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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202411.0403.v1

Controversial Anti-Obesity Actions of Epicatechin in Male and Female Mice Kept at Thermoneutrality

Rosemari Otton, Victoria Silva, Celso Batista Pereira Sousa-Filho, Caroline de Paula França

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Epicatechin; polyphenols; obesity; thermoneutrality; sex-dysmorphism

Online: 6 November 2024 (15:20:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0675.v1

Sex-biased Expression of Pharmacogenes Across Human Tissues

Maria Laura Idda, ILARIA CAMPESI, Giovanni Fiorito, Andrea Vecchietti, Silvana Anna Maria Urru, Maria Giuliana Solinas, Flavia Franconi, Matteo Floris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: pharmacogenes; transcripts; sex-bias; drug metabolism; sex differences

Online: 28 June 2021 (15:08:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0380.v2

Considerations and Challenges for Sex-Aware Drug Repurposing

Jennifer Fisher, Emma Jones, Victoria Flanary, Avery Williams, Elizabeth Ramsey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: sex differences; drug repurposing; sex-bias; sex-aware; review; therapeutics; pharmaceuticals; computational drug repurposing

Online: 8 March 2022 (10:34:42 CET)

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Sex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration (1). The biological influence of sex differences (including genomic, epigenetic, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic differences between males and females) and the lack of biomedical studies considering sex differences in their study design has led to several policies. For example, the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) and Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER)) policies to motivate researchers to consider sex differences (2). However, drug repurposing, a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery by identifying novel uses for FDA-approved drugs, lacks sex-aware methods that can improve the identification of drugs that have sex-specific responses (1,3–5). Sex-aware drug repurposing methods either select drug candidates that are more efficacious in one sex or deprioritize drug candidates based on if they are predicted to cause a sex-bias adverse event (SBAE), unintended therapeutic effects that are more likely to occur in one sex. Computational drug repurposing methods are encouraging approaches to develop for sex-aware drug repurposing because they can prioritize sex-specific drug candidates or SBAEs at lower cost and time than traditional drug discovery. Sex-aware methods currently exist for clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic information (3,6,7). They have not expanded to other data types, such as DNA variation, which has been beneficial in other drug repurposing methods that do not consider sex (8). Additionally, some sex-aware methods suffer from poorer performance because a disproportionate number of male and female samples are available to train computational methods (3). However, there is development potential for several different categories (i.e., data mining, ligand binding predictions, molecular associations, and networks). Low-dimensional representations of molecular association and network approaches are also especially promising candidates for future sex-aware drug repurposing methodologies because they reduce the multiple hypothesis testing burden and capture sex-specific variation better than the other methods (9,10). Here we review how sex influences drug response, the current state of drug repurposing including with respect to sex-bias drug response, and how model organism study design choices influence drug repurposing validation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0213.v1

Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Eublepharid Geckos, a Lineage with Environmental and Genotypic Sex Determination

Eleonora Pensabene, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Michail Rovatsos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Gekkota; reptiles; DNA-seq; sex chromosomes; sex determination; qPCR

Online: 5 November 2020 (14:14:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0652.v1

Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Genetics in the Context of Multidisciplinary Cinical Approach

Aleksandra Szczawińska-Popłonyk, Eyal Schwartzmann, Zuzanna Chmara, Antonina Głukowska, Tomasz Krysa, Maksymilian Majchrzycki, Maurycy Olejnicki, Paulina Ostrowska, Joanna Babik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: 22q11.2 deletion; microdeletion; DiGeorge syndrome; velocardiofacial syndrome; dysmorphism; inborn errors of immunity; thymus; congenital heart defect; hypocalcemia

Online: 20 April 2023 (10:41:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1239.v1

Stakeholders' Perceptions Regarding the Impact of the Working Environment on the Occupational Safety, Health, and Well-Being of Street-Based Sex Workers in Brussels

Sophie Gateault, Carita Håkansson, Anna Oudin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: street-based sex workers; sex workers; sex work; occupational health; occupational safety and health; Belgium; Brussels; decriminalization law

Online: 16 September 2024 (14:12:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2003.v1

Repurposing Drugs for Senotherapeutic Effect: Potential Senomorphic Effects of Female Synthetic Hormones

Laura Rosemary Bramwell, Ryan Frankum, Lorna Harries

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Senescence; structure-function screen; synthetic hormone; sex differences; sex-specific; senomorphic

Online: 29 January 2024 (12:49:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0593.v1

Sex-Specific Differences in Toxicity Following Systemic Paclitaxel Treatment and Localized Cardiac Radiotherapy

Nicole Chmielewski Stivers, Benoit Petit, Jonathan Ollivier, Virginie Monceau, Pelagia Tsoutsou, Ana Quintela Pousa, Xiaoming Lin, Charles Limoli, Marie-Catherine Vozenin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: chemotherapy; radiotherapy; sex-specificity

Online: 24 June 2021 (08:47:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0172.v1

The Effect of Cross-Sex Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Metabolism and Hormonal Status in Adult Rats

Andrej Fejes, Paulina Balvoncikova, Dafne Porcel Sanchis, Veronika Borbelyova, Peter Celec, Maria Dzunkova, Roman Gardlík

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: sex differences; testosterone; gut microbiota; microbiome; fecal microbiota transplantation; metabolic disease; cross-sex

Online: 4 December 2023 (10:13:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1276.v1

Understanding Transcription Factors and How They Affect Metabolic Processes in Cucumber Sex Determination

Szymon Turek, Aparna Aparna, Agnieszka Skarzyńska, Wojciech Pląder, Magdalena Pawełkowicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: transcription factors; interactome network; sex development; sex determination; Cucumber (Cucumis sativus); metabolomic processes

Online: 1 May 2023 (00:01:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0584.v1

Sex/Gender Differences in Migraine: Exploring Pathophysiology, the Impact of Sex Hormones, and Tailored Therapeutic Approaches

