Virtual Reality (VR) technology in education has the potential to revolutionize the Indian school education system. This research study investigates the present state of VR adoption, perceived benefits, concerns, and future expectations among both students and educators. The survey-based approach collected responses from 45,000 students and 2,000 educators across a diverse range of schools in India. The findings highlight a mixed current landscape with significant room for expansion in VR utilization. Both students and educators express optimism regarding the benefits of VR, recognizing its capacity to enhance engagement, comprehension, and motivation in the learning process. However, challenges, including budget constraints, the need for training and support, and concerns about student safety, must be addressed to effectively integrate VR into education. Expectations for the future emphasize inclusivity, accessibility, and customized learning experiences. The research underscores the transformative potential of VR in Indian education while emphasizing the necessity of addressing practical challenges for its successful implementation.

Cloud computing is a strong and efficient technology facing some efficiency challenges attributable to its decentralized nature. The emergence of fog computing has subdivided the expansive cloud into numerous smaller units known as "cloudlets." Fog computing is one of the most recent advancements in today’s cloud computing landscape. Each cloudlet is a novel and diminutive architectural element extending the contemporary cloud computing infrastructure. The term "cloudlets" has been integrated with fog computing due to its augmenting impact on the attributes of cloud computing. F fog computing is a significant foundation and an indispensable cloud component. Consequently, this technology holds the potential to address efficiency concerns effectively. As a result, this paper focuses on enhancing the efficiency of the cloud computing environment by fine-tuning the efficiency parameters derived from fog computing. These parameters encompass response time, latency, and network utilization. The proposed solution involves developing a simulation system to minimize task redundancy and increase performance levels in the healthcare environment. The outcomes manifest a substantial improvement in the performance of the suggested system, with a clear increase depending on the three key parameters (response time, network utilization, and latency). Therefore, these findings are encouraging and carry significant implications, promoting the application of the proposed system in the real healthcare environment.

Unlike other SDGs, the SDG4 about quality education is not a goal in itself, but rather a tool to achieve different goals. Universities in this respect play a crucial role in the short-term implementation of SDGs for education, including new approaches and contents. Current academic debates explore the best practices via deductive-theoretical or inductive-experiential methods, yet not always considering the geographical, and therefore cultural and infrastructural factors affecting the success and the failure of such practices. In this paper, we systematize the implementation of SDGs in Italian universities from 2016 to 2019. Eighteen experiences have been collected after a national call by the Italian Network of Sustainable Universities (RUS) aimed at mapping the current landscape of SDG related actions. Results have been analyzed according to two criteria: 1- the educational "container" where the SDGs implementation takes place (from random workshops to dedicated courses); 2- the different organizational scales (from the foundation of a new department to the campaigns by local green teams). With this paper, we do not propose a total refunding or "deus-ex-machina" solutions, disregarding the local factors and the local resources in Italian universities. On the contrary, we draw a map to propose the reuse of an existing structure with adjustments, retrofitting and renewal actions towards holistic and coordinated sustainability efforts. Results show that, within the Italian context, SDGs implementation is still primarily understood as a strategic element for branding and promoting the green image of the Athenaeum. Secondarily, it is seen whether as a separate discipline to be inserted into existing curricula and original teachings or as a conceptual tool for remedying specific societal challenges through random workshops or fieldworks. Conclusions highlight the value of this first Country-wide systematization of the Italian Higher Education Institutions toward SDGs implementation. This exercise avoids individual experiences remaining isolated and self-concluded, and, most importantly, provides comparability and transferability criteria to help similar cases. Further works envisage the recognition of same elements in the broader European traditions, as well as the enhancement of stimuli for a personal and societal transformation generated by the partnership of all those people and institutions engaged in the exciting yet urgent defy of today's societal challenges.

The research field of energy system analysis is dealing with increasingly complex energy systems and their respective challenges. Moreover, the requirement for open science has become a focal point of public interest. Both drivers have triggered the development of a broad range of (open) energy models and frameworks in recent years. However, there are hardly any approaches on how to evaluate these tools in terms of their capabilities to tackle energy system modelling challenges. This paper describes a first step towards a flexible evaluation of software to model energy systems. We propose a qualitative approach as an useful supplementary to existing model fact sheets and transparency checklists. We demonstrate the applicability by evaluating the newly developed “Open Energy Modelling Framework” with respect to existing challenges in energy system modelling. The case study results highlight that challenges related to complexity and scientific standards can be tackled to a large extent while the challenges of model utilization and interdisciplinary modelling are only tackled partially. However, the challenge of uncertainty remains for the most part unaddressed at present. Advantages of the evaluation approach lie in its simplicity, flexibility and transferability to other tools. Disadvantages mostly stem from its qualitative nature. Our analysis reveals that some challenges in the field of energy system modelling cannot be addressed by a software as they are on meta level like model result communication and interdisciplinary modelling.

Data governance has emerged as a critical factor in determining the effectiveness and long-term stability of IT systems in today’s data-driven environment. It encompasses frameworks that guide organizations in managing data collection, storage, processing, usage, and sharing, while ensuring alignment with business objectives, compliance with regulations, and adherence to ethical standards. However, the complexities associated with data governance, particularly in the context of new technological models, pose significant challenges. This systematic review aims to explore the role of data governance in enhancing data quality, system stability, and regulatory compliance. It seeks to identify common issues, effective practices, and strategic implications for implementing data governance frameworks across diverse industries, focusing particularly on small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We conducted a systematic review of 68 eligible studies published between 2014 and 2024, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The review covered a range of study types, including qualitative (60%), quantitative (19%), and mixed-methods (21%) research, to provide a comprehensive understanding of data governance's impact on IT performance. The findings highlight that data governance significantly influences system success by improving data quality, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Although qualitative studies predominantly emphasized in-depth analysis, a moderate representation of empirical validation through quantitative studies was observed. Common challenges identified include data migration issues, resistance to change, and budget constraints, particularly during system upgrades. Effective practices involve aligning data governance with business strategies, employing hybrid models, and regularly updating governance policies to adapt to technological advancements such as AI and big data. This review provides practical recommendations for IT managers and policymakers to enhance data governance frameworks. These include phased implementation approaches, the establishment of data governance committees, and the use of performance metrics to monitor data quality and system resilience. While significant progress has been made, further research is needed to address gaps related to emerging technologies and the unique challenges faced by SMEs in developing regions.

