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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1761.v1

Design, Implementation and Evaluation of an Innovative Pilot Intervention to Improve the Quality of Life of the Family of Students with Specific Learning Disabilities. A Quantitative Analysis

Nektaria Pedioti, Stavroula Lioliou, Katerina Koutra, Stavros Parlalis, Maria Papadakaki

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: specific learning disabilities; children; parenting; authoritarian; intervention; quality of life; experimental design

Online: 26 September 2023 (11:55:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0162.v1

Outcome at 7 Years of Age of Former Very Preterm Neonates Treated with Repeated Surfactant for Prolonged Respiratory Distress in the Neonatal Period

Jean-Michel Hascoet, Hélène Deforge, Silvia Demoulin, Jean-Charles Picaud, Veronique Zupan, Isabelle Ligi, Francois Moreau, Aurelie Labarre, Patrick Daoud, Laurent Storme, Claude Bonabel, Isabelle Hamon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: extreme prematurity; surfactant; outcome; children; longitudinal study; pulmonary function testing; neurodevelopment; asthma

Online: 5 September 2023 (05:08:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0823.v1

The Influences of Psychomotor Behaviors on Learning Some Swimming Styles (Front Crawl, Backstroke) in 6–9-Year-Old Children

Renato Gabriel Petrea, Cristina-Elena Moraru, Ileana Monica Popovici, Ilie Cătălin Știrbu, Liliana Elisabeta Radu, Marin Chirazi, Cristian Mihail Rus, Alexandru Oprean, Oana Rusu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: children; manual dexterity; body schema; laterality; static balance; buoyancy; swimming; learning process

Online: 12 July 2023 (12:26:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1114.v1

Who Is a Zero Dose Child? Comparing Different Approaches To Define Zero Dose Children and How Their Profile Changes Based on the Definition Through an Analysis of 82 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Chizoba Wonodi, Brooke Amara Farrenkopf

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: zero dose children; sociodemographic profile; indicators; vulnerability; zero dose definition; immunization equity

Online: 15 June 2023 (09:36:36 CEST)

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While there is a coordinated effort around reaching zero dose children and closing existing equity gaps in immunization delivery, it’s important that there is agreement and clarity around how ‘zero dose status’ is defined and what is gained and lost by using different indicators for zero dose status. There are two popular approaches used in research, program design, and advocacy to define zero dose status: one uses a single vaccine to serve as a proxy for zero dose status, while another uses a subset of vaccines to identify children who have missed all routine vaccines. We provide a global analysis utilizing the most recent publicly available DHS and MICS data to compare the number, proportion, and profile of children 12 to 23 months who are ‘penta-zero dose’ (have not received the pentavalent vaccine), ‘truly’ zero dose (have not received the BCG, polio, pentavalent, and measles vaccines), and ‘misclassified’ zero dose children (those who are penta-zero dose but have received at least one other vaccine). Our analysis includes 194,829 observations from 82 low- and middle-income countries. Globally, 14.2% of children are penta-zero dose and 7.5% are truly zero dose, suggesting that 46.5% of penta-zero dose children have had at least one contact with the immunization system. While there are similarities in the profile of children that are penta-zero dose and truly zero dose, there are key differences between the proportion of key characteristics among truly zero dose and misclassified zero dose children, including access to maternal and child health services. By understanding the extent of connection zero dose children may have with the health and immunization system and contrasting it with how much the use of a more feasible definition of zero dose may underestimate the level of vulnerability in the zero dose population, we provide insights that can help immunization programs design strategies that better target the most disadvantaged populations. If the vulnerability profiles of the truly zero dose children are qualitatively different from that of the penta zero dose children, then failing to distinguish the truly zero dose populations, and how to optimally reach them, may lead to the development of misguided or inefficient strategies for vaccinating the most disadvantaged population of children.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0706.v2

Social and Environmental Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Children Under Five Years in Epworth Township, Harare

Sandra Chari, Thokozani Patrick Mbonane, Renay Helouise Van Wyk

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: social determinant; environmental determinants; diarrheal diseases; children; low- and middle-income country

Online: 12 June 2023 (05:16:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0036.v1

COVID-19 in Infants and Children under 2 years – Lung Ultrasound Score Correlated with Biomarkers and Symptoms

Emil Robert Stoicescu, Jovan Lovrenski, Roxana Iacob, Simona Cerbu, Daniela Iacob, Emil Radu Iacob, Septimiu Radu Susa, Ioana Mihaiela Ciuca, Andreea Ciornei-Hoffman, Cristian Oancea, Diana Luminita Manolescu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: lung ultrasound; infants; children; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; multisystem inflammatory syndrome.

Online: 2 December 2022 (02:29:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0206.v1

Evaluation of Baseline Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Is It Possible to Foresee the Prognosis in the First Step?

Benhur Sirvan Cetin, Ayşenur Paç Kısaarslan, Sedanur Tekin, Merve Basol Goksuluk, Ali Baykan, Başak Nur Akyıldız, Yılmaz Seçilmiş, Hakan Poyrazoglu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: COVID-19; multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); risk classification; prognosis

Online: 14 June 2022 (11:12:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0332.v1

Childrens’ Participation in Free School Meals A Qualitative Study Among Pupils, Parents and Teachers

Sandra Mauer, Liv Elin Torheim, Laura Terragni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: school meals; nutrition policies; food preferences; healthy meals; children; norway; qualitative methods

Online: 25 February 2022 (09:53:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0276.v1

Spectrum of Clinical Features and Genetic Profile of Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in Children

Agata Paszkowska, Alicja Mirecka-Rola, Dorota Piekutowska-Abramczuk, Elżbieta Ciara, Łukasz Mazurkiewicz, Katarzyna Bieganowska, Lidia Ziółkowska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: left ventricular noncompaction; cardiomyopathy; heart failure; arrhythmia; conduction disturbances; molecular etiology; children

Online: 10 June 2021 (08:06:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0225.v1

Treatment With a Probiotic Mixture Containing Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis BB12 and Enterococcus Faecium l3 for the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Caterina Anania, Vincenza Patrizia Di Marino, Francesca Olivero, Daniela De Canditiis, Giulia Brindisi, Federico Iannilli, Alessandra Spagnoli, Giovanna De Castro, Anna Maria Zicari, Marzia Duse

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Probiotics; Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB12; Enterococcus faecium L3; children

Online: 8 March 2021 (13:47:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0487.v2

Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

Isabelle Nogueira Leroux, Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira, Fernanda Pollo Paniz, Tatiana Pedron, Fernanda Junqueira Salles, Fábio Ferreira da Silva, Heloisa França Maltez, Bruno Lemos Batista, Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: bio-accessibility; 24-h diet; preschool children; arsenic intake; cadmium intake; lead intake

Online: 6 October 2018 (11:02:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0175.v1

Is There an Association between Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and the Risk of Wheezing among Rural and Urban Preschool Children in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa?

Rodney Mudau, Joyce Shirinde, Kuku Voyi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Environmental tobacco smoke exposure; The risk of wheezing; Poor air quality; Preschool children

Online: 6 March 2024 (04:12:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1756.v1

Malian children core gut mycobiome

Abdourahim Abdillah, Kodio Aly, Stéphane Ranque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Fungal gut community structure; gut mycobiome; core mycobiome; ITS metabarcoding; children; Dogon country

Online: 29 February 2024 (17:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1587.v1

Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation for Children with Common Bile Duct Stones, Especially for Infants: A Literature Review

Katsunori Kouchi, Ayako Takenouchi, Aki Matsuoka, Kiyoaki Yabe, Hiroko Yoshizawa, Chikako Nakata, Jun Fujishiro, Harutoshi Sugiyama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: endoscopic papillary balloon dilation, common bile duct stone, choledocholithiasis, children, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Online: 28 February 2024 (08:48:37 CET)

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Background: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has been employed for the endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDSs), and a high success rate of stone removal has been reported. However, EST is associated with the risk of bleeding, perforation, and sphincter of Oddi function disruption. To avoid these risks, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) is an option for CBDS. Sphincter of Oddi function preservation decreases long-term biliary infection and gallstone recurrence. EPBD may have advantages in children who require a long follow-up. However, there have been few reports on pediatric cases, particularly in infants. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2023, we performed EPBD for four pediatric CBDSs. The patients were aged from 5 months to 8 years; including two infants aged 5 and 6 months. Furthermore, we reviewed the stone removal rate and complications of 545 ESTs performed at high-volume centers and 13 EPBD-reported cases in children with CBDSs. Results: CBDSs of all patients who underwent EPBD in our institution were successfully removed. No bleeding or perforation was noted, and pancreatitis was observed in three patients. In an analysis of 545 ESTs in children, the stone removal rate was high, ranging from 83% to 100% (mean, 96%). The incidence of pancreatitis was 0%–9.6% (mean, 4.4%), and the grade of pancreatitis was almost mild. The bleeding frequency was 1.3%–5.4% (mean, 2.7%). According to the grade of bleeding, seven and four cases were mild (64%) and moderate (36%), respectively, Compared with adult cases who underwent EST, the frequency of pancreatitis and bleeding was almost similar in children.; however once bleeding occur, it has a higher risk of leading to blood transfusion in children. Stone removal by EPBD in children was 100% successful. All complications were pancreatitis, and its frequency was 46% (6/13 patients, including five mild cases and one moderate case), which is higher than that of EST and adult cases who underwent EPBD. In most children with pancreatitis, pancreatic enzyme levels returned to normal within 2–3 days following EPBD, and no severe cases caused by EPBD were reported. Conclusions: CBDS removal by EPBD in children has a high success rate with very low risk of bleeding and perforation. Although pancreatitis frequently occurs, most cases are mild. Sphincter of Oddi function preservation by EPBD is expected to prevent long-term stone recurrence and biliary tract infection, and EPBD is considered an effective method for CBDS removal in children.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0542.v1

