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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0240.v1

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Associated with Scientific Stations in Antarctica and Possible Risk for Wildlife

Marcelo González-Aravena, Cristobal Galban-Malagon, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Gonzalo P. Barriga, Victor Neira, Lucas Krüger, Aiko D. Adell, Jorge Olivares-Pacheco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Antarctica; wastewater-based epidemiology; COVID-19; Antarctic wildlife; environmental surveillance

Online: 5 February 2024 (07:58:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1910.v1

Cytokine Storm Fatal Acute Kidney Infection Triggered by COVID-19 (SARS CoV-2) Infection: A Review

Hailemeleak Regassa, Kasahun Gudeta, Ankeet Bhagat, Rachna Chaturvedi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: cytokine storm, COVID-19, Acute kidney infection, SARS-CoV-2, pro-inflammatory cytokines

Online: 29 January 2024 (02:10:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1685.v1

Salt Intake of Children and Adolescents: Influence of Socio- Environmental Factors and School Education

Ewa Malczyk, Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń, Edyta Fatyga, Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: socio-cultural factors 1; school 2; salt intake 3; children 4; adolescents 5

Online: 23 January 2024 (10:54:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1628.v1

Developmental Trends of Metabolic Syndrome in the Past Two Decades: A Review

Ahmad A Obeidat, Mai A Ghabashi, Awfa Y Alazzeh, Firas S Azzeh

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; obesity; insulin resistance; Waist circumference; cardiovascular disease

Online: 23 January 2024 (09:29:49 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0934.v1

Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping in Practice: A Real-World Study of the APIS Breast Cancer Subtyping Assay in a Consecutive Series of Breast Core Biopsies

Silvana Di Palma, Panagiotis Koliou, Alex Simonovic, Daniela Costa, Catherine Faulkes, Brenda Kobutungi, Felicity Paterson, Jonathan David Horsnell, Farrokh Pakzad, Tracey Irvine, Polly Partlett, Elizabeth Clayton, Nadine Collins

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Breast Cancer; Immunohistochemistry; ER; PR; HER-2; Ki-67; APIS; mRNA Expression Testing

Online: 12 January 2024 (02:38:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0670.v1

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5-Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Individuals ≥12 Years Old: A Phase 2/3 Trial

Juleen Gayed, Oyeniyi Diya, Francine S. Lowry, Xia Xu, Vishva Bangad, Federico Mensa, Jing Zou, Xuping Xie, Yanping Hu, Claire Lu, Mark Cutler, Todd Belanger, David Cooper, Kenneth Koury, Annaliesa S. Anderson, Özlem Türeci, Uǧur Şahin, Kena A. Swanson, Kayvon Modjarrad, Alejandra Gurtman, Nicholas Kitchin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: BNT162b2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; variant-adapted; booster; Omicron; XBB.1.5

Online: 9 January 2024 (04:43:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0538.v1

Carbon Instrumentation in Patients with Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression

Søren Schmidt Morgen, Emma Benedikte Alfthan Madsen, Anders Skive Weiland, Benny Dahl, Martin Gehrchen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: Spine surgery 1; Metastatic spinal cord compression 2; Spinal metastasis 3; Cancer treatment.

Online: 8 January 2024 (08:22:25 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0573.v1

Addressing the Concerns Surrounding the Recent Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Subvariant BA.2.86 (Pirola)

Neelabh Datta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; BA.2.86; Omicron; Subvariant; Mutation; Immune escape; Vaccine; Outbreak; Surveillance

Online: 8 January 2024 (07:06:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0285.v1

How Much Does SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Pregnancy Affect the Neonatal Brain, Heart and Kidney? A Parallel between COVID-19, Vaccination and Normal Pregnancy

Daniela Eugenia Popescu, Ana Maria Cristina Jura, Daniela Știube, Adrian Ciulpan, Florina Stoica, Simona Ioana Sipos, Cosmin Citu, Florin Gorun, Marioara Boia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: pregnancy; COVID-19; neonatal; ultrasound; infectious diseases; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; disease course

Online: 4 January 2024 (15:17:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0279.v1

In Vitro Combinatorial Activity of Direct Acting Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against the Ancestral B.1 and BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 Viral Variants

Lia Fiaschi, Camilla Biba, Ilenia Varasi, Niccolò Bartolini, Chiara Paletti, Federica Giammarino, Francesco Saladini, Maurizio Zazzi, Ilaria Vicenti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; mAbs; DAA; Combination antiviral therapy; In vitro synergism; Omicron variant

Online: 3 January 2024 (19:28:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1798.v1

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that mulberry leaf dietary supplementation can improve the lipo-nutritional quality of pork and regulate gut microbiota in pigs

Junjie Hou, Xiang Ji, Xiaoran Chu, Binjie Wang, Kangle Sun, Haibo Wei, Yu Zhang, Zhen Song, Fengyun Wen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: lipidomic 1; intramuscular fat 2; mulberry leaves 3; triglyceride 4; lipid profile 5

Online: 25 December 2023 (09:29:27 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0328.v1

The Effect of Pathogenic Tumor Suppressor Gene Variants on COVID-19: A Report of Three Cases with Varied Severity and Outcomes

Rostislav K. Skitchenko, Yury A. Barbitoff, Mikhail A. Fedyakov, Anna Yu. Anisenkova, Sergei V. Mosenko, Svetlana V. Apalko, Andrey S. Glotov, Oleg S. Glotov, Sergey G. Shcherbak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; oncology; genetic variants; NGS; severity; genetic associations; exome

Online: 6 December 2023 (08:52:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0277.v1

Pre‐Clinical Study of Subunit Betulin‐Adjuvanted Tetravalent Candidate Influenza Vaccine: TetraFluBet

Irina Tcymbarevich, Anna Krasheninnikova, Aleksandr Ivanov, Marina Stukova, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Nataliya Mikhailova, Anton Belkin, Olga Belyakova, Alevtina Nicolaeva, Igor Krasilnikov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: influenza vaccine; seasonal influenza; pandemic influenza; adjuvant; subunit vaccine; SARS-CoV-2; betulin

Online: 5 December 2023 (15:29:12 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0132.v1

Unraveling the Tapestry: Immune Imprinting Amidst a Spectrum of Challenges for modRNA COVID-19 Vaccines

Ronald palacios castrillo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: modRNA vaccines; immunoló; gical imprinting; Covid-19; SARSCoV-2 virus

Online: 4 December 2023 (04:14:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1740.v1

Tocilizumab Exerts Anti-tumor Effects on Proliferation, Invasiveness, ERK 1/2 and STAT3 Signaling Transduction in Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Xenografts Corresponding to Expression Levels of IL-6 Receptors

Yuan-Chiang Chung, Szu-Jung Chen, Yuan-Chiang Chung, Wei-Chun Liu, Ming-Tsung Lai, Ting-Yu Kao, Wei-Shun Yang, Chien-Hui Yang, Chih-Ping Hsu, Jia-Feng Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Interleukin-6 receptor; colorectal carcinoma; xenograft; Tocilizumab; Ki-67; ERK 1/2; STAT3

Online: 28 November 2023 (03:43:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1372.v1

First Sero-Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 among Students and Staff of Polytechnic High School a Community of Cheikh Anta Diop University after the Fourth Wave of COVID-19 in Senegal

Fatou THIAM, Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara, Clemence Stephanie Chloe Anoumba NDIAYE, Ibrahima DIOUF, Khadim KEBE, Assane SENGHOR, Djibaba DJOUMOI, Mame Ndew MBAYE, Idy DIOP, Sarbanding SANE, Seynabou COUNDOUL, Sophie Deli Tene, Mamadou DIOP, Abdou Lahat Dieng, Mamadou NDIAYE, Massamba DIOUF, Saïdou Moustapha Sall, Cheikh Momar NGUER

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; sero-epidemiological survey; Polytechnic High School; Senegal

Online: 24 November 2023 (04:12:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2011.v1

The Impact of 8 Weeks Supplementation with Fermented and Non-Fermented Aronia Berry Pulp on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Christine B Christiansen, Per Bendix Jeppesen, Kjeld Hermansen, Søren Gregersen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Aronia melanocarpa; type 2 diabetes; dietary supplement; antioxidants; polyphenols; anthocyanins; randomized controlled trial

Online: 31 October 2023 (07:08:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0696.v1

Is the β₃-Adrenoceptor a Valid Target for the Treatment of Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes?

