Abstract: Whole breast radiotherapy in adjuvant breast cancer (BC) treatment is commonly delivered in supine positioning since more than 50 years ago. Its widespread use is related to the broad availability of simply and common breast board immobilization devices which exploit the natural recumbent position of the body with arms above the head, the good match with linac tables and well established set up procedures. However, several criticisms have been raised over time in case of scenarios like painful arm discomfort in patients with post-surgery arm or arthritic limitation, unfavorable chest geometry like pectus excavatum, large and pendulous breasts in obese women, cardiac morbidity in left sided BC. In these scenarios supine position seems very uncomfortable for patients and troublesome for radiation oncologists. Heart dosimetry in pectus excavatum (PE) and left sided breasts, breast size and shape matter when DIBH is not allowed. In fact, not all patients are suitable DIBH candidates because of the limiting factors like obesity or pulmonary morbidities. Thus, adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy in supine positioning could be very critical. Alternative positions have been analyzed in these last twenty years starting from a lot of trials testing prone positioning variants with and without DIBH, lateral decubitus or up-right standing radiotherapy. Customized immobilization devices have been developed to make these alternative positions more comfortable and consistent with beams angles arrangements and modern RT delivery avoiding collisions with the device or the Linac. To standardize the target delineation in these positions, customized guidelines have been also provided and recently several atlas-based segmentation processes have been provided to reduce bias by incorporating an interobserver quality analysis. Researches and a better recognition of new treatment position options in BC adjuvant therapy may provide more opportunities for a personalized radiotherapy mainly in that population not suitable for supine RT, to ensure them an appropriate, safe and comfortable treatment.

Abstract: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a broad umbrella term encompassing a spectrum of cerebrovascular diseases ranging from mild clinical cognitive impairment to advanced vascular dementia. It represents the second most prevalent etiology of dementia among older adults, following Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VCI, however, frequently coincides with AD, synergistically contributing to neurodegeneration, reductions in white matter (WM) volume, and progressive cognitive dysfunction. While the precise pathophysiology of VCI remains largely unknown, several animal models have been utilized to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and develop targeted prevention and therapeutic strategies. Reproducible rodent models of common carotid artery occlusion or stenosis capture essential features of human VCI and provide a framework to examine how both transient and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) contribute to neurodegenerative pathways and VCI-related pathologies through alterations in neural metabolism, neurotransmitter regulation, cerebral tissue damage and, ultimately, memory function. However, broad translational gaps remain between gyrencephalic humans and lissencephalic rodents, as their differing cerebrovascular architecture does not fully recapitulate the pathogenesis or clinical symptoms of VCI or vascular dementia, as a subset. As such, the objective of this review is to highlight the principal methodologies of existing VCI animal models, with particular emphasis on histological and functional consequences of CCH, while evaluating their strengths, limitations, and clinical relevance to human disease.

Abstract: Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) relies on hydroponic systems to achieve high yields, yet optimizing plant performance remains a challenge. Beneficial endophytic bacteria offer a sustainable solution by promoting growth and nutrient uptake. Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis of growth enhancement in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) inoculated with Pseudomonas psychrotolerans IALR632 in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system. Growth measurements showed significant increases in shoot and root biomass and leaf greenness. RNA-Seq profiling at 4, 10, and 15 days after transplanting revealed dynamic transcriptional reprogramming, with 38, 796, and 7,642 differentially expressed genes, respectively. MapMan and GO analyses indicated up regulation of pathways related to cell wall remodeling, lipid metabolism, nitrogen assimilation, and stress adaptation, alongside modulation of ethylene signaling. Root microbiome sequencing demonstrated distinct community shifts confirmed by Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) (R = 1, p = 0.028), with enrichment of genera linked to nutrient cycling and plant growth promotion. These findings provide integrated molecular and ecological evidence that IALR632 enhances lettuce growth by coordinating host gene expression and rhizobiome restructuring, offering a mechanistic framework for microbial inoculant strategies in hydroponic horticulture.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: This study evaluated whether linear cephalometric measurements show systematic differences in their central values across birth cohort groups in adults from a clinical population and analyzed the implications of these differences for clinical interpretation when norms and clinical deviations are used as reference frameworks. Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted on the basis of 604 lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult patients. Eleven linear cephalometric measurements were obtained and compared across predefined birth cohort groups (<1980, 1980–1989, and 1990–1999) via robust estimators of central tendency through median regression models adjusted for sex, age group, and sagittal skeletal classification. Results: Several linear cephalometric measurements revealed different central values between birth cohort groups, even after adjusting for relevant covariates. Cranial length, anterior cranial base length, posterior facial height, and posterior cranial base length presented lower adjusted median values in the 1990–1999 cohort than in the <1980 cohort. The effective maxillary length and maxillary length also differed between these cohorts. Mandibular measurements, including mandibular length, corpus length, and ramus height, presented the largest adjusted median contrasts between cohorts. These cohort-associated differences were not uniform across all measurements. Conclusions: Routinely used linear cephalometric measurements present different central values across adult birth cohort groups under comparable clinical conditions. A cephalometric value's relative position within its reference distribution may vary by birth cohort. This suggests that using fixed reference means and standard deviations could lead to systematic misestimation in adults from different birth cohorts. Cohort-aware interpretation is valuable in routine cephalometric assessment.