Plant-Based Diets in Children: Secular Trends, Associations with Health Outcomes, and a Roadmap for Urgent Practice Recommendations and Research

Małgorzata Agnieszka Desmond, Mary Fewtrell, Jonathan CK Wells

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Keywords: vegetarian; vegan; children; secular trend; bone health; growth; nutrient deficiencies; clinical practice

Online: 9 February 2024 (10:53:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1685.v1

Salt Intake of Children and Adolescents: Influence of Socio- Environmental Factors and School Education

Ewa Malczyk, Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń, Edyta Fatyga, Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: socio-cultural factors 1; school 2; salt intake 3; children 4; adolescents 5

Online: 23 January 2024 (10:54:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1295.v1

Autonomic Function in Obese Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Georgios E. Papadopoulos, Foteini Balomenou, Xenofon M Sakellariou, Christos Tassopoulos, Dimitrios N Nikas, Vasileios Giapros, Theofilos M Kolettis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: obesity; heart rate variability; autonomic nervous system; sympathetic activity; vagal activity; children; adolescents

Online: 17 January 2024 (10:16:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1975.v1

Families Facing Pandemic Modifications of Everyday Life: A Mixed Study on Mothers’ and Children’s Emotional Reactions and Regulation Strategies.

Giulia Carlotta Guerra, Odette Nardozza, Alessandra Frigerio, Maria Concetta Garito, Silvia Ponzetti, Ilenia Passaquindici, Mirco Fasolo, Maria Spinelli, Francesca Lionetti

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; mixed method; family well-being; emotions; coping strategies; mother; children; adolescents

Online: 29 August 2023 (14:15:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1884.v1

Nasal Nitric Oxide in Children: A Review of Current Outreach in Pediatric Respiratory Medicine

Iva Mrkic Kobal, Davor Plavec, Mirjana Turkalj

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: nasal nitric oxide; children; allergic rhinitis; chronic rhinosinusitis; primary ciliary; dyskinesia; cystic fibrosis

Online: 29 August 2023 (03:31:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1850.v1

The Diagnostic Efficacy of and Requirement for Postnatal Ultrasonography Screening for Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Abdulgani Gulyuz, Mehmet Tekin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Children; Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract; Prenatal; Postnatal; Ultrasound screening

Online: 28 August 2023 (10:00:16 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1504.v1

Association of Myocardial Changes and Gene Expression of the NFATC1 and NFATC4 – Calcineurin Signaling Pathway in Children with Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Andrii Kamenshchyk, Margaryta Gonchar, Valentyn Oksenych, Aleksandr Kamyshnyi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: bicuspid aortic valve; children; NFATC1 gene expression; myocardial changes; posterior wall thickness; aorta

Online: 21 July 2023 (10:45:22 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1547.v1

The Multifaceted Syndromic Primary Immunodeficiencies in Children

Khuen Foong Ng, Anu Goenka, Florence Manyika, Jolanta Bernatoniene

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Primary immunodeficiency disorder; genetic syndromes; syndromic children; multisystem disorder; inborn errors of immunity

Online: 21 June 2023 (11:57:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0318.v1

Comparison of Medium-Term Efficacy of Japas Osteotomy and First Metatarsal Osteotomy in the Treatment of Children With Ca-Vovarus Deformity

Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: Keywords: cavovarus foot; First sequence osteotomy; Japas osteotomy of the middle foot; children

Online: 17 March 2023 (07:27:46 CET)

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Background: To compare the clinical efficacy of Japas osteotomy of the middle foot and first metatarsal sequence osteotomy in treating children with cavovarus foot deformity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical effect of cavovarus foot surgery from January 2012 to January 2019. Thirty light and medium cavovarus foot cases underwent osteotomy based on soft tissue release. Among them, 16 cases of 22 feet underwent first metatarsal sequence osteotomy, and 14 cases of 21 feet underwent middle foot Japas osteotomy. Ankle-posterior foot (Wicart) scoring system was used to evaluate the good and good rates of the two surgical methods. X-ray films were taken before and after the last follow-up in a standing weight-bearing position, and Meary Angle, Hibb Angle, and Pitch Angle were measured to compare the clinical efficacy of the two surgical methods in correcting the light and medium-cavovarus foot deformity.Results: (1) All patients were followed up for an average of 30 months. There was no significant difference in Meary, Hibb, and Pitch Angle between first metatarsal osteotomy and middle foot Japas osteotomy before surgery, indicating that the severity of malformation was similar between the two groups. (2) The Meary, Hibb, and Pitch Angle of the last follow-up were compared between the two groups (P>0.05), which showed no statistical significance, indicating that the two surgical methods had similar effects on cavovarus deformity correction. (3) At the most recent follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the percentage of patients who achieved an excellent or good Wicart score; for the first metatarsal osteotomy group, the rate was 87%, and for the Japas osteotomy group was 90%; the Fisher test p>0.05 indicates that the postoperative excellent and good rates of the two treatments are comparable.II (4) Comparison of operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups, P<0.05, showed statistically significant differences, indicating that the first metatarsal osteotomy had obvious advantages over Japas osteotomy operation time and intraoperative blood loss. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in postoperative efficacy between first metatarsal osteotomy and Japas osteotomy for light and medium-cavovarus with the apex of the deformity located at the medial cuneus or navicular cuneiform joint. However, the intraoperative blood loss and operative time of first metatarsal osteotomy are superior to Japas osteotomy of the middle foot, and the trauma to children is less. Therefore, the first metatarsal osteotomy can be considered a surgical procedure.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0084.v2

The CSHQ-DE Questionnaire Uncovers Relevant Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Long COVID-19

Sarah Werner, Claus Doerfel, Richard Biedermann, Michael Lorenz, Marius Rasche, Hans Proquitté, Lars Newman, Daniel Vilser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: long COVID; Post COVID-19 condition; sleep disorders, SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; children

Online: 14 October 2022 (10:13:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0243.v1

Clinical Presentation of Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy and Bradycardia in Three Families Carrying HCN4 Pathogenic Variants

Agata Paszkowska, Dorota Piekutowska-Abramczuk, Elżbieta Ciara, Alicja Mirecka-Rola, Monika Brzezinska, Dorota Wicher, Grażyna Kostrzewa, Jędrzej Sarnecki, Lidia Ziółkowska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: left ventricular noncompaction; cardiomyopathy; sinus bradycardia; HCN4 mutation; late gado-linium enhancement; children

Online: 21 February 2022 (03:16:22 CET)

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Background: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous cardiomyopathy characterized by a two-layered myocardium consisting of compacted and noncompacted segments, prominent ventricular trabeculations, and intertrabecular recesses. Patients with LVNC are at increased risk to develop heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and/or systemic thromboembolic events. Familial forms of primary sinus bradycardia have been attributed to mutations in HCN4. There are very few reports about the association between HCN4 mutations and LVNC. The aim of our study was to characterize the clinical phenotype of families with LVNC and sinus bradycardia caused by mutation of the HCN4 gene. Methods: From March 2008 to July 2021 we prospectively enrolled 6 patients from 4 families with diagnosed isolated LVNC based on the clinical presentation, family history and echocardiographic and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) evidence of LVNC. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was undertaken for evaluation of the molecular basis of the disease in each family. Results: A total of 6 children (median age 11 years) were enrolled and followed prospectively for the median of 12 years. All 6 patients were diagnosed with LVNC by echocardiography and 5 participants additionally by CMR. The presence of LGE was found in 3 children. Sinus bradycardia and dilation of the ascending aorta occurred in 5 studied patients. In 4 patients from 3 families the molecular studies demonstrated the presence of rare heterozygous HCN4 mutations. Conclusion: (1) The HCN4 mutation influences the presence of a complex LVNC phenotype, sinus bradycardia and dilation of the ascending aorta. (2) HCN4 mutation may be associated with the early presentation of clinical symptoms and the severe course of the disease. (3) It is particularly important to assess myocardial fibrosis not only within the ventricles, but also in the atria in patients with LVNC and sinus bradycardia.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0374.v1

