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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0580.v1

Exploring the Modulation of Immune Response and Oxidative Stress of Intracellular Pathogens Using Nanoparticles Encapsulating Drugs

Ramendra Pati Pandey, Anjali Priyadarshini, Archana Gupta, Arpana Vibhuti, Elcio Leal, Utpal Sengupta, Vishwa Mohan Katoch, Pawan Sharma, Catrin E Moore, V. Samuel Raj

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Immune system; Oxidative stress; Nanoparticles; Intracellular Pathogens

Online: 28 October 2020 (10:05:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0576.v2

Exploratory Analysis into the in vitro and in silico Activity of E. fusca Lour. (Fabaceae) Elucidates Substantial Antiplasmodial Activity of the Plant

Saiful Arefeen Sazed, Ohedul Islam, Sarah L. Bliese, Muhammad Riadul Haque Hossainey, Jakaria Shawon, Araf Mahmud, Mahfuza Afroz Soma, Mohammad Abdur Rashid, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman, Prakash Ghosh, Mohammad Shafiul Alam

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Antimalarial; Erythrina fusca; Phaseolin; Molecular docking; Phytochemical analysis

Online: 21 October 2021 (12:08:52 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Emerging Role of Oxidative Stress on EGFR and OGG1-BER Cross-Regulation: Implications in Thyroid Physiopathology

Carmelo Moscatello, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Emira D'Amico, Luca Savino, Giordano Spacco, Raffaella Muraro, Gabriella Mincione, Roberto Cotellese, Gitana Maria Aceto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Oxidative Stress, ERBBs; OGG1; Base Excision Repair; crosstalk; Thyroid

Online: 27 October 2020 (20:15:19 CET)

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Abstract Thyroid diseases have a complex and multifactorial aetiology. Despite the numerous studies on the signals referable to the malignant transition, still remain elusive the molecular mechanisms concerning the role of oxidative stress. Based on its strong oxidative power, H2O2 could be responsible for the high level of oxidative DNA damage observed in cancerous thyroid tissue and hyper-activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PI3K/Akt, that mediate ErbB signaling. Increased levels of 8-oxoG DNA adducts have been detected in the early stages of thyroid cancer. These DNA lesions are efficiently recognized and removed by the base excision repair (BER) pathway initiated by 8-oxoG glycosylase1 (OGG1). This study investigated the relationship between the EGFR and OGG1-BER pathways and their mutual regulation following oxidative stress stimulus by H2O2 in human thyrocytes. We clarified the modulation of ErbB receptors and their downstream pathways (PI3K / Akt and MAPK / ERK) under oxidative stress (from H2O2) at the level of gene and protein expression, according to the mechanism defined in a non-pathological cell system, Nthy-ori 3-1. Later, on the basis of the obtained results of gene expression cluster analysis in normal cells, we assessed the dysregulation of the relationships in a model of papillary thyroid cancer with RET/TPC rearrangement (TPC-1). Our observations demonstrated that a H2O2 stress may induce a physiological cross-regulation between ErbB and OGG1-BER pathways in normal thyroid cells (while this is dysregulated in the TPC-1 cells. Gene expression data also delineated that MUTYH gene could play a physiological role in cross-talk between ErbB and BER pathways and this function is instead lost in cancer cells. Overall our data about OGG1 protein expression suggest that the alternative splicing mechanisms may lead to different protein isoforms, physiologically regulated in response to ErbB modulation, and that these could be dysregulated in the progression of thyroid malignancies with RET/TPC rearrangement.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0151.v2

Numerical Investigation of the Collapse of the Steel Truss Roof and a Probable Reason of Failure

Mertol Tufekci, Ekrem Tüfekci, Adnan Dikicioğlu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Steel truss; roof structure; partial collapse; finite element analysis; lightning strike.

Online: 26 October 2020 (11:35:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0447.v1

Iron Dysregulation in Human Cancer: Altered Metabolism, Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Monitoring and Rationale for Therapy

Pierre Lelièvre, Lucie Sancey, Jean-Luc Coll, Aurélien Deniaud, Benoît Busser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Iron homeostasis; Cancer; Prognostic; Diagnostic; Therapy

Online: 22 October 2020 (08:56:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0404.v1

Synthesis of Silver Modified Bioactive Glassy Materials with Antibacterial Properties via Facile and Low-Temperature Route

Isabel Gonzalo-Juan, Fangtong Xie, Malin Becker, Dilshat Tulyaganov, Emanuel Ionescu, Stefan Lauterbach, Francesca De Angelis Rigotti, Andreas Fischer, Ralf Riedel

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Bioactive glass; antibacterial; silver; nanocomposites; E. coli; ion release

Online: 20 October 2020 (08:34:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0359.v1

Comparison of the Structural Evolution of β Polypropylene During the Sequential and Simultaneous Biaxial Stretching Process

Daoxin Zhang, Lei Ding, Feng Yang, Fang Lan, Ya Cao, Ming Xiang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: β-iPP; simultaneous biaxial stretching; sequential biaxial stretching; structure evolution

Online: 19 October 2020 (08:07:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0303.v1

Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm Approach for Verification of Reachability and Detection of Deadlock in Graph Transformation Systems

Nahid Salimi, Vahid Rafe, Hamed Tabrizchi, Amir Mosavi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: fuzzy genetic algorithm; reachability property; deadlock; model checking

Online: 14 October 2020 (10:58:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0202.v1

The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Water Literacy: A Case Study of Semende and Palembang Students

meilinda meilinda, Khoiron Nazip, Nike Anggraini, Riyanto Riyanto

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Indigenous knowledge; water literacy; students

Online: 9 October 2020 (13:02:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0165.v1

The Determination of Plastic Material and the Optimal Irrigation Characteristics for an Agricultural Surface - Model Description

Victor Tita, Nicolae Bold, Valentina Constanta Tudor, Alina Marcuta, Liviu Marcuta

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: optimality; irrigation; drip; plastic; agriculture

Online: 8 October 2020 (09:12:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0120.v1

Teachers’ Training in the Intercultural Dialogue and Understanding: focussing on the Education for a Sustainable Development

María Concepción Domínguez Garrido, Adiela Ruiz-Cabezas, María Castañar Medina Domínguez, María Cecilia Loor Dueñas, Eufrasio Pérez-Navío, Antonio Medina Rivilla

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: teachers’ training; teachers’ competences; intercultural dialogue; education for sustainable development; professional development.