Haneen S. Dwaib, Martin C. Michel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: β3-adrenoceptor; obesity; type 2 diabetes; species difference; insulin release; glucose uptake; thermogenesis

Online: 11 October 2023 (14:22:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0515.v1

An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies Against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated Against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2

Palmira Immordino, Vincenzo Pisciotta, Emanuele Amodio, Celestino Bonura, Floriana Bonura, Federica Cacioppo, Giuseppe Calamusa, Giuseppina Capra, Alessandra Casuccio, Simona De Grazia, Dario Genovese, Davide Graci, Guido Lacca, Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo, Maria Gabriella Verso, Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco, Donatella Ferraro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; healthcare workers; vaccine; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; variants of concern

Online: 10 October 2023 (02:50:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0651.v1

Medical Rehabilitation of Patients with Post-Covid-19 Syn-drome – a Comparison of Aerobic Interval and Continuous Training

Johanna Maria Mooren, René Garbsch, Hendrik Schäfer, Mona Kotewitsch, Melina Waranski, Marc Teschler, Boris Schmitz, Frank Christoph Mooren

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Long-Covid; aerobic endurance training; severe acute respiratory syndrome; fatigue

Online: 11 September 2023 (10:56:29 CEST)

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Introduction: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is a multisystemic disorder marked by impaired physical performance as one lead symptom. Since it has been suggested that endurance training as part of medical rehabilitation may be effective to improve physical performance capacity in PCS, this study aimed to compare different modes of aerobic endurance training. Methods: Hundred-ten PCS patients (49.3±11.8 years, 38% women, time after infection=260.2±127.5 days) underwent detailed clinical screening including symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing at admission and after 4-6 weeks of inpatient medical rehabilitation. Questionnaires were used to assess disease perception. Patients performed controlled isocaloric cycle ergometer training (3-5 sessions/week, 18 min) as either continuous training (CT) at 50% of maximal workload or as interval training (IT, load=60%, relief=30%). Outcomes of PCS patients were compared to coronary artery disease patients (CAD, n=96) to evaluate overall training effectiveness. Results: Training participation was comparable between both groups with no indication of training-specific exercise-induced fatigue. Overall, PCS patients improved significantly by a mean of 6.8±12.1% for W at VT1, 3.1±10.0% for VO2 at VT1, 5.5±14.7% for O2-pulse at VT1, 7.5±15.0% for W at VO2peak, 2.7±11.0% for VO2peak and 4.6±12.4% for O2-pulse at VO2peak (all p<0.05) with no significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Both groups showed reduced levels of fatigue, anxiety and depression as well as improved quality of life and wellbeing (all p<0.05). Compared to guideline-based cardiac rehabilitation, PCS patients showed a similar improvement in workload and oxygen uptake compared to CAD patients. Conclusion: PCS patients benefit from aerobic endurance training, performed as moderate continuous or interval training as part of a medical rehabilitation program in terms of improved physical exercise capacity and disease perception. Results for PCS patients are comparable to guideline-based rehabilitation of CAD patients. Clinical Trial: NCT06016192

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0563.v1

Sex, Age, and Risk Groups Variations among Individuals Infected with HIV, HTLV-1, and HTLV-2: Review of Data Records (1983–2017) from a Public Health Laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil

Adele Caterino-de-Araujo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV; HTLV-1; HTLV-2; sex; risk factors; prevalence; co-infection; public policies

Online: 8 September 2023 (09:39:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2167.v1

Whether SARS-CoV-2 May Become Lethal Again? By Reference to the 1918 Influenza Virus

Shu Yuan, Si-Cong Jiang, Zhong-Wei Zhang, Yu-Fan Fu, Xin-Yue Yang, Zi-Lin Li, Jing Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; 1918 H1N1 influenza virus; immune escape; upper respiratory tract; pathogenicity

Online: 31 August 2023 (10:06:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1899.v1

Response Rate to the 3rd and 4th Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Cancer Patients Administered with Active Anti-Neoplastic Treatments

Abed Agbarya, Ina Sarel, Tomer Ziv-Baran, Orna Schwartz, Mohammad Sheikh-Ahmad, Leonard Saiegh, Forat Swaid, Yelena Shechtman, Ella Kozlener, Rasha Khoury, Urska Janzic, Asala Abu-Ahmad, Ronen Brenner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; BNT162b2 vaccine; cancer patients; anti-neoplastic treatment; chemotherapy; antibodies; immunogenicity.

Online: 29 August 2023 (03:49:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1043.v2

Comparison of pixel-based classification algorithms using Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI for land use/land cover mapping in a heterogeneous landscape

Moschos Vogiatzis, Ioannis Eleftheriadis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Image classification; Land use/land cover mapping; Accuracy assessment; Landsat-8; Snetinel-2

Online: 14 August 2023 (09:01:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1362.v1

The Rise and Fall of Omicron BA.1 Variant as Seen in Wastewater Supports Epidemiological Model Predictions

Michal Liddor Naim, Yu Fu, Marilou Shagan, Itay Bar-Or, Robert Marks, Qun Sun, Rony Granek, Ariel Kushmaro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; Wastewater-based epidemiology; RT-qPCR; SIR model; SIRS model

Online: 20 July 2023 (11:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1113.v1

Myocardial Infarction, Deep Venous Thrombosis, and Pulmonary Embolism in SARs-CoV-2 Hospitalizations; Insights from the National Inpatient Sample 2020

Endurance Evbayekha, Ovie Okorare, Gabriel Alugba, Anthony Willie, Ede Omosumwen, Chinemerem Martlin Emeasoba, Bolanle Hawau Salaudeen, Anita Ogochukwu Onyekwere, Awanwosa Valentine Agho, Omolola Okunromade, Adeniyi Kayode Busari, Agatha Olawunmi Akinsete, Erhieyovbe Emore, Ibilola Akorede Sanusi, Agunwa Nnaemeka, Victor Ameh Odoma, Lovette Ugonma, Emeka Kenneth Okobi, Okelue E. Okobi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: SARS‐CoV‐2; COVID‐19; Pulmonary embolism; PE; deep venous thrombosis; DVT; hospitalization

Online: 19 July 2023 (04:41:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1058.v1

SGLT2 Inhibitors Introduction and Changes of the Other Disease Modifiers’ Drugs in Heart Failure Patients: A Single Center Real World Experience

Erika Tabella, Michele Correale, Gianmarco Alcidi, Rosanna Pugliese, Sara Ioannoni, Matteo Romano, Gianpaolo Palmieri, Matteo Di Biase, Natale Daniele Brunetti, Massimo Iacoviello

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Heart Failure; Therapy; type-2 sodium-glucose cotransporters inhibitors; angiotensin receptor neprylisin inhibitors

Online: 17 July 2023 (15:07:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0896.v1