Seafloor mapping is crucial for sustainable Ocean management, but the distribution, drivers and origins of deep-sea biodiversity remain uncharted at global scales. The deep ocean is the largest and least-explored ecosystem on Earth, and the greatest source of unknown lifeforms. This con-tribution is firstly the story of a merge between exploration, science, education and technology for humankind cultural heritage advancement in one of the formally recognized protected areas of the Pacific Ocean. The data herein described are the outcome of a series of underwater surveys fi-nalized during the 2023 Exploration Campaign onboard E/V Nautilus, led by the Ocean Explo-ration Trust within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, which is the largest conservation area established in the U.S. and one of the largest marine protected areas of the world. Our findings provide an advanced approach to scientific research combining the tradi-tional approach of marine sciences to the cultural and social dimension of local traditions, in or-der to empower the indigenous people in the underwater cultural heritage knowledge advance-ment process, aimed at deep-sea biodiversity detection and unexplored seafloor surveying. Be-side the high potential for this human dimension inclusion, the indigenous voices allowed to in-tegrate the mere scientific aspects commonly shared in every at-sea exploration, with the cultural values and practices respected from the local people who traditionally lived in sync with the Ocean for millennia. As a result, this approach allowed to enforce a trust relationship between the science world and some local representatives who joined the exploration onboard, providing an added value to the extant expertise.

Digital marketing adoption in the multinational Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector presents both challenges and opportunities that significantly impact organizational strategies and market competitiveness. This qualitative study explores the complexities surrounding digital marketing adoption through interviews with 45 participants from multinational FMCG companies. The research investigates key barriers such as organizational resistance, technological constraints, and concerns over data privacy and security, while also examining the benefits of enhanced consumer engagement, global market reach, and data-driven decision making. Findings reveal that organizational resistance remains a formidable barrier, driven by senior management's cautious approach to digital transformation and concerns over return on investment (ROI) amidst rapidly evolving digital landscapes. Technological challenges, including outdated systems and limited budgets for technology upgrades, further hinder comprehensive digital integration. Moreover, navigating regulatory frameworks and addressing consumer trust in data privacy emerge as critical considerations for FMCG companies seeking to leverage digital strategies effectively. Conversely, digital marketing adoption offers substantial opportunities. Enhanced consumer engagement through personalized and interactive campaigns allows companies to strengthen brand-consumer relationships and foster loyalty. The global reach facilitated by digital platforms enables multinational FMCG firms to expand market presence, penetrate new markets, and adapt marketing strategies to diverse consumer preferences worldwide. Data-driven decision making emerges as pivotal, leveraging analytics to optimize marketing strategies, measure campaign effectiveness, and anticipate consumer behaviors in real-time. Strategies for overcoming barriers emphasize building internal digital capabilities through training, recruitment, and cross-functional collaboration. Aligning digital strategies with overarching business objectives and integrating digital efforts with traditional marketing channels are crucial for creating cohesive and effective campaigns. Embracing innovation, flexibility, and agility in adapting to technological advancements are essential for maintaining competitiveness and relevance in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. Looking forward, emerging trends such as AI and machine learning integration for predictive analytics, sustainability-focused marketing initiatives, and the evolution towards omnichannel strategies are poised to reshape digital marketing practices in the FMCG sector. By aligning strategies with these trends, FMCG companies can harness digital technologies to drive sustainable growth, enhance market competitiveness, and meet evolving consumer expectations in a digitally-driven global marketplace.

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (data of year 2020), Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide, with large geographical variations occurring between countries and world regions and highest incidence rates in countries that have undergone economic transition. The risk factors for BC include women ageing, genetic mutations, reproductive history, dense breast tissues, personal history of BC or specific non-cancerous breast diseases, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, previous treatment using radiation therapy, and exposure to hormone-like drugs such as diethylstilbestrol (DES). Additional risk factors include being overweight or having obesity after menopause, and taking hormones. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that have an essential role in gene expression and are significantly linked to the tumor development and angiogenesis process in different types of cancer, including BC. In the last years, the knowledge about miRNAs role in BC has significantly improved, and complex interactions among coding and non-coding RNA has been elucidated. In this context, an increasing number of papers had been published regarding the role of miR-125 in BC. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art about this research topic in addition to elaborating on the need to set novel ethical and legal standards for the governance of such innovations in healthcare.

This study comprehensively explores Serbia's Disaster (Risk) Management System, aiming to critically evaluate its inherent strengths and weaknesses. Using descriptive-analytical methods and qualitative interpretation, SWOT analysis was applied to collect data from scientific papers, books, and institutional reports. This study delves deeply into the nuances of Serbia's Disaster Management Framework, revealing a nuanced landscape of strengths, weaknesses, and strategic improvement opportunities. Identified strengths underscore a robust foundation characterized by proficient professionals, state-of-the-art technology, and cohesive teamwork, all pivotal for effective emergency preparedness and response. Conversely, weaknesses underscore pressing imperatives for enhancements in regulatory enforcement, resource allocation, and infrastructure upgrades, presently hampering the framework's efficacy and response readiness. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on disaster risk management and serves as a catalyst for further scholarly inquiry and policy formulation. By mapping out the structure of Serbia’s Disaster (Risk) Management Framework and integrating diverse data sources, the study enriches theoretical models and lays the groundwork for practical policy interventions. Its findings, including precise recommendations for policy reform and strategic improvements, provide valuable insights for policymakers, emergency management experts, and stakeholders seeking to enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities on both national and global scales.

This research aims to explore the adoption and impact of green supply chain practices (GSCP) on sustainable development in Bangladesh. The study seeks to understand the current state of GSCP adoption across various industries, identify key drivers and barriers, assess the perceived benefits and challenges, and evaluate the overall impact on environmental sustainability, economic performance, and social well-being. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews with key stakeholders, document analysis, and literature review to gather data and insights. Interviews were conducted with representatives from government agencies, businesses, civil society organizations, and academia to obtain diverse perspectives on GSCP adoption and its implications for sustainable development in Bangladesh. The findings reveal a mixed scenario of GSCP adoption across different industries in Bangladesh, with sectors such as textiles leading the way. Key drivers of GSCP adoption include regulatory pressures, market forces, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and financial incentives. However, organizations face significant barriers such as high upfront costs, lack of awareness and expertise, regulatory uncertainty, and supply chain complexity. Despite these challenges, GSCP offer various benefits, including environmental sustainability, economic performance, and social well-being. Successful initiatives demonstrate tangible impacts, highlighting the potential of GSCP to contribute to sustainable development. The research is limited by its qualitative nature and focus on selected industries and stakeholders. Future studies could employ quantitative methods and broader sampling to provide a more comprehensive understanding of GSCP adoption and its implications in Bangladesh. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and other stakeholders to promote GSCP adoption and enhance sustainable development in Bangladesh. Strategies for overcoming barriers and maximizing benefits are outlined, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and capacity-building initiatives. GSCP adoption can have positive social implications by promoting ethical labor practices, improving working conditions, and fostering community engagement. By prioritizing sustainability, businesses can contribute to social well-being and inclusive growth. This research contributes to the literature on GSCP adoption and sustainable development in Bangladesh by providing empirical insights and practical recommendations. The study adds to the understanding of the drivers, barriers, benefits, and challenges associated with GSCP adoption, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental, economic, and social considerations in supply chain management.

