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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0441.v1

Identification of a Clade-Specific HLA-C*03:02-Restricted Epitope GY9 Derived from the HIV-1 p17 Matrix Protein

Samuel Kyobe, Savannah Mwesigwa, Gyaviira Nkurunungi, Gaone Retshabile, Moses Egesa, Joel Kabali, Grace P Kisitu, Eric Katagirya, Marion Amujal, Misaki Wayengera, Fred Katabazi, Edgar Kigozi, Fahim Yiga, Busisiwe C Mlotshwa, Lesedi Williams, Hakim Sendagire, Sununguko Wata Mpoloka, Moses L Lutaakome Joloba, Dithan Kiragga, Graeme Mardon, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Neil A Hanchard, Jacqueline L Kyosiimire, David Robinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: HIV control; HLA-C*03:02; Immunoinformatics

Online: 8 October 2023 (09:46:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0203.v1

A literature review of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) indicators in the Construction Industry

Isaac Akomea-Frimpong, Collins Eli Agar, Abdul-Razak Alidu, Maame Yaa Ohenewaa-Ayisi, Benjamin Baah, Samuel Oduro, Michael Owoahene Acheampong, Elvis Adjei Konadu, Emmanuel Maalu, Dramani Arimiyaw, Roksana Jahan Tumpa, Renata Mwinome Kuutiero, Amir Ghanbaripour, Caleb Boadi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Climate change; Construction industry; ESG; Sustainability; Literature review; social diversity

Online: 2 August 2024 (15:51:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2577.v1

Bioaerosol Disinfection by a Cold Plasma Ionizer Coupled with an Electrostatic Precipitator

Wei Yang Samuel Lim, Sian Yang Ow, Sutarlie Laura, Yeong Yuh Lee, Ady Suwardi, Ivan Tan, Wun Chet Davy Cheong, Xian Jun Loh, Xiaodi Su

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: cold plasma ionizer; non-thermal plasma; electrostatic precipitator; porcine respiratory coronavirus; bacteria; bioaerosols; disinfection

Online: 31 July 2024 (11:53:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0220.v1

The PHA4GE SARS-CoV-2 Contextual Data Specification for Open Genomic Epidemiology

Emma J. Griffiths, Ruth E. Timme, Andrew J. Page, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Dan Fornika, Finlay Maguire, Catarina Inês Mendes, Simon H. Tausch, Allison Black, Thomas R. Connor, Gregory H. Tyson, David M. Aanensen, Brian Alcock, Josefina Campos, Alan Christoffels, Anders Gonçalves da Silva, Emma Hodcroft, William W.L. Hsiao, Lee S. Katz, Samuel M. Nicholls, Paul E. Oluniyi, Idowu B. Olawoye, Amogelang R. Raphenya, Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos, Adam A. Witney, Duncan R. MacCannell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: genomics; metadata; SARS-CoV-2; bioinformatics; data standards

Online: 9 August 2020 (15:53:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1704.v1

Antivirals for Yellow Fever: Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Hippeastrum puniceum Bulb Extract with Inhibitory Activity against Wild-Type Yellow Fever Virus and In Silico ADMET Prediction of the Annotated Natural Compounds

Eliza Flores-Souza, Alisson Samuel Portes Caldeira, Carolina Colombelli Pacca Mazaro, Tamiris Vanessa Miguel-de Souza, Thaís M. Acácio, Emerson de Castro Barbosa, Douglas Eduardo Valente Pires, Naiara Clemente Tavares, Carlos Eduardo Calzavara-Silva, Carlos Leomar Zani, Jaquelline Germano de Oliveira, Tania Maria Almeida Alves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: antivirals; wild-type yellow fever virus; Hippeastrum puniceum; natural compound, bioassay-guided fractionation; UHPLC-HRMS/MS; In silico ADMET prediction

Online: 22 July 2024 (11:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0462.v1

Antifungal Synergy: Mechanistic Insights into the R-1-R Peptide and Bidens pilosa Extract as Potent Therapeutics against Candida spp. through Proteomics

