with bathymetric surveys. In this study, 28 lakes and reservoirs located in Texas are investigated. The absolute volumes of the investigated lakes and reservoirs vary between 0.099 km³ and 6.448 km³. The correlation coefficients of the resulting volume variation time series with validation data vary between 0.80 and 0.99. Overall, the relative errors with respect to volume variations vary between 2.8% and 14.9% with an average of 8.3% for all 28 investigated lakes and reservoirs. When comparing the resulting RMSE with absolute volumes, the absolute errors vary between 1.5% and 6.4% with an average of 3.1%. This study shows that volume variations can be calculated with a high accuracy which depends essentially on the quality of the used water levels and surface areas. In addition, this study provides a hypsometry model, high-resolution bathymetry and water level time series derived from surface areas based on the hypsometry model. All data sets are publicly available on the Database of Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters (DAHITI, https://dahiti.dgfi.tum.de).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0467.v1

Which Are the Effects of Hard and Soft Equality Constraints on the Iterative Outlier Elimination Procedure?

Vinicius Francisco Rofatto, Marcelo Tomio Matsuoka, Ivandro Klein, Mauricio Roberto Veronez, Luiz Gonzaga Da Silveira, Jr.

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: constraints; hypothesis testing; outlier detection; Monte Carlo; quality control; geodesy

Online: 31 March 2020 (22:59:14 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0423.v1

Variable Structural Networks at the Active Site of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 Main Proteases

Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; SARS-CoV; variable residues; main protease; structural analysis

Online: 29 March 2020 (06:22:06 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Badging for Sustainable Development: Applying EdTech Micro-Credentials for Advancing SDGs amongst Mountain and Pastoralist Societies

Randall Gwin, Marc Foggin

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: education; skills development; online distance learning; credentials; open badges; blockchain; sustainable livelihoods; sustainable mountain development; traditional knowledge; culture; Kyrgyzstan; Central Asia

Online: 27 March 2020 (03:07:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0317.v1

Analysis of Eddy Formation and Heat Transfer Process in Weld Pool during Plasma Keyhole Arc Welding

Nguyen Van Anh, Ngo Huu Manhh, Tam Thanh, Dang Tran, Hai T. Nguyen

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Plasma keyhole arc welding; X-ray observation; Heat transportation; Eddy; Convective pattern

Online: 20 March 2020 (13:03:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0294.v1

Evaluation of Open Access Precipitation and Temperature Products Using SWAT in Shiyang River Basin, Northwest China

Gengxi Zhang, Xiaoling Su, Olusola O. Ayantobo, Kai Feng, Jing Guo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: remote sensing; precipitation; temperature; GSMaP_Gauge; CHIRPS; CFSR; SWAT

Online: 19 March 2020 (02:37:37 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0221.v1

Binding Epitopes of 2019-nCoV Proteins for Perspective Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications: Insights from Computational Approaches

Ilda D'Annessa, Filippo Marchetti, Giorgio Colombo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; diagnostics; antibodies; structural vaccinology

Online: 12 March 2020 (15:02:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0220.v1

3D Printing for Ecology and Evolution: A Hands-on Guide to Turn an Idea into Reality

Nicolas Schtickzelle, Estelle Laurent, Thibaut Morel-Journel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: 3D printing; 3D scanning; customized ecological objects; methods; stereolithography; open-source lab

Online: 12 March 2020 (14:46:07 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

The Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α N-Terminal C2 Domain Binds and Oligomerizes on Membranes with Positive Curvature

Katherine E. Ward, Ranjan Sengupta, James P. Ropa, Robert V. Stahelin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: cytosolic phospholipase A2; electron microscopy; C2 domain; Golgi; membrane bending; membrane curvature; oligomerization

Online: 12 March 2020 (04:10:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0179.v1

Multi-Physical Design and Resonant Controller Based Trajectory Tracking of the Electromagnetically Driven Fast Tool Servo

Imran Hussain, Wei Xia, Dongpo Zhao, Peng Huang, Zhiwei Zhu

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: fast tool servo; voice coil motor; flexure mechanism; resonant controller

Online: 11 March 2020 (04:04:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0127.v1

Combining Experimental Evolution and Genomics to Understand How Seed Beetles Adapt to a Marginal Host Plant

Alex Rêgo, Samridhi Chaturvedi, Amy Springer, Alexandra M. Lish, Caroline L. Barton, Karen M. Kapheim, Frank J. Messina, Zachariah Gompert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: plant-insect interaction; host shift; parallel evolution; detoxification; experimental evolution; population genomics; genome-wide association mapping; gene expression; Callosobruchus maculatus

Online: 8 March 2020 (01:52:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0126.v1

Evaluating the Pricing Strategy for Change Orders between General Contractors and Subcontractors Using ET-SD Model

Chien-Liang Lin, Yu Che Lai

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: change order; pricing; game theory; evolutionary stable strategy (ESS); system dynamics

Online: 8 March 2020 (01:19:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0084.v1

Single-diode Models of PV Modules: A Comparison of Conventional Approaches and Propose a Novel Model

Tuyen Nguyen-Duc, Huy Nguyen-Duc, Thinh Le-Viet, Hirotaka Takano

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Single-diode model; Five-parameter model; Photovoltaic panels; Analytics method

Online: 5 March 2020 (11:41:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0075.v1

Identification of Metabolite and Lipid Profile in a Segregating Peach Population Associated with Mealiness in Peach

Victoria Lillo-Carmona, Alonso Espinoza, Karin Rothkegel, Miguel Rubilar, Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco, Romina Pedreschi, Reinaldo Campos-Vargas, Claudio Meneses

