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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0235.v1

Database of COVID-19 Cases Treated with Classical Homeopathy

Seema Mahesh, Petr Hoffmann, Cristiane Kajimura, IACH COVID Collaborators, George Vithoulkas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Homeopathy; Database

Online: 13 January 2023 (04:33:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0577.v1

Effects of Toll Like Receptor Agonists and SARS-Cov-2 Antigens on Interferon (IFN) Expression by Peripheral Blood CD3+ T Cells in COVID-19 Patients

Samaneh A Abdolmohammadi-Vahid, Behzad Baradaran, Armin Sadeghi, Gilina Bezemer, Fatemeh K Kiaee, Ian Adcock, Gert Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Esmaeil Mortaz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: TLR; IFN; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 30 December 2022 (09:13:21 CET)

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Background: Signaling by toll like receptors (TLRs) initiates important immune responses against viral infection. The role of TLRs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is not well elucidated. Thus, we investigated the interaction of TLRs agonists and SARS-COV-2 antigens with immune cells in vitro. Material & methods: 30 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (15 severe and 15 moderate) and 10 age and sex matched control (HC) were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and activated with TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 agonists, the spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 and the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) unit of SP. Frequencies of CD3⁺IFN-β⁺ T cells, and CD3⁺IFN-g⁺ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Interferon (IFN)-b gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: The frequency of CD3+IFN-β+ T cells was higher in moderate and severe patients at baseline in comparison with HCs. Stimulation of PBMCs from moderate patients with SP and TLR8 agonist significantly upregulated the frequency of CD3+IFN-β+ T cells (P=0.0005 and 0.0024, respectively) when compared to non-stimulated (NS) samples. The greatest increase in CD3⁺IFN-b⁺ T cell frequency in PBMCs from severe patients was seen with TLR8 and TLR7 agonists when compared to NS (P= 0.003 and 0.0167, respectively). TLR stimulation did not significantly enhance the frequency of CD3+IFN-g+ T cells generated from PBMCs from moderate and severe patients compared with unstimulated controls. However, the frequency of CD3+IFN-ɣ+ T cells in PBMCs from moderate patients was upregulated by agonists of TLR3, 8 and 9, SP and RBD when compared with NS samples from HCs. The expression of the IFN-β gene after stimulation of CD3⁺T cells with the TLR8 agonist was also up-regulated in moderate than severe patients (moderate vs. severe: p=0.0006). In addition, stimulation of CD3⁺ T cells with SP, up-regulated the expression of IFN-β gene expression in cells from patients with moderate disease (moderate vs. severe: p=0.01). Conclusion: Stimulation of PBMCs from COVID-19 patients with a TLR8 agonist and with SP enhanced IFN-b protein and gene levels. This may potentiate immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent viral replication and spread.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0471.v1

High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children in Vietnam: An Observational, Hospital-based Study

Dien Minh Tran, Uyen Tu Vu, Canh Ngoc Hoang, Ha Thu Thi Nguyen, Phu Huy Nguyen, Mai Chi Thi Tran, Anh Ngoc Chu, Phuc Huu Phan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: children; seroprevalence; antibodies; SARS-CoV-2; Vietnam

Online: 31 October 2022 (07:37:55 CET)

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Background: The robustness of sero-surveillence has delineated the high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children; however, these existing data showed wide variation. This study aimed to identify the serostatus of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and associated factors among children following the fourth pandemic wave in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital (VNCH) between March 13 and April 3, 2022. 4,032 eligible children seeking medical care for any medical condition not related to acute Covid-19 infections was tested for IgG SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies by ADVIA Centaur® SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) assay using the residuals of routine blood samples. Results: The median age of enrolled children was 39 (IQR=14-82) months. The overall seropositive prevalence was 59.2%, and the median antibody titer was 4.78 [IQR 2.38-9.57] UI/mL. The risk of seropositivity and the median antibody titer was not related to gender (58.6% versus 60.1%, 4.9 versus 4.6 UI/mL, all p>0.05). Among age groups, the highest seroprevalence was reported in the children aged 13 to <36 months old. Children aged ≤12 months were likely to be seropositive compared to children aged 36 to <60 months (59.2% versus 57.5%, p=0.49) and those aged ≥144 months (59.2% versus 65.5%, p=0.16). Children aged ≥144 months exhibited a significantly higher titer of protective COVID-19 antibodies than other age groups (p <0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, we observed independent factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, including the age 13 to <36 months (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.06-1.56, p=0.01), 60 to <144 months (OR=79, 95%CI=0.67-0.95, p=0.01), ≥144 months (OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.21-2.8, p=0.005), the presence of infected household members (OR=2.36, 95%CI=2.06–2.70, p<0.001), participants from Hanoi (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.34-1.77, p<0.001), underlying conditions (OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.60-0.85, p<=0.001), and using corticosteroids or immunosuppressants (OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.48-0.86, p=0.003). Conclusions: This study highlights a high seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among children seeking medical care for non-COVID-19-related conditions in a tertiary children’s hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. In the context of reopening in-person schools and future emerged COVID-19 variants, this point will also be a key message about the necessity of “rush-out” immunization coverage for children, especially those under the age of three years.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0241.v1

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Circulating between April-December 2021 in Italy

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Carla Della Ventura, Stefano Menzo, Bianca Bruzzone, Fabio Sagradi, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Alessandro Weisz, Nicola Clementi, Gaetano Brindicci, Ilaria Vicenti, Lolita Sasset, Sara Caucci, Benedetta Corvaro, Silvia Ippoliti, Carla Acciarri, Vanessa De Pace, Leonardo Lanfranchi, Maria Concetta Bellocchi, Giorgio Giurato, Roberto Ferrarese, Antonella Lagioia, Daniela Francisci, Martina Laura Colombo, Samuel Lazzarin, Matilde Ogliastro, Maria Rosa Cappelletti, Marco Iannetta, Francesca Rizzo, Carmen Rita Santoro, Chiara Fraccalvieri, Sophie Testa, Luca Carioti, Teresa Rocco, Annalisa Saracino, Annamaria Cattelan, Massimo Clementi, Loredana Sarmati, Agostino Riva, Spinello Antinori, Gianguglielmo Zehender

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: variants circulation; SARS-CoV-2; Italy; epidemiology

Online: 16 September 2022 (08:07:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0430.v1

Anticipating the Next Chess Move: Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Simultaneously Disarming Viral Escape Mechanisms

Samir Mansour Moraes Casseb, André Salim Khayat, Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza, Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; siRNA; Treatment

Online: 25 August 2022 (10:00:27 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic initiated a race to determine the best measures to control the disease and to save as many people as possible. Efforts to implement social distancing, the use of masks, and massive vaccination programs turned out to be essential in reducing the devastating effects of the pandemic. Nevertheless, the high mutation rates of SARS-CoV-2 challenge the vaccination strategy and maintain the threat of new outbreaks due to the risk of infection surges and even lethal variations able to resist the effects of vaccines and upset the balance. Most of the new therapies tested against SARS-CoV-2 came from already available formulations developed to treat other diseases, so they were not specifically developed for SARS-CoV-2. In parallel, the knowledge produced regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease was vast due to massive efforts worldwide. Taking advantage of such a vast molecular understanding of virus genomes and disease mechanisms, a targeted molecular therapy based on siRNA specifically developed to reach exclusive SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences was tested in a non-transformed human cell model. Since coronavirus can escape from siRNA by producing siRNA inhibitors, a complex strategy to simultaneously strike both the viral infectious mechanism and the capability of evading siRNA therapy was developed. The combined administration of the chosen produced siRNA proved to be highly effective in successfully reducing viral load and keeping virus replication under control, even after many days of treatment, unlike the combinations of siRNAs lacking this anti-anti-siRNA capability. Additionally, the developed therapy did not harm the normal cells, which was demonstrated because, instead of testing the siRNA in nonhuman cells or in transformed human cells, a non-transformed human thyroid cell was specifically chosen for the experiment. The proposed siRNA combination deeply reduced the viral load throughout the experiment and allowed cellular recovery, thus representing a potential innovation, to be considered as an additional weapon for therapy of COVID-19 and even other infectious diseases.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0051.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Intermittent Virulence as A Result of Natural Selection