Yerly Vargas-Casanova, Claudia Patricia Bravo-Chaucanés, Samuel de la Cámara Fuentes, Raquel Martinez-Lopez, Lucía Monteoliva, Concha Gil, Zuly Jenny Rivera-Monroy, Geison Modesti Costa, Javier Eduardo García Castañeda, Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Bovine lactoferricin peptides; Bidens pilosa; Candida albicans; proteomics; ROS; disfunction mitochondrial; antifungal resistance

Online: 4 July 2024 (15:20:52 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0287.v1

Pediatric Chikungunya-Associated Encephalitis in Itacoatiara, Brazilian Amazon: A Case Report

Samuel Benjamin Aguiar de Oliveira, Bárbara Aparecida Chaves, Maurício Teixeira Lima, Alexandre Vilhena Silva-Neto, Jady Shayenne Mota Cordeiro, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Michele de Souza Bastos, Vanderson de Souza Sampaio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Chikungunya; pediatrics; encephalitis; PRNT; case report

Online: 5 June 2024 (14:48:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0123.v1

Manual Dexterity and Hand Grip Strength Modifications After Application of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation (tSMS) Over the Primary Motor Cortex (M1) in Healthy Subjects: A Triple-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

Víctor Navarro-López, María Carratalá-Tejada, Antonio Oliviero, Diego Fernández Vázquez, Manuel Del-Valle-Gratacós, Samuel Jiménez Jiménez, Francisco Molina-Rueda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Manual Dexterity; Motor Cortex; Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS); Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation (tSMS)

Online: 4 June 2024 (08:20:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1833.v1

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2, IgM and IgG, and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Nairobi, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Agnes Muhonja Otindo, Eric M Ndombi, Martin Theuri, Margaret Muturi, Peris Thamaini, James Ogutu, Lister Onsongo, June K. Madete, Victor Ofula, Samuel Gitau, Gladys Mwangi, Paul Okemo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; hesitancy; IgG; IgM; mistrust; SARS-CoV-2; seroprevalence; vaccination

Online: 23 July 2024 (18:02:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0788.v1

Controlled Lateral Pressure on Cortical Bone Using Blade-Equipped Implants. An Experimental Study in Rabbits

Vitor Ferreira Balan, Mauro Ferri, Eduardo Pires Godoy, Leticia Gabriela Artioli, Daniele Botticelli, Erick Ricardo Silva, Samuel Porfirio Xavier

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: animal study; bone healing; histology; cortical layer; marginal gap

Online: 9 July 2024 (16:20:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1580.v1

Growth, Evapotranspiration, Gas Exchange and Ch a Fluorescence of Ipê‐Rosa Seedlings at Different Levels of Water Replacement

Kalisto Natam Carneiro Silva, Andréa Carvalho da Silva, Daniela Roberta Borella, Samuel Silva Carneiro, Leonardo Martins Moura dos Santos, Matheus Caneles Batista Jorge, Beatriz Feltrin Magosso, Mariana Pizzatto, Adilson Pacheco de Souza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos; photosynthesis; Chl a fluorescence; water sensitivity

Online: 22 August 2024 (12:15:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1768.v1

Implementation of Portable Digital Chest X-Ray Machine for Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria: A Formative Assessment

Aderonke Agbaje, Patrick Dakum, Olugbenga Daniel, Anyaike Chukwuma, Obioma Chijoke-Akaniro, Evaezi Okpokoro, Samuel Akingbesote, Christian Anyomi, Adekola Adekunle, Abiola Alege, Moroof Gbadamosi, Olutunde Babalola, Mensah Charles, Rupert Eneogu, Austin Ihesie, Debby Nongo, Ademola Adelekan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Keywords Tuberculosis; Contact investigations; Portable X-ray machine

Online: 27 May 2024 (14:28:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0082.v1

Challenges of Tuberculosis Screening and Existing Gaps in Contact Investigations in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria

Aderonke Agbaje, Patrick Dakum, Olugbenga Daniel, Anyaike Chukwuma, Obioma Chijoke-Akaniro, Evaezi Okpokoro, Samuel Akingbesote, Christian Anyomi, Adekola Adekunle, Abiola Alege, Moroof Gbadamosi, Olutunde Babalola, Mensah Charles, Rupert Eneogu, Austin Ihesie, Debby Nongo, Ademola Adelekan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Tuberculosis; Contact investigation; Challenges; Existing gaps

Online: 1 May 2024 (16:47:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1123.v1

Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Millet Irrigated with Brackish Water

Geocleber Gomes De Sousa, Francisco Hermeson Rodrigues Costa, José Thomas Machado de Sousa, Murilo De Sousa Almeida, Silas Primola Gomes, Claudivan Feitosa De Lacerda, Thales Vinícius De Araújo Viana, Samuel de Oliveira Santos, Francisco Barroso da Silva Júnior, Fernando Bezerra Lopes, Silvio Carlos Ribeiro Vieira Lima, Alexsandro Oliveira da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Nitrogen; Penissetum glaucum L.; Salinity, Plant nutrition; Photosynthesis

Online: 21 March 2024 (04:28:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0873.v1

Porous Nanostructured Catalysts Based on Silicates and their Surface Functionality: on the Effects of Silica Source and Metal added in Glycerol Valorization

José Vitor C. Carmo, Joabson Nogueira, Gabriela M. Bertoldo, Francisco E. Clemente, Alcineia C. Oliveira, Adriana F. Campos, Gian C.S. Duarte, Samuel Tehuacanero-Cuapa, José Jiménez-Jiménez, Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Nanospheres; Nanostructured zeolite; Silicates; Surface stability; Glycerol

Online: 11 July 2024 (05:16:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1193.v1

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Experiences of Traditional Health Practitioners about Managing Female Urogenital Schistosomiasis: The Case of ILembe District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Aganze Gloire-Aime Mushebenge, Samuel Chima Ugbaja, Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha, Manimani Ghislain Riziki, Tambwe Willy Muzumbukilwa, Mukanda Gedeon Kadima, Ntabaza Ndage, Bakari Salvius Amuri, Kahumba Byanga, Hezekiel M. Kumalo, Manimbulu Nlooto

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Female urogenital schistosomiasis; Traditional health practitioners; Traditional medicine; Management; South Africa; qualitative study

Online: 20 March 2024 (08:24:28 CET)

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Background: Schistosomiasis is the third most important Neglected Tropical Disease, with more than 4 million South Africans being infected. Cases of re-infection with schistosomiasis after being treated using modern medication has opened ways to seeking alternative treatment modalities using medicinal plants. This study aims to explore and understand the way traditional healers diagnose schistosomiasis, the types of traditional medicines they use to treat it in communities with a high prevalence of infection, and to establish whether the unavailability of prescribed anti-schistosomal medicines leads to the use of traditional medicine. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using a questionnaire from December 2022 to March 2023 in the iLembe District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. In-depth individual interviews were carried out among traditional health practitioners (THPs) involved in managing female urogenital schistosomiasis (FUS). Recorded narrative data was transcribed verbatim, read through thoroughly and coded, and analysed using thematic or content analysis Results: Traditional Health Practitioners provide services to many women who did not want to be treated in the mainstream health care system for their FUS. The disease was perceived and understood the same way by most of the respondents, that being caused by use of fresh water. Various plants species, either alone or in combination, were used to manage bilharzia in women. Senecio serratuloides (Asteraceae) and Hypoxis hemerocallidea (Hypoxidaceae) were prominently used by THPs in FUS management. Conclusion: Traditional Health Practitioners are playing a key role in managing bilharzia in women in rural areas of the iLembe District, this study reported that THPs can diagnose schistosomiasis symptoms based on their knowledge and experience. Respondents indicated that modern conventional treatment was readily available and free in public sector healthcare facilities; however, they consulted patients suffering from FUS. Various traditional herbal medicines are reportedly used by THPs to manage bilharzia in women. Further studies are needed to investigate the views and experiences of clients regarding the success of the treatments used and why they seek care from THPs.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0921.v1