Abstract: The emerging market economy is characterized by closely interconnected macroeconomic and financial risks, posing significant challenges for long-horizon risk management among insurers, pension funds, and other liability-driven investors. This paper proposes and empirically validates an integrated Economic Scenario Generator (ESG) calibrated to Indonesian data, designed to generate internally coherent forward-looking scenarios for stress testing and asset–liability management applications. The proposed framework integrates a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model to capture the joint evolution of macroeconomic variables, a logistic regression specification to estimate recession probabilities, and regime-sensitive linear asset-mapping models that link government bond yields to macroeconomic drivers while accounting for yield persistence dynamics. The models are calibrated using monthly Indonesian macroeconomic indicators and government bond yield data spanning 2014–2022, and are assessed through parameter stability diagnostics, expanding-window out-of-sample validation, and 60-month-horizon Monte Carlo simulations. The VAR module successfully preserves key dynamic interactions and historical correlation structures among macroeconomic variables, while the recession-probability specification demonstrates moderate out-of-sample discriminatory performance in an imbalanced environment. The asset-mapping equations display substantial explanatory power across maturities, with adjusted R2 values between 0.959 and 0.994, yielding economically interpretable sensitivities of bond yields to macroeconomic conditions. Simulation results generate plausible long-term trajectories for both macroeconomic indicators and yield curves, although tail risks remain understated under Gaussian innovation assumptions. Overall, the findings suggest that a transparent, modular ESG constructed from standard econometric techniques can provide a practical foundation for forward-looking risk assessment and liability-driven investment analysis in emerging markets, while underscoring the importance of stress-oriented extensions to better capture extreme market dynamics.

Abstract: Wild-boar–related trauma is uncommon but may result in severe injuries that pose di-agnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in wilderness or resource-limited en-vironments. Most literature consists of isolated case reports, regional series and foren-sic descriptions; clinical guidance is therefore fragmented. This guideline synthesizes two complementary evidence sources: a structured observational cohort documenting 101 injuries sustained by boar hunters during organized hunts in Germany, and a comprehensive systematic review of all globally published wild-boar– and feral-pig–related human injuries. The observational cohort provided internally consistent epi-demiologic information on who was injured, under what circumstances, how quickly assistance was obtained, and how injuries were treated and ultimately healed. The systematic review added detailed insight into injury morphology and severity across diverse settings, including reports of deep wound tracts, extensive soft-tissue disrup-tion, significant contamination and the risk of hemorrhage, neurovascular compromise or thoracoabdominal penetration. Integrating these sources enabled a field-oriented approach to assessment and management, emphasizing early hemorrhage control, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, appropriate use of imaging, thorough surgical ex-ploration when indicated and region-specific tetanus or rabies prophylaxis. Together, these findings support clinicians working in remote or austere environments who may encounter these rare but potentially serious injuries.