An Explainable Machine Learning Approach for COVID-19 Impact on Mood State of Children and Adolescents during the 1st Lockdown in Greece

Charis Ntakolia, Dimitrios Priftis, Mariana Charakopoulou-Travlou, Ioanna Rannou, Konstantina Magklara, Ioanna Giannopoulou, Konstantinos Kotsis, Aspasia Serdari, Emmanouil Tsalamanios, Aliki Grigoriadou, Konstantina Ladopoulou, Iouliani Koullourou, Neda Sadeghi, Georgia O’Callaghan, Argyris Stringaris, Eleni Lazaratou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; children and adolescents; machine learning; post-hoc explainability; model calibration

Online: 22 December 2021 (16:21:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0517.v1

Effects of Neurofeedback in the Working Memory of Children with Learning Disorders: An EEG Power-Spectrum Analysis

Benito Javier Martínez-Briones, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Rolando Jose Biscay-Lirio, Lucero Albarrán-Cárdenas, Juan Silva-Pereyra, Thalía Fernández

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Neurofeedback; Learning Disorders; Working Memory; School-age Children; EEG Power Spectrum; Source Localization

Online: 21 May 2021 (09:53:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci2040079

Promoting Arabic Literacy in Primary Schools in the United Arab Emirates through the Emirati Dialect

Jean Ribeiro Daquila

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: translation; children literacy; fostering reading; Arab countries; MSA or dialect; UAE; primary schools

Online: 22 October 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0250.v1

Associations between Indoor Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Afghanistan: Do SES and Sex Matter?

Juwel Rana, Jalal Uddin, Richard Peltier, Youssef Oulhote

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: socioeconomic status; indoor air pollution; acute respiratory infection; cooking fuel; under-five children

Online: 23 July 2019 (07:45:08 CEST)

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Background: Low-income families often depend on fuels such as wood, coal, and animal dung for cooking. Such solid fuels are highly polluting and are a primary source of indoor air pollutants (IAP). We examined the association between solid fuel use (SFU) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in Afghanistan and the extent to which this association varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on de-identified data from Afghanistan’s first standard Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2015. The sample consists of ever-married mothers with under-five children in the household (n=27,565). We used mixed-effect Poisson regression models with robust error variance accounting for clustering to examine the associations between SFU and ARI among under-five children after adjusting for potential confounders. We also investigated potential effect modification by SES and sex. Additional analyses were conducted using an augmented measure of the exposure to IAP accounting for both SFU and the location of cooking/kitchen (High Exposure, Moderate, and No Exposure). Results: Around 70% of households reported SFU, whereas the prevalence of ARI was 17.6%. The prevalence of ARI was higher in children living in households with SFU compared to children living in households with no SFU (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]= 1.10; 95%CI: 0.98, 1.23). We did not observe any effect modification by SES or child sex. When using the augmented measure of exposure incorporating the kitchen’s location, children highly exposed to IAP had a higher prevalence of ARI compared to unexposed children (aPR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32). SES modified this association with the strongest associations observed among children from the middle wealth quintile. Conclusion: The findings have significant policy implications and suggest that ARI risk in children may be reduced by ensuring clean cookstove as well as clean fuels and acting on the socio-environmental pathways.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Trends and Correlates of Excessive Body Weight in Czech Adolescents in Relation to Family Socioeconomic Status over a 16-Year Study Period (2002–2018)

Erik Sigmund, Petr Badura, Dagmar Sigmundová, Jaroslava Voráčová, Vladimír Jr. Hobza, Jiří Zacpal, Zdenek Hamrik, Jan Pavelka, Zuzana Půžová, Michal Kalman

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: obesity; overweight; socioeconomic status; Health Behaviour of School-aged Children (HBSC) Study; trends

Online: 22 April 2019 (11:50:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0026.v2

Life Perceptions, Problems and Psychological Wellbeing in Preadolescent and Adolescent Patients in Treatment for Leukemia Compared with Healthy Peers

Marta Tremolada, Ilaria Tamara Chiavetta

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: children; adolescents; leukemia; in treatment; healthy peers; life perceptions; psychological wellbeing; reported problems

Online: 4 February 2019 (13:52:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0558.v1

Effect of Road Safety Education on Road Risky Behaviors of Spanish Children and Adolescents: Findings from a National Study

Francisco Alonso, Cristina Esteban, Sergio Useche, Natura Colomer

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: road safety education; RSE; children; adolescents; risky road behaviors; road safety; traffic crashes

Online: 23 November 2018 (09:43:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.2565.v1

Age Factor in Second Language Acquisition and Effective Instructional Methods for K-12 Learners in Vietnam

An Van

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Second Language Acquisition; Critical Period Hypothesis; age; children; adolescents; young learners; older learners ;

Online: 31 October 2024 (14:09:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0851.v1

Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Classification, Recognition and Treatment Principles

Matjaž Kopač

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: acute kidney injury; children; diuretics; urine output; hypervolemia; electrolytes; acid-base balance; kidney perfusion

Online: 11 October 2024 (04:12:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0655.v1

Reconstructing Intersection Conflict Zone: Microsimulation-Based Analysis of Traffic Safety for Pedestrians

Irena Ištoka Otković, Aleksandra Deluka-Tibljaš, Đuro Zečević, Mirjana Šimunović

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: traffic safety; children pedestrians; elderly people pedestrians; conflict zone reconstruction; incoming speed; traffic microsimulation

Online: 10 October 2024 (05:50:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0071.v1

Validation of Greulich and Pyle Atlas for Radiological Bone Age Assessment in Pediatric Population from the Canary Islands

Isidro Miguel Martín Pérez, Sebastián Eustaquio Martín Pérez, Jesús María Vega González, Ruth Molina Suárez, Alfonso Miguel García Hernández, Fidel Rodríguez Hernández, Mario Herrera Perez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: diagnostic imaging; radiography; age determination by skeleton; children; Greulich and Pyle Atlas; Canary Islands

Online: 2 September 2024 (10:49:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1717.v1

Differences in Children and Adolescents with Depression before and after a Remediation Program: An Event Related Potentials Study

Nikolaos C. Zygouris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: children and adolescent depression; cognitive behavioral therapy; event related potentials; remediation depression; P300 latency

Online: 27 May 2024 (09:58:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1807.v1

Pediatric Ocular Health and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Review

Marco Zaffanello, Erika Bonacci, Giorgio Piacentini, Luana Nosetti, Emilio Pedrotti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: children; choroid; cornea; Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; ocular health; ophtalmology; retina; sleep-disordered breathing

Online: 27 September 2023 (02:25:08 CEST)

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Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory condition identified by the partial or complete obstruction of the upper air passages during sleep. These episodes can lead to complications in neurobehavioral and cognitive domains and cardiovascular issues, especially in children. The involvement of OSA in ocular health during adulthood has been reported, but it remains a topic of debate in pediatric cases. Objective: This review aims to analyze the correlation between OSAS and ocular health in children. Specifically, it investigates the effects of OSA on ocular structures and conditions and explores potential improvements through treatment. Subjects and Methods: The research employed three search engines: PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and WebOfScience. After initial identification, 120 irrelevant articles were excluded. Of these, 10 pertained to the adult population, and 110 focused on the pediatric population. Following a careful selection process and the application of enrollment criteria, six relevant articles were included, all in English, focusing on the effects of OSA on children's eyes. Among these, three studies explored correlations with choroidal alterations, while three investigated retinal and optic nerve changes. Two studies analyzed post-otorhinolaryngological intervention ocular changes. Results: OSA leads to increased intraocular pressure and reduced optic nerve thickness in adults, but treatment alleviates this condition. An immediate correlation between OSA and optic nerve thickness in children does not readily emerge, although age appears to play a role. Pediatric patients with OSA exhibit corneal anomalies and an increase in optic nerve thickness, possibly due to intermittent hypoxia. Studies indicate that OSA can influence retinal vascular density in children, with an increase observed after treatment and reduced choroidal thickness in cases of adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Conclusion: This literature review has highlighted how OSA in children can significantly impact ocular health, with observed alterations in the optic nerve, choroid, retina, and cornea. While the direct correlation with the optic nerve may not always be evident, OSA can elevate intraocular pressure and lead to structural changes. However, treatment appears to bring about improvements. The necessity for regular monitoring to detect potential adverse effects underscores the importance of promptly addressing childhood OSA.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0159.v1

The Impact of Reading Modalities and Text Types on Reading in School-Age Children: An Eye-tracking Study

Wi-Jiwoon Kim, Seo Rin Yoon, Seohyun Nam, Yunjin Lee, Dongsun Yim

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: eye-tracking; reading modality; audio-assisted reading; text type; reading comprehension; school-age children

Online: 5 September 2023 (02:26:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0468.v1

Pharmacokinetics of Four Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Adult and Paediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients

Sarah Allegra, Emma Dondi, Francesco Chiara, Silvia De Francia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: dasatinib; imatinib; nilotibin; ponatinib; children; therapeutic drug monitoring; sex and gender pharmacology; personalized medicine.

