Abstract: In this study, we examined the literature for cross section calculations from 2019 to 2023 using the ISI Web of Science (WOS) database to understand the dynamics of scientific communication. Our primary objective was to perform a bibliometric analysis and model networks among authors, texts, sources, citations, keywords, organizations, and countries. Using the R tool "Bibliometrix" and descriptive statistical techniques, we identified significant publication trends in co-authorship, citation patterns, institutional collaborations, and the geographic distribution of authorship. Our findings highlight the importance of international collaboration and interdisciplinary research. Our analysis for cross section calculations has uncovered significant publication trends, particularly regarding co-authorships, citation patterns, institutional collaborations, and the geographic origins of authors.

Abstract: This research develops the foundational equations of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) by generalizing Newtonian mechanics through the inclusion of dynamic mass components such as negative apparent mass. ECM redefines force, acceleration, and gravitational interactions using an effective mass framework, expressed as the sum of traditional matter mass and a kinetic-energy-derived negative apparent mass. This dual-mass interaction leads to revised force laws and a spectrum of speed regimes for massive particles—ranging from gravitational confinement to antigravitational liberation. The formulation extends to massless particles like photons by assigning them an effective negative matter mass, enabling consistent force definitions and propagation behaviour at relativistic speeds. Radial distance plays a critical role in determining gravitational behaviour, with transitions from classical attraction to antigravitational expansion. The framework aligns with cosmological observations, particularly in large-scale structure behaviour, and provides a unified approach to understanding force, inertia, and motion in both massive and massless domains. ECM thus represents a coherent advancement of classical physics, accommodating gravitational variance, energy redistribution, and speed constraints in dynamic systems.

Abstract: A new non-minimal version of the Einstein-Dirac-axion theory is established. This version of the non-minimal theory describing the interaction of gravitational, spinor and axion fields is of the second order in derivatives in the context of the Effective Field Theory, and is of the first order in the spinor particle number density. The model Lagrangian contains four parameters of the non-minimal coupling and includes, in addition to the Riemann, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar, the left-dual and right-dual curvature tensors. The pseudoscalar field appears in the Lagrangian in terms of trigonometric functions providing the discrete symmetry associated with axions is supported. The coupled system of extended master equations for the gravitational, spinor and axion fields is derived; the structure of new non-minimal sources appeared in these master equations is discussed. Application of the established theory to the isotropic homogeneous cosmological model is considered; new exact solutions are presented for a few model sets of guiding non-minimal parameters. A special solution is presented, which describes an exponential growth of the spinor number density; this solution shows that spinor particles (massive fermions and massless neutrinos) can be born in early Universe due to the non-minimal interaction with the space-time curvature.

Abstract: Accurate generation and measurement of entangled states, such as the Bell state |Φ⁺⟩, are crucial benchmarks for assessing the capabilities and variability of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. This work benchmarks the fidelity of preparing the |Φ⁺⟩ = (|00⟩ + |11⟩)/√2 state on different qubit pairs ([2, 3] and [7, 8]) of the ibm_kyiv quantum processor over multiple runs (N=5) and employs the deviation from perfect correlation as a quantitative analogy for the probability of unexpected decoupling in systems expected to exhibit strong correlation, such as linked economic indicators. Implementing the standard Hadamard and CNOT gate sequence for 4096 shots per run using the qiskit-ibm-runtime SamplerV2 primitive, we characterized the state preparation and measurement fidelity and applied mthree-based readout error mitigation. Experimental raw results revealed significant variability between layouts, yielding mean anti-correlated outcome probabilities P(Anti) = P(01) + P(10) of approximately 1.6% (±0.3%) for layout [2, 3] and 9.2% (±0.8%) for layout [7, 8]. This performance difference strongly correlated with reported hardware calibration metrics, particularly average readout error rates. Readout error mitigation successfully reduced P(Anti) to near-zero values (≤0.1%) for both layouts, achieving corrected correlated outcome probabilities P(Corr) = P(00) + P(11) of ~99.9-100.0%. Within our conceptual framework, the range of raw P(Anti) serves as a quantitative analogue for the likelihood of 'unexpected decoupling' under different inherent noise conditions, while the mitigated results suggest the potential to isolate underlying system dynamics from measurement noise. This research provides concrete multi-run fidelity benchmarks for ibm_kyiv, demonstrates the effectiveness of error mitigation, highlights performance variability linked to calibration data, and quantifies a range for the proposed economic uncertainty analogy.