Association of Possible Sarcopenia or Sarcopenia with Body Composition, Nutritional Intakes, Serum Vitamin D3 Levels, and Physical Activity among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan

Yu-Ting Hsu, Jian-Yu Lin, Chien-Ju Lin, Yau-Jiunn Lee, Wen-Hsin Chang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; sarcopenia; serum vitamin D3 levels; nutritional intake; physical performance

Online: 13 July 2023 (08:08:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0134.v1

Modeling and Visualizing the Dynamics of Epidemic Diseases Spread. The Case of COVID-19

Loukas Zachilas, Christos Benos

Subject: Physical Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology; lattice simulation; infection diffusion; epidemics; control measures

Online: 4 July 2023 (03:58:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0120.v1

A Current Approach to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Ionelia Sorina Stan, Teodora Biciusca, Biciusca Viorel, Ramona Cioboata, Adina Mitrea, Diana Clenciu, Alice Elena Ghenea, Suzana Danoiu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; type 2 diabetes mellitus; inflammatory process; biological markers

Online: 3 July 2023 (15:26:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2087.v1

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Dynamic Perspective

Valentina Gerussi, Maddalena Peghin, Alvisa Palese, Maria De Martino, Elena Graziano, Stefania Chiappinotto, Federico Fonda, Giulia Bontempo, Tosca Semenzin, Luca Martini, Miriam Isola, Carlo Tascini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Influenza; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Green-Pass; Vaccination; Immunization; Vaccine-hesitancy; Pandemic

Online: 29 June 2023 (10:23:58 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0889.v1

New Conditions in Heart Transplantation in Persistence of SARS-CoV-2

Lubov Mitrofanova, Igor Makarov, Andrey Gorshkov, Olga Vorobeva, Maria Simonenko, Anna Starshinova, Dmitry Kudlay, Tatiana Karonova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; immunohistochemical and ultrastructural myocardial studies; heart transplantation; virus transmission

Online: 13 June 2023 (07:53:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0525.v1

Recent Advances for the Synthesis of Dihydroquinolin-2(1H) ‑ones via Catalytic Annulation of α,β-unsaturated N-arylamides

Yan-Ning Niu, Lin-shuang Tian, Huai-Zhong Lv, And Ping-Gui Li

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one; α,β-unsaturated N-arylamides; radical; photochemical; annulation

Online: 7 June 2023 (10:12:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0431.v1

Two-path Multi-behavior Sequence Modeling

Mingyue Qu, Nan Wang, Jinbao Li

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Two-path 1; Multi-Behavior Dependence 2; Contrast Learning 3; Sparse Data 4

Online: 6 June 2023 (09:47:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0202.v1

Serum C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio as a Reliable Marker of Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gulali Aktas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; diabetic neuropathy; inflammation; C reactive protein to albumin ratio

Online: 2 June 2023 (12:07:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0123.v1

Generalizability of a Random Forest-Based Model of Maize Lodging Built with Satellite Image Data and Its Application to Monitoring and Evaluating Maize Lodging Risks

Huirong Guo, Bo Ming, Chenwei Nie, Guoqiang Zhang, Hongye Yang, Shang Gao, Beibei Xue, Jiangfeng Xin, Dayun Feng, Biao Jia, Peng Hou, Jun Xue, Ruizhi Xie, Keru Wang, Shaokun Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Sentinel-2 multispectral data; Maize lodging; Random Forest classification; Predictive variables; Model generalizability

Online: 2 June 2023 (04:08:42 CEST)

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Lodging is a common problem in maize production that seriously impacts yield, quality, and the capacity for mechanical harvesting. Evaluation of site-specific lodging risks requires establishment of a method for multi-year monitoring. In this study, spectral images collected by the Sentinel-2 satellite were processed to obtain three types of data: gray-level co-occurrence matrix texture (GLCM), vegetation indices (VIs), and spectral reflectance (SR). Lodging classification models were then established with Random Forest (RF) using each of the three data types separately (the GLCM, VI, and SR models) and in combination (SR+VI model, SR+GLCM model, VI+GLCM mod-el, and SR+VI+GLCM model). By gradually removing features with low importance scores from the SR+VI+GLCM model and analyzing the changes in the overall accuracy (OA), the optimal set of predictive variables was identified and used to construct the optimal model. A model built us-ing data from a single timepoint in 2021 was tested on data collected at a similar timepoint in 2019 and vice versa to assess interannual model generalizability. The results of this study demon-strate that for monitoring maize lodging, models constructed with a single feature type, the GLCM model had significantly lower accuracy compared to the VI and SR models. During certain growth stages, the model constructed with combined features had significantly higher accuracy in monitoring maize lodging compared to models constructed with a single feature. During the pro-cess of selecting the optimal predictive variables, it was found that the accuracy of the model did not increase as the number of predictive variables increased. The results show that the positive and negative validation models had an accuracy of 96.55% and 95.18%, with kappa values of 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. This indicates that the model has strong generality for the same repro-ductive stage between years. This study provides a detailed method for large-scale maize lodging monitoring, allowing for identification of optimal planting practices to reduce the probability of lodging and ultimately improving regional maize yield and quality.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0010.v1

CoVigator – a Knowledge Base for Navigating SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variants

Thomas Bukur, Pablo Riesgo-Ferreiro, Patrick Sorn, Ranganath Gudimella, Johannes Hausmann, Thomas Rösler, Martin Löwer, Barbara Schrörs, Ugur Sahin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; dashboard; genomic variants; software; pipeline; virus genome assemblies; knowledge base

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:16:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2249.v1

Assessment and Therapeutic Modulation of Heart Rate Variability: Potential Implications in Patients with COVID-19

Luiz G. Schnekenberg, Annahita Sedghi, Daniela Schöne, Lars-Peder Pallesen, Jessica Barlinn, Felix Woitek, Axel Linke, Volker Puetz, Kristian Barlinn, Norman Mangner, Timo Siepmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; heart rate variability; cardiac; cardiovascular; parasympathetic; sympathetic; autonomic

Online: 31 May 2023 (12:55:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1642.v1

Structural Characterization and Anticancer Activity of a New Anthraquinone from Senna velutina

David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu Castro, Daniel Ferreira Leite, Debora da Silva Baldívia, Helder Freitas Dos Santos, Sikiru Olaitan Balogun, Denise Brentan Silva, Carlos Alexandre Carollo, Kely De Picoli Souza, Edson Lucas dos Santos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: melanoma 1; keyword 2; leukemia 3; medicinal plants 4; anthracene 5; caspase 6

Online: 23 May 2023 (10:44:52 CEST)

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Cancer is a complex disease, considered a major public health problem worldwide. Among the types of cancer, melanoma, and leukemias present high mortality rates in Brazil and worldwide. Currently, conventional cytotoxic treatments cause severe side effects by the non-selectivity between normal cells and cancer cells. Therefore, molecules of natural origin with more efficient anticancer properties and that present fewer adverse effects are of extreme importance for cancer therapy and improvement in patients’ quality of life. This study isolated, identified, and characterized the chemical structure of a new anthraquinone present in the extract of the roots of Senna velutina. In addition, we sought to evaluate the anticancer potential of this molecule against melanoma and leukemic cell lines and identify the pathways of cell death involved. To this end, a novel anthraquinone was isolated from the barks of the roots of S. velutina, analyzed by HPLC-DAD, and its molecular structure was determined by NMR. Subsequently, their cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the MTT method against non-cancerous, melanoma, and leukemic cells. The migration of melanoma cells was evaluated by the scratch assay. By flow cytometry technique, the apoptosis process, caspase-3 activation, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential, and measurement of ROS were evaluated. In addition, the pharmacological cell death inhibitors NEC-1, RIP-1, BAPTA, Z-VAD, and Z-DEVD were used to confirm the related cell death mechanisms. With the results, it was possible to elucidate the novel compound characterized as 2'-OH-Torosaol I. In normal cells, the compound showed no cytotoxicity in PBMC but reduced the cell viability of all melanoma and leukemic cell lines evaluated. 2'-OH-Torosaol I inhibited chemotaxis of B16F10-Nex2, SK-Mel-19, SK-Mel28 and SK-Mel-103. The cytotoxicity of the compound was induced by apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and activation of caspase-3. In addition, the inhibitors demonstrated the involvement of necroptosis and CA+ in the death process and confirmed caspase-dependent apoptosis death as one of the main programmed-cell death pathways induced by 2'-OH-Torosaol I. Taken together, the data characterize the novel anthraquinone 2'-OH-Torosaol I, demonstrating its anticancer activity and potential application in cancer therapy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0565.v1

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insights into Low Nitrogen Stress in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.).