Online: 7 August 2023 (11:53:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0102.v1

Psychosocial Well-Being and Adaptation in Children and Adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome during Covid-19 Pandemic

Marta Tremolada, Mariaangela Rosa, Roberta Maria Incardona, Livia Taverna, Michele Guidi

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Asperger; Atypically development; Covid19; Children; Adolescents; typically development; Parents; Adaptation; Well-being; Multi-informant

Online: 5 January 2023 (09:19:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0562.v1

Influencing Factors for the Implementation of School-based Interventions Promoting Obesity Prevention Behaviors in Children with Low Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review

Friederike Butscher, Jan Ellinger, Monika Singer, Christoph Mall

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: health equity; implementation; obesity; systematic review; CFIR; qualitative review; school-based interventions; children; facilitators

Online: 30 November 2022 (03:59:34 CET)

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Background: Health inequity (HI) remains a major challenge in public health. Improving the health of children with low socioeconomic status (SES) can help to reduce overall HI in children. Childhood obesity is a global problem, entailing several adverse health effects. It is crucial to assess influencing factors for adoption, implementation and sustainment of interventions. This review aims to identify articles reporting about influencing factors for the implementation of school-based interventions promoting obesity prevention behaviors in children with low SES. It aims to critically appraise the articles’ quality, assess influencing factors, categorize and evaluate them, and to discuss possible implications. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in 7 databases with the following main inclusion criteria: 1) school-based interventions and 2) target group aged 5–14 years. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, its five domains (intervention characteristics, inner setting, outer setting, characteristics of individuals, process) along with 39 constructs within these domains were used to deductively analyze the data. We grouped the articles with regard to the characteristics of the interventions in simple and complex interventions. For each domain, and for the groups of simple and complex interventions, the most commonly reported influencing factors are identified. Results: 6452 articles were screened, and 16 met all eligibility criteria. Included articles applied mixed methods (n=10), qualitative (n=5) and quantitative design (n=1). Of these, five were considered to report simple interventions and eleven were considered to report complex interventions. In total, 295 influencing factors were assessed. Aspects of the inner setting were reported in every study, aspects of the outer setting were the least reported domain, and in the group of simple interventions not reported at all. In the inner setting, most reported influencing factors were time (n=7), scheduling (n=6) and communication (n=6). Conclusion: This review found a wide range of influencing factors for implementation. Most important influencing factors need to be assessed for every setting. Including all stakeholders involved in the implementation process enhances the prioritization of the most important influencing factors for the specific setting. More empirical research and practical guidance are needed to promote obesity prevention behaviors among children with low SES.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0344.v1

Probing the Potential of Community-Based Transportation Facilities: A Case of Community Managed School Van Service in Dhaka City

Anutosh Das, Sharmin Akter, Sumita Roy, Mohammad Shahriyar Parvez

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: community-based transportation; para-transit; school going children; social security; participa-tory rural appraisal

Online: 28 February 2022 (02:57:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0632.v1

Opportunities for and Limits to Cooperation between School and Families in Sustainable Public Food Procurement

Elena Pagliarino, Elena Santanera

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: school catering; sustainable food; public procurement; parents; children; food choices; involvement; Covid-19 pandemic.

Online: 28 June 2021 (09:52:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0737.v1

The Sensor Hub for Detecting the Developmental Characteristics in Reading in Children on a White vs. Coloured Background/Coloured Overlays

Tamara Jakovljević, Milica Janković, Andrej Savić, Ivan Soldatović, Petar Todorovic, Tadeja Jere Jakulin, Gregor Papa, Vanja Ković

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: sensorhub; reading in children; developmental differences; background colours; overlay colours; eeg; ecg; eda; eyetracking

Online: 2 December 2020 (15:34:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0433.v1

MicroRNAs as the Promising Markers of Comorbidities in Childhood Obesity – A Systematic Review

Michał Hutny, Jagoda Hofman, Agnieszka Zachurzok, Paweł Matusik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: miRNAs; Obesity; Children; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Endothelial dysfunction

Online: 16 November 2020 (15:44:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0443.v1

EEG Power Spectrum Correlates of Working Memory in Children with Learning Disorders

Benito Javier Martínez Briones, Thalia Fernandez Harmony, Nicolás Garófalo Gómez, Rolando Jose Biscay Lirio, Jorge Bosch-Bayard

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: learning disorders; working memory; school-age children; EEG power spectral density; source localization; sLORETA

Online: 18 September 2020 (18:54:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0431.v1

Lipid Profile, Lipoprotein Subfractions, and Fluidity of Membranes in Children and Adolescents with Depressive Disorder: Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study

Barbora Katrenčíková, Magdaléna Vaváková, Iveta Waczulíková, Stanislav Oravec, Iveta Garaiova, Zuzana Nagyová, Nataša Hlaváčová, Zdenka Ďuračková, Jana Trebatická

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: depressive disorder; omega-3 fatty acids; lipid profile; fluidity of membrane; children and adolescents

Online: 20 August 2020 (05:48:48 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

A Novel Clinical Research Modality for Enrolling Diverse Participants Using a Diverse Team

Phoebe Lay

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: brain injuries; traumatic brain injury; children; diversity; student-led; participant-focused; recruitment; sample; methods

Online: 7 July 2020 (04:42:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0225.v2

COVID-19: Considerations for Children and Adolescents with Diabetes

Devi Dayal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; children; diabetes; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes; recommendations

Online: 15 May 2020 (04:54:43 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

The Shape of Anterior-Posterior Spinal Curvatures and Body Composition in School-Children

Jacek Wilczyński, Magdalena Lipińska-Stańczak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: body posture defects; the shape of anterior-posterior spinal curvatures; body composition; school-children

Online: 11 April 2020 (05:38:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0331.v1

Psychological Wellbeing in Adolescents with Leukaemia: A Comparative Study with Typical Development Peers

Marta Tremolada, Livia Taverna, Ilaria Tamara Chiavetta, Sabrina Bonichini, Maria Caterina Putti, Alessandra Biffi

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: children; adolescents; leukaemia; in treatment; healthy peers; life perceptions; hope; psychological wellbeing; cognitive problems

Online: 25 December 2019 (03:21:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0567.v1

Thermoforming Non-Developable Surfaces: Challenges in the Parametric Fabrication of Solid Surfaces, the Case of Krion K-Life

Ferran Ventura Blanch, Vishal Shahdadpuri Aswani, Pablo Hernández Vílchez

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Ceramics And Composites Keywords: Krion K-Life 1100; Thermoforming; Digital Fabrication; Parametric Curvature Analysis; Innovative Children’ s Playgrounds

Online: 8 October 2024 (13:26:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1151.v1

“It Is My Responsibility to Escort My Child to School …” Factors Influencing Parental Involvement in Educating Children with Disabilities in Malawi

David John Musendo, Maria Zuurmond, Thomas Nkhonjera, Sarah Polack, Daksha Patel

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: parent or family involvement; children with disabilities; school; parent‐teacher relationships; education; COM‐B model

Online: 15 August 2024 (12:25:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1487.v1

Families’ Views on Accessing and Utilizing Appropriate Newborn Screening Long-Term Follow-up

Stacey Quesada, Lauren Barringer, Marci Sontag, Yvonne Kellar-Guenther

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: newborn screening; long-term follow-up; genetic disorder; parents and caregivers; children with medical complexity

Online: 18 July 2024 (10:22:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1186.v1

Italian Validation of the Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised: Psychometric Properties and Cluster Analysis

Simona Scaini, Silvia Grazioli, Ludovica Giani, Barbara Forresi, Stefano De Francesco, Marcella Caputi

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: attributional styles; depressive symptoms; children and early adolescents; Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised; cluster analysis

Online: 17 May 2024 (15:41:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1806.v1

Exploring the Complex Interplay of Obesity, Allergic Diseases, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing In Children

Chiara Voltan, Francesca Concer, Luca Pecoraro, Angelo Pietrobelli, Giorgio Piacentini, Marco Zaffanello

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: allergy; children; Down Syndrome; inflammation; obesity; obstructive sleep apnoea; Prader-Willi syndrome; sleep-disordered breathing.

Online: 29 March 2024 (09:50:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1025.v1

Early Screening for Long QT Syndrome and Cardiac Anomalies in Infants: A Comprehensive Study

Luana Nosetti, Marco Zaffanello, Carolina Lombardi, Alessandra Gerosa, Giorgio Piacentini, Abramo Michele, Massimo Agosti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: children; congenital heart disease; Electrocardiogram; Infant; long QT syndrome; neonatal screening; sudden infant death syndrome.

