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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0367.v1

Rosmarinic Acid Multifunctional Sunscreen: Comet Assay and in Vivo Establishment of Cutaneous Attributes

Thalita Marcílio Cândido, Maíra Bueno Ariede, Claudinéia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira Pinto, Wagner Vidal Magalhães, Natália Mencacci Esteves Pedro, Giovana Padovani, Bianca da Silva Sufi, Maria Valéria Robles Velasco, Catarina Rosado, André Rolim Baby

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: rosmarinic acid; anti-inflammatory activity; comet assay; sunscreen; skin biocompatibility

Online: 27 June 2022 (13:22:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0359.v1

Biomolecular Fluorescence Complementation Profiling and Artificial Intelligence Structure Prediction of the Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus ORF18 and ORF30 Interaction

Yoshiko Maeda, Tadashi Watanabe, Taisuke Izumi, Kazushi Kuriyama, Shinji Ohno, Masahiro Fujimuro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV); Viral pre-initiation complex (vPIC); Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC); Artificial intelligence (AI) structure prediction; AlphaFold2

Online: 27 June 2022 (10:15:34 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0171.v3

Targeted Anti-mitochondrial Therapy: The Future of Oncology

Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Babak Behnam, Hassan Akbari, Moslem Bahadori

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: ATP; Cancer cell; Cancer Treatment; Mitochondria; T cell

Online: 27 June 2022 (05:07:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0334.v1

Environmental Exposures and Phenotype of Non-smoking COPD

Sameer Arbat, Ashok Arbat, Bharat Agrawal, Parimal Deshpande, Irfan Rahman, Swapnil Bakamwar, Prajakta Borkar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: non-smoking COPD; phenotypes; air pollution; biomass; occupational exposure

Online: 24 June 2022 (08:18:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0333.v1

Strategies for Generating Human Pluripotent Stem Cell- Derived-Organoid Culture for Disease Modelling, Drug Screening, and Regenerative Therapy

Zakiya Gania, Syarifah Tiara Noorintan, Ni Putu Diah Pradnya Septiari, Dhea Sandra Fitriany, Fuad Gandhi Torizal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: hPSCs derived-organoids; Culture strategy; Disease modeling; Drug screening; Regenerative therapy

Online: 24 June 2022 (08:11:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0327.v1

Strengthening the Role of Peer Counselors for Reproductive Health among Adolescent: From Philosophy into Practice

Ririn Harini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: adolescent; health reproductive; peer counselor

Online: 24 June 2022 (02:52:51 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0324.v1

Time of Dinner may Contribute to Keep Majorcan Children Free from Otitis

Ruth Diez, Sergio Verd, Jaume Ponce-Taylor, Antonio Gutierrez, Maria Llull, Maria-Isabel Martin-Delgado, Olga Cadevall, Jan Ramakers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: circadian clock; otitis media; late dinner; common cold; Mediterranean diet; oxidative stress; chronotype

Online: 23 June 2022 (10:37:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0305.v1

Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu

Deanna V. Maybee, Nicole L. Ink, Mohammad A.M. Ali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); MMP-2; MT1-MMP; intracellular roles; subcellular localization

Online: 22 June 2022 (05:19:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0302.v1

Proteomic Discovery and Validation of Novel Fluid Biomarkers for Improved Patient Selection and Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Disease Patient Cohorts

Shivangi Awasthi, Daniel S. Spellman, Nathan Galen Hatcher

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Neuroproteomics; Alzheimer’s disease biomarker; neurodegeneration

Online: 22 June 2022 (03:44:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0299.v1

Lipoprotein Subclasses Independently Contribute to Subclinical Variance of Microvascular and Macrovascular Health

Lukas Streese, Hansjoerg Habisch, Arne Deiseroth, Justin Carrard, Denis Infanger, Arno Schmidt-Trucksaess, Tobias Madl, Henner Hanssen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular risk; lipids; NMR spectroscopy; pulse wave velocity; retinal vessel diameters

Online: 22 June 2022 (03:37:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0296.v1

Storyboarding HIV Infected Young People’s Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Lower to Upper Middle-Income Countries: A New-Materialist Qualitative Evidence Synthesis

Lynn A Hendricks, Taryn Young, Susan Van Wyk, Catharina Matheï, Karin Hannes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: new materialism; assemblage; storyboarding; HIV; adherence; antiretroviral therapy; young people; perinatal infection; qualitative evidence synthesis; biopsychosocial

Online: 21 June 2022 (10:54:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0286.v1

Interleukin 17 and Its Involvement in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Michał Jarocki, Julia Karska, Szymon Kowalski, Paweł Kiełb, Łukasz Nowak, Wojciech Krajewski, Jolanta Saczko, Julita Kulbacka, Tomasz Szydełko, Bartosz Małkiewicz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: interleukin-17; renal cell carcinoma; immunotherapy; inflammation; tumor microenviroment; tumor development; Th17 lymphocytes

Online: 21 June 2022 (05:11:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0274.v1

α-amylase Inhibition Activity of Phytoconstituents Present in the Roots Of Cyclea peltata-An in-silico and in-vitro Investigation

Gandhimathi R., Binoy Varghese Cheriyan, Deevan Paul A., Saravanakumar A., Lakshmanan G.

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Cyclea peltata; Diabetes Mellitus; Docking; Schrodinger; Alpha amylase; Inhibition

Online: 20 June 2022 (14:33:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0272.v1

The Combination of Molnupiravir with Nirmatrelvir or GC376 has a Synergic role in the Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vitro

Anna Gidari, Samuele Sabbatini, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Sabrina Bastianelli, Sara Pierucci, Chiara Busti, Lucia Comez, Valeria Libera, Antonio Macchiarulo, Alessandro Paciaroni, Ilaria Vicenti, Maurizio Zazzi, Daniela Francisci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; molnupiravir; nirmatrelvir; GC376; PF-07321332; variant; synergy; an-tiviral

Online: 20 June 2022 (10:57:26 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0266.v1

Angiogenic Burst After Parp Inhibitor Maintenance Therapy in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report

Lifeng Lin, Rongkui Luo, Wen Gao, Ping Zhang, Yingyong Hou, Rongyu Zang, Tingyan Shi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: PARP inhibitor; angiogenesis; immune suppression; recurrent ovarian cancer

Online: 20 June 2022 (10:02:09 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0258.v1

Comparison of the Use of Desflurane vs. Propofol in Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery: Differences in Nephroprotection

Jose Luis Guerrero Orriach, Alfredo Malo-Manso, Mercedes Nuñez Galo, Inmaculada Bellido Estevez, Amalio Ruiz Salas, Jose Cruz Mañas, Lourdes Garrido Sanchez, Laura Gonzalez-Alvarez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: desflurane; cardiac surgery; halogenated; kidney; heart; preconditioning

Online: 20 June 2022 (04:52:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0257.v1

High Exogenous Antioxidant, Restorative Treatment for Prevention of Heart Failure: The Heart Diet

Ram B. Singh, Jan Fedacko, Dominik Pella, Daniel Pella, Ghizal Fatima, Yulia Gushchina, Aminat Magomedova, Galal Elkilany, Mahmood Moshiri, Krassimira Hristova, Viliam Mojto, Patrik Jakabcin, Natalia Vanova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Western diet; oxidative stress; cardiomyocyte; micronutrients; dietary fat

Online: 20 June 2022 (03:38:07 CEST)

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Heart failure (HF) has become a public health problem, but exact pathophysiology is still unknown. Western diet characterised with high sugar, high fat, red meat and processed meat, eggs, fried foods and sweetened beverages, may cause oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to oxidative dysfunction and adverse effects on cardiac-ultra-structure. However, only little is known about oxidative function of the of the myocardium and how oxidative dysfunction predispose Ca-overloading resulting in to physio-pathological remodelling leading to HF. Antioxidants such as flavonoids and polyphenolics, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals as well as essential and nonessential amino acids that are rich in Indo-Mediterranean type of diets, may have protective roles in maintaining oxidative functions of the heart. The cardiac cells use fatty acids and glucose for the metabolic functions depending upon physiological and metabolic requirements. Apart from glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity is also damaging to cardiac cells which worsen in presence of deficiency of endogenous antioxidants and lower exogenous antioxidants in the diet. There is increased production of ceramide, advanced glycation end products (AGE) and triamino-methyl-N-oxide (TMAO) due to high sugar and high fat diets, leading to oxidative dysfunction and Ca-overloading. The biological changes may begin with physiological remodelling to pathological remodelling due to oxidative damages. High fat diet in combination with inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOSi) via N-arginine methyl ester has been found to preserve ejection fraction in a mouse model of HF. It is possible that increased supplementation of High Exogenous Antioxidant Restorative Treatment (HEART) diet; polyphenolics and flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, arginine, with omega-3 fatty acids, and cessation of red meat and egg may further improve the oxidative function of cardiac cells, resulting in the prevention and improvement in the earliest of the Six Stages of HF. Cohort studies and randomised, controlled trials would be necessary for demonstration of the role of HEART diet in the management of HF.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0175.v2