Erying Chen, Ling Qin, Feifei Li, Yanbing Yang, Zhenyu Liu, Xiao Yu, Jiahong Niu, Runfeng Wang, Huawen Zhang, Hailian Wang, Bin Liu, Yanan Guan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: foxtail millet 1; nitrogen use efficiency 2; varieties3; physiological parameters 4; transcriptomics 5.

Online: 9 May 2023 (04:41:12 CEST)

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Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) is an important food and forage crop that is well adapted to nutrient-poor soils. However, little is known about how foxtail millet adapts to low nitrogen (LN) at the physiological and molecular levels. In the present study, two foxtail millet varieties with contrasting low nitrogen (LN) tolerance properties were investigated through integrative analyses of physiological featureparameters and transcriptomics. The physiological results showed that JG20 (high tolerance to LN) had higher biomass accumulation, nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency compared with JG22 (low tolerancesensitive to LN) under LN. JG20 had higher soluble sugar and soluble protein concentration in shoots compared with JG22 under LN, while contcentrations of soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were higher in the roots of JG22. Higher levels of CTK contentzeatin concentration were found in the shoots of JG20 com-pared with JG22, and a higher ABA contcentration was found in both the shoots and roots of JG22 compared with JG20 under LN. In the transcriptomics results, JG20 had more differentially ex-pressed genes (DEGs) than JG22 both in shoots and roots in response to LN. These LN-responsive genes were enriched in glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, hormone metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, the high-affinity nitrate transporter gene, SiNRT2.1, and glutamine synthetase gene, SiGS5, chlorophyll apoprotein of photosystem II gene, SiPsbQ, ATP synthase subunit gene, b, auxin-responsive protein gene, SiIAA25, and aldose 1-epimerase gene, SiAEP, in shoots, and high-affinity nitrate transporter gene, SiNRT2.3, SiNRT2.4, and glutamate synthase gene, SiGOGAT2, auxin-responsive protein gene, SiIAA4, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase gene, SiAEP5, in root, were important genes in-volved in the LN tolerance of foxtail millet. These results provide a detailed description of the physiological and transcriptome response of foxtail millet under LN condition.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0364.v1

Comparison of Antibody Persistence Up to 6 Months After Additional Booster Vaccination With ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine.

Pawita Suwanwattana, May Han, Tanawin Nopsopon, Phanupong Phutrakool, Chatpol Samuthpongtorn, Wannarat Pongpirul, Wisit Prasithsirikul, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Krit Pongpirul

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; immunogenicity; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; durability; booster

Online: 14 April 2023 (10:20:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0487.v1

Delineation of Orchard, Vineyard, and Olive Trees Based on Spectral and Phenology Metrics using Time-Series of Sentinel-2 during 2016-2021

Mukhtar Adamu Abubakar, André Chanzy, Fabrice Flamain, Guillaume Pouget, Dominique Courault

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: woody crop classification; Sentinel-2; random forest; crop phenology; olive; orchard; vineyards; Mediterranean

Online: 28 March 2023 (11:19:29 CEST)

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The characteristics of the Sentinel-2 mission with a decametric resolution and frequent acquisitions allow to improve the identification of crops. The majority of the studies on crop classification using RS were targeted at herbaceous and gramineous crop classes while fewer results were obtained on woody crops which present a strong variability in management practices that make their identification difficult. Thus, this study aimed to propose a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analytical approach for the delineation of fruit orchards (OC), vineyards (VY), and olive groves (OL) in the Mediterranean (Southern France) considering two locations. A classification based on phenology metrics (PM) de-rived from temporal Sentinel-2 time series was developed to perform the classification. The PM were computed by fitting a double logistic model on temporal profiles of vegeta-tion indices to delineate OC, VY, and a DC class gathering all remaining surfaces. The generated PM were introduced in a random forest (RF) algorithm to identify woody crops across the two sites. The method was tested on different vegetation indices, the best results being obtained with the leaf area index (LAI). To delineate OL in the DC class, the tem-poral features of the green chlorophyll vegetation index (GCVI) were found to be the most appropriated with a typical drop of the signal during the mid-season (DOY 150-250). As a final result, we obtained an overall accuracy ranging from 89-96% and Kappa of 0.86-0.95 by considering each study site and year (2016-2021), separately. This accuracy is much better than applying the RF algorithm on the LAI times series, which led to a Kappa rang-ing between 0.3 and 0.52 and demonstrates the interest of using phenological traits rather than the raw time series of the RS data. The method can be well reproduced from one year to another. Moreover, it is possible to apply the classification model of a given year to an-other, keeping good accuracy. This is an interesting feature to reduce the burden of col-lecting ground truth information. On the contrary, the use of a classification model cali-brated in one site and applied to another led to a strong degradation of the classification accuracy. Woody crop phenology is dependent on site climatic conditions as well as the cultivar and management practices that can differ from one site to another.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0441.v1

IgG4 Antibodies Induced by mRNA Vaccines Generate Immune Tolerance to SARS-CoV-2’spike Protein by Suppressing the Immune System

Vladimir N. Uversky, Elrashdy M. Redwan, William Makis, Alberto Rubio-Casillas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: IgG4 antibodies; mRNA vaccines; immuno-tolerance; auto-immunity; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19.

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:56:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0331.v1

Agriculture Land Cover Identification Using One-Shot Airborne Hyperspectral Images: case study of small parcels, Poland

Beata Joanna Hejmanowska, Piotr Szymon Kramarczyk

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: n/a; airborne hyperspectral images, Sentinel-2, k-means, random forest, crop recognition

Online: 20 February 2023 (08:31:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0075.v1

A New Way to 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Benzo[h]quinolines: Synthesis, Consecutive Reactions and Cellular Activities

Viktor A. Zapol’skii, Sandra Kaul, Bianka Karge, Mark Brönstrup, Mimoza Gjikaj, Dieter E. Kaufmann

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: synthetic methods; 2-nitroperchlorobutadiene; benzoquinolines; cyclization; amines; sulfides; nucleophilic substitution; oxidation; medicinal chemistry

Online: 3 February 2023 (13:49:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0488.v1

Chronic Use of the Synthetic Cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 55 Modifies the Isoflurane-Sparing Effect of Morphine and Dexmedetomidine

José Antonio Ibancovichi, Julio Raúl Chávez-Monteagudo, Pedro Sánchez-Aparicio, Marco Antonio De Paz-Campos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: minimum alveolar concentration MAC; isoflurane; dexmedetomidine; morphine; synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2; rats

Online: 27 January 2023 (06:16:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0076.v1