Phage Anti-Pycsar Proteins Efficiently Degrade β-Lactam Antibiotics

Pallav Joshi, Stefan Krco, Samuel J Davis, Lachlan Asser, Thomas Brück, Rochelle M Soo, Mikael Bodén, Philip Hugenholtz, Liam A Wilson, Gerhard Schenk, Marc T Morris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Virus; Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL); MBL-fold superfamily; antimicrobial resistance; anti-Pycsar; carbapanemase

Online: 11 July 2024 (04:52:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1270.v1

A Triangulation of Information from Healthcare Workers and Patients about the Concurrent Use of Traditional Medicine and Conventional Prescribed Medicines for Schistosomiasis in iLembe District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Aganze Gloire-Aime Mushebenge, Samuel Chima Ugbaja, Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha, Manimani Ghislain Riziki, Tambwe Willy Muzumbukilwa, Mukanda Gedeon Kadima, Ntabaza Ndage, Bakari Salvius Amuri, Kahumba Byanga, Hezekiel M. Kumalo, Manimbulu Nlooto

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Schistosomiasis; Praziquantel; Conventional Medicine; Traditional Medicine; Healthcare workers; Patients

Online: 21 March 2024 (11:21:55 CET)

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Background Praziquantel is the commonly used conventional treatment recommended for schistosomiasis in the mainstream healthcare system. Although Praziquantel may be free in healthcare facilities, many individuals may resort to the use of traditional medicine. This study aimed to assess perceptions of participants on the availability of Praziquantel and to ascertain whether individuals infected with schistosomiasis used concurrently African traditional medicines with this treatment. Methods A cross–sectional descriptive study, using face-to-face interviews, was conducted from January to April 2023 among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. A review of medical chart records of patients was further carried out to triangulate the information from interviews. Ddescriptive statistics including frequency and percentage were used; categorical data were represented as tables. Chi-squared tests were performed for the association between continuous variables. A p value ≤ 0.05 was estimated as statistically significant. Results Most of HCWs (114/124; 91.9%) reported that Praziquantel was available in healthcare facilities. Majority of HCWs (76/124; 61.3%) did not know whether patients seen by them used concurrently traditional medicine and Praziquantel for schistosomiasis. There was no significant relationship between the availability of Praziquantel and the concurrent use of TM by patients for schistosomiasis (X2 = 3.042, p = 0.551). Patients seen by THPs (8/20, 40%) did not use Praziquantel for schistosomiasis. Those patients (8/15, 53.3%) who crossed from TM to the mainstream healthcare system did not disclose their use of TM to HCWs. Their main reason was that concurrent use of TM and Praziquantel could destroy organs or make Praziquantel not to work properly. None of the medical chart records analysed documented the concurrent use of TM and Praziquantel. Conclusion Most of HCWs were not aware of the concurrent use of TM and Praziquantel by patients for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Patients seen by THPs relied solely on TM for schistosomiasis. Although patients indicated crossing from TM to the mainstream healthcare system, there was no evidence of documented use of TM in medical chart records of patients. Further studies are needed to contribute to the knowledge of medicinal plants used by THPs for schistosomiasis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0241.v1

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Circulating between April-December 2021 in Italy

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Carla Della Ventura, Stefano Menzo, Bianca Bruzzone, Fabio Sagradi, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Alessandro Weisz, Nicola Clementi, Gaetano Brindicci, Ilaria Vicenti, Lolita Sasset, Sara Caucci, Benedetta Corvaro, Silvia Ippoliti, Carla Acciarri, Vanessa De Pace, Leonardo Lanfranchi, Maria Concetta Bellocchi, Giorgio Giurato, Roberto Ferrarese, Antonella Lagioia, Daniela Francisci, Martina Laura Colombo, Samuel Lazzarin, Matilde Ogliastro, Maria Rosa Cappelletti, Marco Iannetta, Francesca Rizzo, Carmen Rita Santoro, Chiara Fraccalvieri, Sophie Testa, Luca Carioti, Teresa Rocco, Annalisa Saracino, Annamaria Cattelan, Massimo Clementi, Loredana Sarmati, Agostino Riva, Spinello Antinori, Gianguglielmo Zehender