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: chilling injury; mealiness; metabolomics; lipidomics; biomarker

Online: 5 March 2020 (02:42:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0056.v1

A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production

Truzzi Cristina, Anna Annibaldi, Federico Girolametti, Leonardo Giovannini, Paola Riolo, Sara Ruschioni, Ike Olivotto, Silvia Illuminati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Hermetia illucens prepupae; Black soldier fly; coffee silverskin; microalgae; toxic metals; bioaccumulation; chemical hazard

Online: 4 March 2020 (09:48:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0023.v1

Carbon and Biodiversity Outcomes under Divergent Management Scenarios in Shifting Cultivation Landscapes in the Upland Philippines

Sharif A. Mukul, John Herbohn, Jennifer Firn, Nestor Gregorio

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: shifting cultivation; Philippines; biodiversity; carbon; REDD+

Online: 2 March 2020 (02:27:00 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0242.v2

Potential Therapeutic Agents for COVID-19 Based on the Analysis of Protease and RNA Polymerase Docking

Yu-Chuan Chang, Yi-An Tung, Ko-Han Lee, Ting-Fu Chen, Yu-Chun Hsiao, Hung-Ching Chang, Tsung-Ting Hsieh, Chan-Hung Su, Su-Shia Wang, Jheng-Ying Yu, Shang-shung Shih, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Yin-Hung Lin, Yi-Chin Ethan Tu, Chun-Hua Hsu, Hsueh-Fen Juan, Chun-Wei Tung, Chien-Yu Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; molecular docking; HIV protease inhibitor; nucleotide analogues

Online: 29 February 2020 (12:43:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0216.v2

In-Stream Energy by Tidal and Wind-Driven Currents: An Analysis for the Gulf of California

Vanesa Magar, Victor M. Godínez, Markus S. Gross, Manuel López-Mariscal, Anahí Bermúdez-Romero, Julio Candela, Luis Zamudio

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: tidal power density; in-stream renewable energy; peak spring tide flow; annual energy production; Gulf of California

Online: 24 February 2020 (03:14:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0308.v1

Pharmacoinformatics and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies Reveal Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease 3CL^pro

Mubarak A. Alamri, Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar, Safar M. Alqahtani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 3CL protease; molecular docking; molecular dynamics and simulations

Online: 23 February 2020 (02:17:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0283.v1

Emerging Understanding of Etiology and Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China

Daibing Zhou, Peng Zhang, Chen Bao, Youzhi Zhang, Ning Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Etiology; Epidemiology; COVID-19; Wuhan

Online: 19 February 2020 (11:58:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0268.v1

Stratosphere–Troposphere Exchange and O₃ Decline in the Lower Stratosphere over Irene SHADOZ Site, South Africa

Thumeka Mkololo, Nkanyiso Mbatha, Sivakumar Venkataraman, Nelson Begue, Gerrie Coetzee, Casper Labuschagne

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ozone enhancement; Irene; ozone decline; potential vorticity; ozonesondes

Online: 18 February 2020 (11:25:41 CET)

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This study aims to investigate the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) events and ozone trends over Irene (25.5°S, 28.1°E). Twelve years of ozonesondes data (2000–2007, 2012–2015) from Irene station operating in the framework of the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesodes (SHADOZ) was used to study the troposphere (0–16 km) and stratosphere (17– 28 km) ozone (O₃) vertical profiles. Ozone profiles were grouped into three categories (2000–2003, 2004–2007 and 2012–2015) and average composites were calculated for each category. Fifteen O₃ enhancement events were identified over the study period. These events were observed in all seasons (one event in summer, four events in autumn, five events in winter and five events in spring), however, they predominantly occur in winter and spring. The STE events presented here are observed to be influenced by the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex. During the STE events, the advected potential vorticity maps assimilated using Modélisation Isentrope du transport Méso–échelle de l’Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection (MIMOSA) model for the 350 K (~12–13 km) isentropic level indicated a transport of high latitude air masses which seems to be responsible for the reduction of the O₃ mole fractions at the lower stratosphere over Irene which takes place at the same time with the enhancement of ozone in the upper troposphere. In general, the stratosphere is dominated by higher Modern Retrospective Analysis for Research Application (MERRA-2) potential vorticity (PV) values compared to the troposphere. However, during the STE events, higher PV values from the stratosphere were observed to intrude the troposphere. Ozone decline was observed from 12 km to 24 km with highest decline occurring from 14 km to 18 km. An average decrease of 6.0 and 9.1% was calculated from 12 to 24 km in 2004–2007 and 2012–2015 respectively. The observed decline occurred in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with winter and spring showing more decline compared with summer and autumn.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Characterization of Essential Fatty Acid Semicarbazide (EFASC) from Linum usitatissium as a Safe and Effective Adjuvant

Mayyada Darweesh, Ahmad Hady, Hayat salman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: essential fatty acid semi carbazide; ID50; IL-4; IL-12

Online: 18 February 2020 (11:15:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0238.v1

Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A (MEF2A) Defines Oxytocin-Induced Morphological Effects and Regulates Mitochondrial Function in Neurons

Magdalena Meyer, Kerstin Kuffner, Julia Winter, Inga D. Neumann, Christian H. Wetzel, Benjamin Jurek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: oxytocin; cellular morphology; neurite outgrowth; neurite retraction; autism; MEF2A; CRISPR-Cas; hyperconnectivity

Online: 17 February 2020 (03:44:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0234.v1

Sequence Properties of the MAAP Protein and of the VP1 Capsid Protein of Adeno-Associated Viruses