Online: 6 October 2020 (10:58:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0119.v1

Follow-up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

Shukrullah Ahmadi, Barbara Le Bot, Roméo Zoumenou, Séverine Durand, Nadine Fiévet, Pierre Ayotte, Achille Massougbodji, Jules Alao, Michel Cot, Philippe Glorennec, Florence Bodeau-livinec

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Lead poisoning; environmental health; toxic metals; sub-Saharan Africa; environmental exposure

Online: 6 October 2020 (10:55:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0092.v1

Quantitative Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Extraction from Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Using Ashing and Centrifuge Methods

Ahmed Hemida, Magdy Abdelrahman, Eslam Deef-Allah

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: ANOVA; Asphalt Binder Extraction; Quality Assurance; Quality Control; RAP; RAS

Online: 5 October 2020 (14:06:31 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Monitoring and Evaluation of Sandstone Decay Adopting Non-Destructive Techniques: On-site Application on Building Stones

Teresa Salvatici, Sara Calandra, Irene Centauro, Elena Pecchioni, Emanuele Intrieri, Carlo Alberto Garzonio

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: NDT; decay; cultural heritage; Pietra Serena

Online: 5 October 2020 (07:45:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0019.v1

Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide/Silicon Dioxide from Beach Sand as Photocatalyst for Cr and Pb Remediation

Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy, Soraya Nur Ishmah, Muhamad Diki Permana, Muhammad Lutfi Firdaus

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: photocatalyst; TiO2/SiO2 composite; solvothermal; silica sand

Online: 1 October 2020 (14:31:31 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0005.v1

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Zinc- and Aspartyl-binding Protease Profile of Individuals with Moderate/Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Fernando Valenzuela, Javier Fernández, Marcela Aroca, Constanza Jiménez, Daniela Albers, Marcela Hernández, Alejandra Fernández

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Enzymes, Peptide Hydrolases, Metalloproteases, Biomarkers, Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Atopic Dermatitis

Online: 1 October 2020 (08:55:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0687.v1

A Math Approach with Brief Cases towards Reducing Computational and Time Complexity in the Industrial Systems

Yaroslav Matviychuk, Tomáš Peráček, Natalya Shakhovska

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: mathematical model; reduction; identification procedure; incorrectness; neural network; ordinary differential equation (ODE)

Online: 28 September 2020 (14:12:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0666.v1

An SU(4)/SU(2) Model as an Effort to Understand QCD, Confinement and Asymptotic Freedom

Dimitris Mastoridis, K. Kalogirou

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: qcd; confinement; asymptotic freedom; standard model; coset; Stiefel manifolds

Online: 27 September 2020 (07:39:43 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Economic Evaluation and Techno-Economic Sensibility Analysis of a Mass Integrated Shrimp Biorefinery in North Colombia

Antonio Zuorro, Ángel Darío González-Delgado, Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: economic evaluation; techno-economic sensibility; biorefinery; shrimp; chitin; chitosan; astaxanthin

Online: 27 September 2020 (04:41:00 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0632.v1

Rebuilding the Academy: Strategies for Supporting Academic Mothers during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Beyond

Robinson W. Fulweiler, Sarah W. Davies, Jennifer F. Biddle, Amy J. Burgin, Emily H.G. Cooperdock, Torrance C. Hanley, Carly Kenkel, Amy M. Marcarelli, Catherine M. Matassa, Lory Z. Santiago-Vazquez, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Maren Ziegler

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: academic; mothers; COVID-19; pandemic; leaky pipeline

Online: 26 September 2020 (13:08:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0598.v1

Geology, Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Gold Mineralization Hosting Syenite, Tulu Kapi, Western Ethiopia: A Review

Temesgen Oljira, Geleta Warkisa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: Geology; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Gold mineralization; Syenite; Tulu Kapi

Online: 25 September 2020 (08:28:22 CEST)

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The Neoproterozoic (900-600 Ma) Arabian Nubian Shield is an example of Precambrian plate tectonics and arc accretion. The Western Ethiopian Shield (the southern extension of ANS) is geo-tectonically a characteristic of lower grades of Metavolcano-sedimentary sequences of ANS intruded by associated felsic granitoid and mafic bodies and at the same time it is contained of gneisses rocks of the MB. The Gold mineralization and alterations initiating throughout the Tulu Kapi syenite are in the form of in enechelon vein arrays and related structures, which are controlled by conjugate shear zones in the syenite and steep N-S striking structures. The earliest recorded deformation and alterations revealed the syenite albitization which is the one hosting for gold mineralization and it has been widely overprinted by multistage hydrothermal system that appears to have been controlled mainly by veins, crackle zones, fractures and minor breccia zones. Primary gold mineralization displays spatial and temporal relationship with Tulu Kapi syenite and the Kapi gabbro, both of which host gold mineralization, are 738.3±2.6 Ma and 699.5±2.7 Ma period, respectively, in a volcanic arc subduction syn-collisional tectonic setting by the fractionation of underplated, LREE-enriched basaltic magma with substantial crustal input to possible crustal melting. The underplated basaltic magma had been sourced from LREE-enriched mantle by subduction of sediment laden crustal slabs at a subduction zone. Fractional crystallization involved formation of Ca-rich plagioclase, which continually reacted with hydrothermal fluids to more fractionated Na-rich plagioclase, forming the gold mineralization hosting altered (albitized) syenites. The Pan-African orogeny, and associated regional metamorphism and magmatism, generated large-scale movements of gold and base metal-bearing fluids in the crust, channelized along complex fractures into regional NE-SW foliation in Ethiopia (e.g., western Ethiopia). However, these gold-rich alkalic magmas are so modified by crustal processes that evidence of their genetic relationship with gold become obscured. The primary ore mineral assemblage of quartz veins and veinlets, and associated mineralised syenite within Tulu Kapi area consists of pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, hematite, and gold. The major and trace element composition of ore- forming fluids from the mineralised vein, barren and granitic intrusion is still largely unknown, yet could provide important and more direct evidence for the fluid source(s). This is vital in establishing a direct genetic link between syenite and other granitoid intrusion, and gold mineralization.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0573.v1

Epidemiological and Microbiological Aspects of Health Care-associated Infections in Ukraine During the 2009–2019 Period

Yulian Konechnyi, Marta Panas, Iryna Tymchuk, Roksolana Konechna, Olena Borysiuk, Iryna Hubytska, Lesya Zhurakhivska, Olena Korniychuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: healthcare-associated infections; HCAIs; hospital acquired infections; nosocomial infections; statistical analysis

Online: 24 September 2020 (08:19:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0571.v1

Acquisition of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Colistin Resistance Genes in French Medical Students on Internships Abroad

Thi Loi Dao, Van Thuan Hoang, Amel Magmoun, Tran Duc Anh Ly, Sophie Baron, Linda Hadjadj, Naomie Canard, Tassadit Drali, Frédérique Gouriet, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola, Pierre Marty, Jean-Marc Rolain, Philippe Gautret

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: medical students; travellers; MDR bacteria; CPE; mcr-1; mcr-8

Online: 24 September 2020 (08:05:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0525.v1

A New Validity Index Based on Fuzzy Energy and Fuzzy Entropy Measures in Fuzzy Clustering Problems

Ferdinando Di Martino, salvatore sessa

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: FCM; validity index; fuzzy energy; fuzzy entropy

Online: 23 September 2020 (03:31:13 CEST)

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Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

Extending the Explanatory Scope of Evolutionary Theory: The Origination of Historical Kinds in Biology and Culture

Günter P. Wagner, Gary Tomlinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: historical kinds; individuation; cultural evolution; evolutionary innovation

Online: 22 September 2020 (08:45:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0497.v1

The Efficacy of Fish Oil in Preventing Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gaohong Wu, Haifeng Geng, Yue Jiang, Wei Song, Xueping Zhu, Xiaoli Zhu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Fish oil; Prevention; CHD; Meta-analysis

Online: 21 September 2020 (07:20:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0376.v1

An Update Report on the Biosafety and Potential Toxicity of Fullerene-Based Nanomaterials toward Aquatic Animals

Nemi Malhotra, Tzong-Rong Ger, Agnes L. Castillo, Gilbert Audira, Petrus Siregar, Johnsy Margotte S. Ruallo, Jung-Ren Chen, Jiann-Shing Lee, Chung-Der Hsiao