Prehospital Stroke Care, Paramedic Training Needs, and Hospital-Directed Feedback in Lithuania

Kazimieras Melaika, Lukas Sveikata, Aleksandras Vilionskis, Adam Wiśniewski, Kristaps Jurjans, Andrius Klimašauskas, Dalius Jatužis, Rytis Masiliūnas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: survey; emergency medical services; training; stroke; prehospital care

Online: 16 June 2022 (10:58:04 CEST)

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Background: Emergency medical services (EMS) are the first health care contact for the majority of stroke patients. However, there is a lack of data on the current paramedics’ hospital-directed feedback and training needs across different health care settings. We aimed to evaluate paramedics’ prehospital stroke care knowledge, training needs, and current status of feedback on suspected stroke patients. Methods: We surveyed paramedics from the Vilnius region from September to November 2019, and compared the answers between the city and the district agencies. The questionnaire content included questions on paramedics’ demographic characteristics, prehospital stroke care self-assessment, knowledge on stroke mimics, stroke training needs, and the importance of hospital-directed feedback on suspected stroke patients. Results: A total number of 161 paramedics were surveyed, with more district paramedics rating their prehospital stroke care knowledge as inadequate (44.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32.8–57.6) vs 28.1% (95% CI 20.1–27.8), p = 0.028). In addition, more district paramedics indicated a need for additional stroke training (83.1% (95% CI 71.5–90.5) vs 69.8% (60.0–78.1), p = 0.043). However, respondents reported being the most confident while dealing with stroke (71.3%, 95% CI 63.8–77.7) compared to other time-critical conditions (p < 0.001). Vertigo (60.8%, 95% CI 53.0–68.0), brain tumours (56.3%, 95% CI 48.5–63.8), and seizures (54.4%, 95% CI 46.7–62.0) were indicated as the most common stroke mimics. Only 6.2% (95% CI 3.4–11.1) of respondents received formal feedback on the outcome of suspected stroke patients brought to the emergency department. Conclusion: A high proportion of paramedics self-perceive having inadequate stroke knowledge and an urgent need for further stroke training. The EMS staff indicate receiving an insufficient amount of feedback on suspected stroke patients, even though the usefulness is perceived to be paramount.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0239.v1

Management of Patients with Coagulation Disorders Undergoing Minor Oral Surgery

Pier Carmine Passarelli, Antonio D'Addona, Luigi Svaluto Ferro, Michele Antonio Lopez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Mouth; Dental diseases; Surgery

Online: 16 June 2022 (10:54:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0235.v1

Measurement of Serum Paraoxonase-1 Arylesterase Activity as a Screening Test for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

Xavier Gabaldó, Màrius Juanpere, Helena Castañé, Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs, Ana Felisa López-Azcona, Gerard Baiges-Gaya, Lourdes Castro, Enrique Valverde-Díaz, Aida Muñoz-Blázquez, Laura Giménez-Cuenca, Laura Felipo-Balada, Frederic Ballester, Isabel Pujol, Josep M Simó, Antoni Castro, Simona Iftimie, Jordi Camps, Jorge Joven

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: biomarkers; COVID-19; paraoxonase-1; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 16 June 2022 (09:13:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0230.v1

How the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Patients’ Care in the Vascular Surgery Divisions of the Southern Regions of the Italian Peninsula

Eugenio Martelli, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Matilde Zamboni, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Giancarlo Accarino, Giuseppe Bianco, Francesco Bonanno, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Enrico Cappello, Giovanni Cioffi, Giovanni Colacchio, Adolfo Crinisio, Salvatore De Vivo, Carlo Patrizio Dionisi, Loris Flora, Giovanni Impedovo, Francesco Intrieri, Luca Iorio, Gabriele Maritati, Piero Modugno, Mario Monaco, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Vincenzo Palazzo, Fernando Petrosino, Francesco Pompeo, Raffaele Pulli, Davide Razzano, Maurizio Ruggero Ruggieri, Carlo Ruotolo, Paolo Sangiuolo, Gennaro Vigliotti, Pietro Volpe, Antonella Biello, Pietro Boggia, Michelangelo Boschetti, Enrico Maria Centritto, Flavia Condò, Lucia Cucciolillo, Amodio Salvatore D'Amodio, Mario De Laurentis, Claudio Desantis, Daniela Di Lella, Giovanni Di Nardo, Angelo Disabato, Ilaria Ficarelli, Angelo Gasparre, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Alessandro Luongo, Mafalda Massara, Vincenzo Molinari, Andrea Padricelli, Marco Panagrosso, Anna Petrone, Serena Pisanello, Roberto Prunella, Michele Tedesco, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: COVID-19; carotid stenosis; abdominal aortic aneurysm; chronic limb-threatening ischemia; amputation; deep venous thrombosis

Online: 16 June 2022 (04:40:54 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0220.v1

Interdisciplinary Management of Radicular Cyst in Anterior Maxilla - A Case Report

Ghada Hadj Ali, Fedia Ajili, Chaima Hammami, Ikdam Blouza

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: endodontic; periapical lesions; bioceramic

Online: 15 June 2022 (09:56:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0206.v1

Evaluation of Baseline Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Is It Possible to Foresee the Prognosis in the First Step?

Benhur Sirvan Cetin, Ayşenur Paç Kısaarslan, Sedanur Tekin, Merve Basol Goksuluk, Ali Baykan, Başak Nur Akyıldız, Yılmaz Seçilmiş, Hakan Poyrazoglu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: COVID-19; multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); risk classification; prognosis

Online: 14 June 2022 (11:12:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0203.v1

Nupur Parakh, Puneet Sahi, Jagdish Chandra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Gilbert Syndrome; Deferiprone; bone deformity

Online: 14 June 2022 (10:18:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0189.v1

Association between Mortality and Cardiovascular Diseases in Vulnerable Mexican Populations, A Retrospective Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas, Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos, Gerardo Garza-Treviño, Kame A. Galán-Huerta, Zuca G-Buentello, Jorge A. Roacho-Pérez, Héctor Franco-Villareal, Ahidée Leyva-López, Ana Estrada-Rodriguez, Jorge E. Moreno-Cuevas, Javier Ramos-Jiménez, Ana Ma. Rivas-Estrilla, Elsa N. Garza-Treviño, Jose Francisco Islas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; Mexico COVID-19; Mexico metropolitan area

Online: 14 June 2022 (03:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0186.v1

Developing An Over-the-Counter Screening Model for Breast Cancer among the Asian Women Population

Tengku Muhammad Hanis, Nur Intan Raihana Ruhaiyem, Wan Nor Arifin, Juhara Haron, Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman, Rosni Abdullah, Kamarul Imran Musa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: screening model; breast cancer; explainable model; machine learning; Asian women

Online: 13 June 2022 (11:06:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0176.v1

Diagnostic Biomarkers Screened by Machine Learning Algorithms in Ankylosing Spondilytis

Jian Wen, Lijia Wan, Xieping Dong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: machine learning; ankylosing spondylitis; diagnostic model; immune microenvironment; informatics

Online: 13 June 2022 (09:42:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0174.v1

Neurodegeneration following Neurotrauma: Understanding Secondary Contributors

William Dodd, Eric Panther, Kevin Pierre, Jairo Hernandez, Devan Patel, Brandon Lucke-Wold

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neurotrauma; secondary mechanisms; neurodegeneration; therapeutics

Online: 13 June 2022 (09:35:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0170.v1

Fluid Gas Exchange for Flap Closure of Idiopathic Macular Hole

Tsung-Tien Wu, Kai-Ling Peng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Fluid gas exchange; flap closure; idiopathic macular hole; vitrectomy; inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique

Online: 13 June 2022 (05:35:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0166.v1

The Long-Term Efficacy, Prognostic Factors, Safety, and Hospitalization Costs following Denervation and Myotomy of the Affected Muscles and Deep Brain Stimulation in 94 Patients with Spasmodic Torticollis

Zhiqiang Cui, Tong Chen, Jian Wang, Zhiqi Mao, Longsheng Pan, Zhipei Ling, Jianning Zhang, Xuemei Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: spasmodic torticollis (ST); deep brain stimulation (DBS); denervation and myotomy (DAM); hospitalization cost; prognostic factors

Online: 13 June 2022 (04:12:34 CEST)

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Surgical methods for treating spasmodic torticollis include denervation and myotomy (DAM) of the affected muscles, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). This study reports on the long-term efficacy, prognostic factors, safety, and hospitalization costs following these two procedures. We collected data from 94 patients with spasmodic torticollis, of whom 41 and 53 were treated with DAM and DBS, respectively, from June 2008 to December 2020 at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. We used the Tsui scale and the global outcome score of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative clinical condition in all patients. We also determined the cost of hospitalization, prognostic factors, and serious adverse events following the two surgical procedures. The mean follow-up time was 68.83 months (range = 13–116). Both resection surgery and DBS showed good results in terms of Tsui (Z = -5.103, P = 0.000; Z = -6.210, P = 0.000) and TWSTRS scores (t = 8.762, P = 0.000; Z = -6.308, P = 0.000). Compared with the DAM group, the preoperative (47.71, range 24–67.25) and postoperative (18.57, range 0–53) TWSTRS scores in the DBS group were significantly higher (Z = -3.161, P = 0.002). We found no correlation between prognostic factors and the patient age, gender, or disease duration for either surgical procedure. However, prognostic factors were related to the length of the postoperative follow-up period in the DBS surgery group (Z = -2.068, P = 0.039; Z = -3.287, P = 0.001). The mean hospitalization cost in the DBS group was 6.85 times that found in the resection group (Z = -8.284, P = 0.000). The total complication rate was 4.26%. We found, both resection surgery and DBS, showed good results in the patients with spasmodic torticollis. Although DBS had a greater impact on the quality of life and the degree of pain relief, it was more expensive. Prognostic factors were related to the length of the postoperative follow-up period in patients who underwent DBS surgery.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0160.v1

Targeted Therapeutic Options and Future Perspectives for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Angelica Ferrando-Díez, Eudald Felip, Anna Pous, Milana Bergamino Sirven, Mireia Margelí

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: breast cancer; HER2-positive; estrogen receptor positive; triple-positive; HER2-targeted therapy; immunotherapy

Online: 10 June 2022 (11:03:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0149.v1

Early Prediction of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in ICU Patients Using An Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithm

Maxime Faucher, Satish Casie Chetty, Sepideh Shokouhi, Gina Barnes, Keyvan Rahmani, Jacob Calvert, Qingqing Mao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: critical care; artificial intelligence; predictive analytics; VAP; interpretable models

Online: 10 June 2022 (04:43:07 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0145.v1

Mirage or Miracle—Intraovarian Autologous Platelet Cytokines for Infertility and Menopause

E. Scott Sills

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: ovary; PRP; senescence; rejuvenation; hypoxia; telomere length

Online: 9 June 2022 (11:16:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0142.v1

Does Botulinum Toxin Type–a Improve Mandibular Motion and Muscle Sensibility in Myofascial Pain Tmd Subjects? A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Rodrigo Lorenzi Poluha, Célia Mariza Rizzatti-Barbosa, Natalia Alvarez Pinzón, Bruno Rodrigues Da Silva, Andre Mariz Almeida, Malin Ernberg, Ana Cristina Manso, Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim, Giancarlo De la Torre Canales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Botulinum toxin type A; Myofascial pain; Temporomandibular disorders

Online: 9 June 2022 (10:59:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0140.v1

From Text to E-text: Perceptions of Medical, Dental and Allied Students About E-learning

Ayesha Fahim, Sadia Rana, Saira Atif, Sakeenabi Basha, Irsam Haider, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Anil Kumar Nagarajappa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Undergraduate; Medical; Online; Distance Education; Perception

Online: 9 June 2022 (10:53:43 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0137.v1

FAIR Sharing of Reproducible Models of Epidemic and Pandemic Forecast

Kausthubh Ramachandran, Matthias König, Martin Scharm, Tung V. N. Nguyen, Henning Hermjakob, Dagmar Waltemath, Rahuman S. Malik Sheriff

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: FAIR; epidemiology; models; pandemic forecast; SIR modelling; standards

Online: 9 June 2022 (07:55:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0131.v1

Photoplethysmogram Recording Length: Defining Minimal Length Requirement from Dynamical Characteristics

Nina Sviridova, Tiejun Zhao, Akimasa Nakano, Tohru Ikeguchi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: photoplethysmogram; nonlinear dynamics; nonlinear time series analysis; data length assessment

Online: 9 June 2022 (02:57:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0123.v1

Influenza Vaccination Hesitancy and Acceptance among Healthcare Workers in Cape Town, South Africa

Samuel Muabe Alobwede, Elvis Kidzeru, Patrick DeMarie Katoto, Evelyn Ngwa Lumngwena, Sara Cooper, Rene Goliathl, Amanda Jackson, Charles S Wiysonge, Muki Shehu Shey

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Influenza vaccines; Vaccine hesitancy; Healthcare workers (HCWs); South Africa

Online: 8 June 2022 (10:03:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0121.v1

Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Laure-Alix Clerbaux, Maria Cristina Albertini, Núria Amigó, Anna Beronius, Gillina F.G. Bezemer, Sandra Coecke, Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos, Giusy Del Giudice, Dario Greco, Lucia Grenga, Alberto Mantovani, Amalia Muñoz, Elma Omeragic, Nikolaos Parissis, Mauro Petrillo, Laura A. Saarimäki, Helena Soares, Kristie Sullivan, Brigitte Landesmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; modulating factors; Adverse Outcome Pathway; sex; age; co-morbidities; lifestyle; environment; pre-existing conditions

Online: 8 June 2022 (09:47:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0116.v1

Protectivity of Covid-19 Vaccines and Its Relationship with Immune Response and Vaccination Strategy: a One-Year Cohort Study

Ferdi Tanir, Burak Mete, Hakan Demirhindi, Ertan Kara, Ersin Nazlıcan, Gülçin Dağlıoglu, Filiz Kibar, Salih Cetiner, Ceren Kanat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV2; inactivated vaccine; mRNA vaccine; COVID-19; homologous vaccination; heterolo-gous vaccination; protectivity

Online: 8 June 2022 (05:39:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0107.v1

The Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Treatment in Kuwait – a Retrospective Analysis from the Nation’s Largest Hospital

Wasmiya Ali AlHayyan, Khalaf AlShammari, Falah AlAjmi, Sharat Chandra Pani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Access to Dental Care; COVID-19; Dental Public Health

Online: 7 June 2022 (11:22:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0102.v1

MiWEndo: Evaluation of a Microwave Colonoscopy Algorithm for Early Colorectal Cancer Detection in Ex Vivo Human Colon Models

Marta Guardiola, Walid Dghoughi, Roberto Sont, Alejandra Garrido, Sergi Marcoval, Luz María Neira, Ignasi Belda, Glòria Fernández-Esparrach

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: endoscopes; medical diagnostic imaging; microwave antenna arrays; microwave imaging; colorectal cancer

Online: 7 June 2022 (09:55:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0101.v1

Clinical Research in Ayurveda - Can Statistics as A Scientific Discipline Help the Cause?