David G. Karlin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: adeno-associated virus; protein sequence analysis; overlapping genes; amino acid depletion; cysteine depletion; tyrosine depletion; capsid design; membrane-binding amphipathic helix

Online: 17 February 2020 (02:42:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0233.v1

Wind Speed Prediction Using a Hybrid Model of the Multi-Layer Perceptron and Whale Optimization Algorithm

Saeed Samadianfard, Sajjad Hashemi, Katayoun Kargar, Mojtaba Izadyar, Ali Mostafaeipour, Amir Mosavi, Narjes Nabipour

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: wind power; machine learning; hybrid model; prediction; whale optimization algorithm

Online: 17 February 2020 (02:22:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0202.v1

Forage Performance and Detection of Marker Trait Associations with Potential for Napier Grass (Cenchrus Purpureus) Improvement

Ermias Habte, Meki S. Muktar, Asebe Abdena, Jean Hanson, Alieu M. Sartie, Alemayehu Teressa Negawo, Juarez Machado, Franscisco ledo, Chris S. Jones

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Napier grass; elephant grass; EMBRAPA; forage yield; feed quality; marker trait association

Online: 15 February 2020 (15:01:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0163.v1

The Observation Path Problems and the Formation Conditions of the Elevated Layer of Black Carbon Aerosol

Lianji Jin, Liang Lin, Deping Ding, Delong Zhao, Bin Zhu, Qingfei Zhai, Zheng Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: black carbon aerosol; aerosol layer; vertical distribution; numerical simulation; WRF-Chem

Online: 13 February 2020 (10:13:31 CET)

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Studies on the detection of layers with elevated black carbon aerosol (BC) concentrations and the formation conditions of these layers help understand the vertical distribution of BC concentrations, which will provide a basis for the assessment of climate effects and early BC pollution warnings. By using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) numerical model, we performed a numerical simulation analysis on the authenticity of strong elevated BC concentration layers that were detected by an aircraft in the mixing layer over Harbin, China, which is a high-emission area, on a clear sunny afternoon in the early heating period of 2016. We then discuss possible problems and solutions when non-vertical paths are used to detect the vertical distribution of BC concentrations. Finally, we discuss the favorable conditions for the formation of elevated BC concentration layers by weak vertical flow. The results show that the horizontal variability of BC concentration in the mixing layer in the observation area in Harbin was sufficiently large during the measurement. This produced a false elevated layer, as detected by the aircraft during one round of spiral flight in the mixing layer. The root mean square of the horizontal distribution of BC concentration did not change with height in the mixing layer during the daytime, but it decreased with the thickness of the mixing layer and was higher in the mixing layer than in the free atmosphere. Therefore, the thinner the mixing layer, in which the vertical distribution of the BC concentration is detected in an inclined path, the stronger interference of the horizontal variability on the detected results. When a spiral flight detection path is used, the aircraft should fly at least two rounds in the mixing layer. In the daytime, due to strong turbulence in the mixing layer, weak vertical uplift is not favorable for the occurrence of elevated BC concentration layers in the mixing layer. In the nighttime, if weak vertical uplift is well matched with the BC concentration or its vertical gradient, elevated BC concentration layers can be formed in the atmosphere. Compared with upper layers far from the ground, nighttime elevated layers are easier to form in lower layers near the ground because high BC concentrations or large vertical gradients are more likely to occur in the lower layers. Both cases facilitate the occurrence of large vertical upward transport rates of BC.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0083.v1

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Related with Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Schoolchildren Aged 6-13

José Francisco López-Gil, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Antonio García-Hermoso, Juan Luis Yuste-Lucas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Behavioral Sciences Keywords: Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Muscle Strength; Feeding Patterns; Life Style; Children

Online: 6 February 2020 (10:27:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0082.v1

Investigating the Gut Microbiota Composition of Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Association with Symptoms

Joanna Szopinska-Tokov, Sarita Dam, Jilly Naaijen, Prokopis Konstanti, Nanda Rommelse, Clara Belzer, Jan Buitelaar, Barbara Franke, Esther Aarts, Alejandro Arias Vasquez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: gut microbiota; ADHD; 16S rRNA gene; Inattention

Online: 6 February 2020 (10:25:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0062.v1

Structural Comparison of Diverse HIV-1 Subtypes using Molecular Modelling and Docking Analyses of Integrase Inhibitors

Darren Isaacs, Sello Given Mikasi, Adetayo Emmanuel Obasa, George Mondinde Ikomey, Ruben Cloete, Graeme Brandon Jacobs

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Integrase; HIV-1; Naturally occurring polymorphism; diversity; Molecular Modelling; Molecular Docking

Online: 5 February 2020 (11:02:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0043.v3

An Isolated Complex V Inefficiency and Dysregulated Mitochondrial Function in Immortalized Lymphocytes from ME/CFS Patients

Daniel Missailidis, Sarah Annesley, Claire Allan, Oana Sanislav, Brett Lidbury, Donald Lewis, Paul Fisher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; mitochondria; Complex V; TORC1; Seahorse respirometry

Online: 3 February 2020 (09:34:29 CET)

