ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0411.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Analytical Chemistry
Keywords:
lithium-ion battery; silicon nanoparticles; nitrogen-doped graphene; carbon nanofibers; anode material
Online: 15 June 2021 (14:48:47 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0176.v1
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Acoustics
Keywords:
lithium niobate microring resonator; silicon nitride waveguide; photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching
Online: 4 November 2020 (08:45:06 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0307.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
Solid State Electrolyte; Submicron Powders; Garnet; Lithium Ion Conductivity; Solid-State Batteries
Online: 23 December 2019 (13:07:38 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0321.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
lithium-ion battery; safety; separator; coaxial electrospinning; dual-nozzle; core-shell nanofiber
Online: 28 July 2019 (17:00:49 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0346.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Energy And Fuel Technology
Keywords:
state of charge; state of health; model identification; estimation; lithium-ion battery
Online: 22 June 2018 (05:58:02 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0094.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
lithium-ion batteries; anode materials; MnO; co-precipitation; T-shaped microchannel reactor
Online: 11 May 2017 (07:49:10 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1377.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
crystal growth; Czochralskii method; lithium-sodium-molybdate; nonlinear optic crystal; second harmonic generation
Online: 19 August 2024 (16:43:53 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1131.v1
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Chemical Physics
Keywords:
Lithium-ion batteries; State of Charge; State of Health; Aging Effects; Simulation process
Online: 17 June 2024 (11:16:20 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0647.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Automotive Engineering
Keywords:
lithium-ion battery; battery modeling; equivalent circuit model; electric vehicle; dynamic simulation; Modelica
Online: 9 April 2024 (10:11:54 CEST)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1164.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
Nanotechnology; Green synthesis; Metals; Bio-reductants; Lithium-ion batteries; Supercapacitors; Photocatalysts; Cancer therapy.
Online: 18 October 2023 (12:27:03 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1987.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Chemical Engineering
Keywords:
LATP powders; Composite solid electrolytes; Garnet-type powders; LLZTO powders; Lithium metal batteries
Online: 30 August 2023 (04:45:13 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0351.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Electrochemistry
Keywords:
Li-rich oxide; surface coating; cerium oxide; low temperature aging; lithium-ion battery
Online: 14 April 2023 (04:47:33 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0527.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Control And Systems Engineering
Keywords:
Microgrid; DC/DC converter; Lithium-ion battery; PV array; solar cell; MPPT controller.
Online: 28 December 2022 (03:38:34 CET)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0380.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
lithium rich layered oxides; secondary aprotic batteries; positive electrode materials; Li-ion; cathodes.
Online: 21 December 2022 (03:36:22 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0335.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
lithium-sulfur batteries; single-walled carbon nanohorns; long cycle life; sustainable synthesis process
Online: 21 October 2022 (11:24:47 CEST)
ARTICLE
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Acoustics
Keywords:
pyroelectricity; temperature modulation; molecular ferroelectrics; non-contact measurement; thermal diffusion model; lithium niobate
Online: 30 July 2021 (09:22:29 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0232.v2
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Electrochemistry
Keywords:
Lithium-ion-cell; Electrode dilation; Mechanical strain; Cell-format; Layer resolved mechanical simulation
Online: 12 May 2021 (14:06:24 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0201.v2
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
lithium ion battery; safety; flame retardant; separator; electrospun fibers; dual-nozzle coaxial electrospinning
Online: 17 September 2019 (12:19:49 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0283.v1
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Optics And Photonics
Keywords:
lithium niobate microdisk resonator; controllable wedge angle; high quality factors; chemo-mechanical polish
Online: 25 July 2019 (08:01:27 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0119.v1
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Optics And Photonics
Keywords:
lithium niobate; waveguide; photonic integrated circuit; propagation loss; optical lithography; chemo-mechanical polishing
Online: 7 October 2018 (10:34:27 CEST)
TECHNICAL NOTE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0247.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
lithium ion battery; electric vehicle; battery management system; Internet of Things; State-of-Charge
Online: 3 July 2024 (04:09:28 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1801.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
li-ion; safe lithium-ion battery; shear thickening electrolyte; polymer electrolytes; impact resistant batteries
Online: 26 June 2024 (03:02:30 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0321.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Automotive Engineering
Keywords:
Battery bank optimization; Battery management system; Electric vehicles; Lithium-ion batteries; Response surface methods
Online: 6 June 2024 (05:47:50 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0502.v1
Subject:
Business, Economics And Management,
Business And Management
Keywords:
Electric Vehicle (EV), Lithium-ion Battery, Core Competency, Industrial Cluster, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, China
Online: 8 May 2024 (15:36:37 CEST)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1329.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Chemical Engineering
Keywords:
solid state battery; battery electrodes; solid state electrolyte; lithium ionic flow enhancement; battery sustainability
Online: 20 October 2023 (10:27:36 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0639.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Organic Chemistry
Keywords:
N-tosylhydrazones; 1H-dibenzo[e,g]indazoles; intramolecular cycloaddition; lithium tert-butoxide; hydrogen bonds
Online: 11 October 2023 (03:59:02 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0283.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Chemical Engineering
Keywords:
lithium-ion batteries; LIB; LiFePO4; electric vehicles; Cahn–Hilliard; principal component analysis; neural networks
Online: 5 June 2023 (09:01:49 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0249.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
Artificial neural network; Lithium plating quantification; Equivalent circuit model; Parameter identification; Feature parameters extraction
Online: 4 May 2023 (09:59:43 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0181.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
state-of-charge; lithium battery; fractional order robust unscented Kalman filter; adaptive genetic algorithm
Online: 11 April 2023 (03:30:10 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0522.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
lithium battery; electrochemical power sources; diagnostics; battery management system; load variation; in situ method
Online: 31 December 2021 (12:59:15 CET)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0121.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
zinc oxide; hierarchical nanostructures; solution phase synthesis; photocatalysis; field emission; sensor; lithium ion batteries
Online: 17 October 2017 (17:03:24 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1725.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Automotive Engineering
Keywords:
State of Charge (SOC); Machine Learning Algorithm; Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Battery; Accurate Soc Estimation
Online: 23 August 2024 (18:52:21 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1968.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
Lithium-ion; Battery state-of-health; dynamic operation profile; partial charges; random selection; linear regression
Online: 30 April 2024 (06:58:36 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1793.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
lithium-ion battery; state of health (SOH); deep learning; neural network; charging curve; ageing scenarios
Online: 29 March 2024 (07:28:21 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0928.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy
Keywords:
aluminum-silver powder; gallium; lithium chloride; high energy ball milling; aqueous chlorine solution; hydrogen generation.
Online: 11 January 2024 (13:17:40 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1519.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Electrochemistry
Keywords:
atmospheric plasma solution synthesis; lithium-ion batteries; FeOOH anode material; conversion metal oxide anodes; polyaniline
Online: 24 November 2023 (05:41:56 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1697.v1
Subject:
Biology And Life Sciences,
Neuroscience And Neurology
Keywords:
temporal lobe epilepsy; anakinra; lithium–pilocarpine model; behavior; epileptogenesis; hippocampus; spontaneous recurrent seizures; neuronal loss
Online: 26 September 2023 (05:16:16 CEST)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1178.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
electric vehicle; lithium-ion battery; supercapacitor; power converter; hybrid energy storage system; energy management system
Online: 28 April 2023 (11:24:10 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0452.v2
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Optics And Photonics
Keywords:
silicon; nanowire; lithium; second harmonic generation; multiphoton; non-centrosymmetric; inversion symmetry; polarization; electric dipole moment.
Online: 28 September 2021 (08:21:03 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0139.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
li-rich layered oxide; cathode materials; voltage attenuation; lithium-ion batteries; solid-state complexation method
Online: 10 December 2019 (15:51:04 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0222.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Energy And Fuel Technology
Keywords:
Lithium ion battery pack; state of charge; square root; unscented Kalman filter; adaptive covariance matching
Online: 10 October 2018 (14:45:10 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2038.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Electrochemistry
Keywords:
lithium metal batteries; dendrite growth; numerical simulation; diffusion-limited aggregation; electric field biasing; MRI; battery safety
Online: 25 July 2024 (12:09:35 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1817.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Other
Keywords:
Deep Learning; Remaining Useful Life; Lithium-Ion Batteries; Battery Management Systems; Recycling and Reuse; Battery Degradation
Online: 25 January 2024 (10:40:34 CET)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0319.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
lithium iron phosphate (LFP); nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM); cathode materials; power battery; cycle life; attenuation mechanism
Online: 3 August 2023 (09:30:37 CEST)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0711.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
Second use; Reuse; Lithium-Ion Batteries; Second-Life Batteries; Standards; Technical Standards; Regulations; Legislation; Circular Economy.