Vinay Mahajan, Vivek Sanker MK, Aswhini Mathur

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Ayurveda research; good research; hypothesis generation; hypothesis testing; managing bias and sample size

Online: 7 June 2022 (09:45:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0083.v1

On the Role of Robotic Assistance in Upper-Limb Neurorehabilitation

Aravind Nehrujee, Sujatha Srinivasan, Sivakumar Balasubramanian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: robotic assistance; Hebbian learning; sensorimotor recovery; upper-limb rehabilitation; stroke; re-habilitation robots

Online: 6 June 2022 (10:08:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0080.v1

The Frequency and Patterns of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome Reveal Initially Mild and Potentially Immunocytopenic Signs in Primarily Young Saudi Women

Kamaleldin B. Said, Amal Al-Otaibi, Luluh Aljaloud, Basmah Al-Anazi, Ahmed Alsolami, Fayez Saud Alreshidi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19 reactions; ITP syndromes 2; COVID-vaccine women susceptibility

Online: 6 June 2022 (09:43:09 CEST)

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Vaccination is the most promising approach for ending or containing the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. However, serious post-COVID vaccine reactions including immunocytopenia (ITP) syndrome has been increasingly reported. Several factors cause increased risks including multiple doses, age-dependent heterogeneity in immune-responses, platelet cross-reactions with microbial components, and Long-COVID syndrome. Thus, in the absence of a widely available specific therapeutics, vigilance is important while more studies are imperative. Using a structured questionnaire sent to different regions in Saudi Arabia, we conducted a comprehensive investigation on the frequency, rates, disease patterns, and patient demographics of post-COVID-19 side effects on febrile patients after three major vaccines. Results indicated the majority administered Pfizer BioNtech vaccine (81%, n=809); followed by AstraZeneca (16%, n=155); and Moderna (3%, n=34). In overall 998 participants, 74% (n=737) had no serious symptoms; however, 26.2% (n=261) revealed typical syndrome. In a focused group of 722, shortness of breath (20%), bruises or bleeding (18%), inattention (18%), GIT symptoms (17.6%), skin irritation (8.6%), and anosmia and ageusia (8%) were the most prominent. The onset time was mostly in 1-3 days in 49% (n=128), followed by 4-7 days in 21.8% (n=57), 8-14 days in 16.5% (n=43), and more than a month in 12.6% (n=33). The onsets occurred mostly after the first, second, or both doses 9%, 10%, and 7%, respectively. The frequency of symptoms was significantly higher among after Moderna ® vaccine (P-value = 0.00006) and it was significantly lower in participants who received Pfizer (P-value 0.00231). We did not find significant difference in symptoms related to differences in regions. Similarly, the region, age, gender, education, and nationality had no influence in the dose and onset timings. The findings of this study have significant clinical implications in disease management strategies, preventive measures, and vaccine development. Future vertical studies would reveal more insights into the mechanisms of post-COVID vaccine syndrome.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0069.v2

Efficacy of Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Glass Membrane Emulsification Device

Toru Ishikawa, Erina Kodama, Takamasa Kobayashi, Motoi Azumi, Yujiro Nozawa, Akito Iwanaga, Tomoe Sano, Terasu Honma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; conventional transarterial chemoembolization; emulsion; lipiodol; glass membrane emulsification device

Online: 6 June 2022 (05:53:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0063.v1

Extracellular Alterations in Ph and K+ Modify the Murine Brain Endothelial Cell Total and Phospho-Proteome

Jared Wahl, Anjali Vivek, Seph M. Palomino, Moyad Almuslim, Karissa E. Cottier, Paul R Langlais, John M. Streicher, Todd W. Vanderah, Erika Liktor-Busa, Tally M. Largent-Milnes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Blood Brain Barrier; pH; Proteome; Phospho-Proteome; Endothelial

Online: 6 June 2022 (05:51:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0294.v2

The Impact of General Anesthesia on Redox Stability and Epigenetic Inflammation Pathways. Crosstalk on Perioperative Antioxidant Therapy

Stelian Adrian Ritiu, Alexandru Florin Rogobete, Dorel Sandesc, Ovidiu Horea Bedreag, Marius Papurica, Sonia Elena Popovici, Daiana Toma, Robert Iulian Ivascu, Raluca Ramona Velovan, Dragos Nicolae Garofil, Dan Corneci, Melania Lavinia Bratu, Elena Mihaela Pahontu, Adriana Pistol

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: general anesthesia; redox; inflammation; antioxidants; hypermetabolism; microRNAs; biomarkers; oxidative stress; Vitamin C

Online: 6 June 2022 (05:09:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0056.v1

The Current Status of Cigarette Smoking and Air Pollution Associated Lung Cancer

Fayang Ma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: lung cancer; cigarette smoking; air pollution; epidemiology; etiology

Online: 6 June 2022 (03:51:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0054.v1

Impacts of COVID-19 on Accessibility of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: Scoping Review

Josphat Nkole, Muyembe Chisotwa, Rachael Chikumbi, Francis Bota, Mainga Mulemwa, Margareta Kasonde, Chofwe Musele, Nkisu Kasapatu, Brian Chanda Chiluba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: family planning service and COVID-19; maternal; Neonatal and child health service and COVID-19; sexual behaviour and COVID-19; SARSCOVID-2 and family planning

Online: 6 June 2022 (03:39:05 CEST)

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Introduction: Since its discovery in late 2019, the novel coronavirus (SARSCOVID-2) that causes COVID-19 has spread fast, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate the disease a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020.The epidemic has profoundly altered the preexisting global sexual and reproductive health landscape .The virus’s load has put ordinary services in jeopardy and harmed other health priorities. This encompasses both the provision and the supply of contraceptives, sexual health, new born and maternal health services. This Scoping review therefore mapped the availability evidence on the impact and effects of the COVID-19 disease outbreak on sexual and reproductive health. Methods: The methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley guided this scoping review. A literature search was conducted from the following databases: Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, WOS, and AJOL. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist were used to document the review process. The Strobe critical review checklist was used to determine the quality of the included studies. Results:19 studies were reviewed, out of which 4 were cross sectional studies, 1 was an observational study, 1 was a descriptive analytical study and the rest were qualitative studies .Majority of the studies showed evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and family planning service, maternal and child services, and three studies reported on COVID-19 and sexual behaviour. Five of the nineteen included studies reported on the impact of COVID-19 and family planning service. Conclusion: This scoping review has granted the assessment of the impact of novel SARS-CoV-2 on Sexual and reproductive health services with regards to sexual behaviour, family planning and maternal, neonatal and child health. From the 18 articles identified and reviewed, the overall responses stipulated a significant reduction in client’s utilization of services due to challenges experiences in service implementation such as stock outs. In addition, low demand for reproductive health services by clients due to restrictions imposed on the movements of people to curb the spread of the virus. It is therefore important that Governments and relevant stakeholders in Maternal and Sexual Reproductive Health prioritize development of policies and practices that protect women from the impacts of the pandemic. Furthermore, regular audits to detect trends in MSRH are necessary to inform on going mitigation efforts.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0046.v1

Epigenetic Modifications and Targeted Therapy in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Huan Xu, Yuxi Wen, Runming Jin, Hongbo Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; Pediatric; Epigenetics; DNA methylation; Histone modification; Non-coding RNAs; Therapy

Online: 3 June 2022 (10:59:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0043.v1

LumbarNet: A Deep Learning Network for the Automated Detection of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis From X-Ray Images

Giam Minh Trinh, Hao-Chiang Shao, Kevin Li-Chun Hsieh, Ching-Yu Lee, Hsiao-Wei Liu, Chen-Wei Lai, Sen-Yi Chou, Pei-I Tsai, Kuan-Jen Chen, Fang-Chieh Chang, Meng-Huang Wu, Tsung-Jen Huang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: deep learning; lumbarnet; lumbar spine; spondylolisthesis; u-net

Online: 3 June 2022 (10:15:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0036.v1

The Latest News for May 2022 All You Need to Know on Monkeypox

dheeraj m

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Monkeypox; prevention; treatment; endemic; transmission

Online: 2 June 2022 (16:18:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0029.v1

Association of Hepatic and Renal Injury in a Retrospective Cohort of Hospitalized Adolescents with Anorexia

Coline Mejean, Julie Berbis, Cyprien Fabre, Rachel Reynaud, Sarah Castets, Gilbert Simonin, Michel Tsimaratos, Alexandre Fabre

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Anorexia; adolescents; pediatric; liver injury; aminotransferase; renal injury; refeeding

Online: 2 June 2022 (07:58:28 CEST)

