Background Dietary guidelines typically recommend limiting the intake of fresh red meat, yet evidence linking red meat consumption with adverse health outcomes is inconsistent. Objective To assess the level of evidence from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses and analyze the association between high consumption of red meat and cancer risk and adverse health outcomes. Methods Eight databases were searched to collect systematic reviews and meta-analyses from database inception to December 2022. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data and used the AMSTAR 2 tool to evaluate methodological quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17.0. Results A total of 18 studies were included, of which 5 were rated as high quality, 4 as medium quality, 6 as low quality, and 3 as extremely low quality. Of the 9 SRs/MAs included, primary studies with overlap were identified, and 14 studies were eventually included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the lowest intake of red meat, the highest intake of red meat was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07-1.37), gastric cancer (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.18-1.59), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR 1.10.95% CI 1.02-1.19), stroke (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20), type 2 diabetes (RR 1.19 95% CI 1.04-1.37), and ischemic heart disease (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.12), as well as a negative effect on total cholesterol (WMD 0.264, 95% CI 0.144-0.383), triglycerides (WMD -0.181, 95% CI -0.349 to -0.013), low-density lipoprotein (WMD 0.198, 95% CI 0.065-0.330), and high-density lipoprotein (WMD -0.065, 95% CI -0.109 to -0.020). However, the associations with breast cancer (RR 1.05 95% CI 1.00-1.11), glycemic control (WMD 0.040, 95% CI 0.049-0.129), and changes in body weight status [overweight (β 0.89, 95% CI 0.48-1.64); obesity (β 1.06, 95% CI 0.30-3.71)] were not significant. Conclusions This comprehensive umbrella review suggests that high consumption of red meat may increase the risk of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and that reducing red meat intake is a key modifiable dietary factor for reducing risk. However, there was no significant correlation with breast cancer, kidney stones, age-related eye disease or changes in body weight.

Purposes: To provide abdominal contrast-enhanced MR image synthesis, we developed an image gradient regularized multi-modal multi-discrimination sparse-attention fusion generative adversarial network (GRMM-GAN) to avoid repeated contrast injections to patients and facilitate adaptive monitoring. Methods: With IRB approval, 165 abdominal MR studies from 61 liver cancer patients were retrospectively solicited from our institutional database. Each study included T2, T1 pre-contrast (T1pre), and T1 contrast-enhanced (T1ce) images. The GRMM-GAN synthesis pipeline consists of a sparse attention fusion network, an image gradient regularizer (GR), and a generative adversarial network with multi-discrimination. The studies were randomly divided into 115 for training, 20 for validation, and 30 for testing. The two pre-contrast MR modalities, T2 and T1pre images, were adopted as inputs in the training phase. The T1ce image at the portal venous phase was used as an output. The synthesized T1ce images were compared with the ground truth T1ce images. The evaluation metrics include peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural-similarity-index (SSIM), and mean-squared-error (MSE). A Turing test and experts’ contours evaluated the image synthesis quality. Results: The proposed GRMM-GAN model achieved a PSNR of 28.56, an SSIM of 0.869, and an MSE of 83.27. The proposed model showed statistically significant improvements in all metrics tested with p-values <0.05 over the state-of-the-art model comparisons. The average Turing test score was 52.33%, close to random guessing, supporting the model's effectiveness for clinical application. In the tumor-specific region analysis, the average tumor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the synthesized MR images was not statistically significant from the real MR images. The average DICE from real vs. synthetic images was 0.90, compared to the inter-operator DICE of 0.91. Conclusion: We demonstrated the function of a novel multi-modal MR image synthesis neural network, GRMM-GAN, for T1ce MR synthesis based on pre-contrast T1 and T2 MR images. GRMM-GAN shows promise for avoiding repeated contrast injections during radiation therapy treatment.

In the paper, the authors find closed forms for derangement numbers in terms of the Hessenberg determinants, discover a recurrence relation of derangement numbers, present a formula for any higher order derivative of the exponential generating function of derangement numbers, and compute some related Hessenberg and tridiagonal determinants.

