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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0530.v2

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months After Infection in an Outbreak With Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study

Salvador Domènech-Montoliu, Joan Puig-Barberà, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Paula Vidal-Utrillas, Marta Latorre-Poveda, Alba Del Rio-González, Sara Ferrando-Rubert, Gema Ferrer-Abad, Manuel Sánchez-Urbano, Laura Aparisi-Esteve, Gema Badenes-Marques, Belen Cervera-Ferrer, Ursula Clerig-Arnau, Claudia Dols-Bernad, Maria Fontal-Carcel, Lorna Gomez-Lanas, David Jovani-Sales, Maria Carmen Leòn-Domingo, Maria Dolores Llopico-Vilanova, Mercedes Moros-Blanco, Cristina Notari-Rodríguez, Raquel Ruíz-Puig, Sonia Valls-López, Alberto Arnedo-Pena

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; antibodies; cohort; population-based; body mass index; ECLIA

Online: 23 September 2021 (11:10:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0498.v1

On the Low-Lying Electronically Excited States of Azobenzene Dimers: Transition Density Matrix Analysis

Evgenii Titov

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: azobenzene; transition density matrix; exciton; charge transfer; excited states; TD-DFT; ADC(2)

Online: 21 June 2021 (10:20:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0237.v1

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetic and the Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

Jean-Louis Bayart, Laure Morimont, Mélanie Closset, Grégoire Wieërs, Tatiana Roy, Vincent Gerin, Marc Elsen, Christelle Eucher, Sandrine Van Eeckhoudt, Nathalie Ausselet, Clara David, François Mullier, Jean-Michel Dogné, Julien Favresse, Jonathan Douxfils

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; BNT162b2; antibody, serology; kinetic; age; gender; BMI; blood-group.

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:48:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0232.v1

Effect of COVID-19-related Lockdown οn Hospital Admissions for Asthma and COPD Exacerbations: Associations with Air Pollution and Patient Characteristics

Ioanna Sigala, Timoleon Giannakas, Vasileios Giannakoulis, Efthimios Zervas, Aikaterini Mprinia, Niki Gianniou, Andreas Asimakos, Efhrosyni Dima, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Paraskevi Katsaounou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-SoV-2; hospital