Faizan Ahmad, Dr Rabeet Tariq, Safa Kaleem

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Migraine; sex hormones; pathology; treatment

Online: 9 September 2024 (09:16:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0684.v1

Potential and Limits of the Synergy Between Cheiloscopy and Rugoscopy in Forensic Odontology

Andrea Trizzino, Davide Albano, Emanuele di vita, Fabio M Sciarra, Simone Vintrici, Lorenzo Reali, Enzo Cumbo, Giuseppa Bilello, Stefania Zerbo, Antonella Argo, Pietro Messina, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cheiloscopy; Rugoscopy, Forensic dentistry; Sex

Online: 11 June 2024 (05:50:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0068.v1

Identification, Expression and Evolutional Analysis of Two cyp19-Like Genes in Amphioxus

Yajun Wang, Jingyuan Lin, Wenjin Li, Guangdong Ji, Zhenhui Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Amphioxus; Invertebrates; Sex differentiation; Cyp19

Online: 1 March 2024 (18:54:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1831.v1

Expectation of Life at Birth by Sex and Area of Residence in India and Bigger States/UT’s (2013-2017): A Review

KHRITISH SWARGIARY

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Birth, expectation, sex, states, India

Online: 30 October 2023 (06:12:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0310.v1

Palatal Rugae as a Discriminating Factor in Determining Sex: A Method Applicable in Forensic Odontology?

Andrea Trizzino, Pietro Messina, Fabio M Sciarra, Stefania Zerbo, Antonina Argo, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: palatal rugae; sex; forensic dentistry

Online: 5 July 2023 (12:38:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0323.v1

Evaluation of Sex Differences in Murine Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Neutropenic Models of Invasive Mucormycosis

Teclegiorgis Gebremariam, Sondus Alkhazraji, Abdullah Alqarihi, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Laura K. Najvar, Thomas F. Patterson, Scott G. Filler, Ashraf S. S. Ibrahim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Rhizopus; Mucor; Mucormycosis; Murine; sex

Online: 12 April 2021 (21:07:37 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0060.v1

Some Potentially Strategic Considerations for the Sex-Bot Industry

Glenn W. Smith

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: sexually-enable robot; sex-bot

Online: 8 January 2018 (09:56:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0187.v1

Sample Preservation and Plant Sex Prediction in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) Seedlings

Asrat Asfaw, Paterne Agre, Chidinma Nwachukwu, Bunmi Olasanmi, Jude Obidiegwu, Emmanuel Nwachukwu, Patrick Adebola, David De Koeyer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: dioecious; DNA quality; flower type; sample preservation method; sex genotype; sex phenotype; visual assay

Online: 14 February 2020 (04:22:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202411.0119.v1

Endocrine Hormones and Their Impact on Pubertal Gynecomastia

Ziang Shi, Minqiang Xin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: puberty; gynecomastia; sex hormones; endocrinology; adolescence

Online: 5 November 2024 (04:44:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.2063.v1

The Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Sex Hormone Profile in Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Mohammad Abbasi, Ali Askari, Atefeh Azizi, Ghasem Jabbari, Navid Aghamohamadi, Ashghar Javidan, Maryam Dindar, Alireza Asadi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Reproductive Medicine Keywords: Flaxseed; Sex hormones; Profile; Meta‐analysis

Online: 28 October 2024 (08:22:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1725.v1

The Relationship between Maternal Smoking and Infant Birth Weight: Improving Accuracy through Urine Cotinine Analysis and Effective Medical Record Strategies

Danica Vojisavljevic, Donna Rudd, Roger Smith, Yogavijayan Kandasamy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: cotinine; birth weight; sex; pregnancy; nicotine

Online: 22 July 2024 (19:09:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0932.v1

Cheiloscopic Evaluation in Forensic Odontostomatology: Exploring Potential and Limitations

Emanuele Di Vita, Davide Albano, Andrea Trizzino, Fabio Massimo Sciarra, Simone Vintrici, Lorenzo Reali, Enzo Cumbo, Giuseppa Bilello, Stefania Zerbo, Antonella Argo, Pietro Messina, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Cheiloscopy; Forensic dentistry; Lip prints; Sex.

Online: 13 June 2024 (14:55:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0149.v1

Cheiloscopic Evaluation in Forensic Odontostomatology

Emanuele Di Vita, Davide Albano, Andrea Trizzino, Fabio Massimo Sciarra, Simone Vintrici, Lorenzo Reali, Enzo Cumbo, Giuseppa Bilello, Stefania Zerbo, Antonella Argo, Pietro Messina, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Cheiloscopy; Forensic dentistry; Lip prints; Sex

Online: 2 April 2024 (08:52:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0130.v1

Sex Differences in Visceral Pain and Comorbidities: Clinical Outcomes, Preclinical Models, and Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Namrata Tiwari, Liya Y Qiao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: pain; visceral; sex; clinical; preclinical; molecule

Online: 3 January 2024 (07:41:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1870.v1

Exploring the Effects of Rearing Densities on Epigenetic Modifications in the Zebrafish Gonads

Alejandro Valdivieso, Marta Caballero-Huertas, Javier Moraleda-Prados, Francesc Piferrer, Laia Ribas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: stress; gonad; sex; methylation; masculinization; rearing

Online: 27 September 2023 (10:46:16 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0215.v1

Alterations in Kidney Structures Caused by Age Vary According to Sex and Dehydration Condition

Susana Quirós Cognuck, Lucas Ferreira de Almeida, Wagner L. Reis, Márcia S. Silva, Gislaine Almeida Pereira, Sandra V. Zorro, André S. Mecawi, Terezila Machado Coimbra, Lucila L.K. Elias, José Antunes Antunes Rodrigues

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; body composition; kidney; sex differences

Online: 11 November 2022 (03:53:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0329.v1

Intersectional Stigma, Identity, and Culture: A Grounded Theory of Female Escort Perspectives from Brazil and Pakistan