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: fullerene; fish; daphnia; toxicity; aquatic animal; nanomaterial

Online: 17 September 2020 (05:51:49 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0357.v1

A Streamlined Workflow for Conversion, Peer-Review and Publication of Omics Metadata as Omics Data Papers

Mariya Dimitrova, Raïssa Meyer, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Teodor Georgiev, Georgi Zhelezov, Seyhan Demirov, Vincent Smith, Lyubomir Penev

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: data; data paper; omics; metadata; workflow; standards; FAIR principles, MIxS, MINSEQE

Online: 16 September 2020 (11:04:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0345.v1

ACEII Gene Analysis Exposes SARS-CoV-2 As A Potential Threat to Agricultural and National Security

Michael Ruhl, Tracie Jenkins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: food safety; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; ACEII; agricultural security; national security

Online: 16 September 2020 (03:57:36 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Antioxidant and Biological Properties of the Mesenchymal Cells Used in the Therapeutic Sense during Retinitis Pigmentosa

Paolo Giuseppe Limoli, Enzo Maria Vingolo, Celeste Limoli, Marcella Nebbioso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Retinitis Pigmentosa; Cell Surgery; Growth Factors; Mesenchimal Cells; oxidative stress

Online: 11 September 2020 (08:18:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0206.v1

Fixed Circle and Fixed Disc Results for New Type of Qc-Contractive Mappings in Metric Spaces

Salvatore Sessa, Hayel N. Saleh, Waleed M. Alfaqih, Mohammad Imdad, Nabil Mlaiki

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: fixed point; fixed circle; fixed disc; Qc-contractions

Online: 9 September 2020 (10:45:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0200.v1

Comparison of Gender, Age, and Body Mass Index Levels for Spatiotemporal Parameters of Bilateral Gait Pattern

Turki S. Abualait, Mohammad Ahsan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: spatiotemporal parameters; gait; gender; age; Body Mass Index

Online: 9 September 2020 (07:12:18 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) in Patients with Physical Disabilities: Validity and Reliability

Nassim Ahmadi, Mojgan Rajati, Maryam Khazaei Pool, Leili Salehi, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Fatemeh Rajati

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Disabled Persons; Health Status; Iran; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Reliability

Online: 7 September 2020 (03:24:54 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Simple Ventilators for Emergency Use Based on Bag-Valve Pressing Systems: Lessons Learned and Future Steps

Enrique Castro-Camus, Jan Ornik, Cornelius Mach, Goretti Hernandez-Cardoso, Bhushan Savalia, Jochen Taiber, Armando Ruiz-Marquez, Karl Kesper, Srumika Konde, Caroline Sommer, Julian Wiener, David Geisel, Franziska Hüppe, Gunter Kräling, Peter Mross, Johnny Nguyen, Thomas Wiesmann, Björn Beutel, Martin Koch

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: Mechanical ventilators; covid-19; simple

Online: 4 September 2020 (12:32:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0076.v1

Why COVID-19 Transmission is More Efficient and Aggressive than Viral Transmission in Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?

Fatma Elrashdy, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N Uversky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; viral infection; virus-host interaction

Online: 4 September 2020 (03:19:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0034.v1

Validation of Airborne Sensor Photogrammetric Digital Terrain and Global Digital Elevation Models around Mekelle City, Ethiopia

Hareya Biryhane, Tulu B. Bedada, Berhan Gessesse, Martin Vermeer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: vertical accuracy; photogrammetric DTM; ASTER; SRTM; TanDEM-X; orthometric height; geoid height

Online: 2 September 2020 (08:30:48 CEST)

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The quality of photogrammetric-based derived products like orthophotos, digital terrain models (DTMs) and digital line maps as well as the global digital elevation models (DEM) are rigorously dependent on the accuracy of image orientation. This paper evaluates the vertical accuracy of aerial photogrammetric Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER), and TerraSAR-X's twin satellite of TanDEM-X (TDX) datasets against in-situ orthometric heights computed from ellipsoidal heights and the 2008 Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008) derived geoid heights in Ethiopia. The quality of the four global digital elevation models was also validated against the aerial photogrammetric DTM measurements. Besides, the accuracies of the photogrammetric DTM and the four DEM products were checked for their compliance to the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) standards as well as the Ethiopian national vertical data evaluation standards. The study showed that the photogrammetric DTM is in a good agreement with the reference orthometric heights compared to SRTM, ASTER and TDX datasets. More precisely, the result has an absolute accuracy of 1.67 m at Linear Error (LE) 95% confidence level, while the absolute accuracy of SRTM3 arc seconds (SRTM3) at LE 90% (11.91 m) is better than its product specification (16 m). The absolute accuracy of SRTM1 arc second (SRTM1) (7.70 m at LE 90%) surpasses that of SRTM3, whereas the absolute accuracy of ASTER DEM is somehow below its product specification. TDX also has the same vertical accuracy (10.29 m at LE 90%) compared to its product specification (10 m). Furthermore, the vertical accuracy of the photogrammetric DTM meets the100 cm vertical accuracy of the 2015 ASPRS standard. However, it does not meet the Ethiopian national vertical data accuracy requirement standard, i.e., RMSEz of ± 0.45 m. In general, the photogrammetric DTM, SRTM1, and TDX have been proven a superior product over the SRTM3 and ASTER DEMs, and better to use these products for high-level precision and accuracy required applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0726.v1

Big Bang Process, Magnetic Monopoles and Super Unification Theory of All Forces Using the GEM Wave

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Big bang; Super unification theory; 4-D Euclidean space; CPT symmetric universe; Origins of the energy (mass); charge and time; Magnetic monopoles

Online: 31 August 2020 (16:28:30 CEST)

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Working Paper SHORT NOTE

Analytical Formulas for Calculating Ranks, Dimensions, Orthogonal Projectors, and Ranges of Matrices Composed of Kronecker Products

Yongge Tian

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: Kronecker product; rank; dimension; orthogonal projector; range

Online: 31 August 2020 (04:57:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0567.v1

Li2CaGeO4 – Wide Band Gap Semiconductor: First Principles Investigation of the Structural, Electronic, Optical and Elastic Properties

Saadi Berri

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: Wide band gap semiconductor; Elastic modulus; Optic-electronic properties; Ab–initio calculations

Online: 26 August 2020 (08:57:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0544.v1

Analysis and Control of the Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater in the Chari Baguirmi Region in Chad

Allaramadji Beyaitan Bantin, Xia Jun, Hongping Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Analysis; control; physicochemical quality; groundwater; Chari Baguirmi region; Chad

Online: 25 August 2020 (10:02:42 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland

Ahmad Albalawi, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: food outlet usage; obesity; energy intake; energy contents

Online: 21 August 2020 (11:09:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0410.v1

Simple, Low-cost and Semi-permanent Film for Virus Inactivation Using Avian Coronavirus Model as Challenge

Luiz Alberto Colnago, Iara Maria Trevisol, Daiane Voss Rech, Lucimara Aparecida Forato, Cirlei Igreja do Nascimento Mitre, José Paulo Gagliardi Leite, Cintia Hiromi Okino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: coronavirus; film; detergent; antiviral; virucide; inactivation; sanitization

Online: 19 August 2020 (10:45:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0405.v1

