Event detection provides a crucial foundation for intelligent text analysis and supports numerous downstream applications. However, existing detection models often fail to meet the high accuracy requirements and typically require a human–machine collaborative detection mode involving “machine detection followed by manual audit and correction.” Analysis reveals that the recall rate of machine detection is a major factor limiting the efficiency of human–machine collaboration. To address this at its root and ensure high recall, an event trigger recommendation task is introduced, and a span-based recommendation model for Chinese, SpETR (Span-based Event Trigger Recommender), is developed. This model integrates confidence information from both trigger identification and event classification stages to recommend candidate triggers and their event types for each event. To enhance recall, a semantic boundary smoothing method is proposed, which assigns soft labels to spans around gold triggers based on semantic completeness and part-of-speech, combined with a modified focal loss function to make the model predictions smoother. Experiments on DuEE and a self-built dataset show that SpETR is most effective when the number of recommendations is set to 3, achieving recall rates of 97.76% and 98.70%, respectively, comprising improvements of 4.30% and 5.22% over the optimal baseline models. In terms of human–machine collaborative detection, SpETR saved 30.6% and 25.8% of time compared to traditional detection models on two datasets, and the average F1 score of the annotation results was also improved by 5.35% and 3.48%, respectively.

We dive into the axion-dilaton model within the supergravity framework, with a specific focus on the intricacies of domain wall construction and stability. Employing holographic vitrification, we unravel the dynamics of domain wall formation in gauge theories featur- ing periodic vacuum structures. Our model, incorporating a QCD-like axion term and a stabilizing dilaton, undergoes scrutiny for conductivity variations under weak disorder. The investigation reveals the model’s resilience, manifesting near-perfect conductivity under mild disorder conditions. However, the rigorous mathematical motivation for the holographic setup demands further elucidation. The scattered nature of our results prompts the neces- sity for a more systematic interpretation of QCD phenomena and conductivity transitions. This study contributes to the mathematical understanding of the axion-dilaton model’s be- havior, highlighting the imperative for a refined holographic framework and a more coherent interpretation of observed phenomena.

Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is a common hereditary condition characterized by mild increases in serum bilirubin levels due to inherited defects in bilirubin metabolism. This review, based on data from peer-reviewed articles and journals spanning from 1977 to January 2024, provides a comprehensive overview of over four decades of research on GS. Early studies primarily focused on defining the clinical and genetic characteristics of the syndrome, laying the foundation for subsequent investigations. More recent research has delved into the genetic mechanisms underlying the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, which has significantly enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of GS. Furthermore, recent studies have shed light on the clinical implications of GS, including its association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality risk, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic factors, bilirubin metabolism, and clinical outcomes. Despite its generally benign nature, thorough research is essential to fully understand the impact of GS on patients' lives. This review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research to deepen our understanding of GS and its broader implications.

Ballastless track has high smoothness, but the laying requirements are strict. Therefore, the maximum span of cable-stayed bridges laying ballastless tracks is 392m. For laying ballastless track structures over larger spans, the deformation characteristics of long-span cable-stayed Bridges under complex loads are incomplete, and the interaction between long-span bridge-track structures is unclear. The influence of wavelength of cosine wave on the track- bridge mapping of different orbital structures was explored. The wavelength characteristics of vertical deformation under complex loads were investigated. The track-bridge integrated model for the cable-stayed bridge was establish to analyze the mapping relationship between rail and bridge and wavelength characteristics of deformation. Based on mapping relationships and wavelength characteristics of deformation, the Train-Track-Bridge dynamic simulation model was simplified. The results show that when the minimum wavelength of bridge deformation surpasses 6 m, 10 m, and 16 m, the rail deformation in the ballasted track, the longitudinal-connected track, and the unit slab-type ballastless track accurately mirrors the deformation of the bridge. For the span of bridge ranging from 200 m to 600 m, the wavelength of vertical deformation ranges from 21 to 1270 m under complex loads. During local loads, the vertical deformation below the 200 m wavelength constitutes a significant proportion near the pie. Considering the influence of the deformation on train vibration response, the Train-Bridge dynamic coupling model can be employed to treat the track structure as a load to reduce complexity of model and enhance the calculation efficiency.