Belinda Brooks-Gordon, Nasra Poli

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: sex work; stigma; intersectionality; migrant; culture

Online: 15 September 2020 (04:41:50 CEST)

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Intersectional experiences, socio-cultural meanings, ethnic traditions and morals compound stigma-related stress (Jackson et al., 2020; Schmitz 2019). Sex workers are subject to various stigmatizing forces which can lead to secrecy, isolation and lack of social and cultural support (Koken 2012). Stigmatizing forces include structural humanitarian governance and aid interventions that conflate migration and sex work with insidious constraints and coercion. This study explored how migrant female sex workers from distinctive ethnic cultures manage their identity on a day to day basis in relation to the separation of work and home life. Methods: The perspectives of female sex workers were collected via a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews. The inclusion criteria were that the women had worked in sex work for over 18months, defined their involvement in sex work as voluntary, and were over 18yrs of age. The perspectives of seven women from South Asian (Pakistani), Brazilian, and British backgrounds were analyzed using Grounded Theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Ethnicity was considered to explore how the women experienced stigma, how it impacted on the management of their identity, and how the process of change occurred. Results: The women used a variety of methods to maintain work and home life boundaries, processes they used switch into a role and all experienced stigma and tried to deal with it in ways such as concealment from friends and family. Two core categories and properties emerged from the data as participants felt guilt and/or shame but only the South Asian participants spoke of this with reference to their culture and religion. Conclusion: It was not migration per se but rather the relationship of migration to culture that was key to identity management. Participants reflected that as their country was considered collectivist country with interdependent thought, that any negativity felt could not only be reflected on the individual, but also the entire family. For these reasons Pakistani sex workers were subject to more complex stigmatizing forces, shame and guilt as regards risk and exposure. Discussion focusses on the processes and management strategies used to extend social and cultural support.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0034.v1

Problems Associated with Marketing Food and Drink Specifically at Women

Charles Spence

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Marketing Keywords: food marketing; sex/gender; advertising; nutrition

Online: 2 July 2019 (08:27:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0127.v1

Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves

Sophie Breton, Charlotte Capt, Davide Guerra, Donald Stewart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sex determination; exual systems; bivalvia; mitochondria

Online: 30 June 2017 (07:28:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1707.v1

Hydrolyzed Feather Meal Substitutes Poultry Meat in Diet of Dogs: Investigation of Animal Gut Microbiome

Fatemeh Balouei, Bruno Stefanon, Rosangela Armone, Andrea Randazzo, Biagina Chiofalo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Hydrolyzed Feather Meal; Fecal Microbiota; Dog; Sex

Online: 23 September 2024 (12:20:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1772.v1

Sex Differences in Human Brain Networks from the Perspective of Small-World Properties

Yingying Zhou, Yicheng Long

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neuroimaging; brain network; brain connectome; sex difference

Online: 25 June 2024 (14:24:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1168.v1

Raising Awareness about Sex Trafficking Among School Personnel

Elena Savoia, Amy Liu, Amy Leffler, Léa Kay Nadril Churchill, Maxwell Su

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: sex trafficking; human trafficking; schools; teachers; adolescents

Online: 18 June 2024 (12:13:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1998.v1

Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Sex in Mexico: A Multi-institutional Collaboration

Javier Melchor-Ruan, Luis Santiago Ruiz, Blanca Olivia Murillo-Ortiz, Samuel Rivera Rivera, Yelda A Leal Herrera, David Suarez Garcia, José María Remes-Troche, Peter Grube, Gustavo Martinez Mier, Erika Ruiz-García, Alan Ramos Mayo, Jose Antonio Ruiz Velarde Velasco, Ricardo Gamboa Gutierrez, Karla Gabriela Ordoñez Escalante, Laura Esthela Cisneros-Garza, Pilar Leal Leyte, Jesús Sepúlveda-Delgado, Maria Sarai Gonzalez Huezo, Ricardo Arvizu Castillo, Jorge Urias Rocha, Celia Beatriz Flores de la Torre, Leonardo Manuel Carrillo Mendoza, Juan Manuel Gamez del Castillo, Martín Lajous, Adriana Monge, Daniel Zamora-Valdés

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; cancer epidemiology; sex differences; Mexico

Online: 30 May 2024 (08:14:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1531.v1

Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Non‐Genomic Signaling of Estrogen

Brian Joseph Harvey, Harry Myles Harvey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: colon cancer; estrogen; estrogen receptors, sex differences

Online: 23 November 2023 (13:35:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1406.v1

Lipidomic Analysis on Gender-Dependent Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis in Hras12V Transgenic Mice

Juefu Hu, Huiling Li, Nan Mao, Huaiyuan Di, Yanan Zhao, Jun Chen, Aiguo Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: lipidomics; hepatocellular carcinoma; ras oncogene; sex disparity

Online: 22 November 2023 (08:48:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1371.v1

The Effect of Sex Differences in Percentage of Body Fat on Speed and Endurance Running Performance

Asma Kacem, Ghassen Ben Mansour, Laurent Grélot, Foued Ftaiti

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: sex; fat mass; speed; maximum aerobic velocity

Online: 22 November 2023 (03:47:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1009.v1

Tailoring Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment through a Gender Lens

Loreto Carmona, Elena Aurrecoechea, Maria Jesus Garcia-Yebenes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; gender; sex; susceptibility; treatment effect

Online: 16 November 2023 (03:06:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0683.v2

Perception Of Pre-Marital Sex, Courtship among Osun State University Undergraduates, Osogbo, Osun State

Abdulazeez A. Olayiwola, Adeyemi O. Omoge, Abayomi Olarinmoye, Grace Benzard, Halima U. Yahaya, Odunayo G. Aborisade, Jennifer Osolase

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Pre-Marital Sex; courtship; influences; university; undergraduates

Online: 17 October 2023 (03:38:54 CEST)