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Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by exacerbation of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise or “PEM”), and by fatigue whose severity and associated requirement for rest are excessive and disproportionate to the fatigue-inducing activity. There is no definitive molecular marker or known underlying pathological mechanism for the condition. Increasing evidence for aberrant energy metabolism suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ME/CFS. Our objective was therefore to measure mitochondrial function and cellular stress sensing in actively metabolising patient blood cells. We immortalized lymphoblasts isolated from 51 ME/CFS patients diagnosed according to the Canadian Consensus Criteria and an age- and gender-matched control group. Parameters of mitochondrial function and energy stress sensing were assessed by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, and an array of additional biochemical assays. As a proportion of the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the rate of ATP synthesis by Complex V was significantly reduced in ME/CFS lymphoblasts, while significant elevations were observed in Complex I OCR, maximum OCR, spare respiratory capacity, nonmitochondrial OCR and “proton leak” as a proportion of the basal OCR. This was accompanied by a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, chronically hyperactivated TOR Complex I stress signalling and upregulated expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, fatty acid transporters and enzymes of the β-oxidation and TCA cycles. By contrast, mitochondrial mass and genome copy number, as well as glycolytic rates and steady state ATP levels were unchanged. Our results suggest a model in which ME/CFS lymphoblasts have a Complex V defect accompanied by compensatory upregulation of their respiratory capacity that includes the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, membrane transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. This homeostatically returns ATP synthesis and steady state levels to “normal” in the resting cells, but may leave them unable to adequately respond to acute increases in energy demand as the relevant homeostatic pathways are already activated.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0021.v1

PbMoO₄Synthesis from Ancient Lead and Its Single Crystal Growth for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search

Archad Khan, Pabitra Aryal, Hongjoo Kim, Moo Hyun Lee, Yeongduk Kim

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear And High Energy Physics Keywords: ancient Pb; synthesis; single crystal growth; scintillation; thermally stimulated luminescence

Online: 3 February 2020 (06:06:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0370.v1

CCL11 or Eotaxin-1: An Immune Marker for Ageing and Accelerated Ageing in Neuro-psychiatric Disorders

Mariya Ivanovska, Zakee Abdi, Marianna Murdjeva, Danielle Macedo, Annabel Maes, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: eotaxin; immune marker; neuroinflammation; ageing; neuro-psychiatric disorder

Online: 30 January 2020 (14:42:45 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0311.v1

Assessment of the Atmosphere Composition after Washing, Gas-Freeing and Aerating Processes in Vessel Cargo Tanks

Jerzy Herdzik

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: vessel cargo holds; tank washing; gas-freeing; aerating; atmosphere composition; assessment of safe atmosphere

Online: 26 January 2020 (07:43:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0284.v1

Religious Beliefs and Public Pro-Environmental Behavior in China: the Mediating Role of Environmental Risk Perception

Sheng Zeng, Lin Wu, Tianyuan Liu

Subject: Social Sciences, Religion Keywords: Religious beliefs; Public pro-environmental behavior; Environmental risk perception; China

Online: 24 January 2020 (14:35:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0244.v1

Chronic Mild Stress Modified Epigenetic Mechanisms Leading to Accelerated Senescence and Impaired Cognitive Performance in Mice

Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola, Mirna Martínez-Damas, Christian Griñán-Ferré, Mercè Pallàs

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Stress; epigenetics; senescence; cognition; age-related cognitive decline; Alzheimer’s disease; SAMP8; SAMR1; oxidative stress; inflammation; autophagy

Online: 21 January 2020 (11:44:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0158.v1

Comparative Study of Tensile Properties between Fused Filament Fabricated and Injection-Molded Wood-PLA Composite Parts

M. Damous Zandi, Ramon Jerez-Mesa, Jordi Llumà, Jordi Jorba-Peiro, J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: additive manufacturing; 3D printing; fused filament fabrication; Young's module; tensile strength; Timberfill; PLA; wood-PLA composite

Online: 16 January 2020 (07:38:26 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Cannabis Microbiome and the Role of Endophytes in Modulating the Production of Secondary Metabolites: An Overview

Suha Jabaji, Meysam Taghinasab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cananbis sativa; marijuana; hemp; microbiome; endophytes; secondary metabolites; Cannabinoids

Online: 15 January 2020 (07:04:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0102.v2

Applications of Non-Standard Analysis in Topoi to Mathematical Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence: Infons, Energons, Receptons (I)

Ileana Ruxandra Badea, Carmen-Elena Mocanu, Ovidiu Pasarescu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: non-standard analysis; topos theory; artificial intelligence; brain studies; intuitionistic logic

Online: 3 August 2020 (08:24:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0091.v1

Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoking: Co-Drivers of Increased Burden of Lung Cancer in Europe

Maybin Kalubula, Heqing Shen, Longjian Liu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: lung cancer; Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5); secondhand smoking; cigarette smoking

Online: 10 January 2020 (04:59:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0081.v1

Synthesis and in vitro Photocytotoxicity of 9-/13-lipophilic Substituted Berberine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents

Hong-Jhih Lin, Jinn-Hsuan Ho, Li-Chen Tsai, Fang-Yu Yang, Ling-Ling Yang, Cheng-Deng Kuo, Lih-Geeng Chen, Yi-Wen Liu, Jin-Yi Wu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Berberine; Lipophilic substituent; Anti-cancer activity; Photocytotoxicity; Reactive oxygen species

Online: 9 January 2020 (11:30:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0048.v2

The Role of Nanofluids and Renewable Energy in the Development of Sustainable Desalination Systems: A Review

Tejvir Singh, Muataz Ali Atieh, Tareq Al-Ansari, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Gordon McKay

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: thermal desalination; reverse osmosis; advanced heat transfer fluids; sustainable desalination practices; integrated solar thermal nanofluids based desalination

Online: 9 January 2020 (08:39:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0069.v1

Biochemical Pathways and Enhanced Degradation of Dioctyl Phthalate (DEHP) by Sodium Alginate Immobilization in MBR System