Online: 19 February 2024 (08:22:38 CET)

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(1) Background: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) represents unexplained and sudden deaths during the sleep of infants under one year of age, despite thorough investigation. Screening for prolonged QTc or Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) should be conducted on all newborns to reduce the incidence of SIDS. Neonatal electrocardiogram (ECG) could identify congenital heart defects (CHD) early, especially those not detected at birth. Infants with prolonged QT intervals typically undergo genetic analysis for Long QT Syndrome; (2) Methods: The study involved infants aged 20-40 days, born clinically healthy, with initial ECG screening. Infants with prenatal diagnoses or signs/symptoms of CHD identified immediately after birth, as well as those who underwent ECG or echocardiogram for other clinical or historical indications, were excluded from the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0; (3) Results: Of the 42,200 infants involved, 2,245 were enrolled, with 39.9% being males. Subsequently, 164 children (37.8% males) with prolonged QT intervals underwent further diagnostic investigations. Genetic mutations were identified in 11 out of 18 tested children. The most common mutations were LQT1 (54.5%), LQT2 (36.4%), and LQT3 (1 patient). Medications used included propranolol (39.8%), nadolol (22.2%), inderal (11.1%), metoprolol (11.1%), and no treatment (16.7%). The most common abnormalities were focal right bundle branch block (54.5%), left axis deviation (9.2%), and nonspecific ventricular repolarization abnormalities (7.1%). Multiple anomalies were found in 0.47% of children with focal right bundle branch block. Structural abnormalities were associated with specific features in 267 patients (11.9%), primarily isolated patent foramen ovale (PFO) at 61.4%; (4) Conclusions: The screening has proven effective in early diagnosing Long QT Syndrome and other cardiac rhythm anomalies, with additional benefits in detecting mutations and/or QTc prolongations in family members. Identifying other ECG abnormalities and congenital heart malformations further enhances the benefits of the screening.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0757.v2

Effectiveness of Millet-Pulse-Groundnut Based Formulations in Improving the Growth of Pre-school Tribal Children in Telangana State, India

Saikat Datta Mazumdar, Victor Afari-Sefa, Aravazhi Selvaraj, Priyanka Durgalla, Anitha Seetha, Tamilselvi Nedumaran, Divya Nancy, Harshvardhan Mane, Suchiradipta Bhattacharjee, Nedumaran Swamikannu, Anitha Raman, Roopa Banerjee, Jyosthnaa Padmanabhan, Disha Bose

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Nutrition intervention; millets; sorghum; ready-to-eat food; ready-to-cook food; pre-school children

Online: 22 January 2024 (05:49:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0564.v1

Comparative Immune Response after Vaccination with SOBERANA® 02 and SOBERANA® plus Heterologous Scheme and Natural Infection in Young Children

Rocmira Perez-Nicado, Chiara Massa, Laura Rodriguez-Noda, Anja Mueller, Rinaldo Puga-Gomez, Yariset Ricardo-Delgado, Beatriz Paredes-Moreno, Meiby Rodríguez-González, Marylé García-Ferrer, Ilianet Palmero-Álvarez, Aniurka Garcés-Hechavarría, Daniel G. Rivera, Yuri Valdés-Balbín, Vicente Vérez-Bencomo, Dagmar García-Rivera, Barbara Seliger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Vaccine; Children; SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG; Memory T cell

Online: 8 September 2023 (02:55:35 CEST)

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(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection is mostly accompanied by mild COVID-19 symptoms in children. However, the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and long-term sequelae are often severe complications. Therefore, the protection of the pediatric population against SARS-CoV-2 with effective vaccines is particularly important. Here we compare the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited in children (n=15) aged 5-11 years vaccinated with RBD-based vaccines combined in a heterologous scheme of SOBERANA® 02 and SOBERANA® Plus with those from children (n=10) aged 4-11 years who recovered from mild symptomatic COVID-19. (2) Methods: Blood samples were taken 14 days after last dose for vaccinated and 45-60 days after the infection diagnosis for COVID-19 recovered children. Anti-RBD IgG and ACE2-RBD inhibition were assessed by ELISA; IgA, cytokine and cytotoxic related proteins profile were determined by multiplex assays. Total B and T cell subpopulations and IFN-γ release were measured by multiparametric flow cytometry using a large panel of antibodies after in vitro stimulation with S1 peptides. (3) Results: Significant higher levels of specific anti-RBD IgG and IgA and ACE2-RBD inhibition capacity were found in vaccinated children in comparison to COVID-19 recovered children. Th1-like and Th2-like CD4+ T cells were also significantly higher in vaccinated subjects. IFN-γ secretion were higher in central memory CD4+ T cells of COVID-19 recovered children, but no differences between both groups were found in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells effector, terminal and naïve T cell subpopulations. High levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 in contrast to low levels of IL-4 suggesting a predominant Th1 cell polarization. Cytotoxic-related proteins granzyme A and B, perforin and granulin were also found in the supernatant after S1 stimulation in both vaccinated and recovered children. (4) Conclusions: Vaccination with the heterologous scheme of SOBERANA® 02/ SOBERANA® Plus induces strong antibody and cellular immune response compared to natural infections of young children.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0386.v1

A Significant Association Between Type 1 Diabetes and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Meta-Analysis Study

Wei Kian Chua, Yi-Kai Hong, Shu-wei Hu, Hueng-Chuen Fan, Wei-Hsin Ting

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c; Child; Children; Young patients; Pediatrics; Adolescents; Meta-analysis

Online: 4 August 2023 (08:21:09 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0711.v1

Rare Fatal Case of Purpura Fulminans with Acute Kidney Injury, Due to Pneumococcal Sepsis in Children, Associated with Multiorgan Failure

Maria Madalina Merisescu, Gheorghita Jugulete, Pavelescu Carmen, Monica Luminita Luminos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae; purpura fulminans; sepsis; shock; children; Acute Kidney Injury; multiple organ and system failures

Online: 11 July 2023 (10:41:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0017.v1

Bias in Youth with Functional Abdominal Pain (BY-FAP) – A new experimental design to examine cognitive biases for gastrointestinal related stimuli in children and adolescents

Ellen Bjerre-Nielsen, Karen Hansen Kallesøe, Eva Skovslund Nielsen, Tine Bennedsen Gehrt, Lisbeth Frostholm, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Adolescent; children; cognitive bias; functional abdominal pain disorder; functional gastrointestinal disorders; interpretation bias; memory bias

Online: 1 June 2023 (04:16:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1935.v1

Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Results of Stool and Sputum in Children with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia

Yohannes Babo, Bihil Seremolo, Mamush Bogale, Yasin Wabe, Haba Churako, Alemu Bilat, Tamiru Degaga, Ahmed Oumer, Petra Haas, Edine Tiemersma, Degu Jerene

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Simple One-Step (SOS) stool processing method stool; Xpert MTB/RIF (Ultra) assay and children

Online: 26 May 2023 (13:38:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0447.v1

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on School-aged Children’s Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep in Hong Kong: a Cross-sectional Repeated Measures Study

Hung-Kwan So, Gilbert T Chua, Ka-Man Yip, Keith TS Tung, Rosa S Wong, Lobo HT Louie, Winnie WY Tso, Ian Wong, Jason Yam, Mike Kwan, Gary KK Lau, Judy Kong, Wilfred HS Wong, Patrick Ip

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; school closures; school-aged children; physical activity; screen time; sleep; Hong Kong

Online: 29 July 2022 (03:57:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0289.v1

Blood Biomarkers for Triaging Young Adults and Children for a Suspected Stroke: Every Minute Counts

Radhika Kiritsinh Jadav, Reza Mortazavi, Kwang Choon Yee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: stroke; CNS; ischaemic; haemorrhagic; biomarker; panel; young adults; children; triage; specifici-ty; sensitivity; prediction values

Online: 29 April 2022 (07:44:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0867.v1

Missed or Delayed Diagnosis of Heart Disease by the General Pediatrician

Ageliki A Karatza, Sotirios Fouzas, Despoina Gkentzi, Eirini Kostopoulou, Nikoleta Oikonomou, Gabriel Dimitriou, Xenophon Sinopidis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: congenital heart disease; acquired heart disease; children; diagnostic errors; missed diagnosis; delayed diagnosis; primary care pediatrician

Online: 17 March 2024 (16:01:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0878.v1

Insights into Pediatric Sleep Disordered Breathing: Exploring Risk Factors, Surgical Interventions, and Long-Term Neuropsychological Outcomes

Marco Zaffanello, Angelo Pietrobelli, Leonardo Zoccante, Luca Sacchetto, Luana Nosetti, Michele Piazza, Giorgio Piacentini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: adenoidectomy; adenotonsillectomy; breastfeeding; children; obstructive sleep apnea; quality of life; Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire; sleep-disordered breathing

Online: 16 February 2024 (07:41:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0819.v1

Psychiatric Hospitalization for Psychopathological Disorders and Self-Injurious Behaviors in Italian Children and Adolescents during COVID-19

Maria Pontillo, Deny Menghini, Roberto Averna, Milena Labonia, Giulia Lazzaro, Maria Cristina Tata, Stefano Vicari