Animal hoarding is a complex issue that, when discovered, frequently necessitates opening shelter doors to many animals. This is due to hoarders' inability to provide even the most basic welfare standards for their animals, resulting in poor welfare conditions that frequently border on mis-treatment. These people are frequently unaware of their failure to care for their animals, as well as of the harm that they cause to people around them and the environment. They usually don't care for themselves either. The majority of hoarders have difficult histories, and they all need help get-ting back on track. Meanwhile, when the agencies discover the status quo, the animals are usually seized and taken to shelters, where they face a variety of welfare consequences, beginning with confinement in an unknown environment that is associated with additional risks (e.g., infectious diseases, behavioral deterioration, and distress). Furthermore, the targeted shelters are frequently overcrowded and cannot adequately accommodate the large number of animals found in hoard-ers' environments. The One Welfare approach, which is increasingly being used alongside One Health to work at the intersection of human and animal health and welfare, could be adopted to benefit animals while also addressing the poor states of humans. This concept’s depiction of the interconnections between animal welfare, human wellbeing, and the environment can fit with all the components of the animal hoarding phenomenon, including the peculiarities of the hoarding environment as well as those of shelters where animals are often moved. The purpose of this paper is to offer insights into how the One Welfare concept may be critical in tackling all of the interests concerned in these cases and offering solutions.

Amongst the advantages of using Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology at the last-mile level as access technology include an extensive range of 50 km Line of Sight (LOS), 5 to 15 km Non-Line of Sight and few infrastructure installations compared to other wireless broadband access technologies. Despite positive investments in ICT fibre infrastructure by developing countries, including Botswana, servicing end-users is subjected to high prices and service disparities. The alternative, the Wi-Fi hotspot initiative by the Botswana government, falls short as a solution for last-mile connectivity and access. This study used OPNET simulation Modeller 14,5 to investigate whether Botswana’s national broadband project could adopt WiMAX IEEE 802.16e as an access technology. Therefore, using the simulation method, this paper evaluates the WiMAX IEEE 802.16e/m over three subscriber locations in Botswana. The results obtained indicate that the deployment of the WiMAX IEEE 802.16e standard can solve most of the deployment issues and access at the last-mile level. Although the findings suggest that WiMAX IEEE 802.16e is more suitable for high-density areas, it could also solve rural areas’ infrastructure development challenges and provide the required high-speed connectivity access. However, unlike the Wi-Fi initiative, which requires more infrastructure deployment and less on institutional and regulatory frameworks, the deployment of WiMAX IEEE802.16e requires institutional and regulatory standards.

AbstractThe escalating impact of artificial intelligence (AI) has birthed the fascinating technology of deepfakes, capable of meticulously crafting hyper-realistic audio-visual manipulations. Within the realm of healthcare, this technology presents a double-edged sword, brimming with potential for revolutionizing various facets of care delivery while simultaneously harboring significant ethical and practical challenges. This research delves into the complex narrative surrounding AI deepfakes in healthcare, meticulously analyzing both the exciting opportunities they offer, and the inherent risks associated with their implementation.Background:Traditional healthcare practices face limitations in patient engagement, accessibility, and training efficacy. Deepfakes, with their ability to simulate real-world scenarios and interactions, emerge as a potential solution, offering personalized patient education, immersive mental health interventions, remote consultations with virtual avatars, and realistic training simulations for medical professionals.Objective:This research aims to comprehensively understand the multifaceted impact of AI deepfakes in healthcare systems. It seeks to: Identify and analyze the potential benefits of deepfakes in specific healthcare applications. Assess the ethical and practical challenges associated with deepfake implementation in healthcare settings. Propose recommendations for safe, responsible, and ethical integration of deepfakes within the healthcare system.Results/Conclusion:The research findings illuminate a landscape replete with opportunities and challenges. Deepfakes offer the potential to enhance patient education, personalize mental health interventions, facilitate remote consultations, and revolutionize medical training. However, concerns regarding misinformation, ethical breaches, data privacy, and technical limitations pose significant challenges.The conclusion emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that capitalizes on the innovative potential of deepfakes while mitigating potential harm. Collaborative efforts involving healthcare professionals, technologists, and policymakers are crucial for establishing ethical frameworks, ensuring responsible development, and harnessing the positive power of deepfakes to build a future where healthcare benefits from cutting-edge technology while prioritizing patient well-being and ethical principles.

From ancient Mesopotamia, medicinal plants have been important to human health. Their use in Iraq is traced back to early cuneiform tablets and relies on local flora for health advantages. Despite its rich history, Iraq confronts environmental deterioration, socio-political instability, and insufficient research resources that threaten plant sustainability. Modern medicine employs Iraqi and worldwide plants. Illegal business and weak policies hinder resource management. Medical plants, worldwide business, offer Iraq economic promise. Land and water management and value-added product development may boost the economy. The assessment recommends better market analysis and policymaking to promote sustainability and economic growth. Traditional healers, academics, and governments must work together to conserve Iraq's medicinal plant history and improve health. Research and community engagement will preserve these resources by integrating traditional and modern science.

This study investigates the adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in marketing operations, exploring its impact on efficiency, data accuracy, and overall effectiveness. RPA has emerged as a transformative technology, automating routine tasks such as data entry, report generation, and campaign management, which has significantly enhanced operational efficiency within marketing departments. By automating repetitive processes, RPA enables marketing professionals to focus on strategic and creative tasks, resulting in accelerated campaign execution and improved productivity. Additionally, the integration of RPA with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems has led to more accurate and consistent data, providing valuable real-time insights that enhance decision-making and personalization in marketing strategies. Despite these benefits, the study also highlights several challenges associated with RPA adoption. These include concerns about workforce implications, such as job displacement and the need for reskilling, as well as implementation difficulties related to system compatibility and workflow design. Ethical and regulatory considerations, particularly regarding data privacy and compliance, are also critical factors that organizations must address to maintain customer trust and adhere to legal standards. The study further explores the potential of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with RPA to drive future innovations in marketing automation. AI-driven RPA offers advanced capabilities, including predictive modeling and personalized marketing, which promise to enhance the effectiveness of automation strategies. The findings underscore the need for organizations to adopt best practices in RPA implementation and remain adaptable to technological advancements to fully leverage the benefits of automation and maintain a competitive edge in the dynamic marketing landscape.