Molecular Docking and Dynamics Identifies Potential Repurposed Drug Candidates for COVID-19 Studies

Mohammed Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman, Chougule Suryakant, Ala Chandu, Banoth Kumar, Renuka Joshi, Snehal Jadhav, Sankaranarayanan Murugesan, Seshadri Vasan

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; drug repurposing; long COVID; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 4 January 2023 (09:38:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0454.v1

The Silver Bullet: A Safe and Efficient Attenuated Vaccine for Viral Diseases Based on Biothermodynamics

Marko Popovic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine; Attenuation; Biothermodynamics; Gibbs energy; Permissiveness; Biosynthesis; Multiplication

Online: 23 December 2022 (08:15:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0404.v1

Bayesian Molecular Dating Analyses Combined with Mutational Profiling Suggest an Independent Origin and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Sub-lineages

Naveen Kumar, Rahul Kaushik, Ashutosh Singh, Vladimir N. Uversky, Kam Y. J. Zhang, Upasana Sahu, Sandeep Bhatia, Aniket Sanyal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron; tMRCA; evolutionary rate; mutational profiling; selection pressure

Online: 26 October 2022 (08:15:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0084.v2

The CSHQ-DE Questionnaire Uncovers Relevant Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Long COVID-19

Sarah Werner, Claus Doerfel, Richard Biedermann, Michael Lorenz, Marius Rasche, Hans Proquitté, Lars Newman, Daniel Vilser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: long COVID; Post COVID-19 condition; sleep disorders, SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; children

Online: 14 October 2022 (10:13:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0125.v1

Fricke Topological Qubits

Michel Planat, David Chester, Marcelo Maciej Amaral, Klee Irwin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: n/a; Topological quantum computing; $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ character variety; knot theory

Online: 10 October 2022 (11:14:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0318.v1

Last but not Least Important Variant: The Most Negative Gibbs Energy of Binding Indicates the Greatest Infectivity of the BA.2.75 Compared with Other SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Marko Popovic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: BA.2.75 variant; Gibbs energy of binding; binding rate; infectivity; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 21 September 2022 (09:44:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0169.v1

Integration of Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 Data for Crop Classification Improvement: Barley and Wheat as an Example

Gaylan R. Faqe Ibrahim, Azad Rasul, Haidi Abdullah

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Synthetic Aperture Rader (SAR); Optical image (Sentinel 2); Random Forest (RF); CART; GEE

Online: 13 September 2022 (10:06:14 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0063.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Unvaccinated High Risk Pregnant Women in the Bronx, NY is Associated with Placental Abnormalities, Shorter Gestation and Lower Apgar Scores

Sandra Reznik, Patricia Vuguin, Rasha Khoury, Olivier Loudig, Ridin Balakrashnian, Susan Fineberg, Francine Hughes, Malini Harigopal, Maureen J. Charron

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Placental Pathology; Apgar Scores; Gestational Age; Under-resourced Patient Population

Online: 5 September 2022 (13:17:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0376.v1

Long COVID at Low and High Altitude: A Countrywide Epidemiological Analysis of Self-Reported Long-Term Persisting Symptoms in Ecuador

Juan S. Izquiero-Condoy, Raul Fernandez-Naranjo, Jorge Vásconez-González, Simone Cordovez, Andrea Tello-De-la-Torre, Clara Paz, Karen Delgado-Moreira, Sarah Carrington, Ginés Viscor, Esteban Ortiz-Prado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; long-COVID; sequalae; symptoms; Latin America; high altitude

Online: 22 August 2022 (06:04:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0022.v1

Immune Escape Associated with RBD Omicron Mutations and SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Dynamics

Alexander Kudryavtsev, Anna V. Vakhrusheva, Valery Novoseletsky, Marine Bozdaganyan, Konstantin V. Shaitan, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, Olga S. Sokolova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Omicron; bioinformatics; immune escape; RBD mutations; vaccine development

Online: 1 June 2022 (14:12:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0009.v1

How Smell Regulates Metabolism: The Role Of Ectopically Expressed Olfactory Receptors In Lipid and Glucose Homeostasis

Ginevra Urbani, Eleonora Distrutti, Michele Biagioli, Silvia Marchianò, Stefano Fiorucci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: olfactory receptors; glucose metabolism; type 2 diabetes mellitus; lipid metabolism; NAFLD; metabolic syndrome

Online: 2 April 2022 (09:00:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0227.v1

[¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in Short-Term Complications of COVID-19: Metabolic Markers of Persistent Inflammation and Impaired Respiratory Function

Eva María Triviño-Ibáñez, Beatriz María Jiménez-Rodríguez, Teodoro Rudolphi-Solero, Encarnación Yolanda García-Rivero, Antonio Rodríguez-Fernández, Jose Manuel Llamas-Elvira, Manuel Gómez-Río, Concepción Morales-García

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; FDG-PET/CT; respiratory function test; complications; inflammatory; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 16 March 2022 (09:26:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0307.v1

miR-221-3p/222-3p Cluster Expression in Human Adipose Tissue is Related to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Adriana-Mariel Gentile, Said Lhamyani, Mercedes Clemente-Postigo, Enrique Estepa, Maria Mengual-Mesa, Francisco J. Bermúdez-Silva, Alberto Rodríguez-Cañete, Francisco J. Tinahones, Gabriel Olveira, Rajaa El Bekay

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: miR-221-3p/222-3p cluster; human adipose tissue; obesity; type 2 diabetes

Online: 24 February 2022 (09:54:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0530.v2

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months After Infection in an Outbreak With Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study

Salvador Domènech-Montoliu, Joan Puig-Barberà, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Paula Vidal-Utrillas, Marta Latorre-Poveda, Alba Del Rio-González, Sara Ferrando-Rubert, Gema Ferrer-Abad, Manuel Sánchez-Urbano, Laura Aparisi-Esteve, Gema Badenes-Marques, Belen Cervera-Ferrer, Ursula Clerig-Arnau, Claudia Dols-Bernad, Maria Fontal-Carcel, Lorna Gomez-Lanas, David Jovani-Sales, Maria Carmen Leòn-Domingo, Maria Dolores Llopico-Vilanova, Mercedes Moros-Blanco, Cristina Notari-Rodríguez, Raquel Ruíz-Puig, Sonia Valls-López, Alberto Arnedo-Pena

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; antibodies; cohort; population-based; body mass index; ECLIA

Online: 23 September 2021 (11:10:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0498.v1

On the Low-Lying Electronically Excited States of Azobenzene Dimers: Transition Density Matrix Analysis

Evgenii Titov

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: azobenzene; transition density matrix; exciton; charge transfer; excited states; TD-DFT; ADC(2)

Online: 21 June 2021 (10:20:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0237.v1

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetic and the Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

Jean-Louis Bayart, Laure Morimont, Mélanie Closset, Grégoire Wieërs, Tatiana Roy, Vincent Gerin, Marc Elsen, Christelle Eucher, Sandrine Van Eeckhoudt, Nathalie Ausselet, Clara David, François Mullier, Jean-Michel Dogné, Julien Favresse, Jonathan Douxfils

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; BNT162b2; antibody, serology; kinetic; age; gender; BMI; blood-group.