Alberto Rubio-Casillas, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; variant of concern

Online: 4 July 2022 (10:28:04 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0253.v1

No Signs of Excessive Burnout in Public Forest Officers Working in the Temperate Region During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Ernest Bielinis, Emilia Janeczko, Aneta Anna Omelan, Grażyna Furgała-Selezniow

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: burnout; foresters; OLBI; Sars-Cov-2; work

Online: 19 May 2022 (08:01:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0225.v1

Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Arbidol in Patients with COVID-19

Yujiao Bai, Xianqin Zhang, Meng Yang, Lin Zhang, Xu Jia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; arbidol; treatment

Online: 26 April 2022 (04:07:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0408.v1

Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Osteoclast Differentiation, Activity, and Cortical Bone Formation in Postmenopausal MRONJ Patient

Sung-Min Park, Jae-Hoon Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes; Osteoporosis; Bisphosphonate; MRONJ; Osteoclast

Online: 31 March 2022 (13:44:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0388.v1

Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica

Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: snow; albedo; total ozone; MSI; S-2

Online: 22 September 2021 (15:25:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0654.v1

Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Space and Time During the First Phase of the Epidemic in Italy

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Stefano Toppo, Marina Morganti, Stefano Menzo, Valeria Ghisetti, Bianca Bruzzone, Mauro Codeluppi, Vito Fiore, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Guido Antonelli, Loredana Sarmati, Gaetano Brindicci, Annapaola Callegaro, Caterina Sagnelli, Daniela Francisci, Ilaria Vicenti, Arianna Miola, Giovanni Tonon, Daniela Cirillo, Ilaria Menozzi, Sara Caucci, Francesco Cerutti, Andrea Orsi, Roberta Schiavo, Sergio Babudieri, Giuseppe Nunnari, Claudio M. Mastroianni, Massimo Andreoni, Laura Monno, Davide Guarneri, Nicola Coppola, Andrea Crisanti, Massimo Galli, Gianguglielmo Zehender

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; viral variants; molecular tracing

Online: 29 July 2021 (12:23:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0256.v1

Disrupting Mitochondrial Electron Transfer Chain Complex I Decreases Immune Checkpoints in Murine and Human Acute Myeloid Leukemic Cells

Raquel Luna-Yolba, Justine Marmoiton, Véronique Gigo, Xavier Marechal, Emeline Boet, Ambrine Sahal, Nathalie Alet, Ifat Abramovich, Eyal Gottlieb, Virgile Visentin, Michael R. Paillasse, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: OxPHOS 1; Immune-checkpoints 2; AML 3.

Online: 9 June 2021 (10:58:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0556.v1

Super-Resolution of Sentinel-2 Images at 10m Resolution without Reference Images

Yunhe Li, Bo Li

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: super-resolution; generative adversarial network; Sentinel-2

Online: 21 April 2021 (08:25:54 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0122.v1

Gastrointestinal Manifestation of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an Immunocompromised Dog

Elizabeth M. Lennon, Alfonso Oceguera, Eli Braun, Stephen D. Cole, Nolan V. Chalifoux, Jillian Whelan, Nuala Meyer, Kimberly Slensky, Andreanne Cleroux, Susan R. Weiss, Una O'Doherty, Shelley C. Rankin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; canine; gastrointestinal; infection; virus

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:23:45 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0596.v1

Treatment of Covid-19 with Minocycline and a Guanosine-Restricted Diet: Case Report

Steven Baranowitz, Marie Nrekaj

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug repurposing

Online: 23 December 2020 (15:58:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0203.v4

Face Masks Against COVID-19: An Evidence Review

Jeremy Howard, Austin Huang, Zhiyuan Li, Zeynep Tufekci, Vladimir Zdimal, Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen, Arne von Delft, Amy Price, Lex Fridman, Lei-Han Tang, Viola Tang, Gregory L. Watson, Christina E. Bax, Reshama Shaikh, Frederik Questier, Danny Hernandez, Larry F. Chu, Christina M. Ramirez, Anne W. Rimoin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; masks; pandemic

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:18:00 CET)

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The science around the use of masks by the general public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. Policymakers need guidance on how masks should be used by the general population to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, considering and synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact; transmission characteristics; source control; PPE; sociological considerations; and implementation considerations. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory droplets, and is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: first, limit contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures, and second, reduce the transmission probability per contact. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces the transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected droplets in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high. The decreased transmissibility could substantially reduce the death toll and economic impact while the cost of the intervention is low. Given the current shortages of medical masks we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory droplets become smaller due to evaporation, we recommend increasing focus on a previously overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask-wearing by infectious people ("source control") with benefits at the population-level, rather than mask-wearing by susceptible people, such as health-care workers, with focus on individual outcomes. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0114.v1

Role of Cigarette Smoke on ACE-2 Protein Membrane Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells Using an Air-Liquid Interface Model

Massimo Caruso, Alfio Distefano, Rosalia Emma, Michelino Di Rosa, Giuseppe Carota, Sonja Rust, Riccardo Polosa, Pietro Zuccarello, Margherita Ferrante, Giuseppina Raciti, Giovanni Li Volti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ACE-2; nicotine; smoke; cigarette; epithelial cells.

Online: 6 October 2020 (09:43:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0040.v2

Expression Pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Respiratory Tract

Yichuan Liu, Hui-Qi Qu, Jingchun Qu, Lifeng Tian, Hakon Hakonarson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; TMPRSS2

Online: 28 September 2020 (03:19:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0487.v1

COVID-19 Mortality Risk Assessment among Various Age Groups using Phylogenetic Analysis

Pawan Verma, Rasha Elkaffas, Oluwasefunmi C. Shodunke, Pavlo Hrab, Oluwatobiloba H. Adebayo, Humaira Marzia Alam, Wilson Gbedema, Mosadoluwa A. Agbonyin, Ahmed M. Osman, Joseph O. Igbokwe, Harinath Sudarsanam, Ayodeji Adepoju, Ohilebo A. Abass, Sola R. Olorunfemi, Sarah O. Oladejo, Sonaike Semilogo, Jairo Hurtado, Shahida Ferdousee, Josiah Aminu Peter, Adetutu D. Oluwasanmi, Sheriff T. Agbaje, Alexandra Sheen, Mukul Sharma, Opeyemi Ibitoye, Ahmed El-Gammal, Olaleye T. Olutunde, Meera Krishna, Tracy-allen M. Ezechukwu, Sarah H. Carl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Phylogenetics; mortality

Online: 21 September 2020 (03:35:15 CEST)

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The age-related mortality and morbidity risk of COVID-19 has been considered speculative without enough scientific evidence. This study aimed to collect more evidence on the association between patient age and risk of severe disease state and/or mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genomic dataset along with metadata (3608 samples) retrieved from GISAID from different geographical regions were grouped into 10 age groups (0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80, 81-90, 91-100 years) as well as high-risk or low-risk according to patient clinical status. Genomic sequences were aligned and analyzed using MAFFT and FASTTREE to build a phylogenetic tree in order to identify age-risk associations based on phylogenetic clustering. Case fatality rates (CFR), as well as the Odds ratio (OR) for high-risk outcomes, were calculated for different age groups. Results revealed that individuals aged between 25-50 years have the best immune response to the infection. On the other hand, disease fatality was higher in patients aging above 50 years. We created an application to calculate the OR of being at high risk given a certain age threshold from GISAID datasets. OR values increased between ages 1-10 years (1.271) and 11-20 years (1.313) but reduced at age range 21-30 years (1.290) and increased again for 61-70 years (2.465). CFR calculated for each of the age groups had peak values at 90-100 years (26.8%) and the lowest at 0-10 years (0%). The CFR for ages above 50 years was about twice greater (11.6%-26.8%) than that for ages below (0-6.6%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of samples obtained from India showed low-risk among different age groups and were defined as clade GH. Another cluster from Singapore visualization showed unfavorable patient outcome across several age groups and were classified under clade O. To conclude, this study analyses showed a variety of age-risk associations. As scientists from different countries upload more genomes to globally shared databases, more evidence will reinforce mortality risk associations in COVID-19 patients.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0659.v1