Temperature-Dependent Physical Characteristics and Varying Heat Effects on Nonlocal Rotating Nanobeams Due to Dynamic Load

Ahmed E. Abouelregal, F. A. Mohammed, Mohamed V. Moustapha, Doaa Atta

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: nonlocal nanobeam; rotation; thermoelasticity; temperature-dependent; varying load

Online: 19 August 2020 (08:57:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0342.v1

‘I Can’t Breathe’: Anxiety and Emotion Awareness in Older Adolescents at The Time of Covid-19

Pietro Smirni, Gioacchino Lavanco, Daniela Smirni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; virus’ transmission; fear of contagion; breathing difficulty; healthy adolescents; emotion awareness; anxiety-state

Online: 15 August 2020 (08:25:22 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0319.v1

M Mode Ultrasound and Tissue Doppler Imaging to Assess Diaphragm Function in Late Onset Pompe Disease

Paris Meng, Adam Ogna, Abdallah Fayssoil

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: LOPD, diaphragm, ultrasound

Online: 14 August 2020 (10:19:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0293.v1

PhotonLabeler: An Inter-disciplinary Platform for Visual Interpretation and Labeling of ICESat-2 Geolocated Photon Data

Lonesome Malambo, Sorin C. Popescu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: ICESat-2; photon-counting lidar; photon labeling; visualization; ATL03; ATL08; visual interpretation; solar-induced noise

Online: 13 August 2020 (08:08:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0241.v1

Technique of Gene Expression Profiles Extraction based on the Complex Use of Clustering and Classification Methods

Sergii Babichev, Jiří Škvor

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Data Structures, Algorithms And Complexity Keywords: gene expression profiles; lung cancer; clustering; classification; binary classifiers; SOTA clustering algorithm; clustering quality criteria; ROC analysis; fuzzy inference system

Online: 10 August 2020 (08:01:10 CEST)

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In this paper, we present the results of the research concerning extraction of informative gene expression profiles from high-dimensional array of gene expressions considering the state of patients' health using clustering method, ensemble of binary classifiers and fuzzy inference system. Applying of the proposed stepwise procedure can allow us to extract the most informative genes taking into account both the subtypes of disease or state of the patient's health for further reconstruction of gene regulatory networks based on the allocated genes and following simulation of the reconstructed models. We used the publicly available gene expressions data as the experimental ones which were obtained using DNA microarray experiments and contained two types of patients' gene expression profiles: the patients with lung cancer tumor and healthy patients. The stepwise procedure of the data processing assumes the following steps: in beginning, we reduce the number of genes by removing non-informative genes in terms of statistical criteria and Shannon entropy; then, we perform the stepwise hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles at hierarchical levels from 1 to 10 using SOTA clustering algorithm with correlation distance metric. The quality of the obtained clustering was evaluated using complex clustering quality criterion which is considered both the gene expression profiles distribution relative to center of the clusters were these gene expression profiles are allocated and the centers of the clusters distribution. The result of this stage execution was selection of the optimal cluster at each of the hierarchical levels which corresponded to minimum value of the quality criterion. At the next step, we have implemented classification procedure of the examined objects using four well known binary classifiers: logistic regression, support-vector machine, decision trees and random forest classifier. The effectiveness of the appropriate technique was evaluated based on the use of ROC analysis using criteria included as the components the errors of both the first and the second kinds. The final decision concerning extraction of the most informative subset of gene expression profiles was taken based on the use of fuzzy inference system, the inputs of which are the results of the appropriate single classifiers operation and output is the final solution concerning state of the patient's health. To our mind, the implementation of the proposed stepwise procedure of the informative gene expression profiles extraction create the conditions for increasing effectiveness of the further procedure of gene regulatory networks reconstruction and the following simulation of the reconstructed models considering the subtypes of the disease and/or state of the patient’s health.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0141.v1

Perception, Motivation and Satisfaction of Tourist Women on Their Visit to the City of Cordoba (Spain)

Alexandra Lenis Escobar, Ramón Rueda López, Manuel Pérez-Priego, María de los Baños García-Moreno García

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: tourist perception; tourist motivation; tourist satisfaction; gender; segmentation; Cordoba

Online: 6 August 2020 (09:33:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0109.v1

Legal Complexities of Entry, Rescue, Seizure and Disposal of Disaster Affected Companion Animals in New Zealand

Steve Glassey

Subject: Social Sciences, Law Keywords: animal; disaster; law

Online: 5 August 2020 (05:02:17 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Weather Conditions and COVID-19 Incidence in a Cold Climate: A Time-series Study in Finland

Behzad Heibati, Wenge Wang, Niilo Ryti, Francesca Dominici, Alan Ducatman, Zhijie Zhang, Jouni Jaakkola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Cold Climate; Weather; Finland

Online: 4 August 2020 (15:59:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0074.v1

Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Patients Using Data Mining Techniques with Principal Component Analysis and K-Medoids

Edy Irwansyah, Ebiet Salim Pratama, Margaretha Ohyver

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: data mining; cardiovascular diseases; cluster analysis; principle component analysis

Online: 4 August 2020 (03:56:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0060.v1

COVID-19: Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitudes of Residents in the Northern Region of Ghana, West Africa

Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba, Joseph Nzeh, Francis Addy, Akosua Bonsu Karikari

Subject: Social Sciences, Area Studies Keywords: COVID-19; knowledge; perception; attitude; Northern Region; Ghana

Online: 3 August 2020 (00:53:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0052.v1

Preservation of Vitamin C and Phenolic Compounds from Umbu (Spondias Tuberosa Arr. Cam.) via Spray Drying

Thais Muniz, Hanndson Araujo, Eudeson G. Paiva Santos, Iara Bezerra de Oliveira, Maria Elita Duarte Martins, Mario Cavalcanti-Mata, Hugo Lisboa, Matheus A. Pasquali

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: Spray Drying; Vitamin C; Phenolic Compounds; Preservation; Modeling; Optimization

Online: 2 August 2020 (18:22:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0036.v1

Climate Change and Alpine Screes: No Future for Glacial Relict Papaver occidentale (Papaveraceae) in Western Prealps

Yann Fragnière, Loïc Pittet, Benoît Clément, Sébastien Bétrisey, Emanuel Gerber, Michal Ronikier, Christian Parisod, Gregor Kozlowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Arctic-alpine flora; Extinction due to climate change; Narrow endemism; Papaver alpinum aggr; Scree species; Species distribution modelling

Online: 2 August 2020 (15:06:03 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Skymask Matching Aided Positioning Using Sky-Pointing Fisheye Camera and 3D City Models in Urban Canyons

Max Jwo Lem Lee, Shang Lee, Hoi-Fung Ng, Li-Ta Hsu

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: GPS; GNSS; Localization; Navigation; Urban Canyon; Cameras; Image segmentation

Online: 2 August 2020 (12:19:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0712.v1

Structures and Functions of Viral 5’ Non-Coding Genomic RNA Domain-I in Enterovirus-B Infections

Marie GLENET, Laetitia HENG, Domitille CALLON, Anne-Laure LEBREIL, Paul-Antoine GRETTEAU, Yohan NGUYEN, Fatma BERRI, Laurent ANDREOLETTI

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Group-B Enterovirus; RNA domain-I; viral ribonucleoprotein complexes; Enterovirus replication; 5’ terminally deleted viral forms; antiviral innate immune response; type I Interferon