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; children; adolescents; psychiatric hospitalization; mood disorders; non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors; suicidal ideation

Online: 12 October 2023 (15:43:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1699.v1

Vitamin D Role in Childhood Mite Allergy and Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT)

Claudia Petrarca, Davide Viola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Vitamin D; mite allergy; dermatophagoides; monomeric allergoid; immunotherapy; rhinitis; anti-histamine; Immunoglobulin; IgE; asthma; corticosteroid; children

Online: 24 May 2023 (05:14:28 CEST)

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The post-hoc analysis presented here aimed to address the influence of endogenous vitamin D in the immunological mechanism underlying effective mite allergoid-immunotherapy (AIT). Previously, we have shown that one subpopulation of T regulatory cells results in phenotypically identifiable as functionally potentiated and memory cells in allergic children after 12 months of this immunoactive treatment. Indeed, AIT is the only known treatment able to reshape the detrimental immune response against the allergen into a not noxious one. Besides, VD is widely considered an immunoregulatory molecule endogenously produced and exogenously provided with foods and supplements that might interact with AIT mechanism and affect its outcome. Therefore, a post-hoc analysis of the clinical and immunological data of three different cohorts of allergic patients was performed. One cohort (N=70) was on standard symptoms-controlling pharmacological treatment while the other two (N=60 and N=35, respectively) were treated with AIT for 12 months. Among the first were observed a lower mean endogenous VD level (<22 ng/ml) along with worse symptoms and higher use of medications. Remarkably, the comparison between two sub-cohorts of patients with serum VD above (N=32) or below (N=28) a cut-off value set at mean value (27 ng/ml) revealed that optimal improvement of all clinical and immune parameters was achieved (as expected by effective AIT), irrespective of the VD level. Notably, the third analysis, carried out on one cohort of AIT patients also taking concomitantly VD3 as food supplement (N=19), was distinguished by uppermost overall treatment outcome (amelioration of symptoms, lowest medications requirement, and reduction of total and allergen-specific IgE) as well as the increase of allergen-specific tolerogenic memory T regulatory cells. These findings suggest that endogenous VD level affects allergy severity and allergen immunotherapy effectiveness. Also, VD3 might be investigated as an add-on supplement to get the best out of immunotherapy in VD deficient/insufficient allergic patients. The immunogenic but low-allergenic mite allergoid used as bioactive agent might have contributed to minimize allergic and highlight immunological effects described here.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1148.v1

Implementation of Presession Pairing with Group Contingency for Children of Deaf Adults to Improve Classroom Behavior

Ksenia Anisimova, Su-Je Cho, Kwang-Sun C Blair, Kijung Ryu

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: antecedent-based intervention; function-based intervention; children of deaf adults; pre-session pairing; independent group contingency

Online: 16 May 2023 (10:11:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0455.v1

Estimating the Social Costs of Child Abuse in Residential Care for Children with Disabilities using the Japanese Survey on the Interactions of Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences toward Adulthood

Naruhisa Nakane, Ichiro Wada

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: child maltreatment; child abuse, social costs of child abuse; residential care for children with disabilities; Japan

Online: 24 November 2022 (07:32:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0109.v1

The Place of the Child in Recent Australian Debate about Freedom of Religion and Belief

Renae Barker

Subject: Social Sciences, Law Keywords: freedom of religion; children and religion; church and state; law and religion; right of the child

Online: 7 November 2022 (06:33:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0236.v1

Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 BBIBP-CorV Vaccine in Children 3-12 Years Old

Khaled Greish, Abdulla Alawadhi, Ahmed Jaradat, Amer Almarabheh, Marwa AlMadhi, Jaleela Jawad, Basma Alsaffar, Ejlal Alalawi, Adel Al-Sayyad, Afaf Merza, Batool Alalawi, Donia Qayed, Ahmed Humaidan, Manaf Al-Qahtani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; BBIBP-CorV; children 3-12 years old; the anti-spike; Anti-nucleocapsid; Neutralizing antibody

Online: 16 March 2022 (15:24:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0285.v1

Comparing Measurement Properties of the English EQ-5D-Y Three-Level Version with the Five-Level Version in South Africa

Janine Verstraete, Razia Amien, Des Scott

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Health Related Quality of Life, EQ-5D-Y-3L, EQ-5D-Y-5L, Youth, children, orthopaedic

Online: 20 January 2022 (07:23:51 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0633.v1

Community-Based Household Survey to Identify Disability Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life Following Road Traffic Accidents in Ujjain, India

Aditya Mathur, Love Mehra, Ashish Pathak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Children; adolescents; post-road traffic accidents; EQ-5D-5L; disability burden; health-related quality of life

Online: 26 July 2020 (03:11:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0355.v1

Cognitive Fusion Mediates the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Anxiety and Other Negative Emotions: A Study in a Sample of Spanish Primary-School Students

María García-Gómez, Joan Guerra, Victor M. López-Ramos, José M. Mestre

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: dispositional mindfulness; cognitive defusion; anxiety; mindfulness based on interventions; mental health; experiential avoidance; children and adolescents

Online: 30 October 2019 (10:11:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0235.v1

Biomonitoring of 12 Trace Elements in Blood and Urine of Children by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Galina Veikhman, Nina Zaitseva, Tatyana Ulanova, Elena Stenno, Anna Nedoshitova, Marina Volkova

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Essential and toxic elements, blood, urine, children, ICP-MS, reaction/collision cell (ORS technology), internal standard

Online: 22 April 2019 (11:03:17 CEST)

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The authors determined mass concentrations of 12 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, V, Zn) in blood and urine taken from 100 rural children living in unremarkable condition in the West Ural region of the Russian Federation. We applied inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in conformity with Methodical Guidelines 4.1. 3230-14 (FR.1.31.2014.17064) designed by us and detailed in the paper. The article contains setting parameters for Agilent 7500cx quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer . The authors present grounds for an optimal scheme of samples preparation which helps to eliminate "matrix" effect and explain why it is advisable to use reaction/collision functioning mode as it enables interference overlaps suppression.To prepare whole blood samples for analysis, we used acid dissolution in concentrated nitric acid followed by centrifugation. The arithmetic mean (AM) of element content in blood amounted to 0.34 µg/l (As); 0.39 µg/l (Cd); 6.41 µg/l (Cr); 866.11 µg/l (Сu); 13.73 µg/l (Mn); 5.86 µg/l (Ni); 23.65 µg/l (Pb); 87.43 µg/l (Se); 33.54 µg/l (Sr); 0.04 µg/l (Tl); 0.16 µg/l (V); 4713.48 µg/l (Zn). The validity of the results was confirmed by means of SERONORM ^TM Whole Blood L2 standard samples (Norway). Urine samples were directly analyzed after 1/10 (V/V) dilution with 1% nitric acid solution. The arithmetic mean of element content of urine corresponded to 18.99 µg/l (As); 0.12 µg/l (Cd); 1.91 µg/l (Cr); 13.28 µg/l (Сu); 0.96 µg/l (Mn); 1.84 µg/l (Ni); 0.83 µg/l (Pb); 22.55 µg/l (Se); 239.09 µg/l (Sr); 0.16 µg/l (Tl); 0.68 µg/l (V); 270.56 µg/l (Zn). The validity of the results was confirmed by analyzing the SERONORM ^TM standard urine samples (Norway). Regional differences from levels found in other countries included higher concentrations of Cr, Mn and Ni in blood and lower levels of Se and Zn levels in West Ural children. Urine concentrations of West Ural children showed higher levels of As and Sr.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1740.v1

Malaria Prevention for Pregnant Women and Under-Five Children in 10 Sub-Saharan Africa Countries: Socioeconomic and Temporal Inequality Analysis

Denis Okova, Akim Tafadzwa Lukwa, Robinson Oyando, Paidamoyo Bodzo, Plaxcedes Chiwire, Olufunke A Alaba

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Malaria prevention; Pregnant women; Under-five children; Socioeconomic inequality; Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs); Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTp)

Online: 24 October 2024 (10:05:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1329.v1

The Impact of Parental Depression, Anxiety, and Stress on Adolescents’ Mental Health and Quality of Life: The Moderating Role of Parental Rejection

Eirini Sofrona, Georgios Giannakopoulos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: children and adolescents; parental rejection; parental depression; parental anxiety; parental stress; quality of life; mental health problems

Online: 17 September 2024 (13:41:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1619.v1

Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Clinical Outcome of Atopic Dermatitis in Children

Tena Niseteo, Iva Hojsak, Suzana Ožanić Bulić, Nives Pustišek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: atopic dermatitis; children; omega-3 fatty acids; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)

Online: 22 July 2024 (05:57:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1236.v1

The Improvement of Adaptive Immune Responses towards COVID-19 Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations in Indonesian Children: Exploring Roles of Heterologous Immunity