Noisy Genome Data and Faulty Clade Statistics Undermine Conclusions on SARS-CoV-2 Evolution and Strain Typing in the Brazilian Epidemy: A Technical Note

Marcelo R. S. Briones, Fernando Antoneli, Renata C. Ferreira, Isabel M. V. G. Carvalho, Luiz M. R. Janini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Viral Evolution

Online: 30 August 2020 (11:22:12 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Bringing Onco-innovation to Europe's Healthcare Systems: The Potential of Biomarker Testing, Real World Evidence, Tumour Agnostic Therapies to Empower Personalised Medicine

Denis Horgan, Gennaro Ciliberto, Pierfranco Conte, Giuseppe Curigliano, Luis Seijo, Luis M. Montuenga, Marina Garassino, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Fabrizia Galli, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Denis Querleu, Peter Riegman, Keith Kerr, Hendrik Van Poppel, Anders Bjartell, Giovanni Codacci-Pisanelli, Benedikt Westphalen, Jasmina Koeva-Balabanova, Angelo Paradiso, Zorana Maravic, Vassiliki Fotaki, Nuria Malats, Chiara Bernini, Simonetta Buglioni, Alastair Kent, Elisabetta Munzone, Ivica Belina, Jan Van Meerbeeck, Michael Duffy, Beata Jagielska, Ettore Capoluongo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer biomarkers; BRCA1/2; genomics; European recommendation

Online: 18 August 2020 (16:30:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0307.v1

Bringing onco-innovation to Europe’s healthcare systems: the unexploited potential of biomarker testing, real world evidence and the potential of Tumour Agnostics. The lesson from BRCA1/2 genetic testing

Denis Horgan, Gennaro CILIBERTO, Pierfranco Conte, Giuseppe CURIGLIANO, Luis Seijo, Luis M. Montuenga, Luis Paz-Ares, Marina Chiara Garassino, Penault-Llorca Frederique, Fabrizia GALLI, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Denis Querleu, David R. Baldwin, Susana Banerjee, Peter H.J. Riegman, Keith Kerr, Benjamin Horbach, Reinhard Büttner, Hendrik Van Poppel, Anders Bjartell, Giovanni Codacci-Pisanelli, Westphalen Christoph Benedikt, Fabien CALVO, Jasmina Koeva-Balabanova, Stephen Hall, Angelo Virgilio Paradiso, Dipak. Kalra, Christa M. Cobbaert, Rocio Varea Mendez, Zorana Maravic, Vassiliki Fotaki, Jaafar Bennouna, Estelle Cauchin, Núria Malats, Iñaki Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea, Benjamin Gannon, Ken Mastris, Chiara Benini, William M. Gallagher, Simonetta Buglioni, Alastair Kent, Elisabetta Munzone, Ivica Belina, Jan P. van Meerbeeck, Michael Joe Duffy, Elzbieta. Sarnowska, Beata Jagielska, Sarah Mee, Ettore Domenico Capoluongo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer biomarkers, BRCA1/2, genomics; European recommendation

Online: 14 August 2020 (04:27:45 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0270.v1

Use of Isoelectric Point for Fast Identification of Anti-SARS CoV-2 Coronavirus Proteins

Kanad Mallik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: isoelectric point; anti-viral; SARS CoV-2

Online: 16 May 2020 (16:51:36 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0061.v1

Lysosomotropic Active Compounds—Hidden Protection against COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

Markus Blaess, Lars Kaiser, Martin Sauer, Hans-Peter Deigner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Lysosomotropism; Chloroquine

Online: 5 May 2020 (04:29:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0532.v1

Potential Role of Cellular Senescence on Coronavirus Infections

Prem Chapagain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cellular senescence; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; aging

Online: 30 April 2020 (13:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0363.v2

Neutrophil Involvement in Covid-19

Athanasios Didangelos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-Cov-2; inflammation; neutrophil

Online: 22 April 2020 (06:23:01 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Mycophenolate Mofetil Is Active Against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 Cells

Yang He, Rongjuan Pei, Zhijian Xu, Zhen Chen, Shuqi Xiao, Han Xia, Jin Xiong, Weiliang Zhu, Bo Zhang, Jingshan Shen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: mycophenolate mofetil; SARS-CoV-2; DHODH; IMPDH2

Online: 21 April 2020 (08:19:11 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0304.v1

Neurological Complications of Pandemic COVID-19: What Have We Got So Far?

Isabelle Pastor Bandeira, Marco Antônio Machado Schlindwein, Leticia Caroline Breis, Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron, Marcus Vinicius Magno Gonçalves

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Neurology; coronavirus

Online: 17 April 2020 (15:27:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0299.v1

Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Human Clinical Trials for Treatment of COVID-19

Richard T. Eastman, Jacob S. Roth, Kyle R. Brimacombe, Anton Simeonov, Min Shen, Samarjit Patnaik, Matthew D. Hall

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; coronavirus; remdesivir

Online: 17 April 2020 (13:02:03 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0282.v1

Structural Deviation and Identification of Novel Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Through Molecular Docking: An In Silico Study

Anindya Panja, Aniket Sarkar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Penicillamine; spike protein; docking

Online: 16 April 2020 (15:44:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0218.v1

Walking Speed is the Sole Determinant of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Japanese Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Noritaka Machii, Akihiro Kudo, Haruka Saito, Hayato Tanabe, Mariko Iwasaki, Hiroyuki Hirai, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Michio Shimabukuro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; walking speed; sarcopenia

Online: 14 April 2020 (08:45:26 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0184.v2

Serological Test is an Efficient Supplement for Detecting RNA to Confirm SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Ning-Shao Xia, Gui-Qiang Wang, Wen-Feng Gong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; diagnosis; antibody; serology; screening

Online: 6 April 2020 (14:09:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0045.v1

The Conceptual Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Related Lymphopenia

Ilnaz Rahimmanesh, Shirin Kouhpayeh, Hossein Khanahmad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; lymphopenia; NAD+ depletion; CD38

Online: 6 April 2020 (09:28:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0219.v1

NOS-2 Participates in the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Withdrawal in Zebrafish

Suianny Nayara da Silva Chaves, Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa, Gabriela Cristini Vidal Gomes, Monica Lima-Maximino, Eduardo Pacheco Rico, Caio Maximino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Nitric oxide; NOS-2; Ethanol withdrawal; Zebrafish

Online: 16 December 2019 (11:54:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0171.v2

Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin

Hadi Babaei, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Moses Karakouzian, Sajjad Ahmad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: water quality; SWAT; SWAT-CUP; SUFI-2

Online: 18 February 2019 (09:07:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0270.v1

The Geometrical Basis of PT Symmetry

Luis Sanchez-Soto, Juan J. Monzón

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: PPT symmetry; SL(2, C); hyperbolic geometry

Online: 12 October 2018 (12:42:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0233.v1

Comparing the Potential of Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data for Monitoring Oil Spill Impact

Shruti Khanna, Maria J. Santos, Susan L. Ustin, Kristen Shapiro, Paul J. Haverkamp, Mui Lay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: vegetation indices; LANDSAT; WorldView-2; RapidEye; AVIRIS

Online: 25 January 2018 (04:37:02 CET)