The integration of supply chain data analytics with marketing strategies has become increasingly critical for organizations seeking to enhance customer insights and competitive advantage in today's dynamic business environment. This qualitative research explores the intersection of these two disciplines, focusing on implementation strategies, benefits, challenges, and future directions. Through semi-structured interviews with industry experts and stakeholders, key themes emerged, highlighting the importance of cross-functional collaboration, technological integration, and robust data governance in achieving effective integration. The study identifies significant benefits, including enhanced customer insights, improved operational efficiencies, and competitive advantage through personalized marketing strategies and optimized supply chain management. However, challenges such as data silos, technological complexities, and regulatory compliance issues pose barriers that require strategic solutions and organizational commitment. Future directions point towards the continued evolution of predictive analytics, AI-driven solutions, and sustainability integration, shaping the future landscape of supply chain management and marketing. Proactive engagement with regulatory frameworks and ethical considerations will be crucial in navigating these challenges and building trust with consumers. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how organizations can leverage data analytics to drive strategic decision-making, enhance customer relationships, and achieve sustainable growth in an increasingly data-driven economy.

This ethnographic study investigates the cross-cultural challenges encountered in global supply chains, focusing on communication barriers, diverse business practices, trust-building, ethical and legal standards, and cultural competence. By embedding within the day-to-day operations of multinational corporations and conducting in-depth interviews with supply chain professionals, the research provides a nuanced understanding of the cultural dynamics that impact global supply chain management. The findings highlight that effective communication goes beyond language proficiency, requiring an understanding of varying communication styles and contextual nuances. Business practices shaped by cultural values such as power distance and uncertainty avoidance necessitate adaptive management strategies that balance local norms with global standards. Trust and relationship-building are critical, particularly in cultures where personal relationships underpin business transactions, demanding long-term investment in relationship-building activities. Ethical and legal standards vary significantly across regions, presenting challenges that require a nuanced approach to global governance. The study underscores the importance of cultural competence as a critical skill for supply chain professionals, enabling them to bridge cultural gaps and foster productive collaborations. Sustainability efforts, entrepreneurship, and innovation are also influenced by cultural factors, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive strategies. Emotional intelligence is identified as essential for managing cross-cultural interactions, with participants demonstrating high emotional intelligence more effectively navigating the emotional and social complexities of cross-cultural communication. The use of technology in managing cross-cultural challenges is acknowledged, but the findings suggest that it must be complemented by cultural competence. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for companies seeking to enhance their cross-cultural effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of cultural competence, communication, and relationship-building in achieving sustainable success in global supply chains.

During the COVID-19 outbreak, most university courses have been offered on online platforms. A sudden shift from face-to-face classroom learning to online formats could influence the learning effectiveness of classes. This study aims to investigate differences in the learning effectiveness of online and face-to-face lecture courses. It also explores factors that impact the effectiveness of online instruction. These factors include interactions among learners, interactions between learners and the instructor, the quality of online platforms, learners’ ability to use devices and follow instructions, and learners’ situational challenges. The study participants were 261 university students at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi in Bangkok, Thailand. All participants were enrolled in at least one lecture course, such as history, humans and the environment, the environment and development, or general philosophy, during the 2019 academic year. A questionnaire was distributed to participants after they completed these courses in May 2020. Paired simple t-test analyses were used to compare the effectiveness of online and face-to-face classes, and a multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors that impact the learning effectiveness of online classes. The results show that online classes are less effective than face-to-face courses. The multiple regression analysis also revealed that the effectiveness of online learning was significantly impacted by learners’ ability to interact with classmates during class, their ability to interact with instructors after the class, the quality of online platforms, and disturbances or distractions in learners’ environments.

Telemedicine has emerged as a transformative tool in modern healthcare, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which catalyzed its rapid expansion. Despite its demonstrated potential in enhancing remote patient monitoring, AI-driven diagnostics, and telepsychiatry, widespread adoption of telemedicine remains constrained by persistent barriers. This review examines the current state of telemedicine, identifying major advancements alongside key challenges that impede its full integration into global healthcare systems. These barriers include the digital divide, regulatory inconsistencies across regions, and patient concerns about data security and the quality of virtual care. Addressing these issues requires a coordinated multi-sectoral approach, emphasizing infrastructure development, regulatory harmonization, patient education, and the incorporation of emerging technologies such as AI, blockchain, and virtual reality. By overcoming these challenges, telemedicine can be established as a cornerstone of equitable, accessible, and patient-centered healthcare worldwide.

The United Nations Global Sustainability Agenda 2030 introduces a transformative framework through its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are designed to achieve equitable, prosperous, and sustainable development globally. Unlike the incremental Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs aim for systemic changes across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, ensuring that no one is left behind. This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of Pakistan's progress towards achieving the SDGs under the UN Global Sustainability Agenda 2030. Specifically, it includes an analysis of the prioritization of SDGs in Pakistan, highlights federal and institutional initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development, and explores the role of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in advancing these goals. Additionally, the paper critically analyzes the SDGs in Pakistan’s annual status report, identifies the key challenges faced by the nation in implementing these goals, and offers recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of SDG implementation. Overall, the focus is primarily on the detailed analysis of the annual status report, the challenges encountered, and strategic recommendations for achieving excellence in SDGs in Pakistan. Purpose: The objectives of this research are to assess how effectively Pakistan has prioritized the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within its national framework, identifying the key areas of focus. This includes exploring the role of key federal institutions and initiatives, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), in advancing the country’s SDGs. Additionally, the study aims to analyze the development and framework of the 17 SDGs in Pakistan by evaluating the country's status report on SDGs implementation. Furthermore, the research will examine the challenges Pakistan faces in achieving significant outcomes on the SDGs and provide actionable recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness and success of these initiatives.

This article explores the multifaceted argument for Scottish independence, emphasizing Scotland's historical context, cultural identity, and the potential benefits of rejoining the European Union (EU). It begins with a historical overview, tracing Scotland's deep roots in independence and its eventual union with England in 1707, which, despite economic benefits, subordinated Scottish interests to those of England. The article argues that Scotland's distinct identity and ongoing desire for autonomy justify a renewed push for independence. Reuniting with Europe is presented as a key advantage, offering Scotland access to the EU's single market, financial support, and a platform for political influence. Additionally, independence would empower Scotland to harness its renewable energy resources, develop tailored economic policies, and uphold its tradition of social justice. However, the article also acknowledges the unique challenges Scotland faces, particularly in formulating citizenship policies amidst the legacy of English imperialism. Ultimately, the article posits that despite these challenges, independence offers Scotland a path to realizing its full potential as a sovereign nation committed to democracy, equality, and cooperation.

Urban environments play a crucial role in shaping the lived experiences of women, yet traditional urban design practices often neglect the diverse needs and identities of women, perpetuating social barriers and gender inequalities. This review paper seeks to explore the existing research on how urban design influences women's social challenges in cities. By synthesizing literature from urban planning, architecture, gender studies, and sociology, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of urban design on women's experiences and opportunities in urban spaces. The review highlights gender disparities in urban design, inclusivity in urban planning, and the need for gender-sensitive approaches to address these disparities. Key scholars, including Susan S. Fainstein, Leslie Kern, Sharon Zukin, Daphne Spain, and Vandana Shiva, have contributed significantly to understanding gender disparities in urban spaces and advocating for more inclusive and equitable urban environments. The discussion emphasizes the importance of community engagement, participatory planning processes, and an intersectional lens in urban design to ensure that women's voices and needs are effectively incorporated into decision-making processes. Future research directions include exploring the role of technology, smart city initiatives, and addressing the impacts of gentrification and urban redevelopment on women's access to housing and resources. By advancing research on gender equity in city planning, we can work towards creating more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable urban environments that benefit all residents.