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BACKGROUND: Pre-marital sex is a sexual interest practiced by people who are yet to get married and has ended up being accepted specifically in western countries. Sex before marriage is sexual behavior engaged in by single people. In the past, having sex before getting married is seen as a moral dilemma that many cultures forbade and that many people regarded to be sin in many religions, although it has gained wider acceptance across the board. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the perception, practices, and factors associated with pre-marital sex, courtship, and its influences among Osun State University Undergraduates, Osogbo, Osun State. METHODOLOGY: The study was a descriptive study, and respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Students of Osun State University, Osogbo main campus form the population of the study and its sample size was calculated using Leslie Kish’s formula. A total of 387 responses were validated from the survey. The instrument for data collection was a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire consisting of four sections. The data obtained were collated, examined for completion, coded, imputed, and analyzed using SPSS v21. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was between 19.19±2.17, and the majority were between 18 – 24 years. About 52% of the respondents show a positive perception of premarital sex and courtship. Also, in the practice of courtship majority (88.3%) of the respondents think those that go around together are courting and from the responses obtained and analyzed from the factors leading to pre-marital sex, the findings revealed that peer pressure (90.4%), Internet (86.7%), pornography (83.9%) and drugs (82.9%) are the leading factors which contribute to pre-marital sex among undergraduates. CONCLUSION: The study hereby recommends that Parents should as a matter of responsibility monitor and pays regular visits to their children in the universities and provide them with materials that will make them stay comfortable for them not to fall victim to peer pressure.Pre-marital sex is a practice that should be avoided by undergraduate students, though most students consider courtship as a normal practice, it is still used as a normal factor that leads them to practice pre-marital sex.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0640.v1

Sex Differences in Bone, Muscle, and Inflammatory Markers and Their Associations with Muscle Performance Variables

Pragya Sharma Ghimire, Adam Eckart, Ibtihal K. Al-Makhzoomy, James Stavitz

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Wnt signaling; inflammation; muscle performance; sex difference

Online: 10 October 2023 (11:54:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2021.v1

Developmental Changes and Sex Differences in Infants' Neural Sensitivity to Emotional Prosodies in Spoken Words

Chieh Kao, Yang Zhang

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: emotional prosody; mismatch response; sex differences; infancy

Online: 3 October 2023 (03:44:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1904.v2

The Indirect Effects of Vitamin D3 on the Aging Process According to Gender

Daniela Florina Trifan, Adrian Gheorghe Tirla, Calin Mos, Adrian Danciu, Florian Bodog, Felicia Manole, Timea Claudia Ghitea

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: Face-lifting; vitamin D; collagen; sex difference

Online: 31 July 2023 (11:38:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1242.v1

Exploring the Evolutionary Relics of Sex-chromosomes of Divergent Animal Species through Comparative Analysis of the Predicted SSR Sequences and CpG Islands

Barinder Singh Grewal, Shilpa Tewari, Håkon Hægland, Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Microsatellite; CpG island; sex chromosomes; DNA markers

Online: 16 June 2023 (12:41:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0185.v1

De Novo Assembly and Annotation of 11 Diverse Shrub Willow (Salix) Genomes Reveals Novel Gene Organization in Sex-Linked Regions

Brennan Hyden, Kai Feng, Timothy B Yates, Sara Jawdy, Chelsea Cereghino, Lawrence B Smart, Wellington Muchero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Salix; shrub willow; genome assembly; sex determination

Online: 12 December 2022 (01:46:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0169.v1

Girls Outperform Boys in Early Syntactic Development? Negative Evidence from Mandarin-Speaking Preschoolers

Nga Yui Tong, Hui Li

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: sex differences; syntactic development; Mandarin-speaking children

Online: 14 February 2022 (09:19:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0116.v2

Frail Males on the American Frontier: The Role of Environmental Harshness on Sex Ratios at Birth Across a Period of Rapid Industrialization

Ryan Schacht, Mike Hollingshaus, Heidi Hanson, Tim Bruckner, Shane J Macfarlan, Douglas Tharp, Ken R Smith

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: sex ratio; prenatal stress; demography; ecological stress

Online: 6 April 2021 (14:57:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0029.v1

On the Difficulty of Marketing Food and Drink Products to Men and/or Women

Charles Spence

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: food marketing; sex/gender; personalization; customization; nutrition

Online: 2 November 2018 (07:00:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0465.v2

The Role of Sexual Prejudice and Aetiology Beliefs on the Italians’ Attitudes towards Adoption by Same-Sex Couples

Silvia Di Battista, Daniele Paolini, Monica Pivetti, Lucia Mongelli

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: beliefs about the aetiology of sexual orientation; sexual prejudice; same-sex couples; same-sex parenting; gay fathers; lesbian mothers

Online: 12 January 2021 (12:34:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1690.v1

On the Non-Homogeneity of Markovian Manpower Model with Application

Elebe E. Nwezza, Kenneth I. Nwojiji, Christian Osagie, Uchenna U. Uwadi, Chukwuneye I. Okonkwo, Nnajiofor C. Nwezza

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Markovian model; Manpower planning; Sex heterogeneity; Time-homogeneity

Online: 22 July 2024 (09:44:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1186.v1

A Math Digital Game and Multiple-Try Use in Primary Students: A Gender Analysis on Motivation and Performance

Claudio Cubillos, Silvana Roncagliolo, Daniel Cabrera-Paniagua, Rosa Maria Vicari

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: Computer-Based Learning; Sex differences; Multiple attempts; MTF

Online: 18 April 2024 (13:44:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1102.v1

Sex Specificities of Human Placental Adaptive Changes: The Influence of Maternal Obesity

Esther Dos Santos, Marta Hita Hernandez, Valérie Sérazin, François Vialard, Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Maternal obesity; placenta; environmental adaptation; sex specificities; reproduction

Online: 28 April 2023 (04:06:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0049.v1