Ke Zhang, Xiangling Wu, Hongbing Luo, Wei Wang, Siqiao Yang, Jian Chen, Wei Chen, Jia Chen, You Mo, Lin Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: DEHP; biochemical pathways; immobilization; MBR; bacterial community dynamics

Online: 9 January 2020 (05:00:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0365.v1

Acute Coronary Syndromes in Pregnant Women: Diagnosis, Potential Causes, Roadmap in Treatment, Experimental Studies and Hypotheses

Ertunc Simdi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome; STEMI; Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection; NSTEMI; Vasospastic Angina; Preeclampsia; Eclampsia; Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus

Online: 27 December 2019 (10:41:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0359.v1

Identifying the Frequency Dependent Interactions Between Ocean Waves and The Continental Margin on Seismic Noise Recordings

Zhen Guo, Yu Huang, Adnan Aydin, Mei Xue

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: ocean waves; double-frequency microseisms; continental margin; continental slope

Online: 27 December 2019 (07:59:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0356.v1

Evaluation of Erythroferrone, Hepcidin, and Iron Overload Status in Iraqi Transfusion-dependent β-Thalassemia Major Patients

Hasan Smesam, Hasan Qazmooz, Sareh Arjmand, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Seyed Omid Ranaei‐Siadat,

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Beta-thalassemia, Erythroferrone, Ferritin, Hepcidin, Iron overload

Online: 26 December 2019 (12:37:36 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Wheat Biomass Estimation in Different Growth Stage Based on Color and Texture Features of UAV Images

Yanyang Liu, Tianle Yang, Chen Chen, Tao Liu, Chengming Sun, Wei Wu, Zhaosheng Yao, Dunliang Wang, Rui Li, Zhongyang Huo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: wheat; UAV image; color index; texture feature index; biomass

Online: 26 December 2019 (12:27:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0315.v1

Compound Lactobacillus sp. Administration Ameliorates Stress and Body Growth Through Gut Microbiota Optimization on Piglet Model

Jiajun Yang, Chonglong Wang, Kehe Huang, Minhong Zhang, Jing Wang, Xiaocheng Pan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Lactobacillus; piglet; weaning; gut microbiota; growth enhancement.

Online: 24 December 2019 (10:59:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0243.v1

A Systematic Literature Review of Animal Assisted Interventions in Oncology (Part II):Theoretical Mechanisms and Frameworks

Timothy Holder, Margaret Gruen, David Roberts, Tamara Somers, Alper Bozkurt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: animal-assisted interventions; animal-assisted activities; animal-assisted therapy; oncology; cancer; human-animal bond; mechanisms; theoretical frameworks

Online: 19 December 2019 (06:45:23 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0236.v1

Tips on Constructing Inclusive and Equitable Guided Microlearning Inquiry Questions to Clarify Topics in General Biology

Robert Kao

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: microlearning; culturally-responsive teaching; inclusion; equity; life science education

Online: 18 December 2019 (04:27:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0225.v1

Adoption of ICT-based Information Sources and Market Participation among Smallholder Livestock Farmers in South Africa

Christopher Ugochukwu Nwafor, Abiodun, A. Ogundeji, Carlu van der Westhuizen

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: double hurdle; ICTs; market participation; information source; probit; regression model; smallholder farmer; livestock

Online: 17 December 2019 (09:59:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0157.v1

High Performance Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Material: Effects of Preparation Methods on Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties

Qiming Liu, Huali Zhu, Jun Liu, Xiongwei Liao, Zhuolin Tang, Cankai Zhou, Mengming Yuan, Junfei Duan, Lingjun Li, Zhaoyong Chen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: lithium-rich layered oxide; cathode material; 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.8Ni0.1Co0.1O2; voltage decay; co-precipitation method; sol–gel method

Online: 12 December 2019 (02:05:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0085.v1

A Compact Micro-Bolometer Array for Mid-Infrared Laser Beam Alignment, Diagnostics and Spot-Size Measurement

Ian Clark, Michael Towrie

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: beam profiler; bolometer; laser spot-size; infrared; infrared spectroscopy; time-resolved spectroscopy

Online: 7 December 2019 (00:11:31 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Hierarchical Structure of the Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Endocarp: Functional Morphology and Its Influence on Fracture Toughness

Stefanie Schmier, Naoe Hosoda, Thomas Speck

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cocos nucifera; coconut endocarp; hierarchical structure; functional morphology; fracture toughening mechanisms

Online: 5 December 2019 (03:39:14 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0046.v1

A Hypothesis of Symbiosis between Humans and Poliovirus as a Critical Evolutionary Step in Human Speciation

Adnan Saeed Amin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: symbiosis; speciation; humans; polio; CD155; PVR; evolution; ASD; autism

Online: 4 December 2019 (11:09:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0380.v1

Research in TESOL: An Investigation of Trends and Types of Research over the Last Ten Years

Waheeb Albiladi

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: TESOL; English teaching; ESL; EFL; teaching methodology research interests

Online: 30 November 2019 (04:41:57 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Immunochromatographic System for Serodiagnostics of Cattle Brucellosis Using Gold Nanoparticles and Signal Amplification with Quantum Dots

Dmitriy Sotnikov, Lyubov Barshevskaya, Anatoly Zherdev, Saule Eskendirova, Kassym Mukanov, Kanatbek Mukantayev, Yerlan Ramankulov, Boris Dzantiev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: veterinary diagnostics; lateral flow tests; rapid tests; functionalized nanoparticles; signal enhancement; cow diseases

Online: 28 November 2019 (11:07:05 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0345.v1

