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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1276.v2

Prevalence, Management, and Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in Paediatric Patients: Insights from a Tertiary Cardiology Centre

Andreia Duarte Constante, Joana Suarez, Guilherme Lourenço, Guilherme Portugal, Pedro Silva Cunha, Mário Martins Oliveira, Conceição Trigo, Fátima F. Pinto, Sérgio Laranjo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; paediatric arrhythmias; paediatric cardiology; congenital heart disease; rheumatic heart disease

Online: 4 September 2024 (04:43:46 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0118.v1

Infliximab Attenuates Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS)

Joseph Meredith, Cher-Antonia Khedim, Paul Henderson, David C. Wilson, Richard K. Russell

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: paediatric; immunology; infectious disease; gastroenterology

Online: 9 June 2020 (05:11:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0573.v1

Utilization of Vestibular Information for Balance Control in Children with Chiari I Malformation

Irène Stella, Philippe Perrin, Matthieu Casteran, Anthony Joud, Art Mallinson, Olivier Klein

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Chiari I malformation; paediatric neurosurgery; posturography; balance

Online: 9 September 2024 (07:55:20 CEST)

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Background: Surgery for Chiari I malformation (CMI) is indicated when typical clinic-radiological features (syringomyelia, exertional headaches, sleep apnea syndrome, tetraparesis) are present. Sometimes patients have atypical complaints suggestive of otolaryngological (ENT) involvement, and it is sometimes difficult for the neurosurgeon to determine if these complaints are related to the CMI. Our aim was to describe postural control pattern in children with CMI using Computerized Dynamic Posturography. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing postural instability in paediatric CMI patients. Methods: twenty-eight children aged 6 to 17 years with both radiologically confirmed CMI and clinical ENT complaints were included. Children were separated into 2 groups: operated and non-operated patients, basing on neurosurgical indication. Epidemiologic and posturographic results (CDP - Equitest®) were compared between both groups, as well as pre and post operatively in the group 2. Results: in Group 2 patients, significant improvement of global SOT was found after intervention. When the three sensorial aspects of postural control calculated by the system were independently assessed, the greatest improvement was in the vestibular ratio. We also observed an altered CoG pattern (“lateral deviation”) in the Group 2 patients, which significantly differed from Group 1. Lateral deviation was significantly reduced postoperatively in Group 2 patients. A correspondence between preoperative MRI and side of lateralisation on posturography was found in 4 children, but this cannot be regarded as significant due to the low number of patients. Conclusions: postural control seems to improve after surgery for CMI in children, mostly due to improvement in vestibular function. There is a correspondence between the side of lateral deviation and the side of greatest tonsillar descent on MRI and perioperatively. Further studies are needed to support these results and to confirm utility of CDP in CMI patients.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1873.v1

Thoracic Spinal Injuries in Adolescents: A Narrative Review

Tyler Nitschke, Kesava Kovanur Sampatha

Subject: Orthopedics And Sports Medicine, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Thoracic Spine Injury; Spine; Epidemiology; Sport; Youth; Paediatric

Online: 24 October 2024 (12:04:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0004.v1

A Retrospective Review of Resuscitation Planning at a Children’s Hospital

Jean Kelly, Jo Ritchie, Leigh Donovan, Carol Graham, Anthony Herbert

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: resuscitation planning; paediatric palliative care; advance care planning

Online: 1 December 2017 (10:25:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0165.v1

A Novel Oral Syringe for Dosing and Administration of Multiparticulate Formulations: Acceptability Study in Preschool and School Children

Justyna Hofmanová, Joanne Bennett, Alastair Coupe, Jeremy Bartlett, Andrew Monahan, Hannah Katharine Batchelor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: multiparticulates, administration device, acceptability, paediatric formulation, mouthfeel, oral syringe

Online: 6 August 2020 (12:00:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0252.v1

Immunophenotyping of Circulating Leukocytes Reveal Non-specific Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome of Childhood Temporally Associated with SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Descriptive Cohort Study

Michael J. Carter, Matthew Fish, Aislinn Jennings, Katie J. Doores, Paul Wellman, Jeffrey Seow, Sam Acors, Emma Timms, Julia Kenny, Stuart Neil, Michael H. Malim, Shane M. Tibby, Manu Shankar-Hari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-Co-V2; Paediatric hyperinflammation; MIS-C; PIMS-TS

Online: 12 July 2020 (12:09:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1531.v1

Exclusive Enteral Nutrition as Induction Therapy for Paediatric Crohn Disease – Efficacy, Outcomes and Predictors of Response over a Ten-Year Period

Stephanie Brown, Catherine L Wall, Chris Frampton, Richard Blair Gearry, Andrew S Day

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn's disease; paediatric; nutrition; exclusive enteral nutrition

Online: 19 September 2024 (12:37:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1816.v1

Availability of Essential Antimicrobials in Public and Private Sector Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Survey in a District of North India

Niti Mittal, Rakesh Mittal, Sukhbir Singh, Sushila Godara

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: essential antimicrobials; essential medicine list; drug procurement; gap analysis; paediatric antibiotic formulations

Online: 29 November 2023 (11:04:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1

ToolCAP: Novel Tools to Improve the Management of Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia – a Preliminary Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial

Jacques Du Toit, Megan Palmer, Karim Manji, Papa Moctar Faye, Stephen Tollman, Moniek Bresser, Silvia Cicconi, Tracy Glass, Helene Langet, Klaus Reither, Evelyn Tshehla, Kristina Keitel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Lung Ultrasound; IMCI; Paediatric Pneumonia; Antibiotic Stewardship; Low-Resource Settings; Antimicrobial Resistance; Diagnostic Tools