Dietary and Sexual Correlates of Gut Microbiota in the Japa-Nese Gecko, Gekko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836)

Xin-Ru Jiang, Ying-Yu Dai, Yu-Rong Wang, Kun Guo, Yu Du, Jian-Fang Gao, Long-Hui Lin, Peng Li, Hong Li, Xiang Ji, Yan-Fu Qu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: ASVs; diet habit; Gekko japonicus; gut microbiota; sex

Online: 3 March 2023 (01:31:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0377.v1

Calibrating A Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Peter Bröde, Maren Claus, Patrick D. Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann, Klaus Golka, Jan G. Hengstler, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; immunosenescence; physical fitness; physical activity; obesity; sex

Online: 26 September 2022 (05:00:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0361.v1

Impact of Sex in Left Atrial Indices for Prognosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Shiro Hoshida, Koichi Tachibana, Nobutaka Masunaga, Yukinori Shinoda, Tomoko Minamisaka, Hirooki Inui, Keisuke Ueno, Masahiro Seo, Masamichi Yano, Takaharu Hayashi, Akito Nakagawa, Yusuke Nakagawa, Shunsuke Tamaki, Takahisa Yamada, Yoshio Yasumura, Yohei Sotomi, Shungo Hikoso, Daisaku Nakatani, Yasushi Sakata

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Ed/Ea; Fine-Gray model; HFpEF; LAVI; sex

Online: 23 September 2022 (08:09:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1

Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Amina Faheem, Qaisar Raza, Sanaullah Iqbal, Rakhshanda Batool, Umer Faheem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0002.v1

Air Pollution Exposure as a Relevant Risk Factor for COPD Exacerbations in Male and Female Patients

Miguel Enrique Silva Rodriguez, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COPD exacerbation; air pollution; hospital admission; sex differences

Online: 1 October 2021 (10:02:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0110.v1

Effects of Sex and 17β-Estradiol on Cardiac Fibroblast Morphology and Signaling Activities in vitro

Kelsey Watts, Will Richardson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: cardiac fibroblasts; sex-specific; estrogen; fibrosis; heart failure

Online: 6 September 2021 (17:24:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0067.v1

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Sex: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

Esperanza Navarro-Pardo, Fernanda López-Ramón, Yurena Alonso-Esteban, Francisco Alcantud-Marín

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders; Diagnostic Tools; Sex; Differential Diagnostic.

Online: 2 March 2021 (10:05:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0101.v1

Differences between Women and Men Regarding the Security Measures Required of the Hotel Sector to Deal with COVID-19

Alexandra Lenis Escobar, Ramón Rueda López, Antonio Menor Campos, Teresa López-Felipe

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Econometrics And Statistics Keywords: Covid-19; tourism; security measures; sex differences; ANOVA

Online: 4 August 2020 (16:05:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0579.v1

Association between Problematic Internet Use and Sleep Disturbance Among Adolescents: the Role of the Child’s Sex

Jiewen Yang, Yangfeng Guo, Xueying Du, Yi Jiang, Wanxin Wang, Di Xiao, Tian Wang, Ciyong Lu, Lan Guo

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Problematic Internet use, sleep disturbance, sex difference, adolescents

Online: 24 October 2018 (14:15:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0107.v1

Molecular Sex Identification in Dioecious Hippophae rhamnoides L. via RAPD and SCAR Markers

Wu Zhou, Yuwei Wang, Gong Zhang, Guangxiang Luan, Shasha Chen, Jing Meng, Honglun Wang, Na Hu, Yourui Suo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Hippophae rhamnoides L.; dioecious; sex determination; RAPD; SCAR

Online: 9 April 2018 (10:48:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0184.v1

Human Salivary Microbiota Diversity According to Ethnicity, Sex, TRPV1 Variants and Sensitivity to Capsaicin

Elena Vinerbi, Gabriella Morini, Claudia Picozzi, Sergio Tofanelli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Human microbiota; salivary microbiota; ethnicity, sex, TRPV1 gene; capsaicin

Online: 3 October 2024 (11:02:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0336.v1

Adolescents' Knowledge and Misconceptions about Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study in Middle School Students in Portugal

Catarina Abreu, Luísa Sá, Paulo Santos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Adolescent; Sexuality; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Sex Education; Health Education

Online: 5 September 2024 (04:59:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1372.v1

Acute Stimulation of PBMCs Drives Switch from Dopamine-Induced Anti- to proinflammatory Phenotype of Monocytes Only in Women

Leonie Fleige, Silvia Capellino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: dopamine; sex-specific differences; monocytes; B cells; cytokines; human

Online: 20 August 2024 (03:22:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0063.v1

Relationship Between Serum Concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, Age, and Testosterone Levels in Men

Aleksei Igorevich Ryzhkov, Svetlana Yuryevna Sokolova, Alexandra Evgenievna Vasilyeva, Igor Sergeevich Shormanov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: sex hormone binding globulin; SHBG; male hypogonadism; free testosterone

Online: 1 July 2024 (15:01:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1142.v1

Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How can we Help Poplar Resist Pathogens?