Postgraduate research is a massive stumbling block to students who had never had an opportunity of exposure to research methods. A study conducted by the researcher (Costa, 2018) revealed challenges in postgraduate supervision—one of these challenges was lack of exposure to research language by students. Qualitative research and its complexities due to a variety of approaches including rigour determination pose a plethora of challenges to novice researchers. This document presents C.O.S.T.A model as a tool suitable for use by academics and students, with a panoramic view of steps to be taken first to understand foundational concepts and the language of research and secondly to make informed choices on the research methods and design strategy options available for the prospective researcher. Conclusions drawn on the reliability of the model are based on empirical evidence of application of the model observed over a period of 12 months, with some students testifying to have passed their research projects satisfactorily at their respective leading universities in South Africa. Secondary research also provides voluminous sources of success of similar research supervision programmes both in South Africa and abroad.

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors (USMs) are actuators that use ultrasonic frequency piezoelectric vibration generated waves to transform electrical energy into rotary or translating motion. USMs are paid more attention because they offer distinct qualities over traditional magnet-coil-based motors, such as miniaturization, great accuracy, speed, non-magnetic nature, silent operation, straightforward construction, broad temperature operations, and adaptability. This review study focuses on the principle of USMs and their classifications, characterization, fabrication methods, applications, and future challenges. Firstly, the classifications of USMs, especially, standing wave, traveling wave, hybrid mode, multi degree of freedom USMs are summarized, and their respective functioning principles are explained. Secondly, the finite element modelling analysis for design and performance predictions, the conventional and nano/micro fabrication methods, and, the various characterization methods are presented. Thirdly, their advantages, such as high accuracy, small size, and silent operation and their benefits over conventional motors for the different specific applications are examined. In addition, the substantial contributions to a variety of tech-nical fields like surgical robots, industrial, aerospace, and biomedical applications are introduced. Finally, their future prospects and challenges in USMs development, with an emphasis on downsizing, increasing efficiency, and new materials are outlined.

This research explores the adoption of advanced analytics in supply chain decision-making, emphasizing its transformative impact on organizational efficiency and strategic advantage. The study investigates the key drivers behind the adoption of advanced analytics, including the growing complexity of data, the need for agility, and the pursuit of competitive advantage and cost reduction. It identifies significant challenges such as data integration difficulties, high implementation costs, and a shortage of skilled professionals, which organizations face when integrating these sophisticated tools. Despite these challenges, the research highlights the substantial benefits of advanced analytics, including enhanced forecasting accuracy, improved supply chain visibility, optimized processes, and cost savings. The findings indicate that while the implementation of advanced analytics varies across different sectors—such as retail, manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare—the overarching themes of improved efficiency and better decision-making are consistently observed. The study also discusses future trends, noting the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain, which promise to further enhance analytics capabilities and accessibility. The successful adoption of advanced analytics relies not only on technological advancements but also on fostering a data-driven organizational culture, investing in continuous learning, and ensuring robust data governance. As supply chain management continues to evolve, advanced analytics will play a crucial role in driving strategic success and maintaining a competitive edge in a complex and dynamic market environment.

To promote a sustainable coffee industry, Davao Oriental has branded its coffee in association with Mt. Hamiguitan. This study evaluated the smallholder coffee farmers’ practices along the Mt. Hamiguitan buffer zone, highlighting women’s roles, and their climate change awareness and adaptation strategies. Fifty-seven purposively selected farmers (28 females, 29 males) were interviewed using a validated semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ARCGIS software, thematic analysis, and descriptive statistics. Most farmers (70%) were old (>51) with over 40 years of experience (51%). Non-participation in farmers’ associations (73.7%) surpassed active membership (26.3%), with only 14% attending training. Most farmers (65%) intercropped 500–600 Robusta coffee trees/ha, with many farms established in the 1980s (36%). Farmers per-formed clearing (82%) and pruning (94%) of their coffee. Women played a vital role, especially during drying and harvesting. Challenges faced by farmers included long distances to buyers (91%), low prices (84%), poor farm-to-market roads (83%), and a lack of buyers (39%). All respondents acknowledged climate change and employed adaptation strategies such as intercropping, pruning, using ipil-ipil for shade, and utilizing nets. Recommendations for fostering sustainable practices while improving livelihoods include joining cooperatives, providing training for enhanced climate change adaptation strategies, and increasing women's participation in coffee production.

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of the frailty syndrome in older patients hospitalized in the geriatric ward depending on the diagnostic criteria used, the feasibility of particular diagnostic scales in hospitalized patients, and their compatibility. Material and methods: Patients admitted to the Department of Geriatrics of Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Bialystok within eight months were included in the study. Four diagnostic scales were used to identify the frailty syndrome: Fried criteria, 7-point Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), 40-item Frailty Index (FI), and FRAIL Scale. The compatibility of the scales was determined using Cohen's Kappa statistics. Results: 416 patients (mean age 81.2 ± 6.91 years, 77.4% women) were included in the study. Depending on the scale, the prevalence of frailty syndrome varied from 26.8% ( FRAIL Scale), 52.3% (Clinical Frailty Scale), and 58.1% (Fried criteria) up to 62.9% (Frailty Index). We observed the highest feasibility for CFS (100%), intermediate for Frailty Index (95.2%), FRAIL Scale (89.7%), and the lowest for Fried scale (79.8%). The highest level of agreement was found between the CFS and Fried scale, with 70.2% consistent ratings (Cohen Kappa 0.49). Conclusions: Patients in the geriatric ward are characterized by a high prevalence of frailty, although it differs depending on the criteria. The Frailty Index found the highest prevalence and the lowest in the case of the FRAIL scale. The feasibility of scales and their comparability differed; the most difficult to use in daily practice was the Fried scale, while the Clinical Frailty Scale was determined feasible in all patients. The highest agreement was observed between the Fried criteria and the Clinical Frailty Scale and the lowest between the FRAIL scale and the remaining ones.