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Background: Only few pediatric reports exist regarding the prevalence, cause and evolution of liver and renal injury in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and the risk factors of hepatic and renal failure at admission and during hospitalization, especially during refeeding in a cohort of hospitalized adolescents with AN.Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of adolescents with AN in a single hospital of Marseille from 2013 to 2019, we compared four groups on admission: elevated aminotransferases (AT)/normal AT and renal injury/no renal injury to analyze the differences between them (demographic factors, anthropometric factors, disease duration, initial prescribed calories, speed of refeeding, aminotransferase level, glomerular filtration rate). We observed the evolution of AT and renal injury for these four groups during refeeding (by the increase of kilocalories). Results: A total of 29 subjects with AN met eligibility criteria (age: 14.2 years, female (86.2%), BMI at admission (Z-score= -2.8 standard deviation (SD)) with elevated AT (20.7 %) and renal injury (13.8 %) on admission. Lower Z-score BMI (-4.05 vs -2 SD, p = 0.013), lower expected weight for height (69% vs 76%, p = 0.034) and longer disease duration (2.1 vs 0.9 years, p =0,032) were significantly associated with elevated liver enzymes at admission. Lower Z-score BMI (-3.35 vs -2.5 SD, p = 0.002), lower expected weight for height at admission (69% vs 74,5%, p = 0.002) and loss of weight before admission (0.66 vs à 0.20 kg per day, p = 0.002) were associated with renal injury at admission. Time nadir BMI (13.5 vs 6.5 days, p = 0.034) and duration of hospitalization (55 vs 41 days, p = 0.036) were longer in elevated enzymes on admission group. During refeeding, liver enzymes (95% confidence interval (CI), odds ratio (OR) aspartate aminotransferase: -0.07 [-0.11; -0.03] and OR alanine aminotransferase: -0.16 [-0.27; -0.06]) and renal injury (95% CI, OR creatinine: -0.013 [-0.017; -0.008]) have normalized with the increase of calories, with significant association.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that degree of malnutrition is associated with liver and renal injury on admission. Theses failures disappeared with refeeding. In the future, prospective multicentric studies could examine evolution of renal and hepatic failure undergoing refeeding in large pediatric cohort of AN.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0024.v1

Predictors of Willingness of the General Public to Receive a Second COVID-19 Booster Dose or a New COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece

Petros Galanis, Irene Vraka, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Olga Siskou, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Theodoros Katsoulas, Theodoros Mariolis-Sapsakos, Daphne Kaitelidou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: second COVID-19 booster; vaccination; COVID-19; willingness; predictors; general population

Online: 2 June 2022 (04:07:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0010.v1

The SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Promotes MAPK and NF-kB Activation and Inflammatory Cytokine Production In Human Lung and Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Christopher B Forsyth, Lijuan Zhang, Abhinav Bhushan, Barbara A. Swanson, João I. Mamede, Maliha Shaikh, Li Zhang, Ali Keshavarzian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; ARDS; Cytokine Storm; Spike S1 protein; SARS-CoV-2, Long COVID; ACE2; A549 cells; Caco-2 cells

Online: 1 June 2022 (09:49:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0007.v1

Neuromuscular Fatigue Responses of Endurance and Strength-Trained Athletes during Incremental Cycling Exercise

Maciej Jurasz, Michał Boraczyński, Zbigniew Wójcik, Piotr Gronek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: neuromuscular fatigue; muscle bioelectrical activity; rating of perceived exertion; cycling exercise

Online: 1 June 2022 (06:23:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0004.v1

The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Function and the Implication for Rehabilitation: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sarah Houben, Bruno Bonnechère

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Long-COVID; cognitive disorders; rehabilitation

Online: 1 June 2022 (05:50:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0002.v1

Oxygen and the Spark of Human Brain Evolution: a Complex Systems Account

Andrea Luppi, Fernando Rosas, Maryann Noonan, Pedro Mediano, Morten Kringelbach, Robin Carhart-Harris, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Anthony Vernon, Federico Turkheimer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Human brain evolution; complex systems theory

Online: 1 June 2022 (03:37:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0181.v2

Quality of Research in Residents of Medical Specialties after a Standardized Digital Training Program with Rubrics

Valeria Jimenez Baez, Maria Erika Gutierrez De la Cruz, Luis Sandoval Jurado, Luis Roberto Martínez Castro, Francisco Javier Alcocer Nuñez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Scoring; Rubrics; Health; Personnel; Program Evaluation; Distance Education; Residency Education; Speciality

Online: 31 May 2022 (14:06:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0417.v1

Predicting COVID-19 Infections in Eswatini Using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method

Sabelo Nick Dlamini, Wisdom Mdumiseni Dlamini, Ibrahima Socé Fall

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Eswatini; risk mapping; Poisson regression

Online: 31 May 2022 (11:04:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0350.v3

When the Patient Is Making the (Wrong?) Diagnosis: A Biographical Approach to Patients Consulting for Presumed Lyme Disease

Lutaud Romain, Pierre Verger, Patrick Peretti-Watel, Carole Eldin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: lyme disease; clinical decision-making; medical history taking; physician-patient relation; primary health care; qualitative research

Online: 31 May 2022 (09:14:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0413.v1

Routine Use of Financial Capacity Instruments for Clinical Decisional Capacity Testing: A Scoping Review

Eduard P. Drima

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: financial capacity instruments; Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for Financial Capacity; deci-sional capacity; mild cognitive impairment; gamification

Online: 31 May 2022 (07:37:21 CEST)

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Financial capacity instruments are psychometric tools designed to evaluate individual decisional capacity based on financial decisions. As tests are complex and need special conditions for administration and evaluation, it is difficult to use them in daily geriatric clinics. Our scoping review objective was to evaluate existing financial capacity instruments from the perspective of simplicity and portability. We evaluated one English speaking knowledge database (Medline) using a dedicated MeSH terminology. The review yielded one independent instrument, The Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for Financial Capacity, that can be easy adapted for every-day clinical use. It is simple to understand and perform and do not need trained personnel for administration. It can be finalized in 15 minutes. Initially validated on 261 subjects (with different forms of cognitive impairment), it showed good accuracy and precision mainly in subjects with cognitive impairment. The test is less apt to detect early or fluctuating cognitive impairment. Simplicity, the main advantage of the test, allows gamification fact that increases portability. Familiar images (coins, money) that are used for performing simple tasks does not need complex translation and adaptation. In form of a game, the test is suitable for serial administration, increasing the chance for early capacity reduction detection. Results reflect a physician judgement related to the subjects’ capacity to understand and execute simple financial instructions and not financial proficiency scores. The main limitation of our review is that we investigated only one, English speaking, knowledge database. The scoping strategy generated a financial capacity instrument that can be used in geriatric clinics for early diagnostic of decisional capacity reduction. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the test in conditions of serial administration and in populations having various financial experience.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0202.v2

Safety of Handover: A Global Online Survey of Clinical Practitioners and Leaders Regarding Patient Safety during Transitions of Care

D.J. Hamblin-Brown, Julia Craggs, David Wright, Judi Ingram, Johann Grundlingh, Nhlanhla Ndlovu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Clinical handover; Patient Handoff; Patient transfer; Referral and Consultation; Medical Records Systems; Computerized; Patient Safety; Risk Management; Attitude; Institutional Practice

Online: 31 May 2022 (07:14:42 CEST)

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Background: Handover is a critical process for ensuring quality and safety in healthcare. Considerable research suggests that poor handover results in significant morbidity, mortality, dissatisfaction, and excess financial costs. Despite this, little formal attention, education, and evaluation has been given to handover. There is also paucity of data on the opinions of practitioners on the safety of handover.Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the perceived risk, degree of patient harm and the systems used to support handover, and to understand how this varied by care setting, type of clinical practice, location, or level of experience. Methods: An open, anonymous and confidential online questionnaire covering: (a) respondent characteristics; (b) peer-to-peer handover; (c) internal referrals; (d) discharges and transfers between organisations; and (e) leading and improving handover was conducted with healthcare practitioners and managers from various settings. Results: We gathered a total of 432 completed responses from 26 countries. The average reported performance of handover was rated as 3.9 out of 5.For each type of handover, 12 - 14% reported errors occurring more than weekly. Of those that knew the outcome of such errors, between 29% and 34% reported that they had witnessed moderate or severe harm. 12% and 17% of respondents believed that handover was high or very high risk (See table 4). These respondents were more likely to have witnessed moderate or severe harm, or to be more senior.A wide combination of handover systems was utilised by respondents. 28% - 32% relied exclusively on EPRs (with or without face-to-face contact). 21% used Office documents such as Word and Excel for peer-to-peer handover, and over 30% used hand-written or manual systems. Conclusions: This study suggests the need to do more — and go further — to improve communication and reduce risk during all types of handovers. Clinical leaders should find ways to train and support handover with effective systems, with less experienced staff being the primary focus. More research is needed to demonstrate the interventions that improve the safety of handover.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0409.v1