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: variants circulation; SARS-CoV-2; Italy; epidemiology

Online: 16 September 2022 (08:07:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0910.v1

Influence of Early Life Factors on the Breast Milk and Fecal Microbiota of Mother-Newborn Dyads

Emmanuel Cervantes-Monroy, Imelda C. Zarzoza-Mendoza, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Sofia Moran-Ramos, Judith Villa-Morales, Blanca López-Contreras, Fairt V. Carmona-Sierra, and Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: mom-newborn dyad; gut microbiota; breast milk, newborn sex, age, nutrition status, delivery mode, early-life microbiota

Online: 11 July 2024 (12:42:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0829.v1

Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Variants Predispose to Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy

Frédéric Gallardo, Pauline Brochet Brochet P, David Goudenège, João Paulo Silva Nunes, Pauline Andrieux, Barbara Maria Ianni, Amanda Farage Frade, Charles Mady, Ronaldo Honorato Barros Santos, Andreia Kuramoto, Samuel Steffen, Antonio Noedir Stolf, Pablo Pomerantzeff, Alfredo Inacio Fiorelli, Edimar Alcides Bocchi, Cristina Wide Pissetti, Bruno Saba, Fabrício Dias, Marcelo Ferraz Sampaio, Fabio Antônio Gaiotto, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Abílio Fragata, Ricardo Costa Fernandes Zaniratto, Sergio Siqueira, Giselle De Lima Peixoto, Fernando Bacal, Paula Buck, Rafael Ribeiro Almeida, Hui Tzu Lin-Wang, André Schmidt, Mario Hiroyuki Hirata, Eduardo Antonio Donadi, Alexandre Costa Pereira, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Martino Martinelli, Michel Naslavsky, Jorge Kalil, Vincent Procaccio, Edecio Cunha-Neto, Christophe Chevillard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: chagas; cardiomyopathy; mitochondria; haplgroups; variants; copy-number

Online: 13 October 2023 (03:03:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0852.v1

MSProfileR: An Open-Source Software for Quality Control of MALDI-TOF Spectra

Refka Ben Hamouda, Bertrand Estellon, Khalil Himet, Aimen Cherif, Hugo Marthinet, Jean-Marie Loreau, Gaetan Texier, Samuel Granjeaud, Lionel ALMERAS

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Software Keywords: R package; quality control; MALDI-TOF MS; arthropod vectors; Github; rstudio; Shiny interface.

Online: 15 February 2024 (12:11:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0285.v1

Inter-rater Variability in the Evaluation of Lung Ultrasound on Videos Acquired from COVID-19 Patients

Joaquin L. Herraiz, Clara Freijo, Jorge Camacho, Mario Muñoz, Ricardo González, Rafael Alonso-Roca, Jorge Álvarez-Troncoso, Luis Matías Beltrán-Romero, Máximo Bernabeu-Wittel, Rafael Blancas, Antonio Calvo-Cebrián, Ricardo Campo-Linares, Jaldún Chehayeb-Morán, Jose Chorda-Ribelles, Samuel García-Rubio, Gonzalo García-de-Casasola, Adriana Gil-Rodrigo, César Henríquez-Camacho, Alba Hernandez-Píriz, Carlos Hernandez-Quiles, Rafael Llamas-Fuentes, Davide Luordo, Raquel Marín-Baselga, María Cristina Martínez-Díaz, María Mateos-González, Manuel Mendez-Bailon, Francisco Miralles-Aguiar, Ramón Nogue, Marta Nogué, Borja Ortiz de Urbina-Antia, Alberto Ángel Oviedo-García, José M. Porcel, Santiago Rodriguez, Diego Aníbal Rodríguez-Serrano, Talía Sainz, Ignacio Manuel Sánchez-Barrancos, Marta Torres-Arrese, Juan Torres-Macho, Ángela Trueba-Vicente, Tomas Villen-Villegas, Juan José Zafra-Sánchez, Yale Tung-Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; interobserver agreement; interrater reliability; lung ultrasound; point-of-care ultrasound; reliability; severe acute respiratory syndrome; ultrasound