A Review on Molecular Functional and Structural Characterization of Human Cysteine Cathepsins in Bacterial Expression Systems

Ruwini Cooray, Hasanka Madubashetha, Lakshan Warnakula, P.D.S.U. Wickramasinghe, Nimali De Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cathepsins; cancer; characterization; cysteine; Escherichia coli; expression; molecular

Online: 27 November 2019 (11:09:52 CET)

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Cysteine cathepsins, a class of proteinaceous enzymes, regulate a wide variety of metabolic processes in human including protein breakdown and turnover and immune functions. Eleven cysteine cathepsins have been identified so far and a wide array of studies related to identifying their specific functions, regulation and distribution patterns in tissues have been conducted. However, in recent past, the association of cysteine cathepsins in occurrence and progression of cancers have been identified and this has caused unrest in scientists triggering them to investigate the physiology, biochemical pathways and interactions of these cathepsins in cancer metastasis and therefore has become a noteworthy topic of intensive research. This review focusses and collects together the published work on molecular functional and structural characterization studies that have been done so far on in vitro expression of genes encoding for cysteine cathepsins in the Escherichia coli bacterial expression system. Accordingly, it was found out that all cathepsins except for cathepsins K, C, H, X and W have been expressed this way and the majority of them were found to be expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS expression host via pET3 expression vector. In addition, it was also noted that in most of the expression studies, the substrate that was used to validate the enzymatic activity of the recombinant enzyme that was produced was a cysteine residue along with a benzyloxy-carbonyl salt. Through this review, the authors suggest that there is a very high need that all cysteine cathepsins need to be characterized both structurally and functionally on a molecular platform to better understand their interactions including the biochemical pathways. It is also momentous that the mass production of the recombinant forms of these enzymes are facilitated via expression in such bacterial expression systems and in turn, would also provide a strong platform for the development and progression of studies related to human physiology including oncological studies such as cancer metastasis. Moreover, as per biochemical features of the enzymes that could be identified, the production of efficient inhibitors or inducers as per the necessity to improve health and promote wellbeing among the mankind could be facilitated.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0284.v1

Conceptual Design optimization of a Blended Wing Body (BWB) Aircraft Using Flying and Handling Qualities Assessment

Clayton Humphreys-Jennings, Ilias Lappas, Dragos Mihai Sovar

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: blended wing body (BWB); aircraft conceptual design; engineering flight simulator; flying and handling qualities; aircraft stability

Online: 27 November 2019 (03:28:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0313.v1

Development of a Current Sensor with Broad Current Measurement Range Using High- and Low-Range Parts

JungWon shin, Shinwon Kang, SaeWan Kim

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Current sensor; Hall effect; Hall IC; Rogowski coil; Current transformer

Online: 26 November 2019 (10:53:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0270.v1

Determining the Impact of Riparian Wetlands on Nutrient Cycling, Storage and Export in Permeable Agricultural Catchments

Penny J. Johnes, Daren C. Gooddy, Timothy H. E. Heaton, Andrew Binley, Michael P. Kennedy, Paul Shand, Hannah Prior

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: nitrogen; phosphorus; nutrient cycling; biogeochemistry; geochemistry; geophysics; wetlands; catchment management

Online: 24 November 2019 (05:05:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0230.v1

Characteristics of the Concentric Eyewall Structure of Super Typhoon Muifa during Its Formation and Replacement Processes

Tonggui Bo, Yudi Liu, Dawei Li, Lang Huang, Yi Yu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: concentric eyewall; typhoon; eyewall replacement; hydrometeor; potential vortex

Online: 19 November 2019 (10:18:02 CET)

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To explore the characteristics of the concentric eyewall of a typhoon during its formation and replacement processes, with Super Typhoon Muifa in 2011 as the example case, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) mode was used to carry out a numerical simulation to reproduce the entire formation and replacement processes of the concentric eyewall. The physical quantities such as the tangential wind speed, radar echo, radial wind speed, vertical wind speed, and potential vortex were diagnosed and analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the outward expansion of the isovelocity in the lower troposphere was the early signal of the formation of the outer eyewall. After the outer eyewall formed, there was a center of second-highest tangential wind speed in the corresponding area. The second-highest wind speed increased as the strength of the outer eyewall increased, and the position of the second-highest wind speed center was retracted with the retraction of the outer eyewall. The tangential wind speed of the moat area was smaller than that corresponding to the concentric eyewall and this feature gradually disappeared with the increase of the height. The echo in the moat area was weak, and this characteristic was particularly evident when the moat area was relatively wide and the outer eyewall was relatively strong. With the formation and development of the outer eyewall, the intensity of the inflow in the boundary layer corresponding to the inner eyewall was reduced, the intensity of the outflow in the upper layers declined, and the intensities of the inflow and outflow corresponding to the outer eyewall were enhanced. After the second outer eyewall matured, there was a significant inflow in the upper layer of the moat area. Once the outer eyewall formed, a large amount of hydrometeors appeared in the corresponding area, and there was a strong ascending motion inside that area. The strength of the ascending motion and the content of hydrometeors increased as the outer eyewall increased. When the moat area was relatively wide, the divergent airflow generated by the developed outer eyewall in the upper layer would produce a significant descending motion in the moat area.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Effects of Tunnel-Soil-Structure Interaction and Tunnel Location on the Seismic Response of Steel Structures

Arash Rostami

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: seismic interaction; tunnel-soil-structure; steel structures; drift; seismic response

Online: 15 November 2019 (04:10:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0103.v1

The Halogen-Bond Nature in Noble Gas-Dihalogen Complexes from Scattering Experiments and Ab-Initio Calculations