Cuproptosis, a copper-dependent cellular death mechanism, is typically overlooked in glioblastoma diagnosis. Lipoylation is needed for cuproptosis, and FDX1 controls this process. Cuproptosis in prognostic models may drive cancer treatment. This study evaluated cuproptosis and glioblastoma cell proliferation. The Cancer Genome Atlas provided annotated clinical, genetic mutation, and RNA sequencing data for the TCGA_GBM and TCGA_LGG cohorts. Patients with gliomas were randomly allocated to the validation or training cohort. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to evaluate which model best predicted prognosis in the training cohort. The models' independent predictive power was evaluated throughout the cohort. A previous study revealed 19 genes related to ferroptosis. LncRNAs associated with cuproptosis were identified by coexpression analysis. Cox discovered 17 cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs and established a predictive model. The median risk score classified patients as high- or low-risk. K‒M survival analysis demonstrated significant differences in overall survival among risk categories. Principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to test the model’s predictive power. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed risk score-related independent prognostic factors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct a nomogram for marker-based prognosis. The risk category affected the tumour mutation rate. High-risk glioma patients benefit from immunotherapy. Glioma drug sensitivity was also substantially linked with the risk score. The expression of 17 cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may assist in the stratification of glioma patient prognosis, molecular characteristics, cell cycle gene regulation pathways, the TME, and clinicopathological aspects. Our clinical sample and database analysis revealed that cuproptosis influences glioma prognosis and may guide therapy.

HMGB1 is a key late inflammatory mediator upregulated during air pollution-induced oxidative stress. Extracellular HMGB1 accumulation in the airways and lungs plays significant roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung injury. Decreasing extracellular HMBG1 level may restore innate immune cell functions to protect the lungs from harmful injuries. Current therapies for air-pollution induced respiratory problems are inadequate. Dietary antioxidants from natural sources could serve as a frontline defense for air pollution-induced oxidative stress lung damage. Here, a standardized bioflavonoid antioxidant composition from Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu was evaluated for its efficacy in attenuating acute inflammatory lung injury and sepsis induced by oxidative stress and endotoxemia. Murine hyperoxia-exposed, bacterial-challenged acute lung injury, LPS-induced sepsis, and LPS-induced acute inflammatory lung injury models were utilized in vivo. Effect of the bioflavonoid composition on phagocytic activity and HMGB1 release was assessed using hyperoxia-stressed macrophages in vitro. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for lung tissue damage evaluation, ELISA for inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, western blot analysis for protein and HMGB1 as well as bacterial counts in the lung and airways have been performed. Statistically significant decrease in mortality (50%), reduced proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokines (CINC-3) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, increased bacterial clearance of airways and lungs; reduced airway total protein, and extracellular HMGB1 were observed in vivo. A statistically significant 75.9% reduction in the level of HMGB1 and increased phagocytosis activity were also observed in vitro. The compilation of data in this report strongly suggest that the bioflavonoid composition could be indicated for oxidative stress induced lung damage protection possibly through attenuation of extracellular HMGB1.

Right ventricular remodeling and its function are closely related to the symptom severity and survival of hypoxia pulmonary hypertension, but molecular mechanisms of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial injury remain unclear. It evaluated the cardiac function (by right cardiac catheterization to measure right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure), myocardial tissue morphology（Haematoxylin and Eosin）, myocardial hypertrophy (Wheat Germ Agglutinin Staining), then RNA sequencing was applied to explore the mechanism, which results were verified by western blot in final. Hypoxia developed pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular diastolic and systolic functions were enhanced in rats, such as the mean pulmonary artery pressure, systolic pressure of pulmonary artery, the max pressure of right ventricular, the mean right ventricular pressure, and the heart rate was significantly higher than that in control. We found that Hif-1 signaling pathway and p38-MAPK signaling pathway have been activated by hypoxia, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis also aggravated in the right ventricular, which might be one cause of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial injury, and targeted intervention might be one potential prevention for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial injury induced by hypoxia.

Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are co-pathologies of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Recent evidence has suggested that elevated local cortisol levels are associated with ovarian and endometrial insulin resistance in hyperandrogenic PCOS patients, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical findings remain unclear. We and others have used chronic treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and insulin to create an in vivo rodent model for the onset and development of PCOS-like phenotypes. Here, we aimed to determine whether the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, mitochondrial function, and local inflammation in the ovary and uterus are intrinsically different in PCOS-like rats compared to controls. In both the ovary and the uterus, decreased expression of two GR protein isoforms was concurrent with increased expression of Fkbp51 but not Fkbp52 mRNA in PCOS-like rats compared to controls. However, PCOS-like rats exhibited an opposite regulation of Hsd11b1 or Hsd11b2 mRNAs in the two tissues. Further, the expression of several oxidative phosphorylation-related protein components was decreased in the PCOS-like ovary and uterus, but surprisingly the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial function and homeostasis was increased in the same tissues and animals. Additionally, PCOS-like rats showed the increased expression of ovarian and uterine NFκB signaling proteins and Tnfaip3 mRNA. In PCOS-like rats, while similar decreased expression of Il1b, Il6, and Mmp2 mRNAs was seen in the ovary and uterus, the opposite regulation of Tnfa, Ccl2, Ccl5, and Mmp3 mRNA expression was observed in the two tissues. Both ovaries and uteri from PCOS-like animals showed increased collagen deposition compared to controls. Collectively, our observations suggest that hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance disrupt ovarian and uterine GR activation and trigger compensatory or adaptive effects for mitochondrial homeostasis, allowing tissue-level maintenance of mitochondrial function in order to limit ovarian and uterine dysfunction. Our study also suggests that hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance-induced activation of NFκB signaling resulting in aberrant regulation of inflammation-related gene expression might be tissue specific in female reproductive tissues.

Mechanical equipment is composed of several parts, the interaction between the parts exists throughout whole life cycle leads to the widespread phenomenon of fault coupling and the diagnosis of independent faults cannot meet the requirements of the health management of mechanical equipment under actual working conditions. In this paper, the topological structure of graph neural network is used to describe the correlation of coupling faults and multiple fault types are regarded as network nodes respectively. The fault features are fused and extracted by graph convolution to achieve the classification of coupling faults. In this paper, dynamic vertexes are defined in data topology and the parameters of DIGNN classification model are optimized by changing the fault type of dynamic vertexes during training stage. The data is loaded into dynamic vertexes for classification and analysis during testing stage. The one-dimensional vibration data is converted into two-dimensional time-frequency domain data by wavelet transform making the input features of the model interpretable to reduce the uncertainty of model training. The data topology is then fed into DIGNN for fault classification, and GCN's node aggregation gives interpretability to each layer of network data processing. The method proposed in this paper can realize accurate diagnosis of independent faults on the data set, and can effectively judge the coupling mode of coupling faults, which is suitable for coupling fault analysis of mechanical equipment.

Drought severity still remains a serious concern across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to the destructive impact on multiple sectors of our society The interannual variability and trends in the changes of self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index based on Penman–Monteith (scPDSIPM) and Thornthwaite (scPDSITH) methods for potential evapotranspiration (PET), precipitation (P) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) anomalies, and sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly were investigated through statistical analysis of modelled and remote sensing data. It is shown that scPDSIPM and scPDSITH differed in the representation of drought characteristics over SSA. The scPDSI and remotely-sensed-based anomalies of P and NDVI showed wetting and drying trends over the period 1980-2012. The trend analysis showed increased drought events in the semi-arid and arid regions of SSA over the same period. A correlation analysis reveals a strong relationship between scPDSI variability and P, and NDVI anomalies for monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons. The correlation analysis of scPDSI variability with SST anomalies indicates significant positive and negative relationships, respectively. This study has demonstrated the applicability of multiple data sources for drought assessment and provides useful information for regional drought predictability and mitigation strategies.