Online: 15 November 2022 (09:57:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0536.v1

Mechanistic Insights into the Mutational Landscape of the Main Protease/3CLPro and Its Impact on Long-Term COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Management

Aganze Gloire-Aimé Mushebenge, Samuel Chima Ugbaja, Nonjabulo Ntombikhona Magwaza, Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha, Tambwe Willy Muzumbukilwa, Mukanda Gedeon Kadima, Fave Tata, Mthokosizi Mxumalo, Riziki Ghislain Manimani, Ntabaza Ndage, Bakari Salvius Amuri, Kahumba Byanga, Manimbulu Nlooto, Rene B. Khan, Hezekiel M. Kumalo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease/3CLPro; ; mutations; ; vaccine efficacy; ; Enzymatic activity; therapeutic targeting; Structural alterations; Antiviral therapy; Dimerization interface

Online: 8 July 2024 (03:05:05 CEST)

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The main proteinase (Mpro), or 3CLpro, is a critical enzyme in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lifecycle and is responsible for breaking down and releasing vital functional viral proteins crucial for virus development and transmission. As a catalytically active dimer, its dimerization interface has become an attractive target for antiviral drug development. Recent research has extensively investigated the enzymatic activity of Mpro, focusing on its role in regulating the coronavirus replication complex and its significance in virus maturation and infectivity. Computational investigations have identified four druggable pockets, suggesting potential allosteric sites beyond the substrate-binding region. Empirical validation through site-directed alanine mutagenesis targeted residues in both the active and allosteric regions corroborated these predictions. Structural studies of drug target proteins can inform therapeutic approaches, with metadynamics simulations shedding light on the role of H163 in regulating Mpro function and providing insights into its dynamic equilibrium to the wild-type enzyme. Despite the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 spread, ongoing viral evolution, selective pressures, and continued transmission pose challenges, potentially leading to resistance mutations. Phylogenetic analyses indicated the existence of several resistance variations predating drug introduction to the human population, emphasizing the likelihood of drug spread. Hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry reveals the structural influence of the mutation, while clinical trials on 3CLPro inhibitors underscore the clinical significance of reduced enzymatic activity and offer avenues for future therapeutic exploration. Understanding the implications of 3CLPro mutations holds promise for shaping forthcoming therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. This review delves into factors influencing mutation rates and identifies areas warranting further investigation, providing a comprehensive overview of Mpro mutations, their categorization, and terminology. Moreover, we examined their associations with clinical outcomes, illness severity, unresolved issues, and future research prospects, including their impact on vaccine efficacy and potential therapeutic targeting.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1023.v1

The Cycle 46 Configuration of the HARMONIE-AROME Forecast Model

Emily Gleeson, Ekaterina Kurzeneva, Wim de Rooy, Laura Rontu, Daniel Martín Pérez, Colm Clancy, Karl-Ivar Ivarsson, Bjørg Jenny Engdahl, Sander Tijm, Kristian Pagh Nielsen, Metodija Shapkalijevski, Panu Maalampi, Peter Ukkonen, Yurii Batrak, Marvin Kähnert, Tosca Kettler, Sophie Marie van den Brekel, Michael Adriaens, Natalie Theeeuwes, Bolli Pálmason, Thomas Rieutord, James Fannon, Eoin Whelan, Samuel Viana, Mariken Homleid, Geoffrey Bessardon, Jeanette Onvlee, Patrick Samuelsson, Daniel Santos Munos, Ole Nikolai Vignes