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:48:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0232.v1

Effect of COVID-19-related Lockdown οn Hospital Admissions for Asthma and COPD Exacerbations: Associations with Air Pollution and Patient Characteristics

Ioanna Sigala, Timoleon Giannakas, Vasileios Giannakoulis, Efthimios Zervas, Aikaterini Mprinia, Niki Gianniou, Andreas Asimakos, Efhrosyni Dima, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Paraskevi Katsaounou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-SoV-2; hospital admissions; COPD exacerbation; asthma exacerbation; air pollution

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:27:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0750.v1

Origin, Phylogeny, Variability and Epitope Conservation of SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide

Filipa F Vale, Jorge M.B. Vítor, Andreia T. Marques, José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira, Elsa Anes, João Gonçalves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 genomics; spike protein; epitope prediction; coronavirus comparative genomics

Online: 31 May 2021 (11:36:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0623.v1

Clinical Performance of Paraoxonase-1-Related Variables and Novel Markers of Inflammation in Coronavirus Disease-19. A Machine Learning Approach

Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs, Simona Iftimie, Helena Castañé, Gerard Baiges-Gaya, Anna Hernández-Aguilera, María González-Viñas, Antoni Castro, Jordi Camps, Jorge Joven

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: biomarkers; chemokines; COVID-19; galectin-3; machine learning; paraoxonase-1; SARS-CoV-2.

Online: 26 May 2021 (08:06:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0557.v1

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Monitoring for Piedmont, Italy

Angelo Robotto, David Lembo, Paola Quaglino, Enrico Brizio, Denis Polato, Andrea Civra, Jessica Cusato, Giovanni Di Perri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; treatment; plant; Environmental Virology Monitoring and Surveillance; E gene

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:35:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0552.v1

Abnormal Liver Biochemistry Tests and Acute Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients: Current Evidence and Potential Pathogenesis

Donovan A. McGrowder, Fabian Miller, Melisa Anderson Cross, Lennox Anderson-Jackson, Sophia Bryan, Lowell Dilworth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Liver; biochemistry tests; function; COVID-19; injury; SARS-CoV-2; infection; severity; mortality

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:14:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0552.v1

Role of Information Technology in COVID19 Vaccination Drive: An Analysis of the COVID-19 Global Beliefs, Behaviors, and Norms Survey

Debjyoti Talukdar, Kire Stojkovski, Daniel Suarez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID19; vaccine; SARS nCoV-2; information technology; COVID19 vaccine survey; MIT vaccine survey

Online: 20 April 2021 (14:35:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0530.v1

ISIDOG Consensus Guidelines on Covid-19 Vaccination for Women before, during and after Pregnancy

Gilbert Gerard Ghislain Donders, Svitrigaile Grinceviciene, Kai Haldre, Risa Lonnee-Hofmann, Francesca Donders, Aristotelis Tsiakalos, Albert Adriaanse, Jose Martinez de Oliveira, Kevin Ault, Werner Mendling

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: vaccine, pregnancy complication, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, maternal complications, pandemic, prevention, safety

Online: 20 April 2021 (11:22:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Working Paper ARTICLE

A Comparison of the Level of Acceptance and Hesitancy towards the Influenza Vaccine and the Forthcoming COVID-19 Vaccine in the Medical Community

Magdalena Grochowska, Aleksandra Ratajczak, Gabriela Zdunek, Aleksander Adamiec, Paweł Waszkiewicz, Wojciech Feleszko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine; vaccine hesitancy; Healthcare Workers; Flu vaccine; Influenza; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 12 April 2021 (12:33:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0193.v2

SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed Against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise

Ralf Duerr, Keaton M. Crosse, Ana Mayela Valero Jimenez, Meike Dittmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; HIV; zoonotic viruses; COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics; viral entry

Online: 8 April 2021 (10:51:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0132.v1

Analyzing the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Risk Level in the US Counties

Samira Ziyadidegan, Moein Razavi, Homa Pesarakli, Amir Hossein Javid

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: multinomial logistic regression; K-means clustering; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; meteorological variables

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:49:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0178.v1

Modeling of Renewable Energy Systems by a Self-Evolving Nonlinear Consequent Part Recurrent Type-2 Fuzzy System (NCPRT2FS) for Power Prediction

Jafar Tavoosi, Amir Abolfazl Suratgar, Mohammad Bagher Menhaj, Amir Mosavi, Ardashir Mohammadzadeh, Ehsan Ranjbar

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Self-Evolving, Recurrent Type-2 Fuzzy, Nonlinear Consequent Part, Convergence Analysis, Renewable Energy.

Online: 5 March 2021 (09:57:24 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

A Critical Review of Disinfection Processes to Control SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in the Food Industry

Adrián Pedreira, Yeşim Taşkın, Míriam R. García

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 pandemic; food industry; disinfection trade-offs; one-health

Online: 15 December 2020 (12:58:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0176.v1

Why Appreciation of Pulmonary Vitamin D Metabolism Should Temper Expectations for Vitamin D Supplementation to Reduce Disease Severity and Improve Clinical Outcome of COVID-19

Rob Janssen, Jona Walk, Jody M.W. van den Ouweland

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Vitamin D; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; endothelialithis; CYP27B1; vitamin D receptor; CYP24A1

Online: 7 December 2020 (19:43:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0613.v3

Review of Infective Dose, Routes of Transmission, and Outcome of COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Comparison with Other Respiratory Viruses

Sedighe Karimzadeh, Raj Bhopal, Huy Nguyen Tien

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: infective dose; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; respiratory viruses; viral load; viral dynamics

Online: 7 December 2020 (11:36:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0463.v3

Trends of Mutation Accumulation Across Global SARS-CoV-2 Genomes: Implications for the Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus

Chayan Roy, Santi M Mandal, Suresh K Mondol, Shriparna Mukherjee, Wriddhiman Ghosh, Ranadhir Chakraborty

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; genome-wide mutations; transition; transversion; nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations; microevolution

Online: 5 October 2020 (10:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0486.v1

A Meta-analysis of Comorbidities in COVID-19: Which Diseases increase the Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

Srinivasan Ramachandran, Manoj Kumar Singh, Ahmed Mobeen, Amit Chandra, Sweta Joshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; comorbidity; SARS-CoV-2; leukemia; NAFLD; psoriasis; cancer; type II diabetes

Online: 21 September 2020 (03:32:58 CEST)

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Background: Comorbidities have been frequently reported in COVID-19 patients, which often lead to more severe outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind these clinical observations have not yet been explained. Herein, we investigated the disease-specific gene expression signatures that may induce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We studied 30 frequently occurring acute, chronic, or infectious diseases of recent times that have shown comorbidity in one or another respiratory disease(s) caused by pathogenic human infecting coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. We retrieved array-based gene expression data for each disease and control from relevant datasets. Subsequently, all the datasets were quantile normalized, and log-2 transformed data was used for analysis. Results The expression of ACE2 receptor and host proteases, namely FURIN and TMPRSS2 that are essential for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2, was upregulated in all six studied subtypes of leukemia (hereafter, referred as leukemia). The expression of ACE2 was also increased in psoriasis, lung cancer, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), breast cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. The expression of FURIN was higher in psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, and in type II diabetic liver, whereas it was lowered in breast cancer. Similarly, the expression of TMPRSS2 was increased during lung cancer and type II diabetes; it was decreased during psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer.Furthermore, a heightened expression of genes that are involved in immune response was observed in leukemia patients, as shown by the higher expression of IFNA2, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA21, IFNB1, CXCL10, and IL6. The expression of JAK1, STAT1, IL6, and CXCL10 was higher in NAFLD. Besides, JAK1 and STAT1 were upregulated in type II diabetic muscles. In addition, most of the upregulated genes in COVID-19 patients showed a similar trend in leukemia, NAFLD, and psoriasis. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS CoV, were found to commonly alter two genes, namely, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 11 and CLUSTERIN.Conclusions: The genes that may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection are mostly upregulated in leukemia patients; hence, leukemia patients are relatively more susceptible to develop COVID-19, followed by other chronic disorders, such as, NAFLD, type II diabetes, psoriasis, and hypertension. This study identifies key genes that are altered in the studied diseases types, which may aid in the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and underlie COVID-19 associated comorbidities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0408.v1