Theresia Santi, Juandy Jo, Alida Roswita Harahap, Retno Asti Werdhani, Sri Rezeki S. Hadinegoro, Ivo Novita SahBandar, Ari Prayitno, Zakiudin Munasir, Yvan Vandenplas, Badriul Hegar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Children; SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response; Heterologous immunity; Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine

Online: 17 July 2024 (04:12:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1486.v1

Parental Experiences and Perceptions of Using Traditional Medicine and Biomedical Services for Their Children’s Health: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia

Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Alfonsa Liquory Seran, Gregorius Abanit Asa, Christina Yeni Kustanti, Hidayat Arifin, Melkianus Ratu, Ernawati -, Paul Russell Ward

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Traditional treatment; beliefs, knowledge, views, and perceptions of traditional treatment; social influence; parents; children; biomedical services; Indonesia

Online: 23 April 2024 (11:58:02 CEST)

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Traditional Medicine (TM) is a culturally-rooted healthcare practice, and its use, including for treating illnesses among children, has been reported in many countries. Despite the cultural significance of TM in managing children’s illnesses, evidence suggests that child mortality remains high in many settings. This indicates that the sole use of TM within families and communities might act as a barrier to using biomedical services, contributing to avoidable deaths. Globally, Indonesia is in the top 10 countries with the highest child mortality rates. In addition, Belu is a district in East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia that exhibits a high number of child deaths within the last three years. However, the use of TM for the treatment of illnesses among children in Indonesia has received minimal academic attention. This study aimed to understand parental beliefs, knowledge, views, and perceptions of TM and the impact on the use of TM and biomedical services in the treatment of illnesses among their children in Belu district, Indonesia. The participants (n=25) were parents with the real-life experiences of using TM for treating their children’s illnesses. They were recruited using the snowballing sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth qualitative interviews. A thematic data analysis was performed and guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings were grouped into four main themes: (i) parental beliefs, knowledge, views, and perceptions of TM, (ii) the influence of these factors on parental use of TM and biomedical services for the treatment of children’s illnesses, (iii) social and cultural influences on the use of TM and biomedical services among their children, and (iv) the impact of the sole use of TM or late medical diagnosis on the health condition and the death of children. The findings show that the use of TM is a common practice within families and communities in Belu, however evidence suggests that child mortality remains high in the setting, indicating less effectiveness of the sole use of TM. Thus, there is a need for the development of collaborative models of healthcare programs and service delivery fostering mutual respect and understanding between traditional healers and healthcare professionals, which could significantly contribute to improving parental use of biomedical services for the treatment of their children’s illnesses.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2077.v1

A Study on the Experiences of Teachers in Inclusive Education, Educating Children With Disabilities From Multicultural Families in Korea

Keoungyeol Kim

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: multicultural families; social welfare; special education teachers and instructors; social welfare for multicultural individuals; children with disabilities

Online: 29 June 2023 (09:42:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0463.v1

“So, We Can’t Play”. Limitations To Play at School in Periods of Educational Transition

Pablo Rupin, Carla Muñoz, Daniela Jadue

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Early childhood education; play and learning; educational transitions; educational setting; research with children; visual methodologies; qualitative research

Online: 27 February 2023 (09:03:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0674.v1

Peer Presence Effect on Numeracy and Literacy in 4th Graders: When Working With a Schoolmate Makes Children More Adult-Like

Leslie Tricoche, Elisabetta Monfardini, Amélie J. Reynaud, Justine Epinat-Duclos, Denis Pélisson, Jérôme Prado, Martine Meunier

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: social facilitation; social presence; peer presence; children; literacy; numeracy; reaction times distribution; ex-Gaussian model; diffusion model

Online: 28 June 2021 (15:03:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0710.v1

Gut Microbiota Influences Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Susceptibility

Aly Kodio, Drissa Coulibaly, Safiatou Doumbo, Salimata Konaté, Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné, Lamine Tall, Ahmed Konaté, Boureima Guindo, Coralie L’ollivier, Anthony Levasseur, Fadi Bittar, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Raoult Didier, Mahamadou A. Thera, Stéphane Ranque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Gut microbiota; Mycobiota; Bacteria; Fungi; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; 16S metagenomics; ITS metagenomics; Children; Cohort; Mali; Dogon country

Online: 31 May 2021 (08:25:57 CEST)

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The gut microbiota has recently been associated with susceptibility/resistance to malaria in animal models and humans, yet the impact of the gut microbiota on the risk of a malaria attack remains to be assessed. This study aims at assessing the influence of the gut microbiota on malaria attacks and Plasmodium parasitæmia in children living in a malaria-endemic area in Mali. Three hundred healthy children were included in a 16-months cohort study in Bandiagara. Their gut bacteria and fungi community structures were characterised via 16S and ITS metabarcoding from stool samples collected at inclusion. Clinician team monitored the occurrence of malaria attacks. Asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium was assessed by qPCR. Over the 16-month period, 107 (36%) children experienced at least one occurrence of malaria attacks, and 82 (27%) at least one asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitæmia episode. A higher gut bacteria richness was independently associated with susceptibility to asymptomatic parasitæmia episodes and malaria attacks; while the Shannon H diversity and Chao-1 richness index of gut fungi community structure was relatively homogeneous in children who were and were not infected with P. falciparum. Using a linear discriminant effect size analysis of operational taxonomic units assigned to the species level, 17 bacteria, including Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Senegalimassilia sp., Atopobiaceae and Lachnosipraceae, and seven fungi, including Dioszegia fristigensis, Ogataea polymorpha and Cutaneotrichosporon cyanovorans, were associated with susceptibility; whereas eight bacteria, including, Bifidobacterium spp., Weissela confusa and Peptostreptococcacea, and 3 fungi, Malassezia sp., Niesslia exosporoides, and Didymocrea leucaenae, were associated with resistance to malaria. Moreover, 15 bacteria, including Coproccus eutactus, Terrisporobacter petrolearius, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Ruminococcaceae, and 13 fungi, including Wallemia mellicola, were associated with susceptibility, whereas 19 bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcacea, and Lactobacillus ruminis, and three fungi, including Cryptococcus neoformans, were associated with resistance to asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitæmia episodes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings that point the way towards strategies aiming to reduce the risk of malaria by modulating gut microbiota components in at-risk populations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0442.v1

The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

Tamara Jakovljević, Milica M. Janković, Andrej M. Savić, Ivan Soldatović, Gordana Čolić, Tadeja Jere Jakulin, Gregor Papa, Vanja Ković

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: dyslexia; reading; children; background colour; overlay colour; text colour; sensors; physiological parameters; EEG; ECG; EDA; eye tracking

Online: 17 March 2021 (14:31:47 CET)

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Reading is one of the essential processes during the maturation of an individual. It is estimated that 5-10% of school-age children are affected by dyslexia, the reading disorder characterised by difficulties in the accuracy or fluency of word recognition. There are many studies which have reported that colour overlays and background could improve the reading process, especially in children with reading disorders. As dyslexia has neurobiological origins, the aim of the present research was to understand the relationship between physiological parameters and colour modifications in the text and background during reading in children with and without dyslexia. We have measured differences in electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activities (EDA), and eye movement of the 36 school-age children (18 with dyslexia and 18 of control group) during the reading performance in 13 combinations of background and overlay colours during the reading task. Our findings showed that the dyslexic children have longer reading duration, fixation count, fixation duration average, fixation duration total, and longer saccade count, saccade duration total, and saccade duration average while reading on white and coloured background/overlay. It was found that the turquoise, turquoise O, and yellow colours are beneficial for dyslexic readers, as they achieved the shortest time duration during the reading tasks when these colours were used. Also, dyslexic children have higher values of beta and the whole range of EEG while reading in particular colour (purple), as well as increasing theta range while reading on the purple overlay colour. We have observed no significant differences between HRV parameters on white colour, except for single colours (purple, turquoise overlay and yellow overlay) where the control group showed higher values for Mean HR, while dyslexic children scored higher with Mean RR. Regarding EDA measure we have found systematically lower values in children with dyslexia in comparison to the control group. Based on present results we can conclude that both colours (warm and cold background/overlays) are beneficial for both groups of readers and all sensor modalities could be used to better understand the neurophysiological origins in dyslexic children.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0111.v1

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Effects on Physical and Mental Health of Slovak School Children

Ludmila Sevcikova, Jana Babjakova, Jana Jurkovicova, Martin Samohyl, Zuzana Stefanikova, Erika Machacova, Diana Vondrova, Etela Janekova, Katarina Hirosova, Alexandra Filova, Michael Weitzman, Lubica Argalasova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS); Slovak school children; mental health; physical health; Columbia Impairment Scale; Behavioral Problem Index

Online: 7 May 2018 (09:23:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1508.v1

Risks and Benefits of Face Masks in Children

Kai Kisielinski, Claudia Steigleder-Schweiger, Susanne Wagner, Stephan Korupp, Stefan Hockertz, Oliver Hirsch