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Oil spills from offshore drilling and coastal refineries often cause degradation of coastal wetlands that can take a long time to recover. Early oil detection may prevent losses and speed up recovery if monitoring of the initial oil extent, oil impact, and recovery are in place. Satellite imagery data can provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive airborne imagery or labor intensive field campaigns for monitoring effects of oil spills on wetlands. However, these satellite data may be restricted in their ability to detect and map ecosystem recovery post-spill given their spectral measurement properties and temporal frequency. In this study, we assessed whether spatial and spectral resolution, and other sensor characteristics influence the ability to detect and map vegetation stress and die-off due to oil. We compared how well three satellite multispectral sensors: WorldView2, RapidEye and Landsat EMT+, match the ability of the airborne hyperspectral AVIRIS sensor to map oil-induced vegetation stress, recovery, and die-off after the DeepWater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. We found that finer spatial resolution (3.5m) provided better delineation of the oil-impacted wetlands and better detection of vegetation stress along oiled shorelines in saltmarsh wetland ecosystems. As spatial resolution become coarser (3.5m to 30m) the ability to accurately detect and map stressed vegetation decreased. Spectral resolution did improve the detection and mapping of oil-impacted wetlands but less strongly than spatial resolution, suggesting that broad-band data may be sufficient to detect and map oil-impacted wetlands. AVIRIS narrow-band data performs better detecting vegetation stress, followed by WorldView2, RapidEye and then Landsat 15m (pan sharpened) data. Higher quality sensor optics and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may also improve detection and mapping of oil-impacted wetlands; we found that resampled coarser resolution AVIRIS data with higher SNR performed better than either of the three satellite sensors. The ability to acquire imagery during certain times (midday, low tide, etc.) or a certain date is also important in these tidal wetlands; WorldView2 imagery captured at high-tide detected a narrower band of shoreline affected by oil likely because some of the impacted wetland was below the tideline. These results suggest that while multispectral data may be sufficient for detecting the extent of oil-impacted wetlands, high spectral and spatial resolution, high-quality sensor characteristics, and the ability to control time of image acquisition may improve assessment and monitoring of vegetation stress and recovery post oil spills.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0436.v1

Sub-ppb H₂S Sensing with Screen Printed Porous ZnO/SnO₂ Heterostructures

Mehdi Akbari-Saatlu, Masoumeh Heidari, Claes Mattsson, Renyun Zhang, Göran Thungström

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: ZnO/SnO₂ heterostructure; gas sensor; H₂S; screen printing; ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Online: 8 October 2024 (11:14:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0771.v1

The Interplay between 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and Anandamide Amidohydrolase in Neuropathy

Iddrisu Ibrahim, Joseph Ayariga, Junhuan Xu, Boakai Robertson, Olufemi Ajayi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Endocannabinoid system (ECS); Anandamide; 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); CB1 receptors; CB2 receptors; Enzymes FAAH and MAGL; Neuropathies; Cannabinoids

Online: 13 May 2024 (12:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1252.v1

Regulatory and Sensing Iron-Sulfur Clusters: New Insights and Unanswered Questions

Anna M. SantaMaria, Tracey A. Rouault

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Iron-sulfur clusters; iron metabolism; iron sensing; IRE; PAIR; Aft1/2; IRP1/2; RirA; Yap5; ACO1; IREB2; HSCB

Online: 22 February 2024 (09:23:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0749.v2

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 Protein Causes Acute Lung Inflammation: A Dynamical Mathematical Model

José Díaz, Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla, Antonio Bensussen

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; Interleukin 6; NFB; Nsp5; Cox2; SARS-CoV-2 interactome; Nonlinear dynamics of inflammation

Online: 15 March 2021 (12:18:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0712.v1

Structures and Functions of Viral 5’ Non-Coding Genomic RNA Domain-I in Enterovirus-B Infections

Marie GLENET, Laetitia HENG, Domitille CALLON, Anne-Laure LEBREIL, Paul-Antoine GRETTEAU, Yohan NGUYEN, Fatma BERRI, Laurent ANDREOLETTI

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Group-B Enterovirus; RNA domain-I; viral ribonucleoprotein complexes; Enterovirus replication; 5’ terminally deleted viral forms; antiviral innate immune response; type I Interferon

Online: 30 July 2020 (10:00:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2061.v1

Inhibitory Efficacy of Main Components of Scutellaria baicalensis on the Interaction between Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II

Cheng-Han Lin, Ho-Ju Chang, Meng-Wei Lin, Xin-Rui Yang, Che-Hsiung Lee, Chih-Sheng Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); Spike protein; Traditional Chinese medicine; Scutellaria baicalensis; Baicalein; Baicalin

Online: 31 January 2024 (02:00:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0524.v1

From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Pablo Gonzalez-Garcia, Ornella Fiorillo Moreno, Eloina Zarate Peñate, Alejandro Calderón-Villalba, Lisandro Pacheco Lugo, Antonio Acosta Hoyos, Jose Luis Villarreal Camacho, Roberto Navarro Quiroz, Leonardo Pacheco Londoño, Gustavo Aroca Martinez, Noelia Moares, Antonio Gabucio, Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce, Francisco Garcia-Cozar, Elkin Navarro Quiroz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Long COVID; Cytopathy; cytokine storm; sequelae; PASC; coronavirus; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; cell dysfunction

Online: 30 March 2023 (05:09:50 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0518.v1

Epitope Coverage of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgA and IgG Antibodies Correlates With Protection Against Re-Infection by New Variants in Subsequent Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Michelle O. Mullins, Muneerah Smith, Hazel Maboreke, Andrew J. M. Nel, Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi, Wendy A. Burgers, Jonathan M. Blackburn

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: immunoassay; epitope coverage; quantitative antibody binding; protein microarray; SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; humoral response; SARS-CoV-2 re-infection

Online: 27 December 2022 (10:43:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0158.v2

Mapping the Accessory Proteins (Orfs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Sunil Thomas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; accessory protein; mapping; structure; Open reading frame, Orf.

Online: 3 November 2022 (10:27:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0110.v1

Cytoprotective Activity of Newly Synthesized 3-(arylmethyl)-6-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-ones derivatives

Shynggys Sergazy, Zarina Shulgau, Aigerim Zhulikeyeva, Yerlan Ramankulov, Irina V. Palamarchuk, Ivan V. Kulakov

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: 3-aminopyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives; 3-(arylmethyl)-6-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-ones; antiradical activity; cytoprotective activity

Online: 4 August 2022 (14:12:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0010.v1

The SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Promotes MAPK and NF-kB Activation and Inflammatory Cytokine Production In Human Lung and Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Christopher B Forsyth, Lijuan Zhang, Abhinav Bhushan, Barbara A. Swanson, João I. Mamede, Maliha Shaikh, Li Zhang, Ali Keshavarzian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; ARDS; Cytokine Storm; Spike S1 protein; SARS-CoV-2, Long COVID; ACE2; A549 cells; Caco-2 cells

Online: 1 June 2022 (09:49:27 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Oleuropein-Rich Leaf Extract as a Broad Inhibitor of Tumour and Macrophage iNOS in Apc Mutant Rat Model

Jessica Ruzzolini, Sofia Chioccioli, Noemi Monaco, Silvia Peppicelli, Elena Andreucci, Silvia Urciuoli, Annalisa Romani, Cristina Luceri, Katia Tortora, Lido Calorini, Giovanna Caderni, Chiara Nediani, Francesca Bianchini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Oleuropein; colon cancer; activated macrophages; chronic inflammation; inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS); cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); nitric oxide (NO)

Online: 2 August 2021 (12:04:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0076.v1

Why COVID-19 Transmission is More Efficient and Aggressive than Viral Transmission in Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?