Maxim A. Kovalev, Natalya S. Gladysh, Alina S. Bogdanova, Nadezhda L. Bolsheva, Mikhail I. Popchenko, Anna V. Kudryavtseva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Populus; plant pathogens; plant immunity; plant microbiome; plant sex

Online: 15 December 2023 (08:50:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1817.v1

Sex/gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Jessica Barsotti, Gloria Mangani, Roberta Nencioli, Antonio Narzisi, Lucia Pfanner, Anna Maria Chilosi, Paola Cipriani, Alice Mancini, Angela Cosenza, Raffaella Tancredi, Sara Calderoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Language and communication; sex/gender; Autism Spectrum Disorder; children

Online: 26 June 2023 (13:54:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0211.v1

Klotho Regulated by Estrogen Plays a Key Role in Sex Differences in Stress Resilience

Zhinei Tan, Yongxia Li, Yinzheng Guan, Javed Iqbal, Chenyue Wang, Xinming Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: klotho; estrogen; hippocampus; chronic stress; sex difference; stress resilience

Online: 13 December 2022 (01:09:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0152.v1

Eugenio Martelli, Matilde Zamboni, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Mariangela Valentina Puci, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Teresa Messina, Paolo Frigatti, Maria Pia Borrelli, Carlo Ruotolo, Ilaria Ficarelli, Paolo Rubino, Francesco Pezzo, Luciano Carbonari, Andrea Angelini, Edoardo Galeazzi, Luca Calia Di Pinto, Franco Michelino Fiore, Armado Palmieri, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Giulia Mazzitelli, Franco Ragni, Antonio Bozzani, Enzo Forliti, Claudio Castagno, Pietro Volpe, Mafalda Massara, Diego Moniaci, Elisa Pagliasso, Tania Peretti, Mauro Ferrari, Nicola Troisi, Pietro Modugno, Maurizio Maiorano, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Marco Panagrosso, Mario Monaco, Giovanni Giordano, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Antonella Biello, Giovanni Maria Celoria, Alessio Amico, Mauro Di Bartolo, Massimiliano Martelli, Roberta Munaó, Davide Razzano, Giovanni Colacchio, Francesco Bussetti, Gaetano Lanza, Antonio Cardini, Bartolomeo Di Benedetto, Mario De Laurentis, Maurizio Taurino, Pasqualino Sirignano, Pierluigi Cappiello, Andrea Esposito, Santi Trimarchi, Silvia Romagnoli, Andrea Padricelli, Giorgio Giudice, Adolfo Crinisio, Giovanni Di Nardo, Giuseppe Battaglia, Rosario Tringale, Salvatore De Vivo, Rita Compagna, Valerio Stefano Tolva, Ilenia D'Alessio, Ruggiero Curci, Simona Giovannetti, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Giusi Basile, Dalmazio Frigerio, Gian Franco Veraldi, Luca Mezzetto, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: chronic limb-threatening ischemia; outcome; sex; age; limb salvage

Online: 8 December 2022 (09:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0119.v1

CO-St (COVID 19- study): impact of the management of men versus women in the treatment of Covid 19. A Multi-Centric Observational study

Tiziana Ciarambino, filomena pietrantonio, Sara Rotunno, Alessandra Fiorentini, Rosalba Cipriani, Giuseppe Campagna, Giuseppe Straface, Eleonora Pistella, mauro giordano, Francesco Rosiello, Orazio Valerio Giannico, federica lorenzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; gender role; sex differences

Online: 4 August 2021 (15:30:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0163.v1

Urinary Equol is Associated with Bioavailable Testosterone but not Total Testosterone in Women

Hong-li Dong, Feng Xiong, Qing-wei Zhong, Yi-hong Li, Meng Liu, Wen-hua Ling, Xin-yi Tang, Yu-ming Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: equol; bioavailable testosterone; total testosterone; sex hormone-binding globulin

Online: 17 June 2019 (10:53:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0487.v1

Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Serotonin and Tryptophan Metabolism

Tanya Songtachalert, Chutima Roomruangwong, Andre F. Carvalho, Michel Bourin, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: sex; anxiety disorders; 5-HT; tryptophan; immune system; inflammation

Online: 29 August 2018 (08:58:26 CEST)

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Anxiety disorders manifest in women more than in men by almost twofold. This narrative review aims to summarize the sex-related biological factors, which underpin anxiety, focusing on the interactions of sex and tryptophan/serotonin with anxiety.A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE databases from inception until December 31, 2017. This review shows that sex may interact with many serotonin functions thereby modulating anxiety, including 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, 5-HT transporter and central 5-HT concentrations and metabolism. Sex-steroids modulate the expression of serotonin transporter genes, creating a difference in serotonin availability. Sex and estrous cycle phases lead to varying anxiety responses to tryptophan depletion. Testosterone, progesterone and estrogen are important factors in mediating sex differences in serotonin responses to anxiety-generating behavioral tests. At prenatal levels, there are sex-related differences in the reciprocal relationships between serotonin and the HPA-axis, which modulate anxiety-like behaviors. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways induce indoleamine-2,3-dioxynease (IDO) and the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway thereby increasing tryptophan degradation and increasing the production of TRYCATs including kynurenine and quinolinic acid, which may create an overall anxiogenic effect. The effects of immune activation on IDO are significantly more pronounced in women than men and therefore females may show increased levels of anxiogenic TRYCAT following immune challenge. Aberrations in the IDO-activated TRYCAT pathway are found in pregnant females and parturients and are associated with increased anxiety levels in the postnatal period. The results of this review underscore the necessity of studying the associations between serotonin and anxiety in both sexes taking into account the effects of immune activation on IDO and production of anxiogenic TRYCATs. Future anxiety research should focus on the interactions between serotonin/tryptophan and sex, sex hormones, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the HPA axis and the immune system through production of anxiogenic TRYCATs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0064.v1

Few Sex Differences in Hospitalized Suicide Attempters Aged 70 and Above

Stefan Wiktorsson, Therese Rydberg Sterner, Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg, Ingmar Skoog, Anne Ingeborg Berg, Paul Duberstein, Kimberly Van Orden, Margda Waern

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: sex differences; suicide attempt; late life; depression; physical disability

Online: 11 December 2017 (13:04:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1847.v1

Sex-Specific Effects of Combined Heavy Metal Exposure on Blood Pressure: A Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression Analysis

In-Gwon Kim, Seonmi Hong, Sojeong Yim, Jang-Hun Jeong, Kyunghi Choi, Ju-Hee Lee, Young-Seoub Hong, Sang-Yong Eom, Heon Kim, Yong-Dae Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: heavy metals; blood pressure; Bayesian kernel machine regression; sex differences

Online: 27 August 2024 (03:36:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1193.v1

Sub-Saharan Irregular Migrant Women’s Sexuality: A Qualita-Tive Study in Humanitarian Reception Centers Title

Alicia García-León, José Granero-Molina, María del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Irregular Migrant Women; Qualitative Research; Reception Centers; Sexuality; Sex Education.

