Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is potentially a useful tool that can be employed to increase the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of antifungal drugs. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the current use of TDM in clinical practice, and to present the evidence available regarding its use in proactive clinical settings for preventing and managing treatment failure. This review also presents the existing evidence regarding the association of various clinical outcomes with specific thresholds of drug concentrations in everyday practice. Articles concerning the use of TDM of triazoles in the treatment of fungal infections were retrieved through an electronic search using PubMed. In clinical practice, TDM has an increasingly important role in the management of antifungal drugs as a consequence of the improvement in the knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs. The currently available evidence shows a direct exposure-response relationship for triazoles, though the PK/PD profile is unpredictable. Current guidelines and treatment consensus statements recommend the proactive TDM of voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole to optimize dosage regimens and improve outcomes for adult and pediatric patients.

In the digital age, social media platforms have become a critical channel for brands to engage with their audience and manage their reputation. This paper explores the application of sentiment analysis in social media to aid brand reputation management. Sentiment analysis, a subset of natural language processing (NLP), involves determining the emotional tone behind online discussions and opinions. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and NLP techniques, brands can analyze vast amounts of social media data to gauge public sentiment, identify emerging trends, and detect potential issues before they escalate. This study reviews current methodologies in sentiment analysis, including supervised and unsupervised learning approaches, and discusses their effectiveness in extracting actionable insights from social media content. Additionally, it examines case studies where sentiment analysis has been successfully implemented to enhance brand reputation, address customer concerns, and tailor marketing strategies. The findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptation to dynamic social media landscapes for maintaining a positive brand image. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of sentiment analysis tools and techniques, offering practical recommendations for brands seeking to leverage social media sentiment data for proactive reputation management.

The paper deals with the problem of choosing the best O&M strategy for wind power plants. Current maintenance theory considers just production opportunities and minimizes the maintenance costs, but with the liberalization of the electricity market also the electricity price has become an important variable to take into account in the O&M scheduling. Another important variables that is often neglected by the existing maintenance theory is the weather condition. This paper proposes a new strategy that takes into account the electricity price and weather conditions, improves the expected profit of the systems, and reduce the overall maintenance and logistic costs. The maintenance schedule is formalized as an optimization problem where the discounted cumulative profit of a wind generation portfolio in a fixed-time horizon (e.g. two years ahead), subject to the technologically-derived maintenance time constraints is optimized. Both the theoretical and computational aspects of the proposed O&M strategy are discussed. Results show that taking into account market and weather opportunities in the design of the maintenance strategy, it is possible to achieve a more complete scheduling for a given set of wind power plants.

Although prior research has extensively examined the association of emotional intelligence (EI) with various job attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction), the empirical and systematic investigation of this link within military institutions has captured considerably less research attention. The present research analyzed the relationship between EI, teamwork communication, and job satisfaction among Spanish military cadets. We tested the potential unique contribution of EI to job satisfaction over and above demographics (i.e., gender and age), proactive personality, and resilience. Moreover, we also examined whether EI indirectly affects job satisfaction via its relationship with teamwork communication. A sample of 363 cadet officers of the Spanish General Military Academy completed questionnaires assessing EI, teamwork communication, proactive personality, resilience, and job satisfaction. Our results revealed that EI exhibited incremental variance in predicting job satisfaction even after accounting for demographics, proactive personality, and resilience. Additionally, we found that the effect of EI on job satisfaction was partially driven by enhanced teamwork communication. This research provides empirical evidence suggesting a pathway (i.e., effective teamwork communication) through which EI helps military cadets to experience higher job satisfaction. Implications for future academic programs including EI and teamwork communication to promote positive job attitudes among military personnel are discussed.

Direct Energy Deposition (DED) is a versatile and efficient method in metal additive manufacturing. However, humping, caused by abnormal dynamics in the melt pool (MP), poses a significant threat to the geometric integrity of manufactured products. Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods primarily detect humping by analyzing late-stage spatial abnormalities, such as MP detachment. This approach is fundamentally reactive, leading to a tendency to miss early humping spatiotemporal dynamics, like cyclic elongation of the MP. This study introduces a novel, proactive indicator named VIMPS (Variability of Instantaneous MP Solidification-Front Speed), a physics-based tool designed to quantify early abnormal fluctuations in MP solidification speed. The experiments demonstrate VIMPS correlation with humping-induced geometric inaccuracies. By capturing early spatiotemporal dynamics of the MP, VIMPS reduces detection latency by 30 seconds compared to existing SOTAs that focus solely on spatial abnormalities. This significant improvement transforms detection from reactive to proactive, providing the time needed for corrective actions to enhance the overall productivity and quality of the DED process.