Over recent years, nanocarriers have played an ever-increasing role in clinical and biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties and surface functionalities. Lately, much effort has been directed towards the development of smart, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that are capable of releasing their cargos in response to specific stimulus. These intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be further surface-functionalized so as to achieve active tumor targeting in a sequential manner, which can be simply modulated by the stimuli. By applying this methodological approach, these intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be directed to different target-specific organs, tissues or cells, and exhibit on-demand controlled drug release that may enhance therapeutic effectiveness and reduce systemic toxicity. Light, an external stimulus, is one of the most promising triggers for use in nanomedicine to stimulate on-demand drug release from nanocarriers. Light-triggered drug release can be achieved by light irradiation at different wavelengths, either in UV, visible or even NIR region, depending on the photophysical properties of the photo-responsive molecule embedded in the nanocarrier system, the structural characteristics and material composition of the nanocarrier system. In this review, we highlighted the emerging functional role of light in nanocarriers, with emphasis on light-responsive liposomes and dual-targeted stimuli-responsive liposomes. Moreover, we provided the up-to-date phototriggered targeting strategies and mechanisms of light-triggered drug release from liposomes and NIR-responsive nanocarriers. Lastly, we addressed the current challenges, advances, and future perspectives for the deployment of light-responsive liposomes in targeted drug delivery and therapy.

In the realm of educational technology, Data Analytics (DA) is reshaping teaching and learning. This paper investigates the impact of DA on education, specifically comparing Student Information Systems (SIS) and Learning Management Systems (LMS). Data-driven insights from SIS and LMS platforms enable educators to tailor instructional strategies to individual student needs effectively. While SIS manages student data for administrative tasks, LMS offers tools for content delivery and collaboration. Using the strengths of SIS and LMS, educators can optimise teaching and learning experiences, tracking student progress, and fostering collaboration. The comparison emphasises their distinct roles: SIS manages administrative tasks, while LMS focusses on content delivery and collaboration. Using both systems, educators improve the teaching and learning experience, leveraging DA for continuous improvement. In summary, this paper underscores the transformative role of DA in education, framed within the context of comparing the SIS and LMS functionalities. By examining the intersection of data-driven decision making and educational technology, educators are equipped with the tools and knowledge to harness the power of data for meaningful and impactful teaching and learning.

Abstract: The conundrum of Latin American countries in the green transition unveils new opportunities and old structural problems. There is a clear advantage in the energy grid for Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, coming mainly from hydropower, solar, and wind energy. In 2022, Brazil had the largest solar photovoltaic energy generation capacity in Latin America and the Caribbean, with over 24 gigawatts. Mexico ranked second, with some 9 gigawatts, and Chile ranked third, with a capacity of around 6 gigawatts. The window of opportunity for the industrialized Latin American countries resides chiefly in greening the natural resources industries and agriculture and husbandry, mainly for Brazil and Argentina. Latin America faces the dual challenge of promoting renewable energy and upgrading its value chains while managing the socioeconomic dynamics inherent in its developmental stages. It poses an enormous challenge for Latin American countries because of the phenomenon of "time compression" (Whittaker et al., 2020). Developing country's innovation and technology-intensive segments coexist with informal labor and low-skilled workers. Far from disappearing with economic growth, such coexistence becomes reinforced through an increasingly wide array of temporary and insecure jobs. Time compression condenses different stages of industrial and economic development within the same space and time, directly affecting the indicators related to the reduction of environmental impacts. Instead of locking in one path for this transition, Latin American countries had better not cling to panaceas but consider the threats, the risks, and the need to experiment with multiple paths and solutions simultaneously. However, this change implies the formation of a genuine developmental and environmental coalition guided by rigorous strategic considerations not captured by immediate interests.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of individuals globally, and primary healthcare (PHC) nurses play a critical role in providing mental healthcare services. However, limited research has explored the experiences of PHC nurses in providing mental healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the experiences of PHC nurses in providing mental healthcare services during the pandemic in Durban, South Africa. The aim was to identify the challenges faced by healthcare providers and the potential for innovative approaches to improve access to care. A qualitative, exploratory design guided the study, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve PHC nurses purposively selected. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings from interviews with primary healthcare nurses reveal that the pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, including medication adherence issues, fear and uncertainty among patients, vaccine hesitancy, decreased clinic visits, and the mental and emotional toll on both patients and healthcare workers. PHC nurses adapted their services by increasing outreach efforts, prioritising patient care, and utilising technology and non-governmental organisations’ (NGO) support. Challenges included reduced patient visits, complexities in healthcare provision, and lack of adequate support. Positive changes observed include increased mental health awareness among healthcare professionals and younger generations. Recommendations include implementing outreach and awareness campaigns, providing accurate information about COVID-19 and vaccinations, and promoting cultural sensitivity in mental healthcare provision.

Virtual assistants (VAs) have gained widespread popularity across a wide range of applications, and the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has opened up new possibilities for developing even more sophisticated VAs. However, this integration poses new ethical issues and challenges that must be carefully considered, particularly as these systems are increasingly used in public services: transfer of personal data, decision-making transparency, potential biases, and privacy risks. This paper, an extension of the work presented at IberSPEECH 2022, analyzes the current regulatory framework for AI-based VAs in Europe and delves into ethical issues in depth, examining potential benefits and drawbacks of integrating LLMs with VAs. Based on the analysis, this paper argues that the development and use of VAs powered by LLMs should be guided by a set of ethical principles that prioritize transparency, fairness, and harm prevention. The paper presents specific guidelines for the ethical use and development of this technology, including recommendations for data privacy, bias mitigation, and user control. By implementing these guidelines, the potential benefits of VAs powered by LLMs can be fully realized while minimizing the risks of harm and ensuring that ethical considerations are at the forefront of the development process.

Virtual Reality (VR) technology in education has the potential to revolutionize the Indian school education system. This research study investigates the present state of VR adoption, perceived benefits, concerns, and future expectations among both students and educators. The survey-based approach collected responses from 45,000 students and 2,000 educators across a diverse range of schools in India. The findings highlight a mixed current landscape with significant room for expansion in VR utilization. Both students and educators express optimism regarding the benefits of VR, recognizing its capacity to enhance engagement, comprehension, and motivation in the learning process. However, challenges, including budget constraints, the need for training and support, and concerns about student safety, must be addressed to effectively integrate VR into education. Expectations for the future emphasize inclusivity, accessibility, and customized learning experiences. The research underscores the transformative potential of VR in Indian education while emphasizing the necessity of addressing practical challenges for its successful implementation.

Balanced fear supports human rational decision making and useful behavioral responses. In contrast, overwhelming, persistent, and unbalanced fear can paralyze the individual and result in heightened anxiety, lack of cognitive flexibility, fear-based public compliance and serious mental health issues. Psychobiotics research has established that a healthy microbiome is required for balanced fear and mental health protection via control of fear extinction. The recent Covid-19 pandemic featured daily, persistent, fear-of-a single contagion conditioning on a global scale paired with various behavioral mandates (e.g., lockdowns of the healthy, masks, isolation from environmental microbes and each other) that degraded the human microbiome and isolated us from each other and useful environmental microbes. It also ignored the historic role of secondary bacterial pathobionts, in pandemic deaths. This narrative review examines how institutional promotion of fear-of-a single contagion, lack of balanced risk communication, and appalling disregard of our fundamental nature (as majority-microbial human superorganisms) resulted in problems rather than solutions. This review concludes that government-public health-media promotion of pervasive fear and microbiome-degrading behaviors: 1) increased public compliance, 2) reduced cognitive flexibility, and 3) increased risk of mental health conditions. It further argues that microbiome-first public health should be embraced to ensure that human freedom, rather than paralyzing fear, dominates our future.

