Abstract:

Discovered ~60years ago, the lipid metabolite 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is linked to a plethora of macromolecular targets and biological functions. For a molecule that weighs 156Da and possesses a single H-bond donor, this is quite a feat. Despite its chemical simplicity, HNE contains an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde system, endowing it with the capability to react covalently with numerous biological functional groups and bestowing on it pleiotropic properties. Regardless of the specific entity engaging with HNE, it is covalent bond formation that has dominated thought on HNE behavior. Indeed, cells possess a flurry of detoxifying enzymes that convert HNE to less reactive chemicals lacking the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. For instance, the cell can either reduce or oxidize the aldehyde within HNE, deactivating HNE’s chemical reactivity. Here, we discuss one of our recent papers that discovered that HNE can modify the detoxification enzyme, Cyp-33e1, in C. elegans, using a customized tissue-specific screen for HNE-sensor proteins. Consistent with concepts of active site partitioning, HNE also emerged as a substrate of Cyp-33e1. We next discovered that HNE changed lipid storage in worms in a Cyp-33e1-dependent manner. We proposed that the product of Cyp-33e1 detoxifying HNE was responsible for this change in lipid storage, and were able to show that 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (HNA), the product of Cyp-33e1 oxidation of HNE, causes this phenotype. We have dubbed this new signaling mode, “deactivation signaling”. It sets an important precedent for how the bioactivity of HNE is considered, and we discuss the ramifications of this result in the paper.

Abstract: Home Care (HC) has expanded globally, offering individualized care and reducing hospital demand, but the role of the family caregiver imposes significant physical and emotional burden, particularly during health crises like COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the performance and quality of life perspectives of family caregivers during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study was conducted with 101 family caregivers from the Better at Home Program in Santo André, Brazil, between February and March 2021. The WHOQOL-BREF instrument was used to assess quality of life, and the Barthel Index to evaluate the degree of patient dependence. Results: The sample showed a predominance of elderly women (mean age 56 years, 44.7% between 60-84 years), with low education and family income up to two minimum wages. Most caregivers were fully dedicated to patients with high dependence (89.1% in total or severe dependence, mainly due to neurological disorders). Overall quality of life was classified as “needing to improve” or “regular” in 61.4% of cases, with the pandemic intensifying perceived difficulties and negatively impacting all quality of life domains. High prevalence of untreated chronic diseases and low COVID-19 vaccination rates were concerning findings. Conclusions: Family caregivers represent a vulnerable population requiring public policies and integrated support strategies, including quality of life assessment, psychological support, financial assistance, and respite care to ensure continuity of humanized, quality care.

Abstract: Rhinovirus/enterovirus complex is traditionally associated with self limiting, uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections. However, emerging clinical evidence suggests a more pathogenic profile. Members of the genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) are increasingly recognized for their capacity to invade the lower respiratory tract, leading to significant pulmonary morbidity. Recent studies indicate that RV/EV infections are frequently complicated by bacterial coinfection and the development of complicated pneumonia. This case report presents the clinical course of a 64-year-old welder admitted to the intensive care unit due to severe right lobar pneumonia and severe hypoxemia. Investigations confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, with a concomitant rhinovirus/enterovirus infection. This viral-bacterial interplay induced acute systemic inflammation along with coagulopathy, respiratory dysfunction, and multiorgan failure that fulfilled the Sepsis-3 definitions. The clinical course was prolonged and fluctuating despite the introduction of a prompt, well-focused intravenous antibiotic regimen. This case demonstrates the occupational susceptibility of welders who have additional risk factors (i.e., smoking and inadequate vaccination status) to invasive pneumococcal disease. Additionally, this case report highlights the potential for precipitous decline in the context of a viral and bacterial co-infection and therefore, the need for early recognition of potential sepsis along with prompt implementation of antimicrobial therapy.