A large body of evidence reports about the positive effects of physical activity in pathophysiological conditions associated with aging. Physical exercise, alone or in combination with other medical therapies, unquestionably causes reduction of symptoms in chronic non-transmissible diseases often leading to significant amelioration or complete healing. The molecular basis of this exciting outcome, however, remain largely obscure. Epigenetics, exploring at the interface between environmental signals and the remodelling of chromatin structure, promises to shed light on this intriguing matter possibly contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we shall focalize on the role of sirtuins (Sirts) a class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) which function has been frequently associated, often with a controversial role, to the pathogenesis of aging-associated pathophysiological conditions including cancer, cardiovascular, muscular, neurodegenerative, bones and respiratory diseases. Numerous studies, in fact, demonstrate that Sirt-dependent pathways are activated upon physical and cognitive exercises linking mitochondrial function, DNA structure remodelling and gene expression regulation to designed medical therapies leading to tangible beneficial outcomes. However, in similar conditions, other studies assign to sirtuins a negative pathophysiological role. In spite of this controversial effect, it is doubtless that studying sirtuins in chronic diseases might lead to an unprecedented improvement of life quality in the elderly.

This case report demonstrates the rare but potentially serious complication of pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) diagnosed several years after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein stenosis can remain asymptomatic until significant occlusion occurs, after which it can present with a variety of symptoms, mimicking numerous cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies. Early diagnosis and treatment rely on consistent follow-up using appropriate diagnostic imaging modalities, which are paramount in preventing severe complications.

The document sets out three differentiated proposals for the transport of medicines through RPAS with their respective regulations, adapted to different operational categories: open category, special category and military scope. In the open category, an economical and efficient solution is prioritized for urban and rural areas, complying with weight and height regulations, in addition to guaranteeing the stability and quality of medications during transportation. The special category allows more complex operations and in more adverse conditions, such as densely populated areas and long routes, incorporating advanced security measures and training for personnel. In the military field, RPAS are used in conflict zones and hard-to-reach areas, ensuring the safe and rapid delivery of medical supplies under extreme conditions. Success stories in different countries are highlighted, demonstrating significant improvements in delivery times and risk reduction for health personnel.

We delve into the axion-dilaton model within the supergravity framework, with a specific focus on the intricacies of domain wall construction and stability. Employing holographic vitrification, we unravel the dynamics of domain wall formation in gauge theories featuring periodic vacuum structures. Our model, incorporating a QCD-like axion term and a stabilizing dilaton, undergoes scrutiny for conductivity variations under weak disorder. The investigation reveals the model's resilience, manifesting near-perfect conductivity under mild disorder conditions. However, the rigorous mathematical motivation for the holographic setup demands further elucidation. The scattered nature of our results prompts the necessity for a more systematic interpretation of QCD phenomena and conductivity transitions. This study contributes to the mathematical understanding of the axion-dilaton model's behavior, highlighting the imperative for a refined holographic framework and a more coherent interpretation of observed phenomena.

As Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCD) increase, preventive approaches become more crucial. In this review, Calorie Restriction (CR) effects on human beings were evaluated, comparing benefits and risks of different CR diets: classic CR vs ketosis-inducing diets, including Intermittent Fasting (IF), Classic Ketogenic Diet (CKD), Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD), Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) and Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet (SKMD). Special emphasis on Insulin Resistance (IR) was placed, as it mediates Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a risk factor for CNCD, and predicts MS diagnosis. CR is the most robust intervention known to increase lifespan and health span, with high evidence and known biochemical mechanisms. CR improves cardiometabolic risk parameters, boosts exercise insulin sensitivity response, and there may be benefits of implementing moderate CR on healthy young and middle-aged individuals. However, there is insufficient evidence to support long-term CR. CKD is effective for weight and MS management, and may have additional benefits such as prevention of muscle loss and appetite control. SKMD has extreme significance benefits for all the metabolic parameters studied. Studies show inconsistent benefits of IF compared to classic CR. More studies are required to study biochemical parameters, reinforce evidence, identify risks, and seek effective and safe nutritional CR approaches.

Epoxy asphalt (EA) concrete is widely used in constructing long-span steel bridge pavements (SBDPs). This study aims to derive a fatigue damage evolution law, conducting an experimental investigation of SBDP. First, a general theoretical form of the fatigue damage evolution law of materials is established based on the thermal motion of atoms. Then, fatigue experiments demonstrate that this evolution law well represents the known damage–life relationships of SBDP. Taking into account the experimental relationships between damage and fatigue life under symmetrical cyclic loadings with different overload amplitudes and temperature variations, a detailed damage evolution law is deduced. Finally, the role of damage accumulation is discussed on the basis of the proposed damage evolution law for the extreme situation of heavy overload and severe environments. The results show that both heavy loading and falling temperatures increase the fatigue damage of SBDP considerably; therefore, SBDP should avoid heavy loading combined with winter temperatures. EA shows a fatigue life two to three times longer than that of modified matrix asphalt (SMA) or guss asphalt (GA). For the same thickness, EA pavement is demonstrated to be more suitable for an anti-fatigue design of large-span SBDP under high traffic flows and low temperatures.