Abstract: A novel approach to cosmic inflation within the framework of a non-commutative Riemannian foliated quantum gravity, built upon a reverse Faddeev–Jackiw symplectic spacetime deformation of the conventional Poisson algebra, is investigated. Friedmann-type dynamical equations, analitycally continued to a complex non-commutative framework, incorporate a modified energy-momentum Riemann tensor and a non-commutative matter-energy potential, highlighting the emergence of quantum gravity topological fluctuation effects on the expansion dynamics of the universe. In this realm, the coupling of UV and IR scales play a central role, providing a natural topological mechanism for inflation and recursal evidences for the generation of relic gravitational waves. These predictions align with a self-consistent description of the transition between the primordial mirror-universe deceleration and present-universe acceleration phases as predict by the Riemann foliated quantum gravity, offering potential connections to observational cosmology.

Abstract: We use gauge fixing to derive Proca equation from Maxwell’s classical electrodynamics in curved spacetime. Further restrictions on the gauge yield the Klein-Gordon equation for scalar bosons. The self-coupling of electromagnetic fields through spacetime curvature originates the inertia of wave packets for non-null field solutions, suggesting an electromagnetic origin of mass. We study the weak field limit of these solutions and prove that the electrovacuum can behave as a charged nonlinear optical medium.

Abstract: This study investigates the variability of precipitation across Ethiopia by analyzing monthly and annual rainfall data from five stations representing the north, east, west, south, and central regions over a 31-year period (1987–2017). The research applies the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and continuous wavelet analysis to examine spatiotemporal rainfall variability and the influence of major ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns, including Niño-4, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and Mediterranean Oscillation Index (MOI). The SPI values indicate year-to-year variability ranging from 3.2 (extremely wet) to -2 (severe drought). Wavelet analysis reveals short- and long-term rainfall periodicities of 2–3, 3–5, and 6–10 years, which correspond to similar cycles in oceanic indices (2–3, 3–5, 6–10, and 8–13 years). Results highlight significant teleconnections between oceanic fluctuations and rainfall anomalies in different parts of Ethiopia. For instance, the northern region experienced a wet event (2.5 SPI) around 2001, influenced by Niño-4 (1992–2003); the southern region faced severe drought (-2 SPI) in 2014/2015, linked to NAO (2009–2016); and the western region was affected by SOI during 1992–2005, with droughts in 1994/1995 and 2003. The findings emphasize the role of oceanic anomalies in driving regional precipitation variability, providing valuable insights for water resource management and climate adaptation strategies. This study also bridges gaps in previous research by employing wavelet analysis to uncover time-frequency dynamics, particularly for SOI and MOI, offering a deeper understanding of precipitation teleconnections in Ethiopia.

Abstract: We present a study of relic gravitational waves based on a foliated gauge field theory defined over a spacetime endowed with a noncommutative algebraic-geometric structure. As an ontological extension of general relativity concerning manifolds, metrics and fiber bundles, the space and time coordinates, which conventionally correspond to classical numbers, are replaced in this formulation by complementary quantum dual fields. In this framework, consistently complying within the Bekenstein criterion, combined with the Hawking-Hertog multiverse conception, singularities merge, portrayed into a new cosmic helix-like scale factor, analytically continued to the complex plane. This scale-factor captures the essence of an intricate topological quantum-leap transition between two phases of the branching universe: a contraction phase preceding the surpassed conventional concept of a primordial singularity and a subsequent expansion phase whose transition region between the two phases is characterized by a Riemannian topological foliated structure. The present linearized formulation, underlying a slightly gravitational field perturbation reveals, during the universe phase transition, high sensitivity of the relic gravitational waves amplitudes to the primordial matter and energy content. The present formulation reveals a stochastic homogeneous distributions of gravitational-wave intensities arising from the capture of short and long spacetime scales within the noncommutative algebraic framework. These results are consistent with the expected anticipated future observations of relic gravitational waves, which are expected to fill the universe as a stochastic homogeneous background.