Abstract: This paper examines why music higher education across five Central Asian states—Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan—resists the regional integration that general higher education has begun to pursue. We compare degree structures, accreditation systems, and curriculum models at each country’s national conservatory, and we analyse national education laws alongside international agreements to trace the roots of divergence. The analytical lens combines institutional isomorphism—a framework that explains how organisations copy, comply with, or professionally absorb external models—with the concept of regional education space as a deliberate governance project. The evidence reveals a pattern we call the conservatory paradox: every government simultaneously pushes its conservatory toward Bologna-compatible degree formats and charges the same institution with safeguarding nationally distinct oral music traditions that UNESCO has inscribed on its heritage lists. This dual mandate opens a persistent gap between what formal structures describe and what classrooms actually deliver. Rather than full harmonisation, we propose a three-level coordination framework—mutual trust through accreditation without curriculum uniformity, joint heritage projects anchored in shared traditions such as Shashmaqom, and short-term mobility windows that bypass the credit-transfer bottleneck.

Abstract: The rapid proliferation of large language models has created significant opportunities for personalized education, yet existing systems rarely account for user competency as a determinant of interaction quality. This study introduces Persona in The Loop (PITL), a dual-mode adaptive framework that recommends AI personas for blockchain and smart contract education applications. PITL employs 100 AI personas organized across two domains, ten sub-specialties, and five Dreyfus competency levels, recommending personas via either similarity-based mode grounded in Cognitive Load Theory or complementary mode grounded in the Zone of Proximal Development, with an adaptive switching mechanism driven by NASA-TLX cognitive load feedback. A mixed-methods study with 150 participants using a 2 × 5 factorial design showed that the complementary mode produced higher learning gains, while the similarity-based mode yielded lower cognitive load and higher code quality. The adaptive mechanism outperformed both fixed-mode conditions on learning gain and code quality. The Mode × Dreyfus interaction was significant for cognitive load and task duration but not for learning gains, suggesting mode effects on learning outcomes are consistent across competency levels. Qualitative interviews with 20 participants corroborated quantitative findings. PITL offers a theoretically grounded and empirically validated approach to competency-based AI persona recommendation in educational contexts.

Abstract: On-site wastewater treatment systems are known to be sources of aquatic pollution; however, limited data precludes systems level assessments. Aerobic treatment units (ATUs) are widely utilized in Louisiana, where groundwater and soil conditions limit septic tanks. By combining a limited ATU permitting record with housing unit build data, we estimate there were 412,552 permitted ATUs in Louisiana by end of 2023. We conservatively estimate the annual surface water loading from ATUs in the 24 coastal parishes is 7.51 million pounds of nitrogen, and 2.18 million pounds of phosphorus, which are equivalent to 57% and 84%, respectively, of the nitrogen and phosphorus discharged by all the major wastewater treatment plants in Louisiana. Despite a state-wide ATU utilization rate of 73.7%, our analysis of policy documents indicates ATU management in the two coastal parishes with the highest number of ATUs is best described as “basic” with limited compliance monitoring, enforcement, and public awareness. Simultaneously, we estimate the deployment of Environmental Impact Bonds premised on nutrient recovery and optimized energy consumption could be sufficient to fund routine ATU inspection and maintenance programs. Our findings strongly suggest the on-site wastewater treatment status quo jeopardizes water quality at scale demanding the pursuit of creative solutions.

Abstract: Cellular senescence is a stress-induced state characterised by durable proliferative arrest and extensive transcriptional and secretory reprogramming. In cancer, senescence can suppress early tumour outgrowth, yet persistence of senescent cells and their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) may drive maladaptive inflammation, immune dysfunction, vascular perturbation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) provides a clinically informative context because tumours arise in injury-prone mucosa and standard therapies (radiotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy) can induce long-lived senescent phenotypes across stromal and vascular compartments. Here, we synthesise the evidence through a signal → matrix → function framework, in which the therapy-induced SASP modules reshape collagen density, alignment, confinement and crosslinking, thereby influencing invasion, immune access, perfusion and post-treatment fibrosis. We emphasise that senescence detection in head and neck tissues is highly context dependent and readily confounded by inflammageing, chronic mucosal injury and HPV-associated biology, necessitating a cell-type resolved, spatially anchored, multi-axis definition that integrates growth-arrest context, nuclear/DNA damage response hallmarks and functional outputs. We highlight oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) as a matrix-primed precursor state that exemplifies convergence between chronic injury, fibrosis and senescence-adjacent programmes. Finally, we propose an integrated translational roadmap combining multiplex spatial pathology with quantitative collagen imaging to map therapy-induced senescence–ECM niches and support biomarker-guided testing of senomorphic, senolytic and matrix-normalising strategies in HNSCC.