Are There Sex Differences in Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Daniela Caldirola, Tatiana Torti, Francesco Cuniberti, Silvia Daccò, Alessandra Alciati, Koen Schruers, Giovanni Martinotti, Domenico De Berardis, Giampaolo Perna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: childhood trauma; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; sex difference; age

Online: 31 May 2022 (03:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0403.v1

Culture-Independent PCR Detection and Differentiation of Mycobacteria spp. in Antemortem Respiratory Samples from African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis) in South Africa

Wynand J. Goosen, Charlene C. Clarke, Léanie Kleynhans, Tanya J. Kerr, Peter Buss, Michele A. Miller

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: African elephants; broncholoalveolar lavage; Hain CMdirect V1.0; ku PCR; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; non-tuberculous mycobacteria; rhinoceros; rpoB PCR; trunk wash; Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra

Online: 30 May 2022 (16:33:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0372.v1

Improvement in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Score by Multi-Function Swing Suspension Training Program

Sara Sepehri far, Banafsheh Amiri, Mansour Sahebozamani, Hossein Ali Ebrahimi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Score; Multi-Function Swing Suspension Training

Online: 27 May 2022 (08:59:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0368.v1

Finding Waldo: The Evolving Paradigm of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)-Guided Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Assessment in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

Sakti Chakrabarti, Anup Kasi, Aparna Raj Parikh, Amit Mahipal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: circulating tumor DNA; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; minimal residual disease; adjuvant chemotherapy

Online: 27 May 2022 (03:52:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0357.v1

Differentiating False Positive Lesions from Clinically Significant Cancer and Normal Prostate Tissue using VERDICT MRI and Other Diffusion Models

Snigdha Sen, Vanya Valindria, Paddy J. Slator, Hayley Pye, Alistair Grey, Alex Freeman, Caroline Moore, Hayley Whitaker, Shonit Punwani, Saurabh Singh, Eleftheria Panagiotaki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: prostate cancer; diffusion MRI; false positives; biophysical modelling; deep learning

Online: 26 May 2022 (08:30:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0356.v1

Teledermoscopy in the Diagnosis of Melanocytic and Non-melanocytic Skin Lesions: Nurugo^tm Derma Smartphone Microscope as a Possible New Tool in Daily Clinical Practice

Federica Veronese, Vanessa Tarantino, Elisa Zavattaro, Francesca Biacchi, Chiara Airoldi, Massimo Salvi, Silvia Seoni, Francesco Branciforti, Kristen M. Meiburger, Paola Savoia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: Teledermatology; Teledermoscopy; skin cancer diagnosis

Online: 26 May 2022 (07:53:54 CEST)

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Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, teledermoscopy has been increasingly used in the remote diagnosis of skin cancers. In a study conducted in 2020, we demonstrated a potential role of an inexpensive device (NurugoTM Derma) as a first triage to select the skin lesions that require a face-to-face consultation with dermatologists. Herein, we report the results of a novel study that aims to better investigate the performance of NurugoTM. Objectives i) verify whether the NurugoTM can be a communication tool between the General Practitioner (GP) and dermatologist in the first assessment of skin lesions; ii) analyze the degree of diagnostic-therapeutic agreement between dermatologists; iii) estimate the number of potentially serious diagnostic errors. Methods One hundred forty-four images of skin lesions were collected at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in Novara using a conventional dermatoscope (instrument F), the NurugoTM (instrument N), and the latter with the interposition of a laboratory slide (instrument V). The images were evaluated in-blind by four dermatologists, and each was asked to make a diagnosis and to specify a possible treatment. Results: Our data show that F gave higher agreement values for all dermatologists, concerning the real clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, a medium/moderate agreement value was obtained also for N and V instruments and that can be considered encouraging and indicate that all examined tools can potentially be used for the first screening of skin lesions. The total amount of misclassified lesions was limited (especially with the V tool), with up to nine malignant lesions wrongly classified as benign. Conclusions NurugoTM, with adequate training, can be used to build a specific support network between GP and dermatologist or between dermatologists. Furthermore, its use could be extended to the diagnosis and follow-up of other skin diseases, especially for frail patients in emergencies such as the current pandemic context.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0346.v1

The Effects of Low-Dose Empagliflozin on Cardiac Function and Β-Adrenoceptor Responses in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Zeynep Elif Yesilyurt, Irem Karaomerlioglu, Betul Rabia Erdogan, Gaye Ozturk, Martin C. Michel, Ebru Arioglu-Inan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: β-adrenoceptor; diabetes; empagliflozin; heart; pressure-volume loop analysis

Online: 25 May 2022 (09:59:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0023.v2

Normalization of the α1-Na/K-ATPase/Src Signalosome Restored Microbiota Communities and Rescinded NASH Progression in the Mouse

Mathew Schade, Jacqueline A. Sanabria, Amrita Mallick, Rodrigo Aguilar, Michael Andryka, Daniela Schlatzer, Xiaolin Li, F. E. Hazlett, Maureen Kachman, Aravinda Raskind, Utibe-Abasi Udoh, Pradeep K. Rajan, Juan D. Sanabria, Henri Brunengraber, Komal Sodhi, Sandrine Pierre, Zijian Xie, Joseph I. Shapiro, Juan Sanabria

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: pSrc; Glutathione; Na/K-ATPase; metabolic prints; metabolomics; NAFLD; NASH; high-fat diet; fibrosis; inflammation

Online: 25 May 2022 (08:37:22 CEST)

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BACKGROUND. Two sequelae of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), ESLD and HCC, have become the leading causes for liver transplantation in the Western. The present study aims to approach the cellular metabolic disturbances involved in NASH progression that are associated with microbiota community changes. METHODS. Metabolic effects and microbiota community changes were explored in the murine with NASH progression by blocking the Na/K-ATPase/Src/reactive oxygen amplification loop using the synthetic targeting peptide pNaKtide. DNA from the terminal ileum microbiota habitat was obtained and amplified by PCR to develop DNA bacterial phylogenic sequence analysis of wild type and treated animals at 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Induced changes by pSrc normalization at 24 weeks were correlated with liver morphological changes, intestinal CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and liver macrophage CD14+ expression. Differences among groups were evaluated by ANOVA/t-test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). RESULTS. Microbiota communities varied significantly at all time points (12, 24 and 48 weeks), with an increase of Verrucomicrobia and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the HFD group. Microbiota community changes regressed to their wild-type state at 24 weeks on treated animals, and those changes were associated with a decrease in liver inflammation and senescence, lower ileum CD4+/CD8+ T cells and higher liver CD14+ cells (p<0.05). Concomitantly, the metabolic disturbances in our diet-induced NASH model were normalized by NKA/Src signaling blockage and exercise with a paucity of apoptotic activity, mitigation of cell senescence, and regression of liver fibrosis (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS. pSrc inhibition at caveolar α1-Na/K-ATPase rescinded NASH-related metabolic disturbances establishing resident physiological microbiota communities with concomitant paucity on apoptotic activity and regression of liver fibrosis; effects that were associated with both gut and liver T-lymphocyte responses.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0342.v1

Predictive and Prognostic Value of Non-coding RNA in Breast Cancer

Navid Sobhani, Richard Chahwan, Raheleh Roudi, Rachel Morris, Stefano Volinia, Dafei Chai, Alberto D'Angelo, Daniele Generali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: noncoding RNA; biomarkers; breast cancer; prognostic; diagnostic

Online: 25 May 2022 (05:09:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0071.v2

Trends of Treatment Development in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Promise, Progress, and Challenges

Ping Jiang, Kai Wei, Jianan Zhao, Yehua Jin, Cen Chang, Runrun Zhang, Lingxia Xu, Linshuai Xu, Yiming Shi, Shicheng Guo, Steven J. Schrodi, Dongyi He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; precision medicine; new treatment; drug development; method development

Online: 25 May 2022 (04:59:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0336.v1