Online: 9 June 2023 (11:29:36 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0157.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
lithium-rich layered oxide; cathode material; 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.8Ni0.1Co0.1O2; voltage decay; co-precipitation method; sol–gel method
Online: 12 December 2019 (02:05:17 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.3390/sci1020039
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Electrochemistry
Keywords:
hydrothermal reaction; nanoparticles; Li2TiO3; anode; ionic transport; lithium batteries
Online: 10 July 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)
COMMUNICATION
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0072.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Energy And Fuel Technology
Keywords:
Electroconductive additive; Sulfur cathode; Aluminum-foam current collector; Areal capacity; C-rate capability; Lithium-ion battery
Online: 8 January 2019 (15:19:26 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0180.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
Ionic liquids; N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; Poly(EthyleneOxide); Polymer electrolytes; Lithium polymer batteries
Online: 12 June 2018 (10:02:49 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0180.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Materials Science And Technology
Keywords:
lithium-ion batteries, water-based binders; styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); silicon; graphite; anode
Online: 27 February 2018 (11:07:11 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0737.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Biomaterials
Keywords:
Shear bond strength; bonding agent; one- vs. two bottles; resin luting materials; lithium disilicate ceramics; Durability
Online: 9 July 2024 (13:22:46 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1030.v1
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Optics And Photonics
Keywords:
Terahertz; Metamaterial sensor; Quasi-bound state in the continuum; Lithium citrate; Bovine serum albumin; Limit of detection
Online: 15 May 2024 (10:51:29 CEST)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0002.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
titanium dioxide; crystal structure; surface/interface structure; photocatalysis; lithium/sodium ion batteries; Li-S batteries; phase stability
Online: 1 October 2017 (06:11:58 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0212.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
Electric Buses; DC Fast Charging; Flash Charging; Battery Health; State of Health; State of Charge; Lithium-ion batteries
Online: 2 July 2024 (10:15:05 CEST)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1588.v1
Subject:
Environmental And Earth Sciences,
Sustainable Science And Technology
Keywords:
hydrogen; Australia’ s net-zero strategy; energy transition; energy storage; hydrogen fuel cell; lithium-ion rechargeable battery
Online: 28 February 2024 (08:18:04 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0689.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Automotive Engineering
Keywords:
Electric Vehicle. Fuel Cell. Lithium Battery. Hybrid Power System. Energy Efficiency Improvement. Energy Reduction. Power System Management. Optimization.
Online: 9 January 2024 (11:06:27 CET)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1447.v1
Subject:
Medicine And Pharmacology,
Dentistry And Oral Surgery
Keywords:
fracture; chipping; Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; endocrown; veneered fixed dental prosthesis; monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2); all-ceramic single crown
Online: 19 December 2023 (15:58:30 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2152.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
Second-life; Circular Economy; Lithium-ion battery; Battery Life Cycle; Battery Passport; State of Health; Mobile applications; Electric Vehicle
Online: 31 January 2024 (10:09:33 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1792.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
lithium–ion battery; silicon anode; carbon nanomaterials; silica coating; yolk–shell structure; surface protected etching; template method; polydopamine coating
Online: 28 November 2023 (10:27:06 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1576.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Polymers And Plastics
Keywords:
polymer inclusion membranes; iron(III); nickel(II); cobalt(II); lithium(II); ionic liquids; tetrabutyl ammonium bromide(TBAB); separation processes
Online: 24 July 2023 (10:58:58 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0418.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Automotive Engineering
Keywords:
large sized lithium-ion battery; physic-based model; life prediction; scale-up model; reduced order cell model; electric vehicles
Online: 18 September 2020 (04:29:49 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0121.v1
Subject:
Physical Sciences,
Atomic And Molecular Physics
Keywords:
one-center method, molecular orbital, higher harmonics, excited state, ionized state, linear molecule, hydrogen fluoride, lithium monofluoride, boron monofluoride
Online: 11 December 2018 (09:37:53 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0013.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry
Keywords:
lithium titanium oxide; mechanochemistry; high energy ball milling; X-ray diffraction; Rietveld refinement; 6Li SPE MAS NMR; impedance spectroscopy
Online: 1 October 2018 (14:20:29 CEST)
REVIEW
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1157.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Electrochemistry
Keywords:
capacitance; state-of-charge (SOC) determination; state-of-health (SOH); aging; lithium-ion battery; supercapacitor; impedance; life testing; battery capacity
Online: 17 April 2024 (13:31:12 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0226.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Energy And Fuel Technology
Keywords:
Lithium-ion battery; smart materials; phase change material; latent thermal energy storage; bat-tery temperature management system; direct metal laser sintering
Online: 5 June 2023 (03:08:05 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0054.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Energy And Fuel Technology
Keywords:
lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery; remaining useful life (RUL); health indicator (HI); generalized regression neural network (GRNN); non-linear autoregressive (NAR)
Online: 7 January 2020 (09:17:28 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1252.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Transportation Science And Technology
Keywords:
Hybrid Electric Vehicle; Dual Power Source; Renewable Energies; Lithium Battery; Fuel Cell; Photovoltaic System; Battery Management; Driving Range; Efficiency Improvement; Cost Saving
Online: 18 April 2024 (11:20:39 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1430.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Nanotechnology
Keywords:
goethite nanoparticles; impedance spectroscopy; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectros-copy (FT-IR); visible-light activated photocatalyst; cathode active material; sodium-ion batteries; lithium-ion batteries
Online: 21 August 2023 (07:21:12 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0697.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Automotive Engineering
Keywords:
Battery Electric Vehicles; Thermal Runaway; Crashworthiness; Multi-Physics Simulation; Finite Element Analysis; Thermal-Electric-Mechanical Coupling; Randles Circuit; Lithium-ion battery; Full Vehicle Crash Simulation
Online: 9 July 2024 (07:00:25 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1245.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Energy And Fuel Technology
Keywords:
Water-cooled Lithium-Lead; breeding blanket; first wall; pressurized water reactor; boiling water reactor; steady state; poloidal locations; Tritium Breeding Ratio; subcooled boiling; saturated boiling
Online: 18 December 2023 (05:53:46 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0312.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Automotive Engineering
Keywords:
Bayesian Network; Root Cause Analysis; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; Lithium-Ion 15 Battery Cell; Failure Propagation; Multi-Stage Production; Manufacturing Process; Process Optimization; Scrap Rate
Online: 14 December 2020 (09:31:30 CET)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1200.v1
Subject:
Engineering,
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Keywords:
Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles; Hybrid Electric Vehicles; Battery Electric Vehicle; Electric Vehicles; Plug-in Electric Vehicles; Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles; Electric Drive Vehicle; Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor; State-of-Charge; Battery Thermal Management System; lithium-ion batteries
Online: 18 June 2024 (08:06:45 CEST)
ARTICLE
|
doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0088.v1
Subject:
Chemistry And Materials Science,
Biomaterials
Keywords:
There are many molecules used as drug carrier. TUD-1 is a newly synthesized mesoporous silica (SM) molecule possess two important features; consists of mesoporous so it is very suitable to be drug carrier in addition to that it has the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the effect of TUD-1 appears to act as cell death inducer, regardless of whether it is necrosis or apoptosis. Unfortunately, recent studies indicate that a proportion of cells undergo necrosis rather than apoptosis, which limits the use of TUD-1 as a secure treatment. On the other hand, lithium considered as necrosis inhibitor element. Hence, current study based on the idea of production a new Li/TUD-1 by incorporated mesoporous silica (TUD-1 type) with lithium in order to produce a new compound that has the ability to activate apoptosis by mesoporous silica (TUD-1 type) and at the same time can inhibit the activity of necrosis by lithium. Herein, lithium was incorporated in TUD-1 mesoporous silica by
Online: 4 October 2018 (15:54:02 CEST)