Abstract:

We presented a modified form of Emergent Gravity (EG), using the Holographic Principle and Vopson's Mass-Energy-Information Equivalence Principle (MEIEP). We use MEIEP to distinguish the type of information contained between a black hole and an ordinary gravitating object. We have shown that there is a way to have a model of EG that allows for the First Law of Thermodynamics to be violated at the Planck and Quantum level with a consequence that can be negligible in stellar scale and "corrective" in galactic scale, at the Macroscopic level. Combining the correction imposed by Special Relativity, the model gave results similar to General Relativity without necessarily going geometric in interpretation. Lastly, we have found a way to resolve the problem of quantum decoherence, where quantum entanglement can be unified with gravity.

Abstract: The Koide mass formula, proposed by Yoshio Koide, is known to describe the mass relationship of charged leptons. Carl A. Brannen hypothesized that this formula also applies to neutrinos. Assuming Brannen's hypothesis to be valid, I constructed two three-dimensional mass models based on his proposed neutrino masses. As a result, I discovered that the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) matrix can be derived by introducing an intermediate set of hypothetical states, referred to as mass negative eigenstates \( ( \nu_{1-} , \nu_{2-} ,\nu_{3-} ) \), which mediate the transformation between mass eigenstates and flavor eigenstates. The Tribimaximal mixing matrix represents the transformation between mass negative and flavor eigenstates.

Abstract: Time crystals are a class of non-equilibrium phases of motion characterized by spontaneous temporal symmetry breaking. We describe a time-crystal-inspired microdevice (TCIM) structured around a hexagonal shell encapsulating a central triangular motif. The geometry is derived from the Fukuta–Cerin theorem, where the centroid of each triangle aligns with that of the surrounding hexagon. In a TCIM flock, this leads to the emergence of controlled, oscillatory behaviour and symmetry-breaking phenomena driven by the internal geometry of the system. Indeed, the triangles introduce geometric frustration that allows the agents to maintain oscillations without relying on continuous external influence. The disruption of perfect synchronization enhances the flock’s ability to exhibit periodic, self-sustained oscillatory behaviour in response to minimal energy input or periodic perturbations, showcasing the system’s capacity for self-organization and dynamic patterns. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, under periodic driving, local alignment rules and structural frustration, the TCIM flock exhibits self-sustained subharmonic oscillations. These oscillations are characterized by a frequency shift to half the driving frequency, a key indicator of the emergence of time-crystal-like behaviour. This points towards the system’s ability to break discrete time-translation symmetry, another hallmark of time-crystal dynamics. TCIMs could enable the development of intelligent microdevices with internally regulated timing mechanisms like self-regulating sensors and synthetic bio-compatible materials that operate with minimal external control. TCIM-inspired devices, utilizing internal temporal rhythms, could also be applied in drug delivery systems, enabling the autonomous release of therapeutic agents in a timed, controlled manner without relying on continuous external inputs.

Abstract: We present a reformulation of fundamental physics, transitioning from an enumeration of independent axioms to the solution of a single optimization problem derived from the structure of experiments. Any experiment comprises an initial preparation, a physical evolution, and a final measurement. Grounded in this structure, we determine the final measurement distribution by minimizing its entropy relative to its initial preparation distribution, subject to a natural constraint. Solving this optimization problem identifies a unified theory encompassing quantum mechanics, general relativity (acting on spacetime geometry), and Yang-Mills gauge theories (acting on internal spaces). Notably, consistency requirements restrict valid solutions to 3+1 dimensions, thus deriving spacetime dimensionality. This reformulation suggests that the established laws of physics, including their specific forces, symmetries, and dimensionality, emerge naturally from the requirement of the minimal informational change from preparation to measurement, consistent with the natural constraint.