Online: 30 July 2024 (16:37:06 CEST)

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Background Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), particularly pneumonia, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, especially in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines currently recommend antibiotic treatment for all case of with pneumonia based on clinical signs along, which can lead to over-prescription of antibiotics and contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Point of care Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool in this context and has demonstrated potential in distinguishing between bacterial and viral pneumonia, thus enabling more targeted antibiotic use. This study aims to explore whether integrating LUS into the IMCI-based management of clinical pneumonia will better identify those who would benefit from antibiotic treatment, reducing antibiotic overuse without compromising health outcomes. Methods An open label randomized controlled trial will enrol 3500 children aged 60 days to 12 years presenting with IMCI-defined pneumonia. Participants will be enrolled in Senegal, Tanzania, and South Africa. Participants will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1, stratified by site and age group (<5years, 5-12years) to either an intervention group, where LUS will guide antibiotic prescriptions utilising a predefined interpretation framework, or a control group receiving routine IMCI-based care. The co-primary outcomes of this study are the reduction in antibiotic use on the day of enrolment (Day 1) and rate of clinical failure by Day 8, using an acceptable clinical difference of 1.5x as a non-inferiority margin (delta of 2.5%). Secondary outcomes will include adverse drug reactions, cure rates, hospital admissions including in-patient duration, and cost-effectiveness. Data will be collected at baseline (Day 1), Day 8, and Day 29 post-enrolment. Discussion This study seeks to provide evidence on the clinical and public health benefits of using LUS to improve the diagnosis and management of paediatric pneumonia in low-resource settings. If this intervention proves effective it could contribute significantly toward reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, thereby addressing AMR. The potential for LUS to be integrated into routine clinical practice could revolutionize pneumonia management, especially in areas with limited access to advanced diagnostic tools. Trial Registration This trial will be registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and The South African National Clinical Trials Register (SANCTR) prior to participant enrolment.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1345.v1

Current Evidence in Shoulder Instability in the Paediatric and Adolescent Population

Aziz Rawal, Franziska Eckers, Olivia S.H. Lee, Bettina Hochreiter, Kemble K. Wang, Eugene T. Ek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: : shoulder instability; shoulder dislocation; paediatric; adolescent; traumatic instability; atraumatic instability; multidirectional instability; muscle patterning

Online: 21 November 2023 (14:20:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1020.v1

Pediatric Diabetes Technology Management: Italian Health Care Workers' Point of View

Annamaria Tupputi, Lucia Giardinieri, Silvia Monaco, Michela Di Trani

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Diabetes; Paediatric Psychology; Health And Well-Being; Health Care Service; Psychology Of Health; Health Professionals

Online: 27 April 2023 (03:51:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0742.v1

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Practices: Elucidating the Impact on Healthcare Systems, Mechanisms, and Paediatric Applications.

Patricia Anaid Romero-García, Sergio Ramirez-Perez, Jorge Javier Miguel-González, Sandra Guzman-Silahua, Javier Adan Castañeda-Moreno, Sophia Komninou, Simón Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Lara

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Complementary and Alternative Medicine; Paediatric Health; Traditional Medicine; well-being; physiological; physical; mental health; Nutritional; psychological

Online: 13 May 2024 (08:09:36 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0636.v1

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties during COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Jacqueline Nonweiler, Fiona Rattray, Jennifer Baulcomb, Francesca Happe, Michael Absoud

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Behavioural Neuroscience; Mental Health; COVID-19; Pandemic; Paediatric Neurology

Online: 26 July 2020 (15:31:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0512.v1

Evidence On Viral Suppression Supports Scaling-Up Transition To Dolutegravir-Based Regimens In Pediatric Populations In Cameroon: A Multicentre Baseline Assessment For The Cipher-Adola Study

Joseph FOKAM, Yagai Bouba, Rogers Awoh Ajeh, Dominik Tameza Guebiapsi, Suzane Essamba, Albert Franck Zeh Meka, Ebiama Lifanda, Rose Armelle Ada, Yakouba Liman, Nancy Barbara Mbengono, Audrey Raissa Dzaddi Djomo, Suzie Ndiang Tetang, Samuel Martin Sosso, Jocelyne Carmen Babodo, Olivia Francette Ndomo Ambomo, Edith Michele Temgoua, Caroline Medouane, Sabine Ndejo Atsinkou, Justin Leonel Mvogo, Roger Martin Onana, Jean de Dieu Anoubissi, Alice Ketchaji, Alex Durand Nka, Davy-Hyacinthe Anguechia Gouissi, Aude Christelle Ka’e, Nadine Nguendjoung Fainguem, Rachel Simo Kamgaing, Désiré Augustin Komego Takou, Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Marie Atsama Amougou, Julius Nwobegahay, Comfort Vuchas, Anna Nya Nsimen, Bertrand Bille Eyoum, Sandra kenmegne Gatchuessi, Francis Ndongo Ateba, Daniel Kesseng, Serge Clotaire Billong, Daniele Armenia, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Paul Ndombo Koki, Hadja Cherif Hamsatou, Vittorio Colizzi, Alexis Ndjolo, Carlo Federico Perno, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Virological suppression; low level viremia; children, adolescents, and young-adults; DTG-based regimen; elimination of paediatric AIDS; Cameroon.

Online: 5 July 2024 (12:31:56 CEST)

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