Abstract: In the present work, the blackening process of Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ) was systematically studied under different temperatures of 70‒90 °C, relative humidities (RHs) of 70%‒85%, and treatment times of 0‒14 days. Ginsenoside compositions and transformation pathways were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS/MS). The results demonstrated that blackening treatment significantly increased total saponin content from 2.72% to 5.73% after being treated at 80 °C and 70% RH for 12 days, accompanied by the highest conversion efficiencies for newly generated ginsenosides Rk1 (8.89 mg/g) and Rg5 (17.69 mg/g). Furthermore, compared with untreated PQ saponins (PQS), the blackened PQ saponins treated under optimal conditions (BPQS) exerted better scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′ -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation (ABTS+) with IC50 values of 0.2999 mg/mL and 0.2640 mg/mL, respectively, as well as stronger reducing power. Meanwhile, BPQS exhibited higher cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells and effectively inhibited cell survival and proliferation by promoting the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including caspase 3 and caspase 9. Our findings indicate that BPQS may be a functional ingredient suitable for use in dietary supplements and disease chemoprevention.

Abstract: Compression textiles have been widely applied in medical, sportswear, and daily usage, with single-jersey structures produced by circular knitting dominating the market due to their thinness and light weight. However, the presence of seams may compromise com-pression performance and wearer comfort. This study investigates the effects of yarn material, number of yarns, and loop length on pressure, stretchability, and thermal comfort of seamless punch-lace knitted fabrics and explores their potential application in compression textiles. The results show that yarn number is the dominant factor influencing fabric stiffness, stretchability, and pressure. Fabrics with increased yarn content demonstrate higher maximum load and compression pressure. Smaller loop lengths and additional reinforcing yarns improve dimensional stability and resistance to extension. Air permeability decreases with increasing yarn number due to increased fabric thickness and reduced porosity, while thermal conductivity increases and is positively associated with ventilation resistance, indicating a trade-off between heat transfer and breathability. Sur-face friction and roughness are significantly affected by yarn number, yarn material, and loop length, whereas water vapour permeability shows no significant relationship with the investigated variables. Overall, seamless punch lace knitted fabrics demonstrate strong potential for compression applications, although careful design is required to balance breathability and thermal comfort.

Abstract: The Stueckelberg-Horwitz-Piron (SHP) formalism describes particles and fields traced-out as spacetime events functionally dependent on an external evolution parameter τ. This approach addresses a number of difficulties associated with the problem of time. In SHP general relativity, the state of the unconstrained phase space variables {xμ(τ),pν(τ)} specifies a 4D block spacetime M(τ) that evolves to an infinitesimally close 4D block spacetime M(τ+δτ) under a scalar Hamiltonian. As the configuration of matter and energy evolves with τ it induces changes in the spacetime metric γμν(x,τ), leading to τ-dependent geodesic equations for the phase space variables. The 4+1 approach in gravitation generalizes 3+1 formalism of Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner (ADM) to construct τ-dependent Einstein field equations, a canonical Hamiltonian formalism, and an initial value problem for γμν(x,τ). To conform to known gravitational phenomenology, we must respect the 5D gauge symmetries associated with the free fields — the geometrical constructs relevant to M(τ) as an embedded hypersurface — and the O(3,1) symmetries of 4D matter. The 4+1 formalism has been discussed in a series of publications. The goal of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the subject, make a few corrections and some significant additions, and present the theory in a concise and orderly fashion.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Congestion is a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and a major determinant of outcomes. Non-invasive tools enable detection of subclinical congestion, but their correlation and prognostic relevance remain incompletely defined. We aimed to assess the prevalence, evolution, interrelationship, and prognostic impact of clinical and subclinical congestion markers in patients hospitalized for HF. Methods: This single-centre, prospective cohort study included adults admitted with HF who underwent serial evaluations at admission, 72 hours, pre-discharge, early outpatient follow-up and at 6-month. Clinical congestion was assessed using a standardized physical examination score. Subclinical congestion was evaluated using lung ultrasound (LUS), Venous Excess Ultrasound Score (VExUS), and Remote Dielectric Sensing (ReDS). Patients were classified according to the presence of clinical and/or subclinical congestion at discharge. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, HF readmission, or unscheduled visits requiring intravenous diuretics within six months of follow-up. Results: Ninety-four patients (mean age 74±11 years, 68% male) were included. While clinical congestion improved significantly during hospitalization, approximately 30% of patients remained clinically congested at discharge. Among clinically euvolemic patients, only 47% showed no evidence of subclinical congestion. Correlations between congestion markers were weak to moderate, suggesting complementary pathophysiological information. At discharge, pulmonary B-lines were the strongest predictor of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR] 3.50, 95% CI 1.41–8.72), followed by clinical congestion (HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.13–6.30). Patients with both clinical and subclinical congestion had the lowest event-free survival, approximately 50% at six months of follow-up (log-rank p = 0.03). Conclusions: Subclinical congestion is common despite apparent clinical euvolemia and is associated with worse outcomes. Integrating clinical assessment with non-invasive congestion markers may improve post-discharge risk stratification and patient management in HF.