Abstract: Early and recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to moonlight influences the entire life cycle of plants from seed germination to vegetative growth and reproduction. Exposure to moonlight was found to induce genome reorganization in plants and significant changes in gene expression, protein, and metabolite profiles. However, the specific factors that facilitate moonlight perception are unknown. To uncover the photoreceptors responsible for moonlight perception, we analyzed Arabidopsis phototropin mutants (phot1, phot2, and phot1phot2) as well as the phytochrome mutants phyA and phyB for their response to full moonlight (FML). De-etiolation assays revealed that plants do perceive and respond to FML within 5 h of exposure. Thus, among the photoreceptor mutants analyzed, only phot1 and phot1phot2 were impaired in apical hook opening and cotyledon unfolding under FML. Interestingly, under high light intensity, all examined mutants have undergone proper de-etiolation. Further analysis showed that phot1 as well as phyB mutants were impaired in response to moonlight, displaying no changes in nuclear size and in protein profiles following exposure to FML and were comparable to plants exposed to dark. The FML (5 h exposure) did not induce the formation of fewer, large nuclear photobodies as occurred following 5 h exposure to growth room light. Our findings highlighted phot1 and phyB as photoreceptors necessary for plants to perceive and respond to FML. It is proposed that the initial perception of moonlight is facilitated by the blue light receptor phot1 and is subsequently interpreted into a functional state by the R/FR receptor phyB.

Abstract: Introduction: Safety signals were detected for infants aged 0 for epilepsy, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, and gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) for specific vaccines and coadministered vaccine combinations. From these observations, additional elevated infant age 0 AEs safety signals are suspected. This study examines additional AEs, examining elevated infant age 0 AEs safety signals to provide etiology insights. Methods: Herein, the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) was retrospectively examined for candidate AE safety signals for infants aged 0. Results: Additional safety signals were identified for multiple AEs affecting infants. Safety signals were detected for specific vaccines, specific concomitantly administered vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines. Conclusions: Specific vaccines (including live, attenuated viral vaccines) and specific concomitant vaccine combinations are resulting in elevated frequencies of multiple infant AEs. Elevated normalized frequencies of AEs for multiple concomitant vaccine combinations have additive normalized frequencies. Elevated normalized frequencies for multiple manufacturing lots are consistent with possible manufacturing contaminants (e.g., endotoxins) as causative components for multiple elevated AE frequencies.

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between job plateauing and organizational indifference in Iranian sports organizations (Case Study: Ilam Province Sports and Youth Departments). The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of all employees of Ilam Province Sports and Youth Departments, 146 people. Due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample of this study was considered equal to the entire population. To collect information, Milliman's (1992) job plateauing questionnaire and Danai Fard et al.'s (2010) organizational indifference questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, graphs and tables) and inferential statistics (Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation and stepwise regression) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all dimensions of job plateauing and organizational indifference in Ilam Province Sports and Youth Departments. This means that with the increase in job plateau, organizational indifference increases. According to the results, it can be admitted that the lack of attention to the phenomenon of job plateau will increase various dimensions of organizational indifference in sports organizations. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of organizations should take action towards job enrichment, establishing a system for evaluating employee performance, and increasing their support and training.

Abstract: We introduce an abelian group structure on the positive real numbers via the operation a ⊗κ b = exp(κ ln a ln b) for a parameter κ > 0. The transformation Tκ (x) = ln(κ ln x) establishes a group iso- morphism (M^>1_κ , ⊗κ ) ∼= (R, +), enabling harmonic analysis on the scale group. We define generalized zeta functions ζκ (s) = ∑ n^{−⊗κ s} and prove ζκ (s) = ζ(κ ln s) [11 , 13]. The zeros of ζκ (s) are given by sn = exp(ρn/κ) where ρn are the zeros of ζ(s). Under the Riemann hypothesis, these zeros lie on the circle |s| = e^1/(2κ). Scale prime numbers arise naturally as irreducible elements, with correspondence p = exp(ep/κ) to ordinary primes [8]. All results hold for any κ > 0 and are verified numerically with errors below 10−¹⁴. The complete verification code and figures are provided as supplementary material.