Online: 30 July 2020 (10:00:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0694.v1

Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress directly underneath Agrivoltaic conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crops Cultivation

Noor Fadzlinda Othman, Mohammad Effendy Yaacob, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su, Juju Nakasha Jaafar, Hashim Hizam, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin, Guangnan Chen, Adam Jalaludin

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Transpiration; PV Heat Conversion; Plant Heat Stress; Agrivoltaic system; Sustainable Integration; Thermal Analysis

Online: 29 July 2020 (11:20:25 CEST)

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This paper shares some new information on the ambient temperature profile and the heat stress occurrences directly underneath ground-mounted Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Arrays (monocrystalline-based) focusing on different temperature levels. A common ground for this work lies on the fact that 10C increase of PV cell temperature results in reduction of 0.5% energy conversion efficiency thus any means of natural cooling mechanism would gain much benefit especially to the Solar Farm operators. Transpiration process plays an important role in the cooling of green plants where in average it could dissipate around 32.9% of the total solar energy absorbed by the leaf making it a good natural cooling mechanism. This condition is relatively applied for herbs specifically for this project, Orthosiphon Stamineus or generally known as Java Tea are used as the high value crops. The thermal process via convective heat and mass exchange of leaves with the environment is relevant for a better understanding of plant physiological processes in response to environmental conversion factors for a wide range of applications. An important fact for plant heat stress with respect to the Ambient temperature is that the range lies between 10 C to 15 C above the surrounding value. This heat stress condition is relatively important and should be modelled in crops-energy integration. Agrivoltaic concept is a system that combines commercial agriculture and photovoltaic electricity generation in the same space. The concept is in line with the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG) which highlights the clean energy and sustainable urban living. The integration of agrivoltaic systems would optimize the yield, improving clean system efficiency and solving the issue of land resource sustainability. The PV bottom surface temperature are the main source of dissipated heat as shown in the thermal images recorded at 5 minutes interval at 3 sampling time. Statistical analysis shows that the Thermal correlations for transpiration process and heat stress occurrences between PV bottom surface and plant height will be an important finding for large scale plant cultivation in agrivoltaic farms.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0677.v1

Bacterivorous Nematodes Correlate with Soil Fertility and Improved Crop Production in an Organic Minimum Tillage System

Jan H. Schmidt, Johannes Hallmann, Maria R. Finckh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: conservation agriculture; compost; soil quality; bio-test; macro- and micronutrients; free-living nematodes; microbial respiration; microbial biomass

Online: 28 July 2020 (10:31:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0668.v1

Gut Microbiome in Children from Indigenous and Urban Communities in Mexico: Different Subsistence Models Different Microbiomes

Andres Sanchez-Quinto, Daniel Cerqueda-García, Luisa I. Falcón, Osiris Gaona, Santiago Martinez, Javier Nieto, Isaac González-Santoyo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Intestinal microbiome; infant microbiota; diet; westernized; non-westernized; lifestyle; microbial diversity; human health

Online: 28 July 2020 (08:37:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0599.v1

Crisis Self-Efficacy and Work Commitment of Education Workers among Public Schools during COVID-19 Pandemic

Erick Baloran, Jenny Hernan

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: crisis self-efficacy; work commitment; education workers; public schools; COVID-19 pandemic

Online: 24 July 2020 (14:47:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0577.v1

Mechanistic Modelling of Coronavirus Infections and the Impact of Confined Neighbourhoods on a Short Time Scale

Danish Ahmed, Ali Ansari, Mudassar Imran, Kamaludin Dingle, Naveed Ahmed, Michael Bonsall

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; SARS-CoV2; Random walks; Population dispersal; Diffusion; Lockdown; Confinement; Movement restrictions; Disease spread; Kuwait

Online: 24 July 2020 (10:57:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0470.v1

Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Methods towards Investigating Proprioception Impairment in Non-specific Low Back Pain Patients

Seyed Mohammadreza Shokouhyan, Mehrdad Davoudi, Maryam Hoviattalab, Mohsen Abedi, Soha Bervis, Mohamad Parnianpour, Simon Brumagne, Kinda Khalaf

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Posture control; low back pain; COP; proprioception; Recurrence Quantification Analysis; Vibrator

Online: 20 July 2020 (11:39:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0343.v1

Effects of Whey and Pea Protein Supplementation on Post-Eccentric Exercise Muscle Damage: A Randomized Trial

David C. Nieman, Kevin A. Zwetsloot, Andrew J. Simonson, Andrew T. Hoyle, Xintang Wang, Heather K. Nelson, Catherine Lefranc-Millot, Laetitia Guérin-Deremaux

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: protein; exercise; muscle damage; creatine kinase; myoglobin; inflammation

Online: 16 July 2020 (06:33:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0323.v1

Multiple Scattering Theory for Strong Scattering Heterogeneous Elastic Continua with Triaxial Inhomogeneities: Theoretical Fundamentals and Applications

Huijing He

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: scattering; heterogeneity; anisotropy; elastic waves; dispersion; attenuation; Mohorovičić discontinuity

Online: 15 July 2020 (09:01:02 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Preventing and Managing Urinary Tract Infections: Enhancing the Role of Community Pharmacists – A Mixed Methods Study

Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Rosalie Allison, Leah F Jones, Alison H Holmes, Parvesh Patel, Donna M Lecky, Raheelah Ahmad, Cliodna AM McNulty

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Pharmacist; Community; Urinary tract infections; Leaflet; Self-care; General Public; Antimicrobial stewardship

Online: 14 July 2020 (10:53:34 CEST)

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Community pharmacists are involved in antimicrobial stewardship through self-care advice and delivering medications for uncomplicated infections. Objectives This mixed methods study aimed to identify opportunities to enhance the role of community pharmacists in the management of patients with suspected or confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods Data collection was through a service user survey (n=51) and pharmacist surveys and semi-structured interviews before (16 interviews, 22 questionnaires) and after (15 interviews, 16 questionnaires) trialling UTI leaflets designed to be shared with patients. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis and descriptive tabulation of quantitative data. Results Twenty-five percent (n=13/51) of service users with urinary symptoms sought help from a pharmacist first and 65% (n=33/51) were comfortable discussing their urinary symptoms with a pharmacist in a private space. Community pharmacists were confident as the first professional contact for service users with uncomplicated UTI (n=13/16, 81%), but indicated the lack of a specific patient referral pathway (n=16/16, 100%), the need for additional funding and staff (n=10/16, 62%), and the importance of developing prescription options for pharmacists (5/16, 31%). All community pharmacists reported playing a daily role in controlling antimicrobial resistance by educating service users about viral and bacterial infections and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Enhancing their role will need greater integrated working with general practices and more prescribers based in community pharmacy. Conclusion This study suggests that community pharmacists could play a greater role in the management of uncomplicated UTI. The current reconfiguration of primary care in England with primary care networks and integrated care systems could provide a real opportunity for this collaborative working with potential learning for international initiatives.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0291.v1

A Dynamics Appraisal of Association among Food Insecurity, Women and Child Health: Evidence from Developing Countries

Shahzad Hameed, Wei Wei, Nazish Chaudhary

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: food availability; food access; food utilization; food stability; Asia

Online: 14 July 2020 (05:39:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0277.v1