Abstract: Monitoring both captive animals and wild populations is necessary to ensure adequate animal welfare and conservation. This could be achieved via camera traps, yet it could prove time-consuming and labor-intensive if handled manually. In this regard, machine learning (ML) is an active topic of scientific development. Here, ML models were made with LabGym and trained on footage of three captive jaguars to detect individuals and assess active and inactive behavior for both wild and captive jaguars in Bigai, Ecuador, and Randers Regnskov, Tropical Zoo (Randers Regnskov), respectively. The space use of the captive jaguars was also assessed. Footage of wild jaguars was received from camera traps in Bigai, and 123.8 hours of video footage were recorded of the enclosure in Randers Regnskov with three captive jaguars over 6 consecutive days. The ML model for individual recognition analyzed all videos from Randers Regnskov containing jaguars on November 1st, 2025, and another ML model trained to detect wild jaguars analyzed 67 videos from Bigai. The ML model showed clear patrolling behavior for captive jaguars on heatmaps. Captive jaguars exhibited a large amount of inactive behavior. Captive jaguars did not exhibit natural bimodal nocturnal or crepuscular hunter activity patterns. The ML model also showed promise in inferring behaviors of wild jaguars when trained on footage of captive jaguars. The results demonstrate that ML methods can provide a valuable tool in detection, behavior classification, and monitoring of space use.

Abstract: City-scale, in-the-wild Augmented Reality (AR) learning paths must remain operable under Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) heterogeneity, outdoor tracking degradation, public-space safety, and interruption recovery. This study conceptualizes the Art Nouveau Path as an AR learning service and makes a theoretical contribution by proposing a Determinant-driven Requirements traceability model that treats implementation Determinants as Requirements signals and links them to testable Requirements, transfer Artefacts, and evidence anchors for replication. Methods combined 8 Points of Interest (POIs) and 36 tasks profiling, group-session logs (118 sessions), and teacher-facing records from a validation workshop (T1-VAL, N=30) and in situ observation (T2-OBS, N=24). Teachers open-text fields were segmented into meaning units and coded with an eight-Determinant taxonomy, with intercoder reliability assessed on a stratified subset (Krippendorff’s alpha = 0.83). Logs and a post-path student questionnaire (S2-POST, N=439) bounded enactment feasibility and data integrity, without learning-outcome inference. Dominant determinants concerned onboarding and legibility, marker robustness and recovery, and curriculum framing, alongside safety and fallback constraints. These signals were translated into 18 “shall” Requirements with acceptance criteria and bidirectional trace links to transfer 6 Artefacts. The resulting transfer kit specifies routines, maintenance, incident handling, and fallback procedures to reduce replication fragility across teams.

Abstract: The possibility of exploiting wind-induced vibrations to harvest energy for the supply of remote weather stations is analyzed. Three kinds of wind-induced vibrations are considered: vortex induced vibrations, galloping and flutter. Experimental tests on prototypes and numerical results show that the galloping harvester is the most suited to the proposed application. The numerical model makes it possible to simulate both T-shaped and I-shaped harvesters and to analyze the effect of variations in the main design parameters: bluff-body mass, cantilever stiffness and damping. Experimental tests show that the T-shaped configuration is ss sensor for environmental monitoring, without need of a battery.