Abstract: Coded aperture imaging (CAI) is a powerful imaging technology that has rapidly developed during the past decade. CAI technology and its integration with incoherent holography have led to the development of several cutting-edge imaging tools, devices, and techniques with widespread interdisciplinary applications, such as in astronomy, biomedical sciences, and computational imaging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recently developed CAI techniques in the framework of incoherent digital holography. The review starts with an overview of the milestones in modern CAI technology, such as interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography, followed by a detailed survey of recently developed CAI techniques and system designs in subsequent sections. Each section provides a general description, principles, potential applications, and associated challenges. We believe that this review will act as a reference point for further advancements in CAI technologies.

Abstract: Accurate wind speed prediction is crucial for managing wind power generation systems. However, the stochastic nature of wind complicates the estimation of optimal intervals. This work analyzes the performance of hybrid machine learning techniques for modeling wind speed. Two deep learning models, Large Language Memory Long Short-Term Memory and Large Language Memory Convolutional, are proposed, along with two hybrid models from the literature, Bidirectional LSTM and Convolutional LSTM, for four-season forecasting in the Bodele low-pressure area. Meteorological data come from the NASA Power/Dav site. Data processing includes removal of outliers and imputation of missing values by mean, median, or predictive models, performed with Python. The four hybrid models use the Adam algorithm to optimize predictions. The predicted values calculate wind turbine power, efficiency, and storage energy. Results show that performance indicators vary: MAE from 0.020 to 0.586, RMSE from 0.027 to 0.848, and R² from 0.902 to 0.966. Energy predictions for a 5 MW wind turbine range from 4.91 MWh in winter to 0.89 MWh in summer. The CL-LSTM and LLM-LSTM models give high wind speeds in summer and winter, providing insights for developing efficient models for similar applications, both for researchers and companies.

Abstract: The mean-field model (MFM) is the workhorse of the statistical mechanics: one normally accepts that it yields results which, despite differing numerically from the correct ones, are not “very wrong”, in that they resemble the actual behavior of the system as eventually obtained by a more advanced treatments. This, for example, turns out to be the case for the Casimir force under, say, Dirichlet-Dirichlet, (+,+) and (+,−) boundary conditions (BC) for which, according to the general expectations the MFM delivers attractive for like BC—or repulsive for unlike BC—force, with the principally correct position of the maximum strength of the force below, or above the critical point Tc. It turns out, however, that this is not the case with Dirichlet-Neumann (DN) BC. In this case, the mean-field approach leads to an attractive Casimir force. This contradiction with the “boundary condition rule” is cured in the case of the Gaussian model under DN BC. Our results, which are mathematically exact, demonstrate that the Casimir force within the MFM is attractive as a function of temperature T and external magnetic field h, while for the Gaussian model it is repulsive for h=0, and can be, surprisingly, both repulsive and attractive for h≠0. The treatment of the MFM is based on the exact solution of one non-homogeneous nonlinear differential equation of second order. The Gaussian model is analyzed both in its continuum and lattice realization. The obtained outcome teaches us that the mean-field results should be accepted with caution in the case of fluctuation-induced forces and ought to be checked against more precise treatment of the fluctuations within the envisaged system.

Abstract: The existence of a mass gap in non-abelian Yang-Mills theory is a cornerstone prediction related to quark confinement, strongly supported by experimental observations and lattice simulations. The Clay Mathematics Institute designated its rigorous proof within continuum Quantum Field Theory (QFT) as a Millennium Prize Problem. Standard formulations rely on the Osterwalder-Schrader (OS) axioms to ensure a well-defined relativistic QFT possessing asymptotic freedom, the empirically verified weakening of interactions at high energies. This paper demonstrates a fundamental incompatibility between these established requirements. By analyzing the analytic structure of gauge-invariant two-point correlation functions via the Källén-Lehmann spectral representation (implied by OS axioms) constrained by the mass gap, and confronting it with the specific asymptotic behavior dictated by asymptotic freedom (derived from Renormalization Group analysis), a mathematical contradiction is rigorously derived. Specifically, the polynomial and logarithmic structure required by asymptotic freedom at high momentum cannot be reconciled with the asymptotic behavior allowed by the spectral representation for a theory with a mass gap and satisfying OS axioms. This incompatibility strongly suggests that the premise of a fundamental spacetime continuum, underlying standard QFT formulations, is inconsistent with the observed physical reality of the mass gap and asymptotic freedom.