Online: 18 April 2024 (17:08:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0083.v1

Communicating about Sex Is Important in Generating Positive Perceptions about One’s Sexual and Romantic Life. The Last Decade Has Provided Insight into the Theoretical Applications on Sex Communication Research. While the Focus on Extant Research Focuses

Andre Fedd, Jennifer Anne Samp, Colter Ray

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: Sex Talk, Communicative Processes, Theory Development, Interpersonal Relationships, Sexual Behaviors

Online: 4 March 2024 (09:52:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2202.v1

Unravelling the Nexus of Risky Sexual Practices, and HIV Prevalence Among Young Female Sex Workers in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Olivier Mukuku, Yannick Nkiambi Kiakuvue, Georges Numbi Yumba, Bienvenu Mukuku Ruhindiza, Christian Ngama Kakisingi, Joe Katabwa Kabongo, Claude Mulumba Mwamba

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV; Young female sex worker; Prevalence; Risky sexual practices; Lubumbashi

Online: 31 January 2024 (13:02:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1568.v1

Gender: a Postmodern idea Developed in Association with the Modern Concept of Sex; Implications for Evolving Sexuality

Carol Nash

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: gender; modern thought; sex; capitalism; standardization; eugenics; postmodern thought; sexuality

Online: 23 May 2023 (04:42:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0516.v1

The Confound of Hemodynamic Response Function Variability in Resting-State Functional MRI Studies

D Rangaprakash, Robert Barry, Gopikrishna Deshpande

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: BOLD fMRI; HRF; resting state connectivity; aging; sex differences; confound

Online: 28 February 2023 (09:32:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0075.v1

Use of Antiandrogens as Therapeutic Agents in COVID-19 Patients

Efstathios S. Giotis, Emine Cil, Greg N. Brooke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: coronavirus; TMPRSS2; ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; androgens; sex hormones; antiandrogens

Online: 3 November 2022 (09:21:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0409.v1

Are There Sex Differences in Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Daniela Caldirola, Tatiana Torti, Francesco Cuniberti, Silvia Daccò, Alessandra Alciati, Koen Schruers, Giovanni Martinotti, Domenico De Berardis, Giampaolo Perna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: childhood trauma; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; sex difference; age

Online: 31 May 2022 (03:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0446.v1

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors (Age and Sex), Stroke Types, and Outcomes in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study

Osborne Ikechuckwu Osuegbu, Foluke Olukemi Adeniji, Golden Chukwuemaka Owhonda, Rogers Bariture Kanee, M Alblihed, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Eric Osamudiamwen Aigbogun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Age; Sex; Stroke Types; Outcomes; SEM; Tertiary Hospitals; Rivers State

Online: 20 July 2021 (11:45:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0591.v1

Sex Differences in Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Daniel Rodriguez Bauza, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: inflammation; atopy; exercise induced asthma; exercise induced bronchoconstriction; sex differences

Online: 27 August 2020 (05:31:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0201.v1

Differences between Women and Men Regarding Security Measures to Prevent the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Hotel Sector

Alexandra Lenis Escobar, Ramón Rueda López, Antonio Menor Campos, Teresa López-Felipe

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Covid-19; tourism; security measures; sex differences; ANOVA; hotel sector

Online: 8 August 2020 (04:03:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0146.v1

Differences between Women and Men in terms of Safety Measures to Prevent COVID-19 Pandemic in the Hotel Sector

Alexandra Lenis Escobar, Ramón Rueda López, Antonio Menor Campos, Teresa López-Felipe

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Covid-19; tourism; security measures; sex differences; ANOVA; hotel sector

Online: 6 August 2020 (10:08:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0168.v1

The sex Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation during the Menopause Transition at Rest and after Aerobic Exercise Training

Maycon Jr Ferreira, Rodrigo D. Esposti, Aline O. Jarrete, Carlos H. G. Sponton, Angelina Zanesco

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: sex differences; blood pressure; redox state; perimenopausal women; nitric oxide

Online: 12 December 2019 (09:43:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0168.v1

Fine Motor Precision Tasks: Sex Differences in Performance with and without Visual Guidance across Different Age Groups

Liudmila Liutsko, Ruben Muinos, Josep Maria Tous Ral, María José Contreras

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: fine motor precision; vision; proprioception; sex differences; individual differences; personality

Online: 15 November 2019 (03:46:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0034.v1

Population Dynamics of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumara) in Maine Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton)

Francis Drummond, Elissa Ballamn, Judith Collins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: long-term; sex ratio; action threshold; pest management; insecticide use

Online: 6 May 2019 (08:19:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0262.v1

A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors

Kathleen L. Keller, Samantha M. R. Kling, Bari Fuchs, Alaina L. Pearce, Nicole A. Reigh, Travis Masterson, Kara Hickok

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: sex differences; eating behavior; food intake; biopsychosocial; children; brain imaging

Online: 26 January 2019 (02:49:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1443.v1

Human Robot Interaction and Human-Robot Intimacy: Acceptance of Robots As Intimate Companions

Sophia Bertoni, Christian Klaes, Artur Pilacinski

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: human-robot interaction; human-robot intimacy; intimate companion robots; sex robots

Online: 18 July 2024 (09:00:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0823.v1

Attraction of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Commercially Available Vegetable Oils: Implications in Integrated Pest Management

Junyan Liu, Zhuoer Yu, Xiong Zhao He, Guoxin Zhou, Mengbo Guo, Jianyu Deng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: attractant; Plodia interpunctella; sex pheromone; storage pests; vegetable oil

Online: 10 July 2024 (05:07:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1551.v1