This paper introduces an innovative theoretical framework for quantum-inspired data embeddings, grounded in foundational concepts of quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement. This approach aims to advance semi-supervised learning in contexts characterized by limited labeled data by enabling more intricate and expressive embeddings that capture the underlying structure of the data effectively. Grounded in foundational quantum mechanics concepts such as superposition and entanglement, this approach redefines data representation by enabling more intricate and expressive embeddings. Emulating quantum superposition encodes each data point as a probabilistic amalgamation of multiple feature states, facilitating a richer, multidimensional representation of underlying structures and patterns. Additionally, quantum-inspired entanglement mechanisms are harnessed to model intricate dependencies between labeled and unlabeled data, promoting enhanced knowledge transfer and structural inference within the learning paradigm. In contrast to conventional quantum machine learning methodologies that often rely on quantum hardware, this framework is fully realizable within classical computational architectures, thus bypassing the practical limitations of quantum hardware. The versatility of this model is illustrated through its application to critical domains such as medical diagnosis, resource-constrained natural language processing, and financial forecasting—areas where data scarcity impedes the efficacy of traditional models. Experimental evaluations reveal that quantum-inspired embeddings substantially outperform standard approaches, enhancing model resilience and generalization in high-dimensional, low-sample scenarios. This research marks a significant stride in integrating quantum theoretical principles with classical machine learning, broadening the scope of data representation and semi-supervised learning while circumventing the technological barriers of quantum computing infrastructure.

The affinity constant, also known as the equilibrium constant, binding constant, equilibrium association constant, or the reciprocal value, the equilibrium dissociation constant (K_d), can be considered as one of the most important characteristics for any antibody-antigen pair. Many methods based on different technologies have been proposed and used to determine this value. However, since a very large number of publications and commercial datasheets do not include this information, significant obstacles in performing such measurements seem to exist. In other cases where such data are reported, the results have often proved to be unreliable. This situation may indicate that most of the technologies available today require a high level of expertise that does not seem to be available in many laboratories. In this paper, we present a simple approach based on standard immunoassay technology that is easy and quick to perform. It relies on the effect that the molar IC₅₀ approaches the K_d value in the case of infinitely small concentrations of the reagent concentrations. A two-dimensional dilution of the reagents leads to an asymptotic convergence to K_d. The approach has some similarity to the well-known checkerboard titration used for the optimization of immunoassays. A well-known antibody against the FLAG peptide, clone M2, was used as a model system and the results were compared with other methods. This approach could be used in any case where a competitive assay is available or can be developed. The determination of an affinity constant should belong to the crucial parameters in any quality control of antibody-related products and assays and should be mandatory in papers using immunochemical protocols.

Research question/problem: This comprehensive review and comparative analysis aims to investigate the significance of enhancing oxygen provision in the context of COVID-19, focusing on the implications for healthcare policies and services.Background/context: The study addresses the shift in the oxygen dissociation curve of blood in COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the impact on oxygen delivery to tissues and the challenges it poses for clinical management. It also explores the disruption of healthcare systems due to the pandemic and the integration of social determinants of health in clinical environments.Methodology: The research incorporates a thorough literature review, comparative analysis of diverse approaches to oxygen delivery, and examination of successful interventions through case studies and best practices. Data collection techniques include the review of scholarly articles, case studies, and policy documents.Results/Key findings: The study highlights the imperative for augmented oxygen supply and the significance of maintaining appropriate oxygen saturation levels, especially in the context of respiratory illnesses like COVID-19. It also emphasizes the positive correlation between increased oxygen saturation levels and life expectancy, indicating potential health benefits of enhanced oxygen availability.Conclusions/Implications: The findings underscore the need for a structured approach to oxygen therapy and the importance of equitable distribution of oxygen to underserved regions. The implications of the research extend to enhancing healthcare policies and services regarding oxygen provision during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in rural and remote areas.