Survival Outcomes of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients in Brunei Darussalam and the Impact of KRAS Mutations

Datul Damit, Ravi Patnaik, Liling Chaw, Shir Kiong Lu, Telisinghe Pemasiri Upali, Zen Huat Lu, Kenneth Kok, Ya Chee Lim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: colorectal cancer; survival; KRAS; median; codon; metastasis; sided; tumour

Online: 13 July 2020 (03:03:23 CEST)

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, with rising incidence due to lifestyle and diet. 40% of CRC cases are found to have KRAS mutations. In this study, we investigate the survival outcome of metastatic Colorectal cancer mCRC) patients in Brunei Darussalam restrospectively. Chi-squared test was used to compare the survival outcomes of mCRC patients, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the median ages of both groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn and logrank test was used to compare the survival outcome between two groups. There was a total of 105 patients with stage IV CRC being treated during the study period. 81.6% (n=62) of mCRC patients were found to have the primary tumours on the left side of the colon. 19 of these 26 (73.1%) mutant KRAS mCRC patients died, while 23 of 50 (46.0%) wild-type KRAS mCRC patients died at the end of the study period, contributing to death rates of 45.2% and 54.8%, correspondingly. 30.3% (n=23) of the study population had a single metastatic site detected (either liver, or lung or any other organs), while 69.7% (n=53) of the 76 mCRC patients had two (double) or more metastatic sites. 69.2% (n=18) and 30.8% (n=8) of the mutant KRAS mCRC patients had mutations within codons 12 and 13, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Brunei Darussalam to analyse both the survival outcomes of metastatic CRC patients and those of mutant KRAS mCRC patients. Chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the survival outcomes of wild-type KRAS and mutant KRAS mCRC patients (p-value = 0.024). There was a significant difference in the survival outcome between the mutant KRAS mCRC patients with RCC and mutant KRAS mCRC with LCC patients. There was no significant difference between the survival outcomes of mutant KRAS patients with mutations in either codon 12 or 13 of the KRAS gene (Table 3). However, there is a significant difference in the median survival periods between the mutant KRAS mCRC patients with mutations in codon 12 and those with mutation in codon 13 of the KRAS gene (p-value = 0.003). In conclusion, we found that mutant KRAS mCRC patients had a significantly poorer OS, which was shown to be worse when the primary tumours were found at the left side of the colon. Mutant KRAS mCRC patients with mutations in codon 12 were found to have shorter survival median periods than those with mutations within codon 13.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0238.v1

Spatial Variability and Detection Levels for Chlorophyll-A Estimates in High Latitude Lakes Using Landsat Imagery

Filipe Lisboa, Vanda Brotas, Filipe Duarte Santos, Sakari Kuikka, Laura Kaikkonen, Eduardo Maeda

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Ocean colour; phytoplankton ecology; Earth Observation; Inland Waters; Lakes; phenology change

Online: 11 July 2020 (09:59:49 CEST)

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Monitoring lakes in high-latitude areas can provide a better understanding of freshwater systems sensitivity and accrete knowledge on climate change impacts. Phytoplankton are sensitive to various conditions: warmer temperatures, earlier ice-melt and changing nutrient sources. Satellite imagery can monitor algae biomass over large areas. The detection of chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations in small lakes is hindered by the low spatial resolution of conventional ocean colour satellites. The short time-series of the newest generation of space-borne sensors (e.g. Sentinel-2) is a bottleneck for assessing long-term trends. Although previous studies have evaluated the use of high-resolution sensors for assessing lakes' chl-a, it is still unclear how the spatial and temporal variability of chl-a concentration affect the performance of satellite estimates. We discuss the suitability of Landsat (LT) 30-m resolution imagery to assess lakes' chl-a concentrations under varying trophic conditions, across extensive high-latitude areas in Finland. We use in situ data obtained from field campaigns in 19 lakes and generate remote sensing estimates of chl-a, taking advantage of the long-time span of the LT 5 and 7 archives, from 1984 to 2017. Our results show that linear models based on LT data can explain approximately 50 % of the chl-a interannual variability. However, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the estimates is dependent on the lake's trophic state, with models performing in average twice as better in lakes with higher chl-a concentration (> 20 µg/l) in comparison with less eutrophic lakes. Finally, we demonstrate that linear models based on LT data can achieve high accuracy (R2 = 0.9; p-value < 0.05) in determining lakes' annual mean chl-a concentration, allowing the mapping of the trophic state of lakes across large regions. Given the long time-series and high spatial resolution, LT-based estimates of chl-a provide a tool for assessing the impacts of environmental change.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0180.v1

Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Uptake of Cationic Beta-Cyclodextrins as Valid Tools in Nasal Delivery

Giovanna Rassu, Silvia Fancello, Marta Roldo, Milo Malanga, Lajos Szente, Rossana Migheli, Elisabetta Gavini, Paolo Giunchedi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Cationic cyclodextrin; cyclodextrin polymer; epichlorohydrin cross-linker; nasal delivery; cytotoxicity; cell uptake

Online: 9 July 2020 (08:05:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0177.v1

Evaluation of Shrimp Waste Valorization Combining Computer Aided Simulation and Numerical Descriptive Inherent Safety Technique (NuDIST)

Antonio Zuorro, Daylisney Cassiani-Cassiani, Demmy A. Meza-González, Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader, Ángel Darío González-Delgado

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Chitosan; Process safety; NuDIST; CAPE; Shrimp

Online: 9 July 2020 (07:49:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0167.v1

Renewable Energy Green Innovation, Fossil Energy Consumption and Air Pollution--- Spatial Empirical Analysis Based on China

Neng Shen, Hui Peng, Yifan Wang

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Econometrics And Statistics Keywords: renewable energy; energy consumption; air pollution; spatial dubin model; spatial analysis

Online: 9 July 2020 (06:00:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0161.v1

A Study on New Type of Degenerate Poly-Cauchy Polynomials and Numbers of the Second Kind

Waseem Khan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: Degenerate polylogarithm functions; Degenerate poly-Cauchy polynomials; Degenerate unipoly-Cauchy polynomials

Online: 8 July 2020 (18:51:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0150.v1

A Novel Optimization Algorithm to Create Perennial Calendar System based on Gregorian and International Fixed Calendards

Claude El-Bayeh

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: Gregorian Calendar; weekly-based calendar; original calendar

Online: 8 July 2020 (11:25:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0123.v1

The Status of Causality in Biological Databases for Logical Modeling: Data Resources and Data Retrieval Possibilities

Vasundra Touré, Åsmund Flobak, Anna Niarakis, Steven Vercruysse, Martin Kuiper

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: causal interactions; databases; interoperability; biological pathway; logical modeling; computational biology

Online: 7 July 2020 (09:50:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0036.v1

Development and Application of a Patient Group Engagement Prioritization Tool for Use in Medical Product Development

Brian Perry, Carrie Dombeck, Jaye Bea Smalley, Bennett Levitan, David Leventhal, Bray Patrick-Lake, Linda Brennan, Kevin McKenna, Zachary Hallinan, Amy Corneli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: patient engagement; stakeholder engagement; patient group engagement; prioritization tool; patient engagement activities

Online: 3 July 2020 (12:15:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0274.v1

Association between Bone Turnover Markers, Leptin and Nutritional Status in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

Edyta Matusik, Jacek Durmala, Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Jerzy Chudek, Pawel Matusik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; bone turnover markers; leptin; body composition