Fatma Elrashdy, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N Uversky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; viral infection; virus-host interaction

Online: 4 September 2020 (03:19:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0260.v2

COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights into Structure, Function, and hACE2 Receptor Recognition by SARS-CoV-2

Anshumali Mittal, Kavyashree Manjunath, Rajesh Kumar Ranjan, Sandeep Kaushik, Sujeet Kumar, Vikash Verma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV; SARS-like coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); RdRp; Remdesivir; and neutralizing antibody

Online: 10 July 2020 (16:21:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0390.v1

O-β-GlcNAcylation, Chloroquine and 2-Hydroxybenzohydrazine May Hamper SARS-CoV-2 entry to Human via Inhibition of ACE2 Phosphorylation at Ser787 but Also Induce Disruption of Virus-ACE2 Binding

Waqar Ahmad, Khadija Shabbiri, Nazarul Islam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV; ACE2; spike protein; phosphorylation; O-β-GlcNAcylation; molecular docking; chloroquine; 2-hydroxybenzohydrazine

Online: 22 April 2020 (06:01:00 CEST)

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The novel coronavirus COVID- 19 disease is extremely contagious and has been spread worldwide. First COVID-19 case was identified in December, 2019 and within three months, more than one million affected cases and over 65,000 deaths have been reported. SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also known as 2019-nCoV is a causative agent of COVID-19 disease and belongs to the SARS CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus) family. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the human body by binding its viral surface spike protein with the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and cause infection. To prevent the virus entry and its transmission in the human body, we focused on the two domains of ACE2: i) the N-terminal extracellular binding domain (18-740 residues) reported for coronavirus spike interaction, and ii) the C-terminal cytoplasmic region (762-805 residues) to prevent the virus transmission. Therefore, we proposed: i) inhibition of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and human ACE2 protein may prevent the virus entry to the host and ii) inhibition of phosphorylation at Ser-787 of ACE2 protein may prevent the transmission of the virus in the COVID-19 patients. In the past, the critical role of Ser 787 in human ACE2 protein has been experimentally verified in SARS-CoV transmission, that upon binding to the receptor, SARS- CoV induces CKII- mediated phosphorylation of ACE2 at Ser-787 that in-turn facilitate virus entry to host cells, followed by replication and activation of ACE2, initiates downstream signaling leading to lung fibrosis. Therefore, in this study, we have suggested post-translational modification (PTM) O-β-GlcNAcylation, and two compounds Chloroquine and 2-hydroxybenzohydrazine might share the common pathways to prevent the COVID-19 infection in human. The addition of O-β-GlcNAcylation at same or neighboring Ser/ Thr residues results in phosphorylation inhibition and a change in protein structural and functional confirmations. Thereby, using neural networking methods, we have identified Ser/ Thr residues in ACE2 that are potential sites for phosphorylation and / or O-β-GlcNAcylation. Molecular docking showed that UDP-GlcNAc has more binding affinity with Ser-787 than the phosphoryl group. Moreover, chloroquine and 2-hydroxybenzohydrazine also showed great potential to bind at Ser-787 that may result in inhibition of Ser-787 phosphorylation and downstream signaling. Furthermore, O-β-GlcNAcylation, chloroquine and 2-hydroxybenzohydrazine showed their high affinity at ACE2-SARS-CoV-2receptor binding domain that may prevent the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human body. In conclusion, inhibition of human ACE2 phosphorylation at Ser-787 and ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 binding domain could be promising targets against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0161.v1

The Small Intestine, an Underestimated Site of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Red Queen Effect to Probiotics

Zhijie Feng, Yan Wang, Wei Qi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: coronaviruses receptors; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; the Red Queen hypothesis; segmented filamentous bacteria

Online: 10 March 2020 (08:45:34 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1484.v1

Trend of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy During the Summers 2020 (Before Mass Vaccination), 2021 (After Primary Mass Vaccination) and 2022 (After Booster Mass Vaccination): A Real-World Study Based on a Population of 58,85 Million People

Luca Roncati, Giulia Bartolacelli, Carlo Galeazzi, Stefania Caramaschi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant; SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant; variant of concern (VOC); tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF); vaccination; booster dose; lockdown; Italy

Online: 24 October 2023 (08:17:16 CEST)

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Like all RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 shows high mutation rate, which has led to the emergence of new variants. Among them, Gamma and Delta developed at the turn of 2020-2021 in Amazonas and India, two ecoregions characterized by hot-humid weather, very similar to that of the summer season due to climate change in Italy, the first Western country to have been hit hard by COVID-19 and to experience lockdown restrictions in a democratic framework of 58,85 million people. Methods: during the state of national health emergency and the Draghi government, the Civil Defense Department daily released the aggregate data coming from the Ministry of Health, the Higher Institute of Health, the Independent Provinces and the Italian Regions, in order to inform about the pandemic situation in Italy. Among these data there were the number of deaths, hospitalizations in intensive care units (ICU), non-ICU patients, contagions, and performed swabs. By means of a team effort, we have collected and elaborated all these data, comparing COVID-19 pandemic in Italy during the summers 2020 (following the nationwide lockdown), 2021 and 2022. Results: from summer 2020 (before mass vaccination) to summers 2021 (after primary mass vaccination) and 2022 (after booster mass vaccination) all pandemic trend indicators have showed a sharp worsening in Italy. COVID-19 deaths increased by ≈298% and ≈834%, ICU hospitalizations by ≈386% and ≈310%, non-ICU hospitalizations by ≈224% and ≈600%, contagions by ≈627% and ≈6.850% (i.e. ≈68,50 times), swabs by ≈354% and ≈370%, and the mean positivity rate passed from ≈1% to ≈2% and ≈20%, respectively. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted in any climate, including areas with hot and humid weather, and the emergence of variants adapted to hot-humid climate may result in summer COVID-19 outbreaks, even in neither tropical nor subtropical countries. Although COVID-19 vaccines can confer cross-protection against newly emerging variants, this cross-immunity is obviously not absolute but limited, also taking into account that vaccine protection wanes considerably after 6 months. It follows that a subject vaccinated at the beginning of winter will not be completely covered in the height of summer, without forgetting the unvaccinated. As a final remark, the long nationwide lockdown made it possible to flatten SARS-CoV-2 circulation and, therefore, its negative impact on Italy during summer 2020.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0071.v1

High-Resolution Spaceborne SAR Geolocation Accuracy Analysis and Error Correction

Facheng Li, Qiming Zeng

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: SAR geolocation; tropospheric correction; TerraSAR-X; Tianhui-2

Online: 1 October 2024 (14:21:18 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2124.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Displays a Suboptimal Codon Usage Bias for Efficient Translation in Human Cells Diverted by Hijacking the tRNA Epitranscriptome

Patrick ELDIN, Alexandre DAVID, Christophe HIRTZ, Jean-Luc BATTINI, Laurence BRIANT

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; codon usage; tRNA; epitranscriptome; translation

Online: 27 September 2024 (03:21:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1834.v1

Novel Metabolites Associated with Decreased Gfr: A 12-Year Follow-Up of the METSIM Cohort

Lilian Fernandes Silva, Jagadish Vangipurapu, Anniina Oravilahti, Markku Laakso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: Genetics; metabolomics; type 2 diabetes; glomerular filtration rate

Online: 26 August 2024 (11:26:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1743.v1

A Multi-target Pharmacological Correction of a Lipoyltransferase LIPT1 Gene Mutation in Patient-Derived Cellular Models

David Gómez-Fernández, Ana Romero-González, Juan M. Suárez-Rivero, Paula Cilleros-Holgado, Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba, Rocío Piñero-Pérez, José Manuel Romero-Domínguez, Diana Reche-López, Alejandra López-Cabrera, Salvador Ibañez-Mico, Marta Castro de Oliveira, Andrés Rodríguez-Sacristán, Susana Gónzalez-Granero, José Manuel García-Verdugo, José A Sánchez-Alcázar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: LIPT1; SIRT3; fibroblasts; lipoylation; bioenergetics; 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase

Online: 22 July 2024 (14:19:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1232.v1

Diaphragm Muscle Atrophy Contribute to Low Physical Capacity in COVID-19 Survivors

Janusz Kocjan, Mateusz Rydel, Jan Szczegielniak, Katarzyna Bogacz, Mariusz Adamek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: diaphragm; COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; pulmonary rehabilitation

Online: 18 June 2024 (11:44:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1646.v1

Are COVID-19 Polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 Prognosis Predictors?

Fabiana Amaral Guarienti, Fernando Antonio Costa Xavier, Mateus Duarte Ferraz, Fernanda Wagner, Daniel Marinowic, Jaderson Costa da Costa, Denise Cantarelli Machado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Polymorphism; Covid-19; ACE, prognosis, SARS-CoV-2.