Francesca Nunzi, Benedetta Di Erasmo, Francesco Tarantelli, David Cappelletti, Fernando Pirani

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: cross sections; molecular beam scattering; charge trasfer; coupled cluster; excited states; ionization potential; electron affinity; interaction potential; stereoselectivity

Online: 10 November 2019 (09:53:18 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Investigate the Co-Movement Relationship between Medical Expenditure and GDP in Taiwan – Base on Wavelet Analysis

Hsin-Pei Hsueh, Chien-Ming Wang, Cheng-Feng Wu, Fangjhy Li

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: gross domestic product; medical expenditures; Wavelet analysis; co-movement relationship; health insurance

Online: 7 November 2019 (04:09:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0018.v1

Suicide Overall and Suicide by Pesticide among South Korean Workers: A 15-Year Population-Based Study

Yangwoo Kim, Jeehee Min, Soo-Jin Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: suicide rate; suicide by pesticide; occupational group; suicide prevention; south korea; population-based study

Online: 3 November 2019 (15:46:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0329.v1

Prospects for hermetic sealing of scaled-up photoelectrochemical hydrogen generators for reliable and risk free operation

Sonya Calnan, Stefan Aschbrenner, Fuxi Bao, Erno Kemppainen, Iris Dorbandt, Rutger Schaltmann

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: photoelectrochemical; solar hydrogen generator; hermetic sealing, reliability, safety, scale- up

Online: 29 October 2019 (10:19:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0328.v1

Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake, in a National Adult Population Sample of the Republic of Moldova

Lanfranco D’Elia, Galina Obreja, Angela Ciobanu, Joao Breda, Jo Jewell, Francesco Paolo Cappuccio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Republic of Moldova; salt; sodium; potassium; iodine; population

Online: 29 October 2019 (10:15:58 CET)

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In the Republic of Moldova, nearly 90% of all deaths are due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), tha majority of which (58%) are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Excess salt (sodium) and inadequate potassium intakes are associated with high CVD. Moreover, salt iodisation is the preferred policy to prevent iodine deficiency and associated disorders. However, there is no survey that has directly measured sodium, potassium and iodine consumption in adults in the Republic of Moldova. The aim is to estimate population sodium, potassium and iodine intakes and explore knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (KAB) towards the use of salt, amongst the adult population in the Republic of Moldova. Proportional random samples of adults were obtained from 28 of the 37 Districts and Municipalities and one Administrative Territorial Unit of Moldova. Participants attended a screening including demographic, anthropometric and physical measurements. Dietary sodium, potassium and iodine intakes were assessed by 24h urinary sodium (UNa), potassium (UK) and iodine (UI) excretions. Creatinine was measured. KAB was collected by questionnaire. Eight hundred and fifty-eight participants (326 men and 532 women, 18–69 years) were included in the analysis (response rate 66%). Mean age was 48.5 yrs (SD 13.8). Mean UNa was 172.7 (79.3) mmoL/day, equivalent to 10.8 g of salt/day and potassium excretion 72.7 (31.5) mmoL/day, equivalent to 3.26 g/day. Men ate more sodium and potassium than women. Only 11.3% of the sample had a salt intake below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended target of 5 g/day and approximately 39% met WHO targets for potassium excretion (>90 mmoL/day). Whilst 81.7% declared limiting their consumption of processed food and over 70% declared not adding salt at the table, only 8.8% looked at sodium content of food, 31% still added salt when cooking and less than 1% took other measures to control salt consumption. Measures of awareness were significantly more common in urban compared to rural areas. Mean urinary iodine was 225 (SD: 152; median 196) mcg/24h, with no difference between sexes. According to WHO criteria, 41.0% had adequate iodine intake, 28.6% had intake below requirements and 17.8% and 12.6% had above requirement or excessive levels, respectively. Iodine content of salt table was 21.0 (SD: 18.6) mg/kg, with no difference between men and women. However, the content was lower in rural than urban areas (16.7 [SD: 18.6] vs 28.1 [SD: 16.5] mg/kg, p<0.001). There were weak or no correlations between urinary sodium and iodine excretions, and between urinary iodine excretion and iodine concentration in the table salt used in the participants’ households, indicating that in most cases participants were not using iodised salt as their main source of salt, more so in rural areas. In the Republic of Moldova, salt consumption is unequivocally high, potassium consumption is lower than recommended, both in men and in women, whilst iodine intake is still inadequate in 1 in 3 people, although severe iodine deficiency is rare. Salt consumed is often not iodised, with less iodised salt being used in rural areas.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0273.v1

Growth Rate of Gravity Wave Amplitudes Observed in Sodium Lidar Density Profiles and Nightglow Image Data

Fabio Vargas, Guotao Yang, Paulo Batista, Delano Gobbi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: all-sky imager; sodium lidar; gravity waves; mesosphere nightglow; growth rate; wave dissipation

Online: 24 October 2019 (05:46:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0255.v1

Effectiveness of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Biofilm Disruptors and Resistance Breakers in Gram-negative (ESKAPEE) Bacteria

Akif Reza, J. Mark Sutton, Khondaker Miraz Rahman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; biofilm; efflux pump inhibitors; antibiotic potentiation; eskapee pathogens; gram-negative bacteria

Online: 22 October 2019 (10:22:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0254.v1

Extending the Shelf-Life of White Peach Fruit with 1-Methylcyclopropene and Aloe arborescens Edible Coating

Giuseppe Sortino, Filippo Saletta, Stefano Puccio, Dario Scuderi, Paolo Inglese, Vittorio Farina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Prunus persica; edible coating; 1-methylcycyclopropene; Aloe spp; post-harvest quality