Subject: Physical Sciences, Other Keywords: HARMONIE-AROME; ACCORD; NWP; mesoscale; physical parametrizations

Online: 12 July 2024 (08:31:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1998.v1

Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Sex in Mexico: A Multi-institutional Collaboration

Javier Melchor-Ruan, Luis Santiago Ruiz, Blanca Olivia Murillo-Ortiz, Samuel Rivera Rivera, Yelda A Leal Herrera, David Suarez Garcia, José María Remes-Troche, Peter Grube, Gustavo Martinez Mier, Erika Ruiz-García, Alan Ramos Mayo, Jose Antonio Ruiz Velarde Velasco, Ricardo Gamboa Gutierrez, Karla Gabriela Ordoñez Escalante, Laura Esthela Cisneros-Garza, Pilar Leal Leyte, Jesús Sepúlveda-Delgado, Maria Sarai Gonzalez Huezo, Ricardo Arvizu Castillo, Jorge Urias Rocha, Celia Beatriz Flores de la Torre, Leonardo Manuel Carrillo Mendoza, Juan Manuel Gamez del Castillo, Martín Lajous, Adriana Monge, Daniel Zamora-Valdés

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; cancer epidemiology; sex differences; Mexico

Online: 30 May 2024 (08:14:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0582.v1

Seroconversion and Kinetics of Vibriocidal Antibodies during the First 90 Days of Re-vaccination with Oral Cholera Vaccine in an Endemic Population

Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga, Bernard Phiri, Harriet Ngombe, Mutinta Muchimba, Kalo Musukuma, Suwilanji Silwamba, Natasha Makabilo Laban, Charlie Luchen, Fraser Liswaniso, Kennedy Chibesa, Cynthia Mubanga, Kapambwe Mwape, Michelo Simuyandi, Adam F. Cunningham, David A Sack, Samuel Bosomprah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Vibrio Cholerae; Shanchol Vaccine; Immunogenicity; HIV; Waning; Cholera Priority Areas

Online: 9 February 2024 (11:38:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0512.v1

Evidence On Viral Suppression Supports Scaling-Up Transition To Dolutegravir-Based Regimens In Pediatric Populations In Cameroon: A Multicentre Baseline Assessment For The Cipher-Adola Study

Joseph FOKAM, Yagai Bouba, Rogers Awoh Ajeh, Dominik Tameza Guebiapsi, Suzane Essamba, Albert Franck Zeh Meka, Ebiama Lifanda, Rose Armelle Ada, Yakouba Liman, Nancy Barbara Mbengono, Audrey Raissa Dzaddi Djomo, Suzie Ndiang Tetang, Samuel Martin Sosso, Jocelyne Carmen Babodo, Olivia Francette Ndomo Ambomo, Edith Michele Temgoua, Caroline Medouane, Sabine Ndejo Atsinkou, Justin Leonel Mvogo, Roger Martin Onana, Jean de Dieu Anoubissi, Alice Ketchaji, Alex Durand Nka, Davy-Hyacinthe Anguechia Gouissi, Aude Christelle Ka’e, Nadine Nguendjoung Fainguem, Rachel Simo Kamgaing, Désiré Augustin Komego Takou, Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Marie Atsama Amougou, Julius Nwobegahay, Comfort Vuchas, Anna Nya Nsimen, Bertrand Bille Eyoum, Sandra kenmegne Gatchuessi, Francis Ndongo Ateba, Daniel Kesseng, Serge Clotaire Billong, Daniele Armenia, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Paul Ndombo Koki, Hadja Cherif Hamsatou, Vittorio Colizzi, Alexis Ndjolo, Carlo Federico Perno, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Virological suppression; low level viremia; children, adolescents, and young-adults; DTG-based regimen; elimination of paediatric AIDS; Cameroon.

Online: 5 July 2024 (12:31:56 CEST)

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