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Children; masks; N95; surgical mask; risk; adverse effects; long-term adverse effects; health risk assessment; toxicity; MIES syndrome

Online: 19 September 2024 (20:18:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0754.v1

Hands-On Gardening in Childcare Centers to Advance Pre-school-Age Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Liking in Semi-Arid Climate Zone

Muntazar Monsur, Mohaimen Mansur, Nazia Afrin Trina, Nilda Cosco

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: gardening; childcare; fruit and vegetable (FV) liking; FV knowledge; preschool-aged children or preschoolers; obesity; semi-arid climate

Online: 10 September 2024 (17:08:46 CEST)

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Hands-on gardening is linked with healthy eating behaviors, increased outdoor activities, and overall well-being. Although these positive associations are widely established for adults and school-agers, little evidence can be found on how such relationships may extend to early childhood, especially in the preschool years (3-5 years). One recent study conducted in North Carolina (NC) showed that participating in hands-on gardening significantly increased preschoolers’ accurate identification of fruits and vegetables (FV) and FV consumption compared to children who did not participate in hands-on gardening, but no association was found between participation in hands-on gardening and children’s liking (eating preferences) of FV. FV identification and liking during the early years may lead to lifelong healthy eating behaviors and preferences, making hands-on gardening a critical health intervention in early childhood environments, especially in childcare centers where a majority of the 13 million children in the United States between the ages of 0 and 5 spend most of their waking hours. This research aimed to investigate how hands-on gardening in childcare centers may impact preschoolers’ (3-5 years old) FV knowledge (identification) and liking in a semi-arid climate zone with a high concentration of Hispanic families by conducting experimental research with eight childcare centers and one hundred forty-nine children (n=149) in Lubbock County located in West Texas. Findings showed changes in average liking scores are generally positive in the experiment group of children who participated in hands-on gardening (compared to the control non-gardening group), implying improved liking. The findings indicate that the benefits of hands-on gardening in childcare centers for enhancing healthy eating preferences are evident even in a semi-arid climate zone, where high temperatures and limited rainfall present significant gardening challenges. This research underscores the importance of integrating hands-on gardening into childcare programs, highlighting its potential as an effective obesity prevention strategy not only within the U.S. but also in other regions with similar environmental constraints.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0512.v1

Evidence On Viral Suppression Supports Scaling-Up Transition To Dolutegravir-Based Regimens In Pediatric Populations In Cameroon: A Multicentre Baseline Assessment For The Cipher-Adola Study

Joseph FOKAM, Yagai Bouba, Rogers Awoh Ajeh, Dominik Tameza Guebiapsi, Suzane Essamba, Albert Franck Zeh Meka, Ebiama Lifanda, Rose Armelle Ada, Yakouba Liman, Nancy Barbara Mbengono, Audrey Raissa Dzaddi Djomo, Suzie Ndiang Tetang, Samuel Martin Sosso, Jocelyne Carmen Babodo, Olivia Francette Ndomo Ambomo, Edith Michele Temgoua, Caroline Medouane, Sabine Ndejo Atsinkou, Justin Leonel Mvogo, Roger Martin Onana, Jean de Dieu Anoubissi, Alice Ketchaji, Alex Durand Nka, Davy-Hyacinthe Anguechia Gouissi, Aude Christelle Ka’e, Nadine Nguendjoung Fainguem, Rachel Simo Kamgaing, Désiré Augustin Komego Takou, Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Marie Atsama Amougou, Julius Nwobegahay, Comfort Vuchas, Anna Nya Nsimen, Bertrand Bille Eyoum, Sandra kenmegne Gatchuessi, Francis Ndongo Ateba, Daniel Kesseng, Serge Clotaire Billong, Daniele Armenia, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Paul Ndombo Koki, Hadja Cherif Hamsatou, Vittorio Colizzi, Alexis Ndjolo, Carlo Federico Perno, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Virological suppression; low level viremia; children, adolescents, and young-adults; DTG-based regimen; elimination of paediatric AIDS; Cameroon.

Online: 5 July 2024 (12:31:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2068.v1

Impact of Gluten-Free and Casein-Free diet on the quality of life of Autistic children and Adolescents: A Scoping review

Kristina Zafirovski, Mirjana Trpevska Aleksoska, Joe Thomas, Fahad Hanna

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD); autistic symptoms; gluten-free diet; casein-free diet; Quality of Life; children and adolescents

Online: 30 May 2024 (14:16:14 CEST)

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Background: Gluten and casein-containing foods could aggravate the symptoms of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and subsequently impact their quality of life. However, there is a mixed opinion among researchers concerning the impact of alternative diet on reducing ASD symptoms. Objective: This scoping review aimed at examining the impact of the ‘’gluten-free, casein-free’’ (GFCF) diet on health outcomes and the quality of life among autistic children and adolescents. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was performed following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Four databases including EbscoHost, Medline, CINAHL and ProQuest were used to obtain subject-specific studies relevant to the research question and published between July 2013 and March 2024. A comprehensive search using keywords such as “autism spectrum disorder”, “gluten-free diet”, and “casein-free diet” was conducted to obtain articles related to the research focus area. Only full-text, peer-reviewed, written in English articles were selected. Data extraction and data analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses- extension to Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. Results: From the initial 586 studies a total of 27 articles were included in the final analysis of the review. The thematic analysis included ‘GFCF diet and improvement of the core autistic symptoms’’, “the gut-brain link’’, ‘’dietary interventions and autism’’, ‘’possible side effects due to the GCFC diet’’, and ‘’ inconclusive studies and mixed opinions’’. Majority of the studies showed positive effect of the GFCF diet on a variety of autistic symptoms including positive changes in cognitive skills, behaviour, and gastrointestinal symptoms while some showed conflicting evidence. Conclusion: The currently available evidence on the impact of ‘GFCF’’ diet on the quality of life of autistic children and adolescents may warrant potentially effective interventions for alleviating symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. However, this scoping review highlighted the need for more research to provide more reliable evidence on the health outcomes and quality of life of ASD sufferers to guide practice.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0572.v1

The Vulnerability of Children and Adolescents in Severe Diseases: Some Reflections

Giovanni (Gianni) Biondi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Pediatric psychology; the vulnerability of ill children and adolescents; communication (diagnosis, ill child/adolescent, parents, healthcare personnel); stress.

Online: 8 April 2024 (15:11:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2250.v1

Improving Pediatric Patient Outcomes: An Interrupted Time Series (ITS) Approach to Explore the Impact of Rapid Response Teams in Reducing Unplanned PICU Admissions and Cardiopulmonary Arrests.

Samah Al Harbi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: pediatric rapid response team; pediatric intensive care units; interrupted time series analysis; cardiopulmonary arrest in children; quasi-experimental study

Online: 29 December 2023 (05:30:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0258.v1

Children's Health in the Digital Age

Birgitta Dresp-Langley

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: digital environments; over exposure; children; vitamin D; melatonin; myopia; sleep loss; depression; obesity internet addiction; serotonin; dopamine; oxidative stress

Online: 16 March 2020 (04:22:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0392.v1

AI Face-Capture for First-time Passport Application

MD ABDUL BASET SARKER, Masudul H. Imtiaz

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) Camera; Jetson Processor; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Biometric Capture; Face Detection; Passport Photos; Young Children

Online: 7 June 2024 (02:43:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0838.v1

Reference Values for the German Version of the Quality of Life after Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents (QOLIBRI-KID/ADO) from a General Population Sample

Leonie Krol, York Hagmayer, Nicole von Steinbuechel, Katrin Cunitz, Anna Buchheim, Inga K. Koerte, Marina Zeldovich

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: reference values; general population; patient-reported outcome measure (PROM); health-related quality of life; children and adolescents; traumatic brain injury

Online: 15 February 2024 (10:02:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1124.v1

The Role of Personal and Environmental Resources in Predicting Work-Family Facilitation and Mental Health Among Employed Parents of Children With Disabilities in Croatia

Ana Šimunić, Ana Slišković, Andrea Tokić, Jelena Ombla, Lisa Stewart

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: parents of children with disabilities; mental health; work-family facilitation; emotional regulation strategies; optimism; posttraumatic growth; social support; recovery management

Online: 18 July 2023 (13:42:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1377.v1

Zn Bioaccessibility in the Large Intestine of Foodstuffs after in Vitro Digestion and Fermentation with Fecal Material of Children with Gluten Related Disorders, Obesity, and Allergy/Intolerance to Cow’s Milk Proteins

Úrsula García-Conde, Miguel Navarro-Alarcón, Beatriz Navajas-Porras, Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira, Adriana Delgado-Osorio, Sergio Pérez-Burillo, Miguel Navarro-Moreno, Silvia Pastoriza, Konstantinos Douros, José Ángel Rufián-Henares

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: bioaccesibility; released Zn amounts from foods; children; gluten related disorders; obesity; allergy/intolerance to cow’s milk proteins; raw and cooked foods

Online: 20 September 2023 (09:41:01 CEST)

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