Biogeography research is flawed by the poor understanding of microbial distributions due to the lack of a systematic research framework, especially regarding appropriate study units. By combining pure culture and molecular methods, we studied the biogeographic patterns of nematode-trapping fungi by collecting and analysing 2,250 specimens from 228 sites in Yunnan Province, China. We found typical watershed patterns at the species and genetic levels of nematode-trapping fungi. The results showed that microbial biogeography could be better understood by 1) using watersheds as research units, 2) removing the coverup of widespread species, and 3) applying good sampling efforts and strategies. We suggest that watersheds could help unify the understanding of the biogeographic patterns of animals, plants, and microbes and may also help account for the historical and contemporary factors driving species distributions.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is significantly underreported in Mongolia due to geographical remoteness, lack of early diagnostics, and poor clinical management. This study aimed to provide a more accurate estimate of CE in Mongolia by comparing data of surgical (reported) and diagnosed (unreported) cases, and assessing the challenges faced by rural doctors in disease management and surveillance. We collected data on surgical cases hospitalized between 2006-2016 and newly diagnosed CE cases in 2016 from eight provinces. Using a quasi-Poisson regression model of the collected data, we used extrapolation to estimate the number of diagnosed cases for the entire country. Additionally, fourty health professionals from all 21 provinces rated local clinical management for CE through a questionnaire. Results reveal that surgical cases (2.2 per year) represent only one-eighth of diagnosed cases (15.9 per year). The laboratory facilities, disease reporting, and cyst classification usage scored below 2. These results highlight the significant underreporting of CE in Mongolia and urges human and animal health experts, along with policymakers, to invest into combating CE, particularly in remote provincial areas. It also emphasizes the need for standard clinical management involving cyst classification according to WHO-IWGE, seamless integration of CE reporting and monitoring mechanisms, which can significantly contribute to the national and global burden estimation of CE.

Variable and sometimes contrasting effects of using artificial rhizobium inocula to increase grain legume performance have been reported. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore to (i) estimate the overall effect of rhizobium inocula on grain yield and protein content and (ii) identify potential confounding factors that explain the observed variation. A web of Science database literature search was carried out in 2016. Data from all field experiments, greenhouse and pot experiments that compared grain yields and protein contents in Rhizobium/Bradyrhizobium-inoculated with non-inoculated control crops were extracted and analyzed using previously described unweighted and weighted meta-analysis protocols. GRADE assessments of the strength of evidence of results from the weighted meta-analyses were carried which included an assessment of the risk of publication bias. Results: For unweighted meta-analyses we identified eligible data in 236 and 36 studies for grain yield and protein content respectively. For weighted meta-analyses we identified eligible data in 92 and 8 studies for grain yield and protein content respectively. Rhizobium inoculation was found to (i) significantly increase grain yield in both the unweighted (mean percent difference: 41%, 95%CI 36,46, p&lt;0.0001) and weighted meta-analysis (Standardized mean difference: 1.56, 95%CI 1.26,1.87, p&lt;0.0001) and (ii) significantly increase protein content in the unweighted meta-analysis (mean percent difference: 11%, 95%CI 5,18, p&lt;0.0001), but not the weighed meta-analyses which only detected a trend (0.1&gt;p&gt;0.05) towards higher protein content in inoculated grain legume crops. Multi-level model-based weighted meta-analyses suggest that the (i) type of experiment, (ii) type of fertilizer used in experiments, (iii) grain legume type/species and (iv) the country in which experiments were carried out, were confounding factors. The main limitation of the evidence is that a large number of publications did not report measures of variation and could therefore not be included in the more scientifically sound weighted meta-analyses. However based on the large evidence-base available for grain yield it can be concluded that overall Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium seed inoculation results can increase grain yield by ~40% compared with non-inoculated grain legume crops.