Background: The rise of cloud computing has led to the increasing number of organizations that rely on it for various tasks and services, such as education, healthcare, and e-commerce. Unfortunately, many security threats can be caused by the sudden use of cloud platforms. Objective: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these threats and how they can be mitigated. Many companies are moving toward cloud computing to sustain their business growth and provide their employees with the best possible work environment. Results: Due to the rise of cyber security threats and the unprecedented number of breaches of data, small and medium-sized enterprises are also starting to take a huge leap. The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the lives of people all around the world. Conclusion: Due to the seriousness of the situation, the WHO has declared the COVID-19 pandemic a public health emergency. To minimize the spread of the virus, the entire world has started adopting social distancing

It is strongly believed that technology can reap the best only when it can be tamed by all stakeholders. Big data technology has no exception for this and even after a decade of emergence, the technology is still a herculean task and is in nascent stage with respect to applicability for many people. Having understood the gaps in the technology adoption for big data in the contemporary world, the present exploratory research work intended to highlight the possible prospects of big data technologies. It is also advocated as to how the challenges of various fields can be converted as opportunities with the shift in the perspective towards this evolving concept. Examples of apex organizations like (IMF and ITU) and their initiatives of big data technologies with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also cited for a broader outlook. The intervention of the responsible organizations along with the respective governments is also much sought for encouraging the technology adoption across all the sections of the market players.

: Cybersecurity has become a critical area in the digital field in recent years. The expansion of networks has revolutionised the way network structures are organised and managed. However, with increased connectivity and the growing complexity of modern networks, the threat of cyber-attacks has become more intense. As technology continues to advance, it brings both opportunities and challenges. One of the major challenges is the need to secure networks and sensitive data from various malicious activities. Traditional networks have evolved to include Software Defined Network (SDN), which offers a more flexible and programmable framework. Researchers should focus on detecting attacks in SDN because SDN networks are becoming more popular and attractive targets for clients due to their programmability and dynamic nature. The centralised controller, known as the backbone of an SDN, becomes a single point of failure and a potential target for attackers if not properly secured. Researchers need to emphasise the detection of attacks in SDN in order to mitigate these risks. By understanding the potential vulnerabilities and attack methods specific to SDN, researchers can develop effective detection approaches and propose countermeasures. This methodology helps protect the network from potential threats and minimises the impact of successful attacks. Therefore, this survey paper provides a review of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) in Software-Defined Networks (SDN) to provide a thorough understanding of SDN security issues.

The Release of government dataset for public use can potentially strengthen the relationship between the government and its constituents. However, research shows that there are several challenges for open data effectiveness. This paper reviews current determinants and issues associated with the open government data (OGD) procedures. The review concentrates on two ends of the spectrum: First, from the perspective of the preparation by the government, focusing on the organization of traditional governmental datasets and how the recording of the data is administered. Second, from the perspective of the users, focusing on the way in which the data is released to the general public and on human-computer interaction (HCI) issues between end-user and data-consumption interfaces. Following a thorough analysis of these two opposing challenges, the paper proposes approaches to mitigate them. This review and subsequent recommendations contribute and expand current understanding of open government data effectiveness and can lead to public policy changes, development of new procedures and strategies, and ultimately improvements at both ends of the federal open data endeavor.

This review paper delves into the multifaceted aspects of pineapple cultivation, focusing on morphology studies, harvesting challenges, and mechanization efforts. Pineapple, renowned for its commercial value and unique flavor, holds a prominent position in global agriculture, with India alone producing 19.64 lakh tonnes annually. However, the hilly terrains of regions like northeastern India pose significant hurdles to traditional harvesting methods, necessitating innovative solutions. Understanding the morphology of pineapple plants is crucial for optimizing cultivation practices and designing efficient harvesting equipment. Insights from various studies shed light on leaf structure, fruit maturity, and growth patterns, providing valuable information for engineering tailored solutions. Mechanization endeavors, including semi-mechanized harvesting machines and semi-manual harvesters, demonstrate promising results in improving efficiency and reducing labor-intensive practices. Despite challenges such as increased crop losses and operational costs, continued research and development in mechanization hold the key to sustainable pineapple cultivation. This paper underscores the importance of integrating morphology studies and mechanization efforts to address the unique challenges faced by pineapple farmers, particularly in hilly terrains, and highlights the need for ongoing innovation to ensure the long-term sustainability of pineapple cultivation.

Our primary objectives were a) to determine the need for, and the availability of point-of-care testing (POCT) for infectious diseases and b) to recommend point-of-care testing strategies and spatial care paths (SCPs) that enhance public health preparedness in regional districts of Thua Thien Hue Province (TTHP), Central Vietnam, where we conducted field surveys. Medical professionals in 7 community health centers (CHCs), 7 district hospitals (DHs) and 1 provincial hospital (PH) participated. Survey questions (English and Vietnamese) determined the status of diagnostic testing capabilities for infectious diseases and other acute medical challenges in TTHP. Infectious disease testing was limited: 6 of 7 CHCs (86%) lacked infectious disease tests. One CHC (14%, 1/7) had two forms of diagnostic tests available for the detection of Malaria. All CHCs lacked adequate microbiology laboratories. District hospitals had few diagnostic tests for infectious diseases (Tuberculosis, Syphilis), blood culture (29%, 2/7), and pathogen culture (57%, 4/7) available. The PH had broader diagnostic testing capabilities but lacked preparedness for highly infectious disease threats (e.g., Ebola, MERS-CoV, SARS, Zika, and Monkeypox). All sites reported having COVID-19 rapid antigen tests; COVID-19 RT-PCR tests were limited to higher tier hospitals. We conclude that infectious disease diagnostic testing should be improved and POC tests must be supplied near patients’ homes and in primary care settings for the early detection of infected individuals and mitigation of the spread of new COVID-19 variants and other highly infectious diseases.