Long-span steel structure trusses are widely used in factory buildings, but with the growth of service time and the increase of dynamic load fatigue, a considerable part of the long-span truss with dynamic load appears serious transverse cracks at the bottom of the middle span and oblique deformation of the abdomen in the operation process. The U-shaped cracks at the bottom and belly, as well as the mid-span down deflection of the main truss, reduced the functional function of the factory building truss structure, and had to limit the original crane load, which affected the normal safety and durability of the structure. Therefore, the application principle of the variable axial force cable system in the long-span factory building truss structure and 3D3S software modeling [1] were used. Analyzing and studying the reinforcement method of large-span powerhouse truss can provide practical experience for subsequent similar projects. In view of the above phenomenon, the large-span powerhouse trusses of Hongcheng Powerhouse 1 and No.2 located in Tonglu, Zhejiang Province are used as the research object, and the variable axial force cable method is proposed to strengthen and lift the load. Considering the span of large-span powerhouse truss, the cable system with 22m controlling force of 400kN is proposed to be selected for powerhouse 1, and the cable system with variable axial force of 24m is proposed to be selected for Powerhouse 2. The force model of large-span truss is established by using the finite element method commonly used to analyze the force of truss. Under two working conditions, The influence of reinforcement effect is analyzed and compared from three aspects: stiffness, bearing capacity and stability. And the phenomenon of uneven stress distribution is analyzed. The stress distribution characteristics of each node are understood by simulating the most disadvantageous node plates with the greatest internal force before and after reinforcement.

This study delves into the intricate interplay between cosmology and gravity in dilaton-based models, enhancing our understanding. Exploring boundary theories coupled to gravity, we derive a four-dimensional effective theory from the cosmological constant. Dilaton gravity is then scrutinized, revealing elegant solutions and insights into brane embedding. The analysis extends to probe scalar fields, employing the WKB approximation in both conformal and non-conformal cases. In summary, this work contributes to a nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between cosmology and gravity in dilaton-based frameworks.

As a pioneering transdisciplinary field, innovationology transcends the traditional boundaries of academic disciplines and development practices to address persistent global challenges. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of innovationology, delving deep into its philosophical foundations, ontological commitments, and ethical imperatives. By unpacking the core tenets of this innovative approach, the paper positions it as a robust and holistic science capable of catalyzing transformative innovation and sustainable development worldwide. Innovationology represents a paradigm shift that moves beyond conventional innovation and development theories, embracing a systems-oriented, community-centric, and decolonial praxis. Drawing on a synthesis of theoretical perspectives and empirical insights, the article examines innovationology's ontological commitment to marginalized communities as active agents of change, its epistemological grounding in pluralistic knowledge systems, and its ethical imperatives of social justice, environmental sustainability, and inclusive innovation. This in-depth analysis strengthens the conceptual and theoretical foundations of innovationology, providing critical guidance for its practical implementation and continued refinement as a cutting-edge transdisciplinary science for global transformation.

In the aerospace industry, composites based on polymer or metal matrices and fillers made from granite, marble, lime and other rock powders are used. These fillers are similar in composition to cement and glass used for immobilization of radioactive waste (RW). In this paper, it is proposed to grind cemented or vitrified radioactive waste into micro or nanopowder and introduce this powder into a polymer or metal matrix to obtain a composite with improved physical characteristics, which can be used as a structural element or equipment element of automated space stations, satellites or rovers. In this way, it is possible to dispose of a huge amount of accumulated radioactive waste into space as a payload.

We introduce the linear subgroup of volume-preserving diffeomorphism as the underlying symmetry to construct an action within the effective field theory framework and the Schwinger-Keldish formalism. The formulated action is posited to effectively incorporate dissipative effects into the Navier-Stokes equations.

The production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli is often challenged by cytoplasmic expression due to proteolytic degradation and inclusion body formation. Extracellular expression can overcome these problems by simplifying downstream processing and improving protein yields. This study aims to compare the efficiency of two Bacillus subtilis chitosanase signal peptides in mediating extracellular secretion in E. coli. We identified a naturally occurring mutant signal peptide (mCsn2-SP) from B. subtilis CH2 chitosanase (CH2CSN), which is characterized by a deletion of six amino acids in the N-region relative to the signal peptide (Csn1-SP) from B. subtilis CH1 chitosanase (CH1CSN). The CH1CSN and CH2CSN genes were cloned into the pET-11a vector and protein secretion was evaluated in E. coli BL21(DE3) host cells. Expression was induced with 0.1 mM and 1 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 30°C for one and three days. CH2CSN showed higher secretion levels compared to CH1CSN under all experimental conditions, especially with 0.1 mM IPTG induction for 3 days, which resulted in a 2.37-fold increase in secretion. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that mCsn2-SP is capable of secreting human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD) in E. coli BL21(DE3) and successfully translocating it to the periplasmic region. This study represents the inaugural investigation into the utilisation of a naturally modified signal peptide, thereby corroborating the assertion that signal peptide deletion variants can influence protein secretion efficiency. Furthermore, the findings substantiate the proposition that such variants can serve as a viable alternative for the secretion of heterologous proteins in E. coli.