Abstract:

Despite their Nobel Prize-winning empirical implementation, the Bell inequality interpretation remains controversial. An objective analysis of Bell's work on nonlocality shows that Bell's rationale calls for reconsidering a widespread argument on quantum nonlocality, yielding a precise formulation free from the usual obscurities that lead to misleading controversies. By dismissing unnecessary metaphysical tenets, it is possible to probe the core of the problem and determine under what rational assumptions locality or nonlocality become feasible alternatives clarifying their relation to the Bell inequality. The approach renders a more balanced perspective over a long-standing polarized interpretative debate.

Abstract: In the present work a-SiC:H thin films were prepared using magnetron sputtering technique for different substrate temperatures from 100℃ to 290℃. Their optical properties were studied using the ellipsometry technique. The experimental results show that the optical band gap of the films varies from 2.00 eV to 2.18 eV for the hydrogenated films, whereas Eg is equal to 1.29 eV when the film does not contain hydrogen atoms and for Ts=100℃. The optoelectronic quality of the films seems to be the optimum when Ts=100℃ or Ts=220℃. Additionally, the refractive index exhibits an inverse relationship with E₉ as a function of Tₛ. Notably, these thin films were deposited 12 years ago, and their optical properties have remained stable since then.

Abstract: From the regular collision time, τcee, due to multiple Coulomb collisions between electrons an effective electron radius is proposed using the kinetic theory in plasma physics and considering we deal with what we will call a Lorentz-like gas. The effective or equivalent electron radius is deduced by corresponding the total cross section with a collision radius that can be related with the length of the electron and depends on the temperature and density a=a(n;T). This is quite unusual, but ultimately it is a measure that describes an effective radius of the electron based on supposing collision of rigid spheres corresponding to the electrons in a Lorentz-like gas with temperature and density. Unlike other electron size proposals where fixed parameters are taken, the electron radius is deduced from a many-particle system. τcee is compared with the electron-electron relaxation time, τee, obtained calculating the cross section for the momentum transfer. Taking into account typical fusion conditions (TOKAMAK), the equivalent electron radius aT as well as the corresponding electron-electron collision and relaxation times are calculated. Assuming that electron describes a diffusion equation based on Stokes law of viscosity, the friction coefficient α is calculated using the relaxation time and the dynamic viscosity η is deduced from the first order approximation of the Chapmann-Enskog theory for hard-sphere electrons.

Abstract: The existence of a mass gap in quantum Yang-Mills theory remains a fundamental open question in mathematical physics. This paper investigates this problem within the theoretical context provided by the Complete Theory of Simplicial Discrete Informational Spacetime (SDIS) (Karazoupis, 2025). This framework posits a fundamentally discrete, quantum-informational structure for spacetime based on a simplicial network. Adopting a Hamiltonian formulation analogous to lattice gauge theory but applied to the SDIS simplicial structure, the energy spectrum of the emergent pure SU(3) gauge theory is analyzed in the strong coupling limit (g → ∞), the regime associated with confinement. The unique, gauge-invariant vacuum state and its energy are identified through analysis of the Hamiltonian. Subsequently, the lowest-lying gauge-invariant excited state, corresponding to a minimal chromoelectric flux loop excitation (glueball), is identified and its energy calculated. By explicitly calculating the energy difference between this first excited state and the vacuum, it is demonstrated analytically that this energy gap is strictly positive (ΔE > 0) within this theoretical framework and approximation. This result shows that the SDIS framework inherently accommodates a mechanism for mass gap generation, suggesting a potential resolution to the mass gap problem if the SDIS framework is adopted as the underlying description of spacetime and gauge fields.