The global usage of veterinary antibiotics is significant. These antibiotics can be released into the aquatic environment and exert toxic effects on non-target organisms. To explore the physiological effects of tetracycline antibiotics on aquatic life, the growth characteristics of and toxin release from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were studied. Results showed that the toxicity order of the three target antibiotics was TC (tetracycline) > CTC (chlortetracycline hydrochloride) > OTC (oxytetracycline) in terms of inhibition occurrence time and the EC₁₀ and EC₂₅ values. Further, the target antibiotics regulated the production of MC-LR (microcystin-LR) to different degrees. CTC destroyed the M. aeruginosa cells and resulted in a decreased MC-LR release but stimulated the ability to synthesise MC-LR. OTC had a relatively weaker toxicity compared with CTC, while TC was the most toxic among the three antibiotics. Therefore, TC is friendly to the aquatic environment because it simultaneously reduced the intracellular and extracellular MC-LR content. These results aid our understanding of the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on Microcystis aeruginosa, which is important for environmental evaluation and protection. These results are also helpful for guiding the application of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural settings.

The rural population in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka is largely affected by Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDu). According to the multidisciplinary research carried out so far, quality of groundwater was considered one of the possible causative factors for CKDu. Therefore, the assessment of water quality variations and evolution mechanism of water quality parameters of drinking water sources is important for identifying any relationships between CKDu and the drinking water quality. The current study aimed to perform a detailed hydrogeochemical investigation using isotopic and chemical methods on selected groundwater sources in the CKDu-endemic, non-endemic and control areas. TDS, hardness, Mg2+, Na+ and F- are the main parameters that cause water quality deterioration but, their derived mechanism in these three regions are completely different. The excess concentrations of F- and Mg2+ in the CKDu endemic area, low F- and high Mg2+in the CKDu non-endemic sedimentary formation, and either combinations of low F- and low Mg2+, high F- and low Mg2+ or low F- with high Mg2+ in the control area are the distinct features. The primary processes that regulate the evolution of groundwater types in CKDu endemic and control area is the weathering of silicates. Similarly, in the CKDu endemic area, carbonate dissolution and reverse ion exchange are prominent. Cation exchange and evaporite dissolution are more pronounced in the control area. Shallow groundwaters are evapo-concentrated hence it further deteriorates quality when compared to the deep groundwater with non-mixed, non-evaporated, and higher elevation recharge effect (from 100 m altitude) in the CKDu endemic area. Dilution decreases the ion content in the CKDu endemic area while evaporite dissolution further increase it in the control area after the rainy season. Evaporation, and seawater mixing affected the quality of groundwater in the non-endemic sedimentary formation. A statistically significant difference of F- ionic ratio with Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ in the endemic and control areas. Intense rock weathering combined with the desorption added excess F- to the groundwater in the CKDu endemic area while the cation exchange and fluorite dissolution is contributing factor in CKDu control area. All the groundwater samples analyzed have exceeded the moderate hardness threshold. However, prominent Mg hardness proportion together with excess F- in the CKDu endemic area may produce nephrotoxic MgF2 complexes that may trigger renal damage. In contrast, produced NaF complexes in the CKDu control area leads to reduction of F- toxicity in the human body. Therefore, increased levels of magnesium, fluoride and TDS in the shallow groundwater, along with geochemical, hydrogeological and climatic factors, may contribute to the CKDu in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka.

Sea cucumber peptides are small molecular peptides with biological function obtained from fresh sea cucumber as feedstock, which were hydrolyzed by protease, separated ,and purified. As the main product of sea cucumber refinement, it more accurately expresses the nutritional effect of sea cucumber and has a wide range of potential applications. It has been demonstrated that sea cucumber has a certain value-added effect on bone mineral density regulation, but the differences in bone mineral density regulation of extracts from different parts of sea cucumber and the techniques contributing to the efficient isolation of bone sea cucumber peptides have not been reported. Firstly, the aim of this study was to reveal the differences in osteogenic activities of enzymatic peptides from three major parts of sea cucumber: the body wall, the egg protein, and the intestinal protein. Then, the bone-enhancing sea cucumber peptides were isolated based on the characteristics of the dif-ferences in molecular weight distribution, hydrophilicity, and ionisation degree of sea cucumber, and to explore the possible mechanisms of their action. The findings indicated that sea cucumber peptides extracted from three distinct sites exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Upon evaluating the three methods of sea cucumber peptide separation based on molecular weight distribution, hydrophilicity, and ionization, it was observed that the fraction isolated by hydrophobicity and