Despite limited research on the effects of a combined physical exercises on static and proactive postural control and neuromuscular functions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO), this study addresses the gap by examining the efficacy of a 4-month Total Mobility Plus (TMP) regimen. The study enrolled 40 older adults with SO, split into an intervention group (n=25, mean age = 76.1 ± 3.5 years; mean BMI = 34.4 ± 4.0 kg/m²) and a control group (n=25, mean age = 75.9 ± 5.4 years; mean BMI = 32.9 ± 2.3 kg/m²). Participants in the IG engaged in 60-minute TMP sessions three times a week for four months, while the CG maintained their typical daily activities. Standardized evaluations were performed before and after the intervention, including the Romberg and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests, Center of pressure (CoP) parameters during different conditions, muscle activation and strength of plantar and dorsal flexors. Post-intervention results revealed significant reduction of the standing time measured in the Romberg (-15.6%, p<0.05), and TUG (-34.6%, p<0.05) tests. Additionally, CoP area and velocity, were notably reduced in various conditions (p<0.05). Postural control improvements were associated with an increase of strength and decrease of ankle muscle activation. These findings validate the TMP program as a safe and effective method for enhancing static and proactive postural control and neuromuscular capabilities in older adults with SO.

The industry is in a continuous evolution in the context of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 requirements and expected benefits. Some sectors allow a higher reconfiguration dynamics considering the interference capabilities and process/equipment renewals, but others have considerable inertia that is many times justified. In most encountered situations, the reality confirms that the industry is struggling with new demands as interoperation and efficiency improvements. The water industry makes no difference, being a sector with critical infrastructures and highly varied subsystems, where invasive interference in legacy solutions tends to be avoided. Following previous successful footsteps in researching a proactive decentralized historian, the current work focuses on a case-study that refers to a water treatment and distribution facility that is operated for several years and the current operating regime was established by local operators following accumulated observations, restrictions and response strategies. The proactive historian was tailored for the current case-study and it was applied and tested in the suboptimal functioning scenario where the water sources configuration was manually selected and used for water availability and energy efficiency, but without assuming current/future failures or different water demands. The proposed low-cost historian targeted to improve the functioning and operation of the water facility considering energy efficiency and other impacting outcomes of the current strategy, and to establish an automatic functioning regime in a completely non-invasive manner towards the local legacy solution. The results were satisfactory, proving that the historian is able to adapt to a particular and suboptimal functioning real industrial scenario, to establish recipes in a process-aware manner, and to interoperate with the local legacy solution in order to apply improving actions.

China has formally applied to join the CPTPP. It is a realistic issue to comprehensively assess the possible impact of CPTPP labor provisions on China and explore effective countermeasures and measures. Vietnam, as the only socialist country among CPTPP member states, has revised its domestic labor law internally to build a dual labor union system, concluded FTAs externally and fought for a transitional period in the form of signing side letters to fulfill its obligations under the CPTPP, which has certain reference value for China. In recent years, the economic and trade agreements signed by China have adopted a more open attitude towards labor rules, and the current domestic laws have basically implemented the ILO’s requirements on core labor standards at the level of textual provisions, but there is still a certain gap between the concrete implementation and the substantive requirements of the CPTPP labor rules at the level of dispute settlement. In particular, influenced by the “aggressive interpretation” of labor obligations in the dispute settlement panel report of the EU-Korea labor case, the binding dispute settlement mechanism of the CPTPP may raise the requirements of labor obligations, and China should make thorough and comprehensive risk assessment and preparation for this, and actively participate in a multi-level and differentiated plan based on China’s actual needs, partial freezing and continuous follow-up.