Abstract: The rotational evolution of pulsars is governed by torque mechanisms whose mathematical structure encodes fundamental symmetries of the underlying physics. We demonstrate that the standard spin-down equation $\fdot = -s f - r f^3 - g f^5$ derives from a discrete \emph{antisymmetry} requirement, namely invariance of the torque under reversal of rotation sense, which restricts the frequency dependence to odd integer powers. We show that physically motivated plasma processes systematically \emph{break} this symmetry, introducing fractional frequency exponents: viscous Ekman pumping at the crust--superfluid boundary layer ($f^{3/2}$), magnetohydrodynamic turbulent dissipation via Kolmogorov and Sweet--Parker cascades ($f^{10/3}$, $f^{11/3}$), non-linear superfluid vortex dynamics ($f^{5/2}$), and saturated $r$-mode oscillations ($f^{7-2\beta}$). The central result is an \emph{exact} analytical resolution of the long-standing Crab pulsar braking index puzzle: the observed $n = 2.51 \pm 0.01$, which has defied explanation for nearly four decades, emerges naturally from the superposition of magnetic dipole radiation ($\fdot \propto f^3$) and boundary layer Ekman pumping ($\fdot \propto f^{3/2}$), with analytically derived coefficients yielding a dipole-component surface field $B_p = 6.2 \times 10^{12}$~G---lower than the standard spin-down estimate because the boundary layer absorbs $32.7\%$ of the total torque that would otherwise be misattributed to the dipole. We develop the Riemann--Liouville fractional calculus formalism for these equations, showing that fractional derivatives break time-translation symmetry through intrinsic memory effects, with solutions expressed in terms of Mittag-Leffler and Fox $H$-functions that interpolate continuously between exponential (fully symmetric) and power-law (scale-free symmetric) relaxation. Lambert--Tsallis $W_q$ functions with non-extensive parameter $q$ encoding broken statistical symmetry enable equation-of-state-independent inference of neutron star compactness and tidal deformability. Our framework establishes a unified symmetry-based classification of pulsar spin-down mechanisms and predicts frequency-dependent braking indices evolving at rate $\dd n/\dd t \sim 2 \times 10^{-4}$~yr$^{-1}$, yielding $\Delta n \approx 0.01$ over 50~years---testable with current pulsar timing programmes. The formalism provides a coherent theoretical foundation connecting plasma microphysics at the neutron star interior to macroscopic observables in electromagnetic and gravitational wave channels.

Abstract: In developing countries like Bangladesh, small textile factories often dump untreated waste because pollution control systems are too expensive. To address this, a low-cost prototype, named ‘Integrated Eco-Factory’, was designed and fabricated. This system simultaneously performs three critical functions: carbon capture, wastewater treatment, and energy harvesting: captures carbon soot from chimneys, treats wastewater, and harvests renewable energy. First, a cyclonic separator was utilized to collect carbon soot to collect carbon soot from exhaust gas and processed it into printing ink. Laboratory analysis revealed that the synthesized ink has a viscosity of 3.2 cP and surface tension of 38.5 mN/m, which is very close to commercial printer ink. Second, the traditional biological treatment was replaced with an Electrocoagulation (EC) unit. This unit removed 91% of the dye color from the water. Instead of throwing away the sludge we used it to make “Eco-Bricks” that have a strength of 14.2 MPa, making them safe for construction use. Finally, to ensure energy autonomy, a hybrid energy system (Solar, Thermal, and Hydro) that generates about 950 Wh per day—enough to run the system’s sensors and IoT monitoring 24/7. Our cost analysis shows that a factory can recover the full setup cost in just 7 months by selling the ink and bricks. The results demonstrate that that pollution control can be profitable for small industries.