This study aims to investigate the interfacial tension, emulsion stability, and the impact on oil displacement effectiveness of mixed systems containing nonionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants at different ratios. To achieve this, three different emulsion stability formulations were prepared by mixing betaine and nonionic surfactants in ratios of 1:1, 3:2, and 3:1 respectively. By adjusting the proportions of betaine and nonionic surfactants, variations in interfacial tension and emulsion formation among the three mixed systems were studied to analyze the mechanism of interaction between betaine and nonionic surfactants and evaluate their effects on crude oil displacement and enhanced oil recovery in reservoirs. Subsequently, microscopic and macroscopic oil displacement experiments were conducted on the three mixed systems, along with experiments on emulsion flow resistance. The aim was to verify the oil displacement effectiveness of different mixed systems and further understand their potential applications in reservoirs. By comprehensively analyzing the experimental results, optimal ratios and conditions for the mixed systems were determined. The experimental results indicate that the emulsification system formed by mixing betaine and nonionic surfactants at a ratio of 3:1 achieves molecular synergies through electrostatic interactions and mixed adsorption with betaine, resulting in a compact arrangement of interface membranes and demonstrating a synergistic effect in reducing interfacial tension to an ultra-low value of 10 -4 mN/m. Additionally, as the proportion of betaine surfactant increases, the viscosity of the aqueous phase liquid film increases, the rate of thinning of the liquid film slows down, the rate of water release slows down, and the stability of the emulsion increases. Microscopic oil displacement experiments verified that the three mixed systems increase oil washing efficiency through low interfacial tension and emulsification stripping action, thereby increasing the oil displacement mechanism's coefficient. Emulsion flow resistance experiments demonstrated that as the proportion of betaine surfactant increases, the system exhibits better plugging ability. However, macroscopic oil displacement experiments revealed differences in compatibility between different emulsion stability solutions and rocks with different permeabilities. The mixed system of betaine and nonionic surfactants at a ratio of 3:1 exhibits the best emulsification plugging ability in rocks with a permeability of 109mD, while the 1:1 mixed system performs best in rocks with a permeability of 12mD. This holds significant theoretical and practical significance for reservoir development and enhanced production.

With the continuing development of sequencing technology, genomics has been applied in a variety of biological research areas. In particular, the application of genomics to marine species, which boast a high diversity, promises great scientific and industrial potential. Significant progress has been made in marine genomics especially over the past few years. Consequently, BGI, leveraging its prominent contributions in genomics research, established BGI-Qingdao, an institute specifically aimed at exploring marine genomics. In order to accelerate marine genomics research and related applications, BGI-Qingdao initiated the International Conference on Genomics of the Ocean (ICG-Ocean) to develop international collaborations and establish a focused and coherent global research plan. Last year, the first ICG-Ocean conference was held in Qingdao, China, during which 47 scientists in marine genomics from all over the world reported on their research progress to an audience of about 300 attendees. This year, we would like to build on that success, drafting a report on marine genomics to draw global attention to marine genomics. We summarized the recent progress, proposed future directions, and we would like to enable additional profound insights on marine genomics. Similar to the annual report on plant and fungal research by Kew Gardens, and the White Paper of ethical issues on experimental animals, we hope our first report on marine genomics can provide some useful insights for researchers, funding agencies as well as industry, and that future versions will expand upon the foundation established here in both breadth and depth of knowledge.This report summarizes the recent progress in marine genomics in six parts including: marine microorganisms, marine fungi, marine algae and plants, marine invertebrates, marine vertebrates and genomics-based applications.