Public Health Officers' (PHO) experiences in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic can be based on whether the PHO is passive or active. Therefore, the study’s objectives are to identify the types of experiences and analyse the predictors of proactive practical experiences in solving COVID-19 among PHOs in the upper southern region of Thailand. Methods: An explanatory mixed-methods approach was used to collect data, through questionnaires and online in-depth interviews. The study was conducted from August 4, 2020, to August 3, 2021. Results: The results included 60 PHOs from 60 PCUs in 6 provinces, with 41 (68.3%) females and an average age of 35.57 years (SD = 11.61). The PHOs’ knowledge, understanding, and participation experience aspects were mostly proactive rather than passive. Factors that significantly predicted proactive practical experiences included sex (ORadj = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.04–2.21), age (ORadj = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48), married status (ORadj = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48), education level (ORadj = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.20), and position for work (ORadj = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48). Conclusions: PHOs’ knowledge, understanding, opinion, and participation experiences were significant predictors of practical experience. Primary health care systems should promote proactive experiences in all four aspects to increase proactive practical experiences.

Centrifugal pumps are widely employed in the oil refinery industry due to their efficiency and effectiveness in fluid transfer applications. The reliability of pumps plays a pivotal role in ensuring uninterrupted plant productivity and safe operations. Analysis of failure history data shows that bearings have been identified as critical components in oil refinery pump groups. However, traditional reliability estimation theories may not apply when data is limited or subject to right censoring. This paper addresses the complexity of estimating the Weibull distribution parameters using the maximum-likelihood method under the abovementioned conditions. The likelihood equation lacks an explicit analytical solution, necessitating the use of numerical methods for resolution. The proposed approach presented in this article leverages the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for estimating the Weibull distribution parameters. This method provides more accurate estimates of failure rates and probabilities by accounting for limited and censored data. The findings are demonstrated through a case study, showcasing the practical application of the proposed approach.

To handle the challenges and uncertainties of the actual labor market, the concept of employability becomes increasingly relevant, especially for graduates facing the transition from university to work. Graduate employability is a complex concept comprising different dimensions that may trigger effective job search and career management. This study introduces a new multifaceted tool, labeled the Orientamentis Questionnaire, to assess graduate employability from an agentic perspective, testing its psychometric properties. The Orientamentis questionnaire measures 14 dimensions merged into four 4 areas, namely graduate psychological capital, graduate agentic capabilities, graduate career perspective, and graduate proactive strategies. The tool was administered to a sample of 1238 graduate students (66% females) examining its factorial structure and reliability. To test its criterion validity, associations with three occupational outcomes collected one year later were explored on a subsample of 273 participants (66% females). Results attested the factorial structure of the Orientamentis questionnaire and the reliability of all dimensions. Moreover, the four areas and most of the dimensions were differently related to at least one subsequent occupational outcome. The Orientamentis Questionnaire represents a sound and reliable tool providing a multifaceted profile of graduate employability strengths and weaknesses, that could be used in academic placement programs to foster graduates’ self-awareness and proactive job search.

Remediation of IT issues encoded into domain-specific or user-defined alerts occurring in cloud environments and customer ecosystems in a vast majority of cases suffers from accurate recommendations which could be timely supplied for recovery of performance degradations. That, of course, is hard to realize through furnishing those abnormality definitions with an appropriate expert knowledge which varies from one environment to another. At the same time, in a large proportion of support cases, the reported problems under Global Support Services (GSS) or Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) treatment ultimately go down to the product teams making them waste costly development hours on investigating self-monitoring metrics of our solutions. Therefore, the mean-time-to-resolution (MTTR) rates of problems/alerts are significantly impacted from lack of a systematic approach towards adopting AI Ops. That would imply building, maintaining, and continuously improving/annotating a data store of insights that ML models are trained and generalized across the whole customer base and corporate cloud services. Our ongoing study is in line with such a vision and validates an approach that learns the alert resolution patterns in such a global setting and explains them using interpretable AI methodologies. The knowledge store of causative rules is then applied in predicting potential sources of the application degradation reflected in an active alert instance. In this communication, we share our experiences with a prototype solution and up to date analysis demonstrating how root conditions are discovered with a high accuracy for a specific type of problem. It is validated against the historical data of resolutions performed by heavy manual development efforts. We also offer a Dempster-Shafer theory-based rule verification framework for experts as a what-if analysis tool to test their hypotheses about underlying environment.