Online: 21 June 2020 (14:33:41 CEST)

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The link between scoliotic deformity and bone metabolism in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has not been well researched. Moreover, the data concerning the cross-talk between fat tissue content/hormonal activity and bone markers in this group of patients are lacking. The objective of this study was to correlate the extent of scoliotic-curve severity with the bone turnover vs. leptin level and nutritional status in girls with AIS. The study encompassed 77 AIS girls, aged 14.7 ± 2.17 years. Scoliotic curve severity assessed by Cobb’s angle was categorized as mild (10-19o) moderate (20-39º) or severe (≥40º). Corrected height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured and body mass index (BMI), corrected height Z-score, BMI Z-score and waist/height ratio (WHtR) were calculated for the entire group. Body composition parameters: fat mass (FAT), fat-free mass (FFM) and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Bone turnover markers (osteocalcin (OC) and amino terminal of collagen cross-links NTx) and leptin levels were assessed in serum. Multiple regression analysis showed that, OC, NTx (negatively with p<0.05) and leptin (positively with p<0.01) were significantly associated with curve severity in AIS girls. Moreover, Cobb’s angle was positively correlated with W/HtR (p<0.01)and FAT (p<0.05). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in leptin (p<0.05 vs. mild only), OC (p<0.05 vs. mild and moderate)) and W/HtR (p<0.01 and p<0.05 vs. mild and moderate respectively) between the three AIS severity subgroups. OC was significantly lower in the severe AIS subgroup, while leptin and W/HtR were significantly higher. Significant correlations between leptin and anthropometrical parameters as BMI z-score and W/HtR were shown. Leptin level correlated also significantly with BMI z score (p<0.001), W/HtR (p<0.0001) and body composition parameters (p<0.000001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between NTx and leptin level (p<0.05). Bone metabolism in AIS girls seems to be altered and significantly related to the scoliotic curve severity. Leptin may be a crucial link in the cross-talk between bone turnover and body composition in this group of patients. Further studies concerning this topic are needed.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0271.v1

Vilfredo De Pascalis, Giuliana Cirillo, Arianna Vecchio, Joseph Ciorciari

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: ERPs; Autism Spectrum Quotient; face perception; emotion

Online: 21 June 2020 (14:04:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0086.v2

An Overview of Basic Molecular Biology of SARS-CoV-2 and Current COVID-19 Prevention Strategies

Ankur Das, Raja Ahmed, Suraiya Akhtar, Khaleda Begum, Sofia Banu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Genome organisation and expression; Polyproteins; Prevention strategies

Online: 14 June 2020 (16:49:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0129.v1

Impact of Lockdown due to COVID-19 Outbreak : Lifestyle Changes and Public Health Concerns in India

Latha Narayanan, Mansi Pandit, Subhro Basu, Arijeet Karmakar, Vanshika Bidhan, Hrithik Kumar, Kousheen Brar

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Lockdown; Lifestyle changes; Public Health; Society

Online: 10 June 2020 (09:22:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0122.v1

Synergistic Hepatoprotective Interaction between α-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Saidul Islam Khan, Mahmuda Begum, Rama Chowdhury, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Hepatoprotective; ascorbic acid; α-tocopherol; paracetamol; ALT; MDA; Histology

Online: 9 June 2020 (11:40:38 CEST)

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Background and objectives: The hepatoprotective activity of vitamin E and C is evident due to their ability of modulating the antioxidant pathway. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on paracetamol induced liver damage with offsetting various levels of drug treatment following an in vivo experimental protocol on Wistar albino male rats. Materials and Methods: The level of lipid peroxidation as well as histological examination of liver tissues were observed among 50 Wistar albino male rats to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on hepatocytes. The experiment was divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group)- Basal control group (Group-I, with propylene glycol), Paracetamol treated control group (Group –II), α-tocopherol pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –III), Ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –IV) and Ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –IV). Results: The mean (± SD) Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were significantly reduced in α-tocopherol pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P<0.001), Ascorbic acid pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P≤0.05) and combined α-tocopherol with ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). Statistically significant differences in histological findings of rat liver were observed in paracetamol treated control group (P<0.001), ascorbic acid pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was also significantly higher in paracetamol treated group (P<0.001), α-tocopherol pretreated plus paracetamol treated group (P≤0.05) and in ascorbic acid pretreated plus paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The combined pretreatment of α-tocopherol & ascorbic acid have better hepatoprotective effects than α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid alone against paracetamol induced liver damage. The decrement of free radicals produced by vitamin E could be a better hepatoprotective antioxidant than vitamin C in paracetamol induced toxicity.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Further Results on a Matrix Equality and Matrix Set Inclusions for Generalized Inverses of Matrix Products

Yongge Tian

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: generalized inverse; matrix product; matrix equality; reverse order law; set inclusion; rank equality

Online: 5 June 2020 (14:41:12 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Novel Lockstep-based Approach with Roll-back and Roll-forward Recovery to Mitigate Radiation-Induced Soft Errors

Server Kasap, Eduardo Weber Wächter, Xiaojun Zhai, Shoaib Ehsan, Klaus McDonald-Maier

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Lockstep; Reliability; Fault Tolerance; Soft Error Mitigation; Zynq APSoC; ARM Cortex-A Processor; MicroBlaze Processor

Online: 8 August 2020 (04:57:57 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0044.v1

Major Concerns on the Identification of Bat Coronavirus Strain RaTG13 and Quality of Related Nature Paper

xiaoxu lin, Shizhong Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Epidemiology; COVID-19; coronavirus; bat; RaTG13; BtCoV/4991; SARS-CoV-2; Pangolin Coronavirus; next generation sequencing

Online: 5 June 2020 (06:17:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0008.v1

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Associated With Mental Health and Psychosocial Stress in Young Adults

Li Chen, Haidong Zhu, Gregory A. Harshfield, Frank A. Treiber, Jennifer S. Pollock, David Pollock, Olivia I. Okereke, Shaoyong Su, Yanbin Dong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; depression, anxiety; perceived stress; hostility

Online: 3 June 2020 (04:55:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0501.v1

Double-Edged Sword of Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic on Crude Oil Stock Returns

Monday Osagie Adenomon, Ngozi G. Emenogu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Crude oil; Global financial crisis; COVID-19; Stock; Returns; Persistence

Online: 31 May 2020 (20:15:29 CEST)

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This study investigates the impact of global financial crisis and the present COVID-19 pandemic on daily and weekly Crude oil futures using four variants of ARMA-GARCH models: ARMA-sGARCH, ARMA-eGARCH, ARMA-TGARCH and ARMA- aPARCH with dummy variables We also investigated the persistence, half-life and backtesting of the models. This study therefore seeks to contribute to the body of literature on the impact of global financial crisis and the present COVID-19 pandemic on crude oil futures market. This investigation of the impact of global financial crisis and the COVID-19 on crude oil futures has not been much studied at present. We obtained and analyzed the daily and weekly crude oil futures from secondary sources. Daily crude oil futures used in this study covers the period from the 4th January 2000 to 27th April 2020 while the weekly crude oil futures covered from 2ndJanuary 2000 to 26th April 2020 . The global financial crisis period covered from 2nd July 2007 to 31st March 2009 and the current COVID-19 pandemic covered from 1st January 2020 to 27th April, 2020. The study used both student t and skewed student t innovations with AIC, goodness-of-test fit and backtesting to select the best model. Most of the estimated ARMA-GARCH models are supported by skewed student t distribution while most of the ARMA-GARCH models exhibited high persistence values in the presence of global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. In the overall, the estimated ARMA(1,0)-eGARCH(2,1) and ARMA(1,0)-eGARCH(2,2) model for daily crude oil futures and weekly crude oil futures respectively have been significantly impacted by the global financial crisis and the Present COVID-19 pandemic while the preferred estimated models also passed the goodness-of-test fit and backtesting.This study recommends shareholders and investors should think outside the box as crude oil futures tend to be affected by global financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic while countries also that depend mostly on crude oil are encouraged to diversify their economy in other to survive and be sustained during financial and health crisis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0443.v1