Abstract: Dyslexia impacts 5–15% of school-aged children globally, but automated screening mechanisms to detect it are rare, and such tools are relatively scarce in non-Latin scripts. The work introduces a bilingual deep learning model for dyslexia preliminary diagnosis through digitalized handwriting samples in both English and Arabic. Two computational methods were employed and compared systematically: the page-oriented classification strategy and the character-oriented classification method. For Arabic, an EnhancedCNN architecture is proposed to classify whole-page scans end-to-end by coping with cursive script and contextual letter forms. Both a baseline SimpleCNN model and a MobileNetV3-Small transfer learning model were trained on segmented letter crops from 123,554 labeled English samples. Preprocessing steps included the removal of instructor annotations, the Otsu adaptive thresholding method binarization and morphological processing noise removal and stroke refinement. Grad-CAM visualizations were included for model transparency and education decision aids, showing discriminative regions in page-level as well as character-level predictions. Experimental results proved that the proposed Arabic page-level model obtained 77% test accuracy, which constitutes preliminary proof of concept for AI-driven dyslexia screening in Arabic. English character-level approach using MobileNetV3 achieved 99% accuracy on the single letter detection task. This work also contributes to one of the earliest AI-assisted reading screening systems which is specifically designed for detecting dyslexia in Arabic script and brings systematic evidence on comparing hybrid page- and letter-level strategies for bilingual handwriting analysis.

Abstract: This study proposes a novel distributionally robust portfolio optimization framework based on Wasserstein generative modeling, aiming to address the challenges of distributional uncertainty, tail risk, and structural drift in financial markets. The model integrates Wasserstein distance-based robust optimization with generative adversarial learning to jointly enhance risk control and return stability. Specifically, a Wasserstein generative adversarial network is employed to reconstruct the latent distribution of asset returns, enabling the capture of non-Gaussian features and tail dependencies in complex market environments. By constructing an uncertainty set under the Wasserstein metric, the optimization process achieves dynamic balance between empirical risk minimization and robustness to distributional perturbations. Furthermore, the framework incorporates a dual optimization mechanism that alternately updates generative and optimization parameters to adaptively align with changing market structures. Experimental evaluations on multi-asset datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves higher Sharpe ratios, lower maximum drawdowns, and improved robustness compared with conventional reinforcement learning-based and mean-variance methods. The results verify that integrating Wasserstein generative modeling into distributionally robust optimization provides an effective and interpretable pathway for achieving stable asset allocation and risk-aware decision-making under volatile financial conditions.

Abstract:

As semi-autonomous organelles, mitochondria function through the coordinated regulation of nuclear genomes and their own genetic material, primarily providing energy for eukaryotic organisms. Currently, high-throughput sequencing technologies have been used to resolve the mitochondrial genomes of various edible fungi. With advances in sequencing technology, species genome characterization has evolved from single genomes to pan-genomes. However, the application of pan-genomes for the analysis of edible mushroom mitochondrial genomes remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted a comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of 31 Hypsizygus marmoreus strains (4 newly sequenced monotypes and 27 public datasets). The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome sizes ranged from 98,284 to 111,087 bp, exhibiting significant structural diversity. This variation is primarily driven by dynamic changes in non-coding regions, particularly intronic polymorphisms in the cox1 gene. This study revealed that tRNA secondary structures exhibit atypical globular and elongated conformations alongside copy number variations. Additionally, codon usage showed a pronounced A/T bias, whereas core respiratory chain genes demonstrated an evolutionary pattern of strong purifying selection. Furthermore, the 31 mitochondrial genomes of H. marmoreus were identified 8 gene rearrangement patterns and 5 genetic clusters, and the pan-genome (220,364 bp, 217 nodes) captured abundant SNPs, InDels and structural variations. This study provides breeding-relevant genetic markers and a genomic framework for germplasm classification, genetic improvement and stress-resilient variety molecular breeding of Hypsizygus marmoreus.

Abstract: The active constituents of essential plant oils (EOAIs), monoterpenoid carvacrol and monoterpene p-cymene, are widely distributed in many aromatic plants and their products. They differ in that carvacrol has a phenolic functional group. The numerous pharmacological effects of these two EOAIs are well known. In different doses/concentrations, they exhibit analgesic, neuroprotective, vasorelaxant, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. The acute toxicity of carvacrol and p-cymene in rats and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated. Furthermore, the impact of subacute administration of these two ter-penes on general health, CNS integration, i.e. motor coordination and balance of rats, as well as their effects on the movement of adult C. elegans, was also examined. The aim was to compare the effects and describe in more detail the selective toxicity of carvacrol and p-cymene. The calculated LD50 value of carvacrol was 790.15±1.15 mg/kg, while the LD50 value of p-cymene is above 3000 mg/kg. Tested doses of carvacrol and p-cymene administered for 28 days (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) did not exert any effect on the CNS of rats or cause any clinical disorders. LC50 value of carvacrol for adult C. elegans was 184.13±1.51 micM and for p-cymene 1268±1.65 micM. In subacute testing, carvacrol showed negative effects on C. elegans reproduction, distance traveled, movement speed and rotational index at lower concentrations than p-cymene, indicating higher toxicity. On the other hand, although less toxic to C. elegans, p-cymene exhibited a specific effect on worm motility, with more rolling which should be further investigated, and can be a consequence of cuticle damage or loss of orientation.