Assessment of the Presence of Symptoms, Individual Protection Measures (IPM) and Suspect Screening Measures (SSM) of COVID-19 in Federal Police Officers from a Regional Police Station in Brazil

Jefferson Aparecido Dias, Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas, Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Fernanda Mesquita Serva, Piero Biteli, Claudemir Gregório Mendes, Elídia Fabiana de Souza Xavier, Carlos Francisco Bitencourt Jorge, Tereza Lais Menegucci Zutin, Mateus Cezar dos Santos, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Rogério Leone Buchaim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: covid-19 antibody; coronavirus; immunoglobulin; police officer; quality of life; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 19 August 2020 (09:55:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0372.v1

A Review of Evidence: Using Respirators to prevent Sars-Cov-2 Transmission

Adam Nulty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: sars-cov-2, covid, covid-19, masks, dentistry, respirator, n99, n95, ffp2, ffp3,

Online: 18 August 2020 (04:30:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0312.v1

Virion Structure and Mechanism of Propagation of Coronaviruses including SARS-CoV 2 (COVID -19 ) and some Meaningful Points for Drug or Vaccine Development

Swapan Ghosh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19); + ssRNA; ribosomal – framshift; Pseudoknot; replication; model; drug; vaccine

Online: 14 August 2020 (08:26:31 CEST)

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SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, a new seventh human corona virus, has out-broken in Wuhan, China since 31^st December 2019, and quickly escalated to take the form of pandemic which killed many human beings throughout almost all countries across continents. The rapidity of its transmission from human to human is far greater than all previous human corona viruses which came into existence like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, etc. The nucleotide sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (isolates Wuhan-Hu-1) is 29,875 bp in ss-RNA. Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia include from asymptomatic to high fever and/or respiratory illnesses. Coronavirus virion (spherical/round /elliptical in shape) consists of three parts- outer membrane or envelope, nucleocapsid and genome (RNA). SARS-CoV-2 was shown to use receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for attachment to the cells through its surface spike (S) protein (S1), and the virion enters into the host cell through two routes- direct membrane fusion and endocytotic pathway. The RNA of SARS-CoV acts directly as mRNA and here minus(-) 1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (-1PRF) is being operated by slippery sequence and pseudoknot, so it translates 16 nonstructural proteins including RNA dependent RNA replicase. Then genomic RNA replicated continuously on – strand RNA template and subgenomic RNA transcribed discontinuously on –RNA template to sgmRNA. Subgenomic RNAs/sgmRNAs synthesize all structural proteins. This article takes into consideration the details of established theories of viral structure, viral attachment, mode of entry into human cells, different models of replication and transcription of virus genome proposed by eminent scientists over the years, and makes an in depth examination highlighting meaningful points or important target cites of viral propagation or synthesis, which are conserved, for prompt development of potent drugs or vaccine to counter COVID-19 for which human race is anxiously and eagerly waiting.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0198.v1

Pan-Echinocandin-Resistant Candida glabrata Bloodstream Infection Complicating COVID-19: A Fatal Case Report

Brunella Posteraro, Riccardo Torelli, Antonietta Vella, Paolo Maria Leone, Giulia De Angelis, Elena De Carolis, Giulio Ventura, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Massimo Fantoni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; coinfection; diabetes, bloodstream infection; Candida glabrata; echinocandin resistance; FKS mutation

Online: 7 August 2020 (12:54:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0166.v1

Antibody Response and Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: Significance in Vaccine Development

Ligong Lu, Hui Zhang, Meixiao Zhan, Jun Jiang, Hua Yin, Danielle J. Dauphars, Shi-You Li, Yong Li, You-Wen He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19, seroconversion, neutralizing antibody, spike protein, SARS-CoV-2, convalescent plasma, vaccine

Online: 6 August 2020 (12:16:11 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Epidemic Dynamics and Clinical Features of COVID-19 and Government Measures to Control Disease Transmission in Southern Hainan Island, China

Bei Wang, Qin-Yi Chen, Sen Lin, Hua Zhang, Chang-Feng Lin, Zhi-Yong Liu, Zhi-Quan Wu, Juan Chen, Dong Liang, Yan-Tao Liu, Ya-Yun Tan, Chong-Hao Xing, Da-Ying YangYang, Min-Jie Gao, Ri-Xia Lin, Ling Lin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemic dynamics; disease control; clinical features; tropical area

Online: 8 July 2020 (12:30:52 CEST)

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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the epidemic dynamics and clinical features of COVID-19 in southern Hainan Island, China, and provide experience for other tropical areas of the world. Methods: This retrospective study included confirmed cases of COVID-19 in southern Hainan. All enrolled patients were treated in Sanya, and data on epidemiological and clinical features of the disease and infection prevention and control measures adopted by the local government during the epidemic were collected. Results: Of the 74 cases, 71 (95.95%) were imported from Wuhan, Hubei Province (47, 63.51%), other cities in Hubei Province (11, 14.86%), or provinces other than Hubei and Hainan (13, 17.57%). Three (4.06%) patients were infected in southern Hainan, including one autochthonous case in Sanya. Fifty-four cases (72.97%) were detected in Sanya, and 27 cases (27.03%) were diagnosed in other cities. The rate of severe or critical cases was 28.38% (21/74), and mortality was 2.7% (2/74). The serum lactate levels and base excess of severe-critical patients were higher than those of patients with mild-moderate disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic conditions were risk factors for severe and critical COVID-19. Seventy-four patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 over a 22-day period in Sanya, and the epidemic period in the city was 48 days. The outbreak was controlled rapidly because the local government adopted strict infection prevention and control measures. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Hainan Island were similar to those reported in other regions. In Sanya, the rate of severe and very severe cases was higher than in other regions; however, most cases were imported, and there was only one autochthonous case. The rapid control of the outbreak in Sanya may be related to the tropical climate, adoption of strict infection prevention and control measures, daily reporting of new cases, increased public awareness about the epidemic, and other emergency actions implemented by the local government.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0365.v1

Molecular Modelling and Docking Experiments Examining the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Konstantinos Farsalinos, Elias Eliopoulos, Demetres Leonidas, Georgios Papadopoulos, Socrates Tzartos, Konstantinos Poulas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; smoking; nicotine; nicotinic cholinergic system; inflammation; acetylcholine receptors

Online: 23 May 2020 (10:06:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0439.v1

Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site

Umesh Kalathiya, Monikaben Padariya, Marcos Mayordomo, Małgorzata Lisowska, Judith Nicholson, Ashita Singh, Maciej Baginski, Robin Fåhraeus, Neil Carragher, Kathryn Ball, Juergen Haas, Alison Daniels, Ted R. Hupp, Javier Antonio Alfaro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; spike glycoprotein; variability; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; inhibitors

Online: 24 April 2020 (11:42:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0334.v1

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Study of Two Viral Proteins Associated with SARS-CoV-2 with Ivermectin

Lenin Andres Gonzalez Paz, Carla A. Lossada, Luis S. Moncayo, Freddy Romero, J. L. Paz, Joan Vera-Villalobos, Aleivi E. Perez, Ernesto San-Blas, Ysaias J. Alvarado

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: SARS-COV-2; folding/unfolding; antiparasitic; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; COVID-19; Ivermectin

Online: 19 April 2020 (06:56:09 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0269.v1