LncRNA Prostate Androgen-Regulated Transcript 1 (Part-1) Promotes the Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression via Regulating miR-204-3p/IGFBP-2 pathway

Kenfen Li, Yanping Zhang, Yunfeng Wang, Xin Guo, Xianhui Dai, Li Song

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Long non-coding RNA; Prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1; miR-204-3p; insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2

Online: 24 May 2022 (11:57:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0332.v1

Toxicity of Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy up to 84 Gray for Prostate Cancer

Johannes Rosenbrock, Christian Baues, Marius Kreis, Redouane Fouassi, Eren Celik, Pia Paffenholz, David Pfister, Axel Heidenreich, Simone Marnitz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: prostate cancer; radiotherapy; toxicity; dose escalation

Online: 24 May 2022 (10:47:08 CEST)

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Introduction The outcome of radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCA) depends on the delivered dose. While the evidence for dose-escalated RT up to 80 Gy is well established, there have been only few studies examining dose escalation above 80 Gy. We initiated the presented study to assess the safety of dose escalation up to 84 Gy. Patients and methods In our retrospective analysis, we included patients who received dose-escalated RT for PCA at our institution between 2016 and 2021. We evaluated acute genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity as well as late GU and GI toxicity. Results A total of 86 patients could be evaluated, of whom 24 patients had received 80 Gy and 62 patients had received 84 Gy (35 without pelvis- and 27 with pelvis-radiotherapy). Regarding acute toxicities, no adverse events > grade 2 occurred. 12.5% of patients treated with 80Gy, in 25.7% of patients treated with 84 Gy excluding pelvis, and in 51.9% of patients treated with 84Gy including pelvis suffered from Grade 2 GU acute toxicity (80 Gy versus 84 Gy: p=0.186; with pelvis versus without pelvis: p=0.032). Grade 2 GI toxicity occurred in 12.5% of patients irradiated with 80Gy, in 14.3% of patients treated with 84 Gy excluding pelvis, and in 12.9% of patients treated with 84Gy including pelvis (80 Gy versus 84 Gy: p=0.582; with pelvis versus without pelvis: p=0.510).GU late toxicity of grade ≥ 2 occurred in 4.2% of patients treated with 80 Gy, in 7.1% of patients treated with 84 Gy excluding pelvic RT, and in 18.2% of patients treated with 84 Gy including pelvic RT (logrank-test p=0.237). 8.3% of patients treated with 80 Gy, in 3.6% of patients treated with Gy excluding pelvic RT, and in 0% of patients treated with 84 Gy including pelvic RT suffered from GI late toxicity of grade ≥ 2(logrank-test p=0.358). Conclusion We were able to show that dose-escalated RT in PCA up to 84 Gy is feasible and safe without asubstantial increase in toxicity. Further follow up is needed to assess survival.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0330.v1

Variant Allele of ALDH2, rs671 Associates with Attenuated Post-Vaccination Response in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein IgG: A Prospective Study in the Japanese General Population

Akiko Matsumoto, Megumi Hara, Mohammad Said Ashenagar, Mikiko Tokiya, Takeshi Sawada, Chiharu Iwasaka, Takuma Furukawa, Kyoko Kitagawa, Yasunobu Miyake, Yoshio Hirota

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: ALDH2; rs671; COVID-19; vaccine; immunogenicity

Online: 24 May 2022 (10:08:35 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0329.v1

Apple Watch for Pulse Rate Assessment Detects Unidentified Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Kiichi Hirota, Maretoshi Hirai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Apple Watch; wearable sensor; pulse rate; arrhythmia; atrial fibrillation; case report

Online: 24 May 2022 (09:49:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0328.v1

An Update on the General Features of Breast Cancer in Male Patients- a Literature Review

Sinziana Ionescu, Alin Nicolescu, Marian Marincas, Octavia Luciana Madge, Laurentiu Simion

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: male; breast; cancer; diagnosis; treatment; prognosis

Online: 24 May 2022 (09:34:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0291.v2

Reductions in Anxiety, Depression and Insomnia in Health Care Workers Using a Non-pharmaceutical Intervention

Katherine Currie B.S., Babu V. Gupta, Ishan Shivanand, Amit Desai, Shweta Bhatt, Hari S. Tunuguntla, Sadhna Verma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Yoga of Immortals (YOI); depression; healthcare workers; insomnia; anxiety; PHQ-8 (Pa-tient Health Questionnaire-8); ISI (Insomnia Severity Index); digital health

Online: 24 May 2022 (04:49:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0320.v1

Further Validation of the Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Ques-tionnaire-32 (CUCQ-32) to Measure the Quality of Life in Pa-tients Treated with Biologics Therapy

Laith Alrubaiy, Rafid Sikafi, Hayley Anne Hutchings, Ian Arnott, John G. Williams

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: crohn's disease; inflmmatory bowel disease; quality of life; ulcerative colitis

Online: 24 May 2022 (04:33:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0310.v1

The Effects of Olfactory Loss and Parosmia on Food and Cooking Habits, Sensory Awareness, and Quality of Life – A Possible Avenue for Regaining Enjoyment of Food

Alexander Wieck Fjaeldstad, Barry C. Smith

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: olfactory loss; parosmia; food liking; cooking

Online: 24 May 2022 (02:59:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0338.v2

The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: A Nationwide Survey of Trainees in Saudi Arabia

Omar M. Wazgar, Ahmad A. Mirza, Ammar A. Almaghrabi, Roaa M. Ghandour, Sarah A. Alenizi, Khalid S. Alraddadi, Abdulrahim A. Mirza, Fayzah H. Al-Adwani, Mohammed A. Alsakkaf, Yahea Alzahrani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Diagnostic imaging; Education; Radiology; Saudi Arabia

Online: 23 May 2022 (11:13:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0305.v1

Occurrence of Lymphangiogenesis in Peripheral Nerve Autografts Contrasts Schwann Cell-induced Apoptosis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in vitro

Carina Hromada, Jaana Hartmann, Johannes Oesterreicher, Anton Stoiber, Anna Daerr, Barbara Schädl, Eleni Priglinger, Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller, Wolfgang Holnthoner, Johannes Heinzel, David Hercher

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: peripheral nerve regeneration; lymphangiogenesis; Schwann cells; lymphatic endothelial cells

Online: 23 May 2022 (11:02:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1

Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Amina Faheem, Qaisar Raza, Sanaullah Iqbal, Rakhshanda Batool, Umer Faheem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0216.v2

Comprehensive Biotechnical System for Screening Risk-Based Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome

Vladimir Savostyanov, Alexander Kobelev, Ivan Kudashov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Bioimpedance; COVID-19; E-health; Health Care Personnel; Pathophysiology; Post-COVID syndrome; Rheography

Online: 23 May 2022 (05:26:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0286.v1

In Vivo Analysis of the Immune Response to Strontium- and Copper-doped Bioglasses

Said Alkildani, Armando Mandlule, Milena Radenković, Stevo Najman, Sanja Stojanovic, Ole Jung, Yanru Ren, Baoyi Cai, Oliver Görke, Franziska Schmidt, Mike Barbeck

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: bioglass; ion release; hydroxyapatite deposition; bone tissue regeneration; macrophages; vascularization; copper doping; strontium doping; 45S5; ICIE16

Online: 23 May 2022 (05:24:12 CEST)

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Bioglasses are highly adoptable bone substitute materials, which can be combined with so-called therapeutic ions. These ions have shown to influence underlying molecular processes of the bone regeneration cascade. Moreover, it is known that bone substitutes induce an immune reaction within their implantation area involving macrophages and their pro- and anti-inflammatory subtypes dependent on their chemical composition. However, only poor knowledge exists regarding the influence of therapeutic ions onto the immune reactions and the associated bone healing. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the influence of strontium- and copper-doped bioglasses on the induction of M1- and M2-macrophages as well as the implant bed vascularization. (2) Methods: For this study, two alkali glasses were produced on basis of ICIE-16 bioglass via the melt-quench route with the addition of 5 wt% copper or strontium (ICIE16-Cu and ICIE16-Sr). Pure ICIE16 and 45S5 bioglasses were used as control materials. The bioactivity (ion release), chemical composition and the surface pattern were investigated, as well as an in vivo experiment was performed using the subcutaneous implantation model in rats. (3) Results: SEM imaging showed different formations of hydroxyapatite on the surfaces of the bioglass systems after submersion in simulated body fluid. EDX analysis confirmed the doping process by showing the release kinetics. Copper-doped bioglass exhibited a higher ion release than strontium-doped bioglass. Copper induced both a low immune cell migration and triggered a low number of M1- and M2-macrophages but also of blood vessels. The strontium-containing bioactive glass induced higher numbers of M1-macrophages after 30 days. Both copper- and strontium-doped bioglasses induced comparable numbers of M2-macrophages as found in the control groups. (4) Conclusions: Bioglass doping with copper and strontium did not exhibit significant influence on the foreign body response or the implantation bed vascularization in vivo. However, the prepared bioglass systems seemed to be biocompatible.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0285.v1