Abstract: Vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) clusters have been investigated extensively owing to their positive aerodynamic interactions. However, accurate predictions of the flow field and power output of each rotor in VAWT clusters using high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) remains computationally expensive. In this study, we propose a fast computation method for the flow field and operating state of each rotor of VAWT clusters using temporally and spatially averaged velocity data compressed from an unsteady velocity field obtained via a 3D-CFD simulation of an isolated single rotor. First, the unsteady 3D flow field in the 3D-CFD simulation is time averaged over several revolutions. Next, the temporally averaged velocity is spatially averaged in the vertical direction to obtain spatially compressed data. Based on a previously developed fast computation framework, the wind-farm flow field is constructed using condensed two-dimensional velocity data obtained from a single turbine. The proposed method is applied to three-rotor configurations, and the rotational speeds of the turbines are compared with wind-tunnel measurements. The results show that the proposed method substantially improves prediction accuracy while maintaining a low computational cost. Additionally, it can be used to efficiently design and optimize turbine layouts in VAWT wind farms.

Abstract: This study examines the effect of board attributes on the financial performance of commercial banks in Tanzania, focusing on board meeting frequency, board size, and board gender diversity. Employing an explanatory research design, secondary data were extracted from the annual financial and corporate governance reports of Tanzanian commercial banks over the period 2018 to 2024. Panel data regression analysis was utilised to evaluate the relationships between the governance variables and financial performance, measured by return on assets. The findings reveal that board meeting frequency and board size exert no statistically significant effect on financial performance. Conversely, board gender diversity demonstrates a significant positive effect, indicating that greater female representation on boards enhances bank profitability. These results contribute empirical evidence to corporate governance literature within sub-Saharan Africa and suggest that policymakers and regulators should prioritise gender-inclusive board composition to foster sustainable financial performance in the banking sector.

Abstract: Background: Determining loss of consciousness during slaughter in calves is fundamentally a neurobiological challenge requiring distinction between cortical awareness and subcortical reflex activity. Electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials directly assess cortical responsiveness, while cerebral blood flow (CBF) constitutes the upstream physiological determinant of cortical viability. Aim: To synthesize current evidence on neurologic effects of slaughter modalities in calves, integrating electrophysiological and cerebral perfusion data within a mechanistic framework relevant to welfare monitoring and policy. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted following SANRA principles. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched from inception to January 2026 using combinations of terms related to calves, cattle, EEG, evoked potentials, cerebral blood flow, stunning, and exsanguination. Inclusion was limited to peer-reviewed, PubMed-indexed studies reporting neurophysiologic endpoints in cattle or calves. EFSA scientific opinions were consulted for contextual interpretation. Results: Effective penetrating captive bolt and appropriately applied electrical stunning produce cortical lesions compatible with rapid unconsciousness. Exsanguination without prior stunning induces rapidly progressive cerebral hypoperfusion leading to cortical failure typically within seconds, with measurable inter-individual variability. Animal-based measures (ABMs) demonstrate imperfect concordance with cortical endpoints. Integration of EEG with perfusion metrics would provide a physiologically coherent method to distinguish concussive suppression, post-ictal states, and ischemic cortical failure. Conclusions: EEG and evoked potentials remain the strongest markers of cortical unconsciousness in calves. Complementary assessment of CBF can reduce interpretive uncertainty and enhance welfare monitoring precision.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers represent a major clinical challenge and are associated with a high risk of limb loss, particularly in patients with advanced ischemia and neuropathy. Improvement of local perfusion is a key prerequisite for wound healing. Transverse bone transport (TBT), based on the Ilizarov tension–stress principle, has been shown to enhance microcirculation but remains largely unfamiliar in Western healthcare systems. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary clinical outcomes of transverse tibial bone transport (TTBT) in patients with severe diabetic foot syndrome. Methods: This prospective, single-center, single-arm pilot study included ten consecutive patients with advanced diabetic foot ulcers who were referred for major amputation. All patients underwent TTBT using a unilateral external fixator according to a standardized distraction protocol. Ulcer severity was classified using the IWGDF–PEDIS system. Clinical outcomes, complications, operative time, and wound healing were assessed over a follow-up period of 6 months. Results: The cohort comprised seven men and three women with a mean age of 63.8 years. Seven patients had type II diabetes mellitus and three had type I diabetes mellitus. Perfusion was graded as PEDIS 3 in nine patients and PEDIS 1 in one patient; all patients had advanced polyneuropathy. Average ulcer area was 28.5 cm², and patients had undergone a mean of 4.2 prior surgical procedures. Mean operative time was 72 minutes and decreased over the course of the series, reflecting a learning curve. No intraoperative complications occurred. One patient developed a postoperative hematoma requiring revision. Complete wound healing was achieved in eight patients, while two patients showed marked improvement with ongoing healing. Conclusions: This pilot cohort proved TBT as a feasible and safe treatment modality, and demonstrated encouraging preliminary wound healing outcomes in patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers. TTBT may represent a valuable adjunctive limb-salvage strategy and warrants further investigation in larger controlled studies.