Online: 28 May 2024 (14:34:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0918.v1

What Is Currently Understood and Remains Undiscovered regarding Lp(a) in the Context of Metabolic Syndrome?

Dunja Leskovar Lemešić, Luka Prgomet, Kristina Mihanović Paponja, Dražen Perica, Nediljko Šućur, Ana Godan Hauptman, Iveta Merćep, Ivan Pećin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: lipoprotein (a); diabetes mellitus type 2; metabolic syndrome

Online: 14 May 2024 (06:50:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1728.v1

Symptomatology and IgG Levels Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Individuals

Nigella M. Paula, Emerson Joucoski, Valter A. Baura, Emanuel M. Souza, Fábio O. Pedrosa, Alan G. Gonçalves, Luciano F. Huergo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: omicron; symptoms; IgG; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Online: 28 April 2024 (07:48:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0923.v1

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Antibodies among Patients Visiting Hospital-Based Sentinel Sites in the Rift Valley Region, Kenya

Vincent Kiplangat Ruttoh, Brian Kipkoech, Ronald Tonui, Ruth Omoti John, Ibrahim Ndungu Mwangi, Ruth Wambui Gicho, Sally Wambui Kamau, Maureen Wangui Njihia, Samwel Lifumo Symekher, Timothy Muasya Mwanzia, James Murithi Gikunda, Matthew Mutinda Munyao, Caroline Wangui Njoroge, Samson Muuo Nzou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Seroprevalence; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Vaccination; Antibodies

Online: 15 March 2024 (19:11:29 CET)

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Background: Accurate estimation of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for guiding public health strategies. Underreporting from PCR-based testing, especially in low- and middle-income countries, often obscures the true extent of exposure and immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 among patients visiting hospital-based sentinel sites in Kenya's Rift Valley region following the Omicron wave. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study in four hospital-based sentinel sites among patients with acute respiratory infection symptoms. Patients aged six months or older visiting the sites between January 2022 and December 2022, presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory infection, were enrolled. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. We used a quantitative ELISA kit to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S protein in serum samples. Results: Among 557 individuals enrolled in the study, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 97.8% (n=545). Vaccinated individuals demonstrated significantly higher odds of seropositivity compared to unvaccinated counterparts, with an odds ratio of 3.33 (95% CI: (0.4, 27.87)). While seropositivity remained consistent across age groups, older adults exhibited the highest odds. Site-specific differences in enrolment and vaccination rates highlight potential access-related disparities. Conclusion: Our findings indicate widespread prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the study region, underscoring the significant impact of both natural infection and vaccination efforts in driving SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence within the Rift Valley region. Despite the underestimation of infections and disparities in vaccination access, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of vaccination for conferring SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Targeted interventions are crucial to address accessibility barriers and vaccine hesitancy, ensuring equitable vaccination coverage.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0503.v1

Hibernating Bats are a Weak Source for Biomonitoring of Coronaviruses

Aleksander Goll, Lara Dutra, Joanna Nowicka, Elena Sgarabotto, Vinaya Venkat, Grzegorz Apoznański, Tomasz Kokurewicz, Alek Rachwald, Lukasz Rabalski, Hussein Alburkat, Jenni Virtanen, Tarja Sironen, Ravi Kant, Vincent Bourret, Maciej Grzybek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: bat-borne diseases; biomonitoring; coronaviruses; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 5 January 2024 (14:50:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0386.v1

Synthesis and Primary Activity Assay of Novel Benitrobenrazide and Benserazide Derivatives

Karolina Juszczak, Wojciech Szczepankiewicz, Krzysztof Walczak

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: schiff bases; benitrobenrazide; benserazide; hexokinase 2; enzyme inhibition

Online: 4 January 2024 (12:30:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1756.v1

Comorbidity genes of Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes associated with memory and cognitive function

Seong Beom Cho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; type 2 diabetes; comorbidity; memory; cognition.

Online: 22 December 2023 (15:04:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1206.v1

A Dynamic Prediction Framework for Vitality of Urban Public Space - From hypothesis to algorithm and verification

Yue Liu, Xiangmin Guo

Subject: Social Sciences, Urban Studies And Planning Keywords: Urban vitality 1; Algorithm 2; Crowd-frequency 3

Online: 15 December 2023 (16:30:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1078.v1

Immunogenicity of Tetravalent Protein Vaccine, SCTV01E-2 against SARS-CoV-2 EG.5 Subvaraint: a Phase 2 Trial

Jihai Tang, Qinghua Xu, Chaoyin Zhu, Kun Xuan, Tao Li, Qingru Li, Xingya Pang, Zhenqiu Zha, Jinwei Li, Liyang Qiao, Haiyang Xu, Gang Wu, Yan Tian, Jun Han, Cuige Gao, Gui Qian, Xuxin Tian, Liangzhi Xie

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Safety; Immunogenicity; SARS-CoV-2; Multivalent vaccine; Booster

Online: 15 December 2023 (01:43:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0533.v1

ERK1 Is a Regulatory Kinase Coordinating ERK2 Function in Colon Adenocarcinoma

Alessia Parascandolo, Giulio Benincasa, Francesco Corcione, Mikko O. Laukkanen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Colon tumorigenesis; ERK1/2; SOD3; migration, invasion; proliferation

Online: 8 December 2023 (04:56:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1976.v1

SARS‐COV‐2 ORF8 as a Modulator of Cytokine Induction: Evidence and Search for Molecular Mechanisms

Marilia Inês Móvio, Giovana Carneiro, Isabella Lopes Martines, Gilmara Barros de Lima, Sergio Daishi Sasaki, Alexandre Hiroaki KIhara, Emma Poole, Michael Nevels, Maria Cristina Carlan da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS CoV-2; COVID-19; ORF8, cytokine storm

Online: 30 November 2023 (10:29:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1865.v1

Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Occurrence and Progression of Long COVID and Associated Analysis Techniques

Adela Constantinescu-Bercu, Andrei Lobiuc, Olga Adriana Caliman Sturdza, Radu Oita, Monica Iavorschi, Naomi Paval, Iuliana Soldanescu, Mihai Dimian, Mihai Covasa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: immunity; inflammation; SARS-CoV-2; gene expression; sequencing

Online: 29 November 2023 (10:54:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1518.v1

Genomic and Phylogenetic Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes Isolated in Patients from Lambayeque Region, Peru

Sergio Luis Aguilar-Martinez, Gustavo Adolfo Sandoval-Peña, José Arturo Molina-Mora, Pablo Tsukayama-Cisneros, Cristian Díaz-Vélez, Franklin Rómulo Aguilar-Gamboa, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; genome; sequencing; phylogenetic analysis; Peru

Online: 23 November 2023 (11:07:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1716.v1

Boosting Mitochondrial Biogenesis Diminishes Foam Cell Formation in the Post-Stroke Brain

Sanna H. Loppi, Marco A. Tavera-Garcia, Natalie E. Scholpa, Boaz K. Maiyo, Danielle A. Becktel, Helena W. Morrison, Rick G. Schnellmann, Kristian P. Doyle

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: stroke; aging; mitochondrial biogenesis; beta-2-adrenergic activation

Online: 26 October 2023 (12:16:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1185.v1

Monitoring Coastal Waves with ICESat-2

James T. Dietrich, Lori A. Magruder, Matthew Holwill

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: ICESat-2; coastal waves; remote sensing of waves

Online: 18 October 2023 (11:46:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1120.v1

C-Type Lectin-like Receptor 2 Expression Is Decreased upon Platelet Activation and Is Lower in Most Tumor Entities Compared to Healthy Controls

Mani Etemad, Foteini Christodoulou, Stefanie Uhlig, Jessica C. Hassel, Petra Schrotz-King, Hermann Brenner, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Karen Bieback, Harald Klüter, Peter Bugert

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: platelet function; podoplanin; soluble CLEC-2; cancer thrombosis

Online: 18 September 2023 (10:50:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0897.v1

SARS-CoV-2: An Update on the Biological Interplay with the Human Host

Giuseppe Lippi, Fabian Sanchis-Gomar, Camilla Mattiuzzi, Brandon M. Henry

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; Biology; Genetics

Online: 14 September 2023 (03:41:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0617.v1