Abstract: Social media platforms have established themselves as relevant sources of real-time information for urban traffic analysis. This study proposes an intelligent framework for the classification and spatiotemporal analysis of traffic incidents based on data flows constructed for controlled validation, based on real reports from platforms such as X and Telegram. The approach integrates adaptive machine learning and incremental density-based clustering. An Adaptive Random Forest (ARF) incremental classifier is used to identify the type of incident, allowing for continuous updating of the model in response to changes in traffic flow and concept drift. The classified events are then processed using DenStream, a clustering algorithm that incorporates a temporal decay mechanism designed to identify dynamic spatial patterns and discard older information. The evaluation is performed in a controlled streaming simulation environment that replicates the dynamics of cities such as Panama and Guayaquil, using prequential evaluation metrics. The results suggest that this hybrid architecture is a viable approach for urban traffic monitoring, providing useful information for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) by processing authentic social signals.

Abstract: Vicarious calibration is a technique that makes use of radiometrically stable targets such as high-altitude dry lakebeds and north African desert sites for the post-launch calibration of a satellite sensor. Top-of-the-atmosphere radiances or reflectances are provided for the calibration of the sensor. The reflectance of a remote sensing vicarious calibration site is measured by ratioing the signal from a ground target to the signal from a reference artifact whose reflectance is known. There can be elapsed times between measurements of a reference artifact on the order of 10 min. For environmental measurements, the solar illumination can vary on time scales relevant to the delay between measurements of a target and a reference artifact, impacting the variance in the measured reflectance. In this work, we explore the impact of a temporal delay between two measurements taken outdoors on the Type A uncertainties in their ratios. A factor of 3 reduction in the Coefficient of Variation of the ratio taken simultaneously versus sequentially with delays on the order of 10 min was realized. Implications for protocols employed to measure the surface reflectance at sites used for the vicarious calibration of aircraft and satellite sensors are discussed.

Abstract: Health is a complex and multifaceted concept that extends beyond exercise or diet alone. The Physical Health Model presents a comprehensive, universally applicable framework integrating exercise, nutrition, hydration, and sleep as interconnected pillars of optimal well-being. Unlike conventional health approaches that focus on isolated components, this model ensures sustainable and long-term improvements in physical function, metabolic health, and overall quality of life. By incorporating intentional and progressively challenging exercise, nutrient-dense whole foods, proper hydration strategies, and structured sleep optimization, individuals can maximize muscle growth, endurance, cognitive function, immune resilience, and longevity. This paper highlights how these fundamental components complement each other and explains how neglecting one pillar can significantly diminish overall progress. The Physical Health Model applies to all populations, from elite athletes optimizing performance to working professionals seeking better energy levels, aging adults aiming for longevity, and individuals recovering from illness or injury. Its structured approach provides scientific insights and practical applications that benefit everyone—regardless of fitness level, health status, or personal goals. Furthermore, research supports the synergistic effects of these four pillars—such as sleep enhancing nutrient-driven muscle growth—emphasizing that exercise without proper nutrition, hydration, or sleep leads to plateaus and inefficiencies, just as a well-balanced diet cannot compensate for a sedentary lifestyle or chronic sleep deprivation. By aligning scientific principles with real-world application, this paper provides an evidence-based, adaptable strategy for achieving optimal health across diverse populations. Whether the goal is to build muscle, improve cardiovascular endurance, manage weight, enhance mental clarity, or prevent disease, the Physical Health Model offers a scalable and sustainable solution for individuals at all stages of life. Through a holistic and integrated perspective, this model establishes a foundation for lifelong physical and mental resilience.