Antibiotics Against COVID-19 and Mitochondria? Urgent Thinking Out of the Box

Jaroslaw Tyszka, Karolina Kobos, Aleksandra Tyszka

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; antibiotics; immune response; mitochondria; epidemiology; health policy

Online: 16 April 2020 (12:14:30 CEST)

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Italian, Spanish, French vs German, Austrian or Norwegian COVID-19 tracks? Antibiotics might have a partial impact on COVID-19 death rates in various countries. Our working hypotheses based on recent publications is that that antibiotics may be a major factor that negatively affects patients’ immune system during viral infections. We are all aware that there is no specific and effective medical treatment for COVID-19 so far. However, we know that our immune system is the only efficient weapon that fights against this syndrome right now. In fact, antibiotics are very often prescribed to prevent secondary infections following an antiviral immune response. Various antibiotic therapies have also been commonly applied to support COVID-19 treatments in China and Italy. Unfortunately, the frequent antibiotic off-site targets include mitochondria that are genetically and evolutionary closely linked to bacteria. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles responsible for bioenergetics in nearly all our cells, acting as signaling hubs in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are vulnerable to antibacterial treatments, interrupting their physiology. Inhibition of these processes by antibiotics might render the immune system less capable of fighting acute COVID-19 viral infections. Some antibiotics, including those prescribed for COVID-19 in Wuhan, have been shown to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. The question is whether antibiotics support such a treatment or weaken patient immune responses in this case. This hypothesis should be evaluated based on comparative clinical data that seem to be unavailable at the moment. Possibly the COVID-19 risk group should be extended to all patients being treated with antibiotics, including those who finished antibiotic therapies days up to several months before SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore urge health service response groups to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on COVID-19 recovery vs death retrospective data. We would like to motivate international, national and local health authorities to share available clinical treatment data, discuss and optimize treatment strategies.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0247.v1

Epigallocatechin-Gallate and Theaflavin-Gallate Interaction in SARS CoV-2 Spike-Protein Central-Channel with Reference to the Hydroxychloroquine Interaction: Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking Study

Smarajit Maiti, Amrita Banerjee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS CoV-2; COVID 19; pandemic global-outbreak; Spike glycoprotein; ACE2; PatchDock; hydroxychloroquine

Online: 15 April 2020 (10:50:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0184.v1

Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs

Ujjwal Neogi, Kyle J. Hill, Anoop T. Ambikan, Xiao Heng, Thomas P. Quinn, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Anders Sönnerborg, Stefan G. Sarafianos, Kamal Singh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RNA polymerase; nsp12

Online: 12 April 2020 (05:36:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0161.v1

High Throughput Virtual Screening to Discover Inhibitors of the Main Protease of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Birgit Strodel, Olujide Olubiyi, Maryam Olagunju, Monika Keutmann, Jennifer Loschwitz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; main protease inhibition; virtual screening; drugs; natural products

Online: 9 April 2020 (14:59:37 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0146.v1

Virtual Screening of Potential Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease

Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz, Luisa N. Pimentel-Vera, Angela Caro, Angela Mosquera, Camilo Andrés Castellanos Moreno, Juan Pablo Manosalva Rojas, Diana Carolina Díaz-Tribaldos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Coronavirus Disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2; main protease; molecular docking-based virtual screening

Online: 9 April 2020 (09:34:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0103.v1

Safe Laboratory Practices in the Light of Covid-19 Pandemic: Way Forward in a Resource Limited Setting

Kevin Odega, Ehijie Iyamah, Ephraim Ibadin, Festus Idomeh, Deborah odega

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Medical Laboratory; Resource-limited setting, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)

Online: 7 April 2020 (12:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0444.v1

Rapid Prototyping of Reusable 3D-Printed N95 Equivalent Respirators at the George Washington University

Destie Provenzano, Yuan James Rao, Konstantin Mitic, Sofian N. Obaid, Dominique Pierce, James Huckenpahler, Jeffrey Berger, Sharad Goyal, Murray H. Loew

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; novel coronavirus; 3D printing; N95; respirator; mask

Online: 31 March 2020 (04:44:06 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, Radiographic Signs and Outcomes of 52,251 Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ali Pormohammad, Saeed Ghorbani, Behzad Baradaran, Alireza Khatam, Raymond Turner, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Demetrios N. Kyriacou, Juan-Pablo Idrovo, Nathan C. Bahr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; meta-analysis

Online: 16 March 2020 (01:06:04 CET)

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Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is very contagious, and can be transmitted to other people by droplet, aerosol, sneezing, infected surface, and cough. There is no vaccine or effective treatment at this time. Therefore, the prevention of COVID-19 and the rapid diagnosis of infected patients is crucial. Method: We searched all relevant literature published up to February 28, 2020, from Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library to collect the studies that reported clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 infected patients. The study quality was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Checklist. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed-effect models to analyze the appropriateness of the pooled results. Result: Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis, including a total of 52,251 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. 69.5% (95% CI 54.5-81, p < 0.001) of patients had a history of recent travel to Wuhan, contact with people from Wuhan, or lived in Wuhan. The most common symptoms among COVID-19 infected patients were fever 85.6 % (95% CI 73 -93, p < 0.001), and cough 63 % (95% CI 55.5-70, p < 0.001), respectively. The laboratory analysis showed that thrombocytosis was present in 91% (95% CI 81-98, p < 0.001) CRP was elevated in 81% (95% CI 65-91, p < 0.001), and lymphopenia in 62.5% of cases (95% CI 42-79, p < 0.001). The most common radiographic signs were bilateral involvement in 76.8% (95% CI 62.5-87, p < 0.001) and consolidation in 75.5% (95% CI 50.5-91, p < 0.001) of patients. Most patients (85.4%) were hospitalized, 20.6% of patients were admitted to the ICU in critical condition, and the mortality rate was 5.6%. Conclusions: Fever and cough are the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection in the literature published to date. Thombocytosis, lymphopenia, and increased CRP were common lab findings although most patients included in the overall analysis did not have laboratory values reported. The most common radiographic sign was bilateral involvement in and consolidation. Among Chinese patients with COVID-19, rates of hospitalization, critical condition, and hospitalization were high in this study, but these findings may be biased by reporting only confirmed cases.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics on Blockage of Key Drug Targets as Treatment for COVID-19 Caused by SARS-CoV-2

Ailan Huang, Xue Tang, Huimin Wu, Jun Zhang, Wanqi Wang, Zhiwei Wang, Li Song, Min-an Zhai, Lihui Zhao, Hailong Yang, Xiaohui Ma, Shuiping Zhou, Jinyong Cai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; 3CLpro; PLpro; RdRp; AAK1; inhibitor; dock; molecular dynamics

Online: 15 March 2020 (02:34:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0085.v1

Structural Elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 Vital Proteins: Computational Methods Reveal Potential Drug Candidates Against Main Protease, Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase and Nsp13 Helicase

Muhammad Usman Mirza, Matheus Froeyen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; CoV-Mpro; CoV-Nsp12 polymerase; CoV-Nsp13 helicase

Online: 5 March 2020 (11:50:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0308.v1

Pharmacoinformatics and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies Reveal Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease 3CL^pro

Mubarak A. Alamri, Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar, Safar M. Alqahtani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 3CL protease; molecular docking; molecular dynamics and simulations

Online: 23 February 2020 (02:17:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0334.v1

Beyond Ethylene: New Insights Regarding the Role of AOX in the Respiratory Climacteric

Seanna Hewitt, Amit Dhingra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ethylene; ripening; alternative oxidase; alternative respiration; post-harvest; phytohormone; system 2 ethylene; fruit

Online: 27 November 2019 (06:46:00 CET)

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