Online: 22 October 2019 (05:36:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0237.v1

Geochemical Anomaly Separation by Statistical and Fractal Methods in the Sehezar Valley of Tonekabon – Northern Iran

Meysam Yazdani, Firouz Alinia

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: Sehezar; geochemical anomaly separation; threshold; factor analysis; cluster analysis; concentration - area fractal

Online: 20 October 2019 (16:53:36 CEST)

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Sehezar area is located in southern Tonokabon in Mazandaran province, north of Iran, near the Tarom – Hashdtjin belt. The existence of granitoid masses in the region can be important in terms of the potential of mineralization. Geochemical anomaly separation from the background is one of the important steps in mineral exploration. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods (like univariate, bivariate, multivariate statistics), spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. To identify the anomalous area, 71 stream sediment samples were collected from the area and analyzed by the ICP-MS method, and then interpreted. Initially, data were normalized and afterwards, univariate analysis (threshold limit and screening (P.N) methods) was used, in which results of the probable and definite anomaly of the threshold method were confirmed by the P.N screening method. Finally, the maps of the anomal zones were drawn. Then, bivariate analysis (Pearson correlation coefficients) and multivariate analysis on normal data were performed on SPSS software, in which factor analysis and cluster analysis were used for multivariate analysis. As a result of using the factor analysis method, six factors were identified and factor maps were drawn by the Surfer software. Also, by using cluster analysis, the variables were divided into two groups. In order for a better separation of the geochemical anomaly from the background, in addition to the threshold method, the Concentration - Area fractal method was used. Here, the fractal geometry using full-logarithmic graphs of the Concentration - Area obtained is capable of separating the stairs of different sections (background, threshold, and anomaly) with respect to the angle coefficient of the Concentration - Area plot. Then, in conclusion, results of these methods were compared and investigated, and finally, the anomalies area maps of the Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, W elements were drawn by Concentration - Area fractal and threshold methods and anomalous zones were introduced.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0235.v1

Climate Change and Fading Genetic Resources of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) in Nigeria Based on SSR Markers

Jacob Popoola, James Agbolade, Abiodun Ajiboye, Omotolani Akinola, Francis Lewu, Joseph Kioko, Conrad Omonhinmin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: African locust bean; climate change; cluster analysis; genetic intra-specific diversity; polymorphic information content; food and nutrition security

Online: 20 October 2019 (16:01:21 CEST)

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African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) is a multi-purpose economic tree with genetic potentials in sub-Saharan Africa. Its cultivation and production is declining with increased aging and genetically threatened throughout its natural ranges. Research efforts are needed to change the present scenario to sustainable cultivation and utilization, hence this present study. This study was aimed at evaluating genetic diversity and geographical spread relationships of twenty landraces collected from different ecological zones of Nigeria using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Ten SSR markers were screened and five primers (PbL02, PbL03, PbL04, PbL05 and PbL09) were selected based on clear amplification products and reproducible scorable bands. The SSR primers detected a total of 55 alleles ranged from 10 to 14 alleles with a mean of 11. The percentage polymorphisms were high and ranged from 68.75 % in PbL04 to 84.21 % in PbL05 with a mean of 74.16 %. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was in the range of 0.31 in PbL02 to 0.37 in PbL09. The genetic diversity and heterozygosity values ranged from 0.39 to 0.50 and 0.00 to 0.68 while the average genetic distance for all pair wise comparisons was 0.31.The first five Principal Component (PC) accounted for 70.20 % of the total variation out of which PC1 (31.50%) and PC2 (19.20%) extracted 49.70% molecular similarity. The dendrogram resulted in separation of the 19 landraces into three major clusters based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average. Cluster I comprised of five landraces: ABNo130 and BENo023; OYNo11, KANo125 and NiNo262 while cluster II had only one (BANo116). Cluster III was diverse comprising 13 landraces: ZANo188, KNNo162, KENo220, GMNo076 and EbNo260, ADNo64, EdNo164, KANo137, KENo217, KwNo270, NiNo241, OsNo206 and PLNo120. The homogeneity of alleles among the studied landraces suggested suspicion of loss of genetic intra-specific variation among the landraces of P. biglobosa which calls for concerted efforts toward better cultivation, conservation, management, utilization and genetic improvement of the species in Nigeria.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0206.v1

Assessing the Impact of Man–Made Ponds on Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport in Limnological Basins

Mario J. Al Sayah, Rachid Nedjai, Konstantinos Kaffas, Chadi Abdallah, Michel Khouri

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: soil erosion; sediment transport; swat; corine erosion model; ponds, brenne; limnology; land cover change

Online: 18 October 2019 (06:16:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0193.v1

Sodium Chloride-Induced Salt Stress Responses of Antioxidative Activities in Leaves and Roots of Pistachio Rootstock

Mohammad Akbari, Ramesh katam, Rabab Husain, Mostafa Farajpour, Silvia Mazzuca, Nasser Mahna

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: antioxidant enzymes; lipid peroxidation; NaCl; Pistacia vera; rootstock; salinity stress

Online: 17 October 2019 (11:53:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0171.v1

On a Laser (3+1)-Dimensional Vectorial Cubic-Quintic Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation and Modulational Instability

Alain Djazet, Serge I. Fewo, Conrad B. Tabi, Timoléon Crépin Kofané

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: laser cavity; two-level Maxwell-Bloch equations; complex Ginzburg-Landau equation; modulational instability; pattern formation

Online: 16 October 2019 (04:09:00 CEST)

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