Cervical Cancer Prevention in El Salvador: Gains to Date and Challenges for the Future

Karla Alfaro, Montserrat Soler, Mauricio Maza, Mauricio Flores, Leticia López, Juan Carlos Rauda, Andrea Chacon, Patricia Erazo, Nora Villatoro, Eveline Mumenthaler, Rachel Masch, Gabriel Conzuelo, Juan C. Felix, Miriam Cremer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: El Salvador; Cervical cancer; Human papilloma virus (HPV); screen-and-treat; cervical precancer; HPV vaccine

Online: 23 May 2022 (05:15:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0269.v1

Why Does Inflammation Result in Resorptive Bone Loss?

Gordon L. Klein

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: inflammation; calcium-sensing receptor; burns; chemokines; NLRP3 inflammasome

Online: 20 May 2022 (04:01:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0252.v1

An Update on Chemokine System in the Development of NAFLD

Naoto Nagata, Guanliang Chen, Liang Xu, Hitoshi Ando

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: chemokine; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; inflammation; immune cells

Online: 19 May 2022 (07:51:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0249.v1

Adult Presentation of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia

Nobuaki Ito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: X-linked hypophosphatemia; fibroblast growth factor 23; osteomalacia; enthesopathy; secondary hyperparathyroidism; tertiary hyperparathyroidism; chronic kidney disease; oral disease; quality of life; burosumab

Online: 19 May 2022 (04:03:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0241.v1

A Novel Approach for Environmental Management of Dental Practice: The “Plan-Do-Check-Act” Model

Angela Rovera, Lorenzo Banducci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: carbon-footprint; dentistry; environment; management; sustainability

Online: 18 May 2022 (10:43:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0237.v1

Combination Treatment of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Meibomian Gland Expression for Evaporative Dry Eye

Kai-Ling Peng, Chen-Jui Chiu, Hsin-I Tuan, YI-Chen Lee, Pyn-Sing Hsu, Jiunn-Liang Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: dry eye; intense pulsed light therapy; meibomian gland; tear

Online: 18 May 2022 (06:14:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0228.v1

Reactogenicity of mRNA and non-mRNA Based COVID-19 Vaccines Among Lactating Mother and Baby Dyads

Beth Jacob-Chow, Vasundhara Kandarpa Lakshmi, Hon Kit Cheang, Le Ye Lee, Jia Ming Low, Amin Zubair

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; SARS-CoV2; lactation; mother-child dyads; reactogenicity

Online: 17 May 2022 (10:31:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0453.v3

Clinical Viability of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Personalized Radiation Treatment

Dominika Skwierawska, Jose Antonio Lopez-Valverde, Marcin Balcerzyk, Antonio Leal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: BNCT; targeted therapy; biological dosimetry; boron imaging; personalized oncology; personalized medicine

Online: 16 May 2022 (15:22:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0213.v1

The Big Picture

Beth Alderman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Toxicity; Diagnosis; Personal care; Patient encounter; Patient-based medicine

Online: 16 May 2022 (14:06:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0201.v1

A Label-Free Cell Sorting Approach to Highlight the Impact of Intratumoral Cellular Heterogeneity and Cancer Stem Cells on Response to Therapies

Céline Hervieu, Mireille Verdier, Gaëlle Bégaud, Niki Christou, Magali Sage, Julie Pannequin, Serge Battu, Muriel Mathonnet

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer stem cells; colorectal cancer; label-free cell sorting; chemoresistance; intratumoral cellular heterogeneity

Online: 16 May 2022 (09:11:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0193.v1

In Vitro Bovine Embryo Production Using Medium’s Supplemented with Recombinant Human Galectin-1 Buffered

Marcelo Roncoletta, Erika da Silva Carvalho Morani, Nathalia Adrielli Agassi De Salles, Guilherme Camargo Ferraz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Tolerana®; Pregnancy; Fetal-Maternal Recognition; Reproduction; Reproductive Safety Toxicology

Online: 13 May 2022 (15:14:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0189.v1

Machine Learning of Raman Spectroscopy Data for Classifying Cancers: a Review of the Recent Literature

Nathan Blake, Riana Gaifulina, Lewis D. Griffin, Ian M. Bell, Geraint M. H. Thomas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy; Medical application; Disease screening and diagnosis; Machine learning analyses

Online: 13 May 2022 (10:17:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0188.v1

Effect of HIV infection on COVID-19 Cytokine Release Syndrome and Mortality

John Muthuka, Kelly Oluoch, Francis Wamburs, Japheth Mativo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; HIV; Mortality; cytokine release syndrome

Online: 13 May 2022 (09:47:23 CEST)

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Introduction: Established predictors for COVID-19 related mortalities are diverse, with cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a key intermediator to the case fatalities being dominant and multi-faceted. The impact of these several risk factors on coronavirus mortality have been previously reported in several meta‐analyses limited by small sample sizes and premature data, and CRS not fully being accounted for. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the evidence on the risk of COVID-19 related CRS and mortality with HIV serostatus using published data, and a meta-regression to account for possible covariates. Method: Electronic databases including Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences (WOS), EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, COVID-19 Research Database, and Scopus, were systematically searched till 30th February, 2022. All human studies were included irrespective of publication date or region. Twenty-two studies with a total of 19,783,097 patients detailing COVID-related mortality and eleven with a total of 2,005,274 were included. To pool the estimate, a random-effects model with risk ration as the effect measure was used. Moreover, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were evaluated followed by meta-regression. The trial was registered (CRD42021264761) on the PROSPERO register. Results: The findings were consistent in stating the contribution of HIV infection for COVID-19 related CRS and mortality. The cumulative COVID-19 related mortality and CRS was 110270 (0.6%) and 48863 (2.4%) with total events of 2010 (3.6%), 108260 (0.5%) and 837(4.6%), 48026 (2.4%) among HIV-positive and negative persons respectively. HIV infection showed an increased risk of COVID-19 related CRS and mortality [RR= 1.48, 95% CI (1.16, 1.88) (P=0.002)] and [RR =1.19, 95% CI (1.02 -1.39) (P=0.00001)] respectively, both with substantial heterogeneity (I² > 80%). The true effects size in 95% of all the comparable populations fell between 0.64 to 2.22 and 0.67 to 3.29 for mortality and CRS respectively. MC studies and COVID-19 mortality with HIV infection showed a significant association [RR = 1.305, 95% CI (1.092 -1.559) (P = 0.003)], similar to studies conducted in America (RR = 1.422, 95% CI 1.233–1.639) and South Africa (RR = 1.123, 95% CI 1.052–1.198). HIV infection showed a risk for ICU admission [(P=0.00001) (I² = 0%)] and mechanical ventilation [(P=0.04) (I² = 0%)] as parameters of CRS. Furthermore, risk of COVID-19 related CRS is influenced by the year a study was conducted (R² = 0.55) and the region (R² = 0.11) same for mortality (R² = 0.60). The variance proportion explained by covariates was significant for CRS (I² = 86.5%, Q = 73.99, df = 10, P = 0.0000) (R² = 0.78) and mortality (I² = 87.5%, Q = 168.02, df = 21, p = 0.0000) (R² = 0.67). Conclusion: Our updated meta-analysis indicated that HIV infection was significantly associated with an increased risk for both COVID-19 – CRS and mortality, which might be modulated by regions, study setting and year. Risk for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation are the key indicators of CRS. We believe the updated data further anchoring CRS will contribute to more substantiation of the findings reported by similar earlier studies (Dong et al., 2021; K. W. Lee et al., 2021; Massarvva, 2021; Mellor et al., 2021; Ssentongo et al., 2021)

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