Proactivity is a particularly important attribute of knowledge-intensive organizations, where the work required to increase the potential of knowledge-intensive employees is crucial. A priority challenge for these firms is also to understand the increasing importance of the functioning of cognitive mechanisms leading to increased knowledge workers' well-being following the implementation of the psychological contract. The aim of this article is to identify the relationship between inclusive leadership, the fulfillment of the psychological contract, two dimensions of well-being: workplace and life well-being and knowledge workers' proactivity. Based on survey data collected through the CAWI method from 1.000 knowledge workers employed in Polish companies in the business services sector, the research hypotheses were tested using a stepwise equation modelling (SEM) technique, leading to a model containing all the main constructs. The results obtained indicate that inclusive leadership positively impacts the fulfillment of the psychological contract. Furthermore, the fulfillment of the psychological contract positively affects proactive working behavior with and the wellbeing of knowledge workers. Along with proactive work behavior, two dimensions of well-being, were examined as outcome variables. The analysis also shows that knowledge-intensive organizations, intending to build the proactivity of their employees and nurture a high level of well-being in their lives and in the workplace, should take care to fulfil the expectations and obligations of the psychological contract. However, one way to achieve this is for managers to use an inclusive management style, which supports an atmosphere of a safe working environment in a diverse setting and leads to employees feeling comfortable sharing their opinions and ideas. The study of inclusive leadership in the context of knowledge-intensive organizations provides human resource professionals and employee man-agers with important insights into how inclusive leadership can effectively contribute to the psychological contract, which will consequently lead to proactive work behavior and also improve employees' workplace and life well-being.

Although floods, as well as other natural disasters, can be considered relevant causes of intra-generational inequalities, the frequent catastrophes and the resulting damages to territory reflect the generalized indifference about inter-generational justice. Societal concerns, such as land protection, typically involve the administrative system performing proactive policies in the perspective of inter-generational solidarity, but subsidiarity has made more and more independent the local communities. As a consequence, the attention toward the long run effects – typically concerning the territorial system, as a whole, at the geographical scale – has been dispersed, and the proactive policies coming from the central government has became more ineffective. Regarding the case of the flood happened in 2009 in the Fiumedinisi-Capo Peloro hydraulic basin, in the northeastern part of Sicily, Italy, we propose an economic valuation – carried out by performing the method of the imputed preferences – in order to compare the expenses incurred by the public authorities responsible for protecting the territory to the costs of the rehabilitation of the damaged areas. Some considerations about the economic significance of the proactive policies for the arrangement of territory are addressed according to the role played by the social discount rate in the inter-temporal economic calculation.

This study examines the differential impact of proactive and reactive job crafting behaviors on job well-being, drawing from the perspective of boundary theory. The increasing popularity of work connectivity behavior after-hours (WCBA) after work has attracted widespread attention from scholars on the relationship between WCBA and employee well-being. One view suggests that the impact of WCBA is negative, while another view suggests it is positive. Obviously, the impact of (WCBA) on well-being at work is still contradictory. To clarify the complexity of the impact of WCBA on well-being at work, based on boundary theory, we divided WCBA into proactive WCBA (PC) and reactive WCBA (RC), and examined the double-edged sword effect of WCBA on well-being at work, as well as the mediating mechanisms of job control and work-to-home conflict, and the moderated effects of boundary segmentation preferences. This study uses empirical sampling method to collect data from 125 employees for a period of five days for quantitative research. The results show that, first, PC has an inverted U-shaped effect on job control, and job control is negatively related to well-being at work. Thus the mediating effect of job control is significant. Second, RC has a negative impact on job control, and there is also a negative relationship between job control and well-being at work. Therefore, the mediating effect of job control is significant. Third, PC and RC are positively correlated with work-to-home conflict, and work-to-home conflict has a significant positive impact on well-being at work. Therefore, the mediating effect of work-family conflict is significant. Fourth, the study also found that integration preference moderates the relationship between work-to-home conflict and PC on well-being at work, that is, the mediating effect of work-to-home conflict is stronger for employees with low integration preference. This study enriches our understanding of WCBA, PC and RC from the perspective of proactive and passive employee behaviors. The study also provides a new interpretation of the impact of WCBA on well-being at work and offers valuable insights for the sustainable development in digital social transformation and the application of boundary theory and the theory of empowerment-subjugation in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, the study deepens our understanding of the heterogeneous regulatory role played by work-family integration preferences in influencing well-being at work under different types of WCBA.