Background: Cervical cancer prevention in regions with limited access to screening and HPV vaccination necessitates innovative approaches. This study explored the potential of a test-and-treat strategy using mRNA HPV tests to impact cervical cancer prevention in a high-prevalence HIV population. Methods: A cervical screening study was conducted at three South African hospitals involving 710 under-screened, non-pregnant women (25 to 65 years) without known cervical diseases. Cytology, HPV testing, colposcopy, and biopsies were performed concurrently. Histopathologists determined final histological diagnoses based on biopsy and LLETZ histology. mRNA-HPV-genotyping for 3 (16, 18, 45) to 8 (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58) high-risk types was performed on leftover liquid-based cytology material. The preventive potential of the test-and-treat approach was estimated based on published data, reporting the causative HPV types in cervical cancer tissue from South African women. Treatment was provided as needed. Results: HPV positivity rate more than doubled from 3-type (15.2%; 95% CI: 12.6-17.8) to 8-type mRNA (31.5%; 95% CI: 28.8-34.9) combinations, significantly higher among HIV-positive women. CIN3+ prevalence among HIV-positive women (26.4%) was double that of HIV-negative women (12.9%) (p<0.01). The 6-type combination showed the best balance of sensitivity, specificity and treatment group size, and effectiveness to prevent cervical cancer. A 4-type combination (16, 18, 35, 45) could potentially prevent 77.6% (95% CI: 71.2-84.0) of cervical cancer burden by treating 20% and detecting 41.1% of CIN3 cases in the study group. Similarly, a 6-type combination (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45), treating 25% and including 62% of CIN3 cases, might prevent 85% of cervical cancer cases (95% CI: 79.6-90.6) among HIV-positive and negative women. Conclusion: Employing mRNA HPV tests within a test-and-treat approach holds huge promise for targeted cervical cancer prevention in under-screened populations. Testing for mRNA of the 6 highest-risk HPV types in this population and treating them all is projected to effectively prevent progression from CIN3 to invasive cervical cancer while reducing overtreatment in resource-constrained settings.

This paper explores the challenges faced by blue-collared international migrants in adapting to new and unfamiliar climates while pursuing job opportunities, with a focus on poverty alleviation. Drawing on existing research and empirical evidence, the study investigates the trials encountered by these migrants as they navigate climate shocks and assesses the potential impacts on poverty reduction efforts. The findings underscore the significant difficulties blue-collared migrants experience when confronted with abrupt changes in climate conditions, adversely affecting their physical and mental well-being, as well as their employment prospects. The process of adjustment involves not only acclimating to new climate patterns but also navigating cultural nuances and social dynamics, exacerbating stress and feelings of isolation. Consequently, these challenges can perpetuate poverty by disrupting employment stability and limiting opportunities for career advancement. To address these issues, the paper proposes comprehensive support measures, including targeted pre-departure training programs, access to retraining opportunities, and assistance in securing sustainable livelihoods. By prioritizing climate resilience and empowering blue-collared migrants to adapt effectively to new climates, it becomes possible to enhance their livelihood prospects, reduce poverty levels, and foster sustainable development. The paper concludes by highlighting the significance of integrating climate adaptation strategies with poverty alleviation efforts to create a more inclusive and resilient future for blue-collared migrants in their pursuit of sustainable livelihoods.

This article explores the intersection of innovative leadership and climate change, aiming to provide outstanding contributions to the existing body of knowledge in this field. The article identifies the critical role of innovative leadership in driving sustainable solutions and strategies for addressing climate change. It examines the defining characteristics and behaviors of innovative leaders and explores how their transformative leadership approaches can create a positive impact on climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. The article also highlights the importance of fostering innovation within organizations and societies to tackle the complex challenges posed by climate change. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and case studies, this article presents novel insights, theoretical frameworks, and practical implications for policymakers, organizations, and individuals involved in climate change leadership.

The advent of the digital age has introduced unprecedented opportunities for communication and connectivity, but it has also given rise to new forms of harassment, collectively termed cyber harassment. This research article provides an in-depth exploration of cyber harassment, examining its prevalence, the profound impact it has on victims, and potential solutions to mitigate its effects.The study is structured around three primary research objectives. Firstly, it investigates the psychological impact of cyber harassment on victims, highlighting the severe emotional and mental health consequences that can arise from such abuse. Secondly, the article scrutinizes the role of social media platforms in both facilitating and combating cyber harassment, analyzing how these platforms can act as both enablers of harassment and as venues for intervention. Thirdly, the research evaluates the current legal frameworks and responses to cyber harassment, considering their effectiveness and suggesting possible improvements. Recent research findings and diverse methodologies are integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faceted nature of cyber harassment. By addressing these key areas, the article aims to contribute to the development of more effective strategies to prevent and respond to cyber harassment, ultimately fostering a safer online environment.

Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy has become a cornerstone in pharmaceutical research, offering enhanced structural elucidation capabilities for complex molecules. This technique overcomes the limitations of one-dimensional (1D) NMR by providing detailed insights into molecular interactions through the use of advanced spectroscopic methods like COSY, HSQC, and HMBC. In pharmaceutical applications, 2D NMR plays a crucial role in drug characterization, quality control, formulation development, and the structural analysis of natural products. Recent technological advancements such as high-field spectrometers and cryogenic probes have further improved the sensitivity and resolution of 2D NMR, making it indispensable for ensuring drug quality and intellectual property protection. This article delves into the principles and applications of 2D NMR in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting its critical contributions to drug discovery, development, and quality assurance. Additionally, it addresses the future prospects of 2D NMR in areas like metabolomics, structural biology, and the development of new analytical tools. Despite its numerous advantages, 2D NMR presents challenges such as high operational costs, complexity in data analysis, and sensitivity issues when dealing with low-concentration samples. The article concludes by discussing the ongoing advancements in 2D NMR technology and its evolving role in pharmaceutical innovation.

This qualitative research explores the impact of Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) on e-commerce brand reputation, focusing on the strategic imperatives, operational challenges, and economic implications within digital supply chains. Trust emerges as a foundational element in effective SRM practices, facilitating consistent product quality, timely delivery, and consumer trust, thereby enhancing brand credibility and loyalty. Strategic alignment of SRM with organizational goals enables e-commerce brands to leverage supplier capabilities for mutual growth and innovation. Operational challenges such as technological constraints and logistical complexities underscore the importance of digital integration and proactive risk management strategies to optimize SRM effectiveness. Digital technologies, including AI and blockchain, play a transformative role in enhancing transparency, efficiency, and resilience in SRM strategies, enabling e-commerce firms to mitigate risks and capitalize on market opportunities. Emotional intelligence (EI) competencies among supply chain professionals facilitate effective communication, conflict resolution, and sustainable supplier relationships that bolster brand reputation resilience. Economically, effective SRM practices yield cost efficiencies, improved financial performance, and resilience against supply chain disruptions, supporting sustainable growth in competitive digital markets. This study contributes valuable insights for practitioners and scholars aiming to enhance SRM strategies, optimize supplier relationships, and strengthen brand reputation management in e-commerce. By prioritizing trust, strategic alignment, digital innovation, EI competencies, and proactive risk management, e-commerce brands can navigate complexities, capitalize on opportunities, and foster positive brand reputations in the evolving landscape of digital commerce.