Inactivated Platelet Lysate Supports Proliferation and Immunomodulant Characteristics Of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in GMP Culture Condition

Katia Mareschi, Sara Castiglia, Aloe Adamini, Deborah Rustichelli, Elena Marini, Alessia Giovanna Santa Banche Niclot, Massimiliano Bergallo, Luciana Labanca, Ivana Ferrero, Franca Fagioli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells; Good Manufacturing Practice; Inactivated Platelet Lysate

Online: 27 May 2020 (08:15:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0412.v1

Τhe February – March 2019 Seismic Swarm Offshore North Lefkada Island, Greece: Microseismicity Analysis and Geodynamic Implications

Anastasios Kostoglou, Vassilios Karakostas, Polyzois Bountzis, Eleftheria Papadimitriou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: seismic swarm; relocated aftershocks; transition zone; b-value temporal variation; central Ionian Islands (Greece)

Online: 25 May 2020 (16:47:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0376.v1

Computational Strategies to Combat COVID-19: Useful Tools to Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Research

Franziska Hufsky, Kevin Lamkiewicz, Alexandre Almeida, Abdel Aouacheria, Cecilia Arighi, Alex Bateman, Jan Baumbach, Niko Beerenwinkel, Christian Brandt, Marco Cacciabue, Sara Chuguransky, Oliver Drechsel, Robert D. Finn, Adrian Fritz, Stephan Fuchs, Georges Hattab, Anne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Heider, Marie Hoffmann, Martin Hölzer, Stefan Hoops, Lars Kaderali, Ioanna Kalvari, Max von Kleist, René Kmiecinski, Denise Kühnert, Gorka Lasso, Pieter Libin, Markus List, Hannah F. Löchel, Maria J. Martin, Roman Martin, Julian Matschinske, Alice C. McHardy, Pedro Mendes, Jaina Mistry, Vincent Navratil, Eric Nawrocki, Áine Niamh O'Toole, Nancy Palacios-Ontiveros, Anton I. Petrov, Guillermo Rangel-Piñeros, Nicole Redaschi, Susanne Reimering, Knut Reinert, Alejandro Reyes, Lorna Richardson, David L. Robertson, Sepideh Sadegh, Joshua B. Singer, Kristof Theys, Chris Upton, Marius Welzel, Lowri Williams, Manja Marz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virus bioinformatics; SARS-CoV-2; sequencing; epidemiology; drug design; tools

Online: 23 May 2020 (11:01:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0302.v1

Oxidized and Non-Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Materials for Adsorption of Lanthanum(III) Aqueous Solutions

Francisco J. Alguacil, Irene García-Díaz, Esther Escudero Baquero, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Félix Antonio López

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Applied Chemistry Keywords: lanthanum; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; adsorption; recovery

Online: 18 May 2020 (12:35:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0269.v1

Prevalence, Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Lassa Fever Disease (LFD) in a Tertiary Hospital, Southeast Nigeria

Maria-Lauretta Orji, Nnamdi Onyire, Uche Unigwe, Nnennaya Ajayi, Demian Nwidi, Elizabeth Odey, Joseph Agboeze, Chiedozie Ojide, Fortune Ujunwa, Emeka Onwe, Robinson Onoh, Precious Madume

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: case fatality; Lassa virus; pattern; positivity rate; outcome; ribavirin

Online: 16 May 2020 (16:41:27 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0190.v1

Deteriorating Atrioventricular Block in COVID-19 Suspected Patient after Receiving Initial Dose of Azythromycin and Hydroxychloroquine

Billy Aditya Pratama, Afik Maulana Rachman, Vita Yanti Anggraeni, Erika Maharani, Ika Trisnawati, Bambang Sigit Riyanto, Anggoro Budi Hartopo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; azythromycin; hydroxychloroquine; atrioventricular block

Online: 11 May 2020 (10:10:42 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0162.v1

Joint Space Redundancy Resolution of Serial Link Manipulator: An Inverse Kinematics and Continuum Structure Numerical Approach

Toshit Jain, Jinesh Kumar Jain, Debanik Roy

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: inverse kinematics; DLS system; redundancy resolution; redundant manipulator; continuum structure; manipulator positioning

Online: 9 May 2020 (10:12:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0133.v1

Analysis of Lower-hand Wrist Flexion and Twist of the Mallet Head in a Croquet Shot

Jenny Clarke

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: Wrist injury; motion capture; croquet; technique analysis; overuse

Online: 7 May 2020 (15:16:48 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

When COVID-19 Will Decline in India? Prediction by Combination of Recovery and Case Load Rate

Atanu Bhattacharjee, Mukesh Kumar, Kamalesh Kumar Patel

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: COVID-19; recovery rate; case load rate; India

Online: 4 May 2020 (02:17:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0510.v1

A Structural View at SARS-CoV-2 RNA Replication Machinery: RNA Synthesis, Proofreading and Final Capping

Maria Romano, Alessia Ruggiero, Flavia Squeglia, Giovanni Maga, Rita Berisio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID19; RNA replication; protein structure; infectious disease

Online: 29 April 2020 (12:52:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0479.v1

Need for Specialized Therapeutic Stem Cells Banks Equipped with Tumor Regression Enzymes and Anti-Tumor Genes

Mujib Ullah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Stem cells banks; Cancer; Cytosine deaminase; Tumor; Gene therapy

Online: 27 April 2020 (04:49:54 CEST)

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Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

The First, Comprehensive Immunological Model of COVID-19: Implications for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Public Health Measures

Paolo Matricardi, Roberto Dal Negro, Roberto Nisini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: antibodies; COVID-19; glycans; immunoglobulin M; SARS-CoV-2; pneumonia; prediction; protection

Online: 24 April 2020 (10:25:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0425.v1

Non-Coding RNAs and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies to Target the 5’UTR of SARS-CoV-2

Antonella Baldassarre, Alessandro Paolini, Stefania Paola Bruno, Cristina Felli, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Andrea Masotti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 5’UTR; miRNAs; RNAi; GapmeRs

Online: 24 April 2020 (04:16:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0398.v1

Psychosocial, and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment

Mashura Shammi, Md. Bodrud-Doza, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Md. Mostafizur Rahman

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: COVID-19; Perception-based questionnaire; principal component analysis (PCA); Linear regression model; social panic; social conflict

Online: 22 April 2020 (09:55:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0377.v1

The Dynamics of Humoral Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential for Reinfection

Paul Kellam, Wendy Barclay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; immune response; antibodies

Online: 21 April 2020 (06:56:12 CEST)

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