Sex aspects in lipoprotein metabolism, dyslipidemia, and lipid-lowering therapy: A comprehensive review

Jakub Michal Zimodro, Magda Mucha, Heiner K. Berthold, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; cholesterol; dyslipidemia; lipid-lowering therapy; women; sex differences

Online: 22 June 2024 (08:56:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0117.v2

Brain Stars Take the Lead during Critical Periods of Early Postnatal Brain Development: Relevance of Astrocytes in Health and Mental Disorders

Eugenia Vivi, Barbara Di Benedetto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: astrocytes; critical period; synapse phagocytosis; sex differences; neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders

Online: 13 March 2024 (07:22:10 CET)

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In the brain, astrocytes regulate shape and functions of the synaptic and vascular compartments through a variety of released factors and membrane-bound proteins. An imbalanced astrocyte activity can therefore have drastic negative impacts on brain development, leading to the onset of severe pathologies. Clinical and pre-clinical studies show alterations in astrocyte cell number, morphology, molecular makeup and astrocyte-dependent processes in different affected brain regions in neurodevelopmental (ND) and neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders. Astrocytes proliferate, differentiate and mature during the critical period of early postnatal brain development, a time window of elevated glia-dependent regulation of a proper balance between synapse formation/elimination, which is pivotal in refining synaptic connectivity. Therefore, any intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors altering these processes during the critical period may result in an aberrant synaptic remodelling and onset of mental disorders. The peculiar bridging position of astrocytes between synaptic and vascular compartments further allows them to “compute” the brain state and consequently secrete factors in the bloodstream, which may serve as diagnostic biomarkers of distinct healthy or disease conditions.Here, we collect recent advancements regarding astrogenesis and astrocyte-mediated regulation of neuronal network remodelling during early postnatal critical periods of brain development, focusing on synapse elimination. We then propose alternative hypotheses for an involvement of aberrancies in these processes in the onset of ND and NP disorders. In light of the well-known differential prevalence of certain brain disorders between males and females, we also discuss putative sex-dependent influences on these neurodevelopmental events.From a translational perspective, understanding age- and sex-dependent astrocyte-specific molecular and functional changes may help to identify biomarkers of distinct cellular (dys)functions in health and disease, favouring the development of diagnostic tools or the selection of tailored treatment options for male/female patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1936.v1

Studying for Characterization of Ovarian Development and Associated Factors during the Breeding Migration of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River

Shuwei Wei, Zhong Hua, Yanping Yang, Fengjiao Ma, Wei Han, Wei Zhang, Congping Ying, Yanmin Deng, Kai Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Coilia nasus; ovarian development; organizational observation; sex steroid hormones; gene expression

Online: 26 December 2023 (06:59:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1752.v2

Early Age- and Sex-Dependent Regulation of Astrocyte-Mediated Glutamatergic Synapse Elimination in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Setting an Organotypic Brain Slice Culture Investigating Tool

Eugenia Vivi, Lea R Seeholzer, Anastasia Nagumanova, Barbara Di Benedetto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: organotypic brain slice culture; astrocyte; synaptic phagocytosis; critical period; sex differences

Online: 29 November 2023 (09:43:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0880.v1

Challenges in Transition of Care for People With Variations of Sex Characteristics in the European Context

Martin Gramc

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: transition of care; resources; hurdles; psychosocial support; variations of sex characteristics

Online: 14 November 2023 (09:42:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0711.v1

Young Women’s Attitudes and Concerns on Pornography and Their Sexual Experiences: A Qualitative Approach

Mónica Fernández-Ruiz, Olga María López-Entrambasaguas, Jose Manuel Martínez-Linares, José Granero-Molina

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: pornography; qualitative research; sexual behavior; sex education; sexual health; young women

Online: 9 August 2023 (09:05:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0633.v1

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Mini Review of Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose, and Ovarian Histological Improvements

Syawany Wahid, Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Ezza Fazleen Mohd Fathil, Muhammad Naim Rosli, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Reproductive Medicine Keywords: natural products; polycystic ovarian syndrome; lipid profile; sex hormone; blood glucose

Online: 11 July 2023 (05:19:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1440.v1

Development of an Accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assay for Genetic Sex Identification in Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) based on Male-specific anti-Mullerian Hormone (amh) Gene

Kasidis Chaiyasut, Paul Merviel, Peter Palma, Johanna Perschthaler, Eduardo Jimenez Fernandez, Andrew Davie, Alejandro P. Gutierrez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Anti-Müllerian hormone; Cyclopterus lumpus; Male-specific marker; Genetic sex identification

Online: 19 May 2023 (11:36:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0355.v1

Risk Assessment of Transgender People: Development of Rodent Models Mimicking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies and Identification of Sex-Dimorphic Liver Genes as Novel Biomarkers of Sex Transition

Roberta Tassinari, Alessia Tammaro, Gabriele Lori, Sabrina Tait, Andrea Martinelli, Luigia Cangemi, Paolo Frassanito, Francesca Maranghi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: testosterone; estrogen; cyprotenone acetate; masculinizing; feminizing; cytochrome P450; sex-specific genes

Online: 18 November 2022 (10:10:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0178.v1

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals New Genes in a Molecular Network Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Related Clinical Measures

Anastasia Levchenko, Sergey Malov, Alexey Antonik, Anastasia Protsvetkina, Kseniya V. Rybakova, Alexander Kanapin, Alexey N. Yakovlev, Anna Y. Nenasteva, Anton E. Nikolishin, Nikolay Cherkasov, Natalia A. Chuprova, Anna S. Blagonravova, Angelica V. Sergeeva, Tatyana V. Zhilyaeva, Maria K. Denisenko, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Alexander O. Kibitov, And Evgeny M. Krupitsky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: alcohol dependence; comorbidity; gene network; genome-wide association study; sex differences

Online: 9 August 2022 (10:35:29 CEST)

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