Recent Advances in Psychotherapeutic Treatment and Understanding of Alexithymia in Patients with Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Filip Mustač, Tin Galijašević, Eva Podolski, Andrej Belančić, Martina Matovinović, Darko Marčinko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: alexithymia; obesity; diabetes mellitus type 2; psychodynamic psychotherapy

Online: 11 September 2023 (09:21:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0520.v1

Differential Responders of a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors and Gut Microbiota- Data from the MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial

Viktor Skantze, Therese Hjorth, Mikael Wallman, Carl Brunius, Johan Dicksved, Erik Pelve, Anders Esberg, Marilena Vitale, Rosalba Giacco, Giuseppina Costabile, Robert E. Bergia, Mats Jirstrand, Wayne W Campbell, Gabriele Riccardi, Rikard Landberg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Differential responders; Clustering; Personalized nutrition; Type 2 diabetes

Online: 7 September 2023 (11:38:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0030.v1

Effectiveness of Oral Versus Injectable Semaglutide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Retrospective Observational Study in Croatia

Sanja Klobučar, Andrej Belančić, Iva Bukša, Nikolina Morić, Dario Rahelić

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: glucagon-like peptide-1; semaglutide; type 2 diabetes

Online: 1 September 2023 (07:49:49 CEST)

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Background: The number of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing daily, and therefore effective therapy is needed to successfully regulate glycemia and reduce the risk of associated complications. Recently, an oral formulation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide has become available. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of the new oral formulation and the existing injectable formulation of semaglutide in terms of glycemic and body weight control in a real-world setting. Patients and methods: This was a single-center retrospective observational study conducted at the Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre. A total of 106 patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1 ≥ 7%) on different oral or basal insulin supported oral therapy were recruited from the diabetes outpatient clinic, and data from electronic medical records were retrospectively collected and analyzed from May 2021 to November 2022. All subjects were GLP-1 RA naive and consequently prescribed 0.5 or 1.0 mg once weekly injectable semaglutide (IS) or 7 mg or 14 mg once daily oral semaglutide (OS) for at least 6 months. Glycated hemoglo-bin (HbA1c), body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed prior to semaglutide administration and after a 6-month follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c, and sec-ondary endpoints were the change in body weight and the proportion of participants with a reduction in body weight of ≥ 5% and ≥ 10%, respectively, 6 months after the initiation of semaglutide treatment. Results: At 6-month follow-up, no significant difference was observed between the two formulations in terms of HbA1c reduction (IS -1.1% vs OS -1.4%, p=0.126) and weight loss (IS -6.50 kg vs OS -5.90 kg, p=0.714). Exactly the same proportion of participants in both groups achieved a weight loss of ≥ 5% (56.7%, n=30). A weight loss ≥ 10% was observed in 20.7% (n=11) of participants administered IS and 15.1% (n=8) of participants adminis-tered OS, respectively (p=0.454). Conclusion: In a real-world setting, oral semaglutide as add-on therapy to ongoing antihyperglycemic treatment in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who had not previously received GLP-1 RA demonstrated the same effectiveness as injectable semaglutide in terms of gly-cemic control and weight loss after 6 months of treatment.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1585.v1

Manifestation of Pancytopenia Associated with COVID-19 as Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) and Aplastic Anemia (AA)

Jeff Justin Aguilar, Vikram Dhillon, Suresh Balasubramanian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; aplastic anemia; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 22 August 2023 (13:19:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1814.v1

Identification of Delta Variant-Specific Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes Found in Uzbek Patients by Amplicon Sequencing

Mirzakamol Ayubov, Zabardast Buriev, Mukhammadjon Mirzakhmedov, Abdurakhmon Yusupov, Bakhtiyor Nosirov, Dilshod Usmanov, Shukhrat Shermatov, Khurshida Ubaydullaeva, Abdusattor Abdukarimov, Ibrokhim Abdurakhmonov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; virus; transmission; mutations; Delta strain

Online: 27 July 2023 (09:36:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1800.v1

Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Populations from Water or Sediment in Rivers Environments

Skof Aline, Michael Koller, Rita Baumert, Jürgen Hautz, Fritz Michael Treiber, Clemens Kittinger, Gernot Zarfel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: biofilm; ESBL; KPC-2; wastewater treatment plant; phenotyping

Online: 26 June 2023 (11:14:25 CEST)

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The detection of antibiotic-resistant facultative pathogenic bacteria in surface waters is common in the present day. However, there is limited understanding of the factors that influence the spread and stabilization of resistance in this habitat, particularly regarding the role of biofilms. Despite the perceived differences between sediments, biofilms, and open water, their potential contribution to the long-term maintenance of resistances remains unclear. In this study, we investigated Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the Mur and Drava rivers in Austria. Samples were collected from both the water column and sediment at two locations per river: upstream and downstream of an urban area, including a sewage treatment plant. The iso-lates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 21 antibiotics belonging to seven distinct classes. Additionally, any isolates exhibiting an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenemase phenotype were further analyzed for the presence of specific antimi-crobial resistance genes. E. coli isolates obtained from the two rivers exhibited resistance to at least one of the tested anti-biotics, with rates of 25.83% and 23.66% respectively. The most prevalent antimicrobial re-sistances observed were towards ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and na-lidixic acid. Surprisingly, there was a similar proportion of resistant bacteria observed in both open water and sediment samples, contrary to expectations. The difference in resistance levels between samples collected upstream and downstream of the cities was minimal. Out of the total isolates, 13 E. coli were found to carry ESBL genes with one isolate carrying the gene for KPC-2 carbapenemase. There were no significant differences between the biofilm (sediment) and open water samples in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. Even the difference between the samples upstream and downstream of the cities and their wastewater treatment plants was minor. There seems to be no evidence of a large adaptive effect in this analysed biofilm population of E. coli. The un-typical phenotype of the KPC-producing and some of the ESBL-producing E. coli from this study could, however, be an indication that such adaptation effects generally exist in water.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1592.v1

Disruption of Laboratory Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an EFLM Task Force Preparation of Labs for Emergencies (TF-PLE) Survey

Giuseppe Lippi, Janne Cadamuro, Elisa Danese, Emmanuel J Favaloro, Julien Favresse, Brandon Michael Henry, Snezana Jovicic, Tomris Ozben, Mario Plebani, Jecko Thachil

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Laboratory Medicine; Survey

Online: 22 June 2023 (10:35:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0986.v1

Insuring Alpine Grasslands Against Drought-Related Yield Losses by Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

Mariapina Castelli, Giovanni Peratoner, Luca Pasolli, Giulia Molisse, Alexander Dovas, Gabriel Sicher, Alice Crespi, Mattia Rossi, Mohammad Hussein Alasawedah, Evelyn Soini, Roberto Monsorno, Claudia Notarnicola

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: drought; satellite data; Sentinel-2; grassland; mountain; insurance

Online: 14 June 2023 (04:53:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0862.v1

Evaluation of Hepatic/Renal and Splenic/Renal Echointensity Ratio by Ultrasonography in Diabetic Nephropathy

Melike Elif Kalfaoglu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy; ultrasonography; echointensity; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Online: 13 June 2023 (02:51:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0801.v1

The Cornell COVID-19 Testing Laboratory: A Model to High-Capacity Testing Hubs for Infectious Disease Emergency Response and Preparedness

Melissa Laverack, Rebecca Tallmadge, Roopa Venugopalan, Daniel Sheehan, Scott Ross, Rahim Rustamov, Kim S Potter, Francois Elvinger, Lorin D. Warnick, Gary A. Koretzky, Casey Frederici, Rob Lawlis, Elizabeth Plocharczyk, Diego G Diel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; diagnostic workflow; surveillance

Online: 12 June 2023 (08:44:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1999.v1

Oral Pathology in the Elderly: Prevalence in a Hub Hospital

Carla Frizzerin, Giulia Alberton, Armina Rushiti, Christian Bacci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: 1; elderly 2; oral pathology 3; oral medicine