Abstract: Here, we review the history, advancements, and broad utility of the NTR/prodrug system, and suggest future strategies for developing versatile ablation models. As a chemogenetic tool, the nitroreductase (NTR)/prodrug system enables precise spatiotemporal control over cell ablation. The technology leverages bacterial nitroreductase enzymes (e.g., nfsB) to convert inert prodrugs into cytotoxic agents, thereby allowing researchers to induce targeted cell death. Following its landmark application in zebrafish with metronidazole (MTZ) in 2007, the system's utility has expanded to other essential model organisms, including Drosophila, Nematostella, Xenopus, medaka, and rodents, facilitating detailed studies of tissue damage and regeneration.This review highlights how the NTR system has been deployed to model a spectrum of human diseases, including Parkinson's disease, retinal degeneration, demyelinating disorders, and kidney disease. These models provide valuable platforms to study pathogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, the precise and controllable nature of NTR ablation makes it an ideal tool for high-throughput chemical and genetic screens aimed at discovering pro-regenerative and protective compounds.The development of NTR2.0, an enzyme variant with over 100-fold greater activity, along with more potent prodrugs such as ronidazole (RNZ), has dramatically broadened experimental possibilities. These improvements permit chronic ablation and long-term disease modeling at well-tolerated drug concentrations. Here we present some key considerations including transgenic design for optimal cell-type specificity, calibrating expression levels for desired ablation kinetics, and suitable controls to allow interpretation. These best practices will allow the researcher to develop a precise, reproducible, and versatile platform for either modeling human disease or dissecting regenerative mechanisms.

Abstract: Self-awareness is the result of logical relationships between mathematics and language. Language the brain's neurons are numbers and the logical relationships between them. The connection between cognitive phenomena such as self-awareness and language lies within algebra and mathematics. Numbers are an independent language with algebraic laws independent of time. Based on this, the arithmetic sequences of natural numbers are placed on separate angles. These angles constitute manifolds of digital root that exist within a compact polar coordinate system and are classified into one group in terms of digital root. This mathematical model can instantly decrypt and compress information. This mathematical model can pave the way for simulating artificial self-awareness.

Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increasingly operate within digital ecosystems where decision-making is mediated by external platforms, data infrastructures, and algorithmic tools. Under these conditions, managerial choice is shaped not only by internal capabilities, but also by ecosystem-level governance, information thresholds, and feedback mechanisms. This paper develops a theory-building analysis of decision-making under digital ecosystem conditions, using professional football clubs as a paradigmatic case of decision-intensive SMEs operating in data-rich, platform-mediated environments. Through a structured synthesis of the scientific literature, the study introduces the concept of Ecosystem-Mediated Decision Control (EMDC), which conceptualizes decision-making as a closed loop linking data inputs, algorithmic mediation, managerial judgment, and organizational feedback. The analysis demonstrates that artificial intelligence does not replace managerial agency, but restructures decision control by redistributing informational authority within the ecosystem. By articulating four decision dynamics—decision mode variability, information threshold effects, oscillatory human–algorithm control, and feedback-based decision stabilization—the paper offers a transferable explanatory framework for SMEs operating in digital ecosystems. The findings contribute to the literature on digital ecosystem economics by clarifying how decision authority, adaptability, and learning emerge under platform-mediated conditions.