Online: 29 May 2023 (08:47:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1085.v1

COVID-19 in Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Poland, PAPITCO-19 study ( Polish Analysis in PICUs Trends of COVID-19)

Maria Damps, Elżbieta Byrska Maciejasz, Małgorzata Kowalska, Judyta Rosada-Kurasińska, Beata Rybojad, Joanna Sordyl, Marzena Malgorzata Zielinska, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; children infection; respiratory failure

Online: 28 April 2023 (03:02:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0665.v1

The Omicron Sub-Variant BA.4 Displays a Remarkable Lack of Clinical Signs in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Elizabeth R. Davies, Kathryn A. Ryan, Kevin R. Bewley, Naomi S. Coombes, Francisco J. Salguero, Oliver T. Carnell, Sarah Biddlecombe, Michael Charlton, Amy Challis, Eleanor S. Cross, Alastair Handley, Didier Ngabo, Thomas M. Weldon, Yper Hall, Simon G. P. Funnell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Syrian hamster; animal model; coronavirus

Online: 21 April 2023 (03:31:17 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0429.v1

Oral Epithelial Cells Expressing Low or Undetectable Levels of Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 are Susceptible SARS-CoV-2Virus Infection in vitro

Laith Ebraham, Chuan Xu, Annie Wang, Divino Rajah, Lewins Walter, Salvatore A.E. Marras, Sanjay Tyagi, Daniel Fine, Carlo Amorin Daep, Theresa Liyun Chang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; oral epithelial cells; alternative receptors

Online: 24 March 2023 (12:20:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0444.v1

Understanding the Relationship of the Human Bacteriome with COVID-19 Severity and Recovery

Hassan Zafar, Milton H. Saier, Jr.

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; bacteriome; immune system

Online: 27 February 2023 (06:15:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0171.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Disease Severity in the Golden Syrian Hamster Model of Infection is Related to the Volume of Intranasal Inoculum.

Alastair Handley, Kathryn A. Ryan, Elizabeth R. Davies, Kevin R. Bewley, Oliver T. Carnell, Amy Challis, Naomi S. Coombes, Susan A. Fotheringham, Karen E. Gooch, Michael Charlton, Debbie J. Harris, Chelsea Kennard, Didier Ngabo, Thomas M. Weldon, Francisco J. Salguero, Simon G. P. Funnell, Yper Hall

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Syrian hamster; animal model; coronavirus

Online: 10 February 2023 (01:22:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0085.v1

Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following the SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination

Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, Jackson Liang, Mohammad Amin Habib, Mohamad Ali Taghizadeh Moghadam, Arefeh Babazadeh, Elham Ramzani, Rezvan Hosseinzadeh, Erfan Hashemi, Terence T. Sio, Amirreza Allahgholipour, Mohammad Barary, Soheil Ebrahimpour

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Vaccines; Myocarditis; Pericarditis

Online: 6 February 2023 (07:51:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0425.v1

A Qualitative Study Exploring Motivators and Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Adults in South Africa and Zimbabw

Nellie Myburgh, Mamakiri Mulaudzi, Gugulethu Tshabalala, Norest Beta, Kimberley Gutu, Stefanie Vermaak, Charles Lau, Catherine Hill, Lawrence Stanberry, Wilmot James, Shabir Madhi, Tariro Makadzange, Janan Janine Dietrich

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccines; hesitancy; Africa

Online: 24 January 2023 (08:14:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0245.v1

SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein Mutation at Cysteine-488 Impairs Its Golgi Localization And Intracellular S1/S2 Processing

Yuichiro Yamamoto, Tetsuya Inoue, Mana Murae, Masayoshi Fukasawa, Mika K Kaneko, Yukinari Kato, Kohji Noguchi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Spike; Cysteine; proteolysis; brefeldin A

Online: 18 October 2022 (03:52:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0516.v1

Burden of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalizations during the Omicron Wave in Germany

Maren Doenhardt, Christin Gano, Anna-Lisa Sorg, Natalie Diffloth, Tobias Tenenbaum, Rüdiger von Kries, Reinhard Berner, Jakob P. Armann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Omicron; children; hospitalization

Online: 30 August 2022 (09:00:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0014.v2

Estimation of the Odds Ratio in Vaccinated Individuals and Determination of Vaccine Efficacy against Sars-CoV-2 Infection in Angola – Part I

Santland Sebastião Alberto De Lemos, José Belchior Da Silva, Carlos Alberto Pinto De Sousa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Odds ratio; vaccine efficacy; SARS-CoV-2; Angola

Online: 2 August 2022 (12:25:20 CEST)

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Introduction: Studies conducted in real-life scenarios on vaccine protection against COVID-19 constitute an important global priority, but one that is currently mostly neglected in low- and middle-income countries such as Angola. Here, we analyze for the first-time vaccine protection against COVID-19 in a real-life scenario after 6 months of implementing a multi-vaccination plan in Angola, providing estimation of odds ratios in vaccinated individuals and vaccine efficacy against infection by SARS-CoV-2 in a period that coincided with the identification of the Omicron variant in the country. Methods: We used a negative test case-control design to assess the effectiveness of vaccination against confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 4.232 vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with the result of a rapid antigen diagnostic test against SARS-CoV-2 performed from December 27 to 28, 2021 were included in the study. Data were extracted from the Digital Vaccination Record Platform (Rediv) of the Ministry of Health of Angola. All ethical procedures related to the authorization necessary to carry out the study were followed. Statistical analyzes were performed using version 7.5.2.0 of CDC's Epi Info. Frequency distributions and measures of central tendency were used to characterize the study universe. The general and sex-adjusted and age-adjusted odds ratios, were evaluated by comparing the chances of vaccination between cases and controls, and their associated 95% CI, which were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel stratification method. The risk classification of Axel Kroeger, Piscoya and Alarcon was used to interpret the odds ratio. The Breslow-Day statistic was used to assess the homogeneity of the odds ratios. Vaccine efficacy was calculated using the odds ratio applying the accepted statistical vaccine efficacy formula:(1 − odds ratio) × 100. For all estimates, a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The population consisted of 63.63% male and 36.37% female. The mean age was 36 years with a standard deviation of 13. 83. Regarding vaccination status, 83.27% of individuals were vaccinated and 16.73% were unvaccinated, with 21.81% positive and 78.19% negative for SARS -CoV-2. The odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 – 1.03) times lower in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals, with P=0.09. The overall vaccine efficacy (VE) was 15% (95% CI -3 – 30). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant decrease in the chances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals. However, the overall vaccine efficacy was 15%.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0223.v1

Potential Benefit of Early Treatment with Sotrovimab in Patients With High Risk for Severe COVID-19 Carrying BA.2 Infection

Melania Degli Antoni, Cinzia Giagulli, Serena Messali, Silvia Amadasi, Francesca Caccuri, Francesco Castelli, Arnaldo Caruso, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies; Sotrovimab; COVID-19; Omicron; BA.2

Online: 14 July 2022 (12:22:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0235.v1

Measurement of Serum Paraoxonase-1 Arylesterase Activity as a Screening Test for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

Xavier Gabaldó, Màrius Juanpere, Helena Castañé, Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs, Ana Felisa López-Azcona, Gerard Baiges-Gaya, Lourdes Castro, Enrique Valverde-Díaz, Aida Muñoz-Blázquez, Laura Giménez-Cuenca, Laura Felipo-Balada, Frederic Ballester, Isabel Pujol, Josep M Simó, Antoni Castro, Simona Iftimie, Jordi Camps, Jorge Joven

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: biomarkers; COVID-19; paraoxonase-1; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 16 June 2022 (09:13:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0125.v1

Gal-3BP in Viral Infections: An Emerging Role in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Valentina Gallo, Alyexandra Arienzo, Stefano Iacobelli, Valentina Iacobelli, Giovanni Antonini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Gal-3BP; Virus infection; SARS-CoV-2; Biomarkers

Online: 10 May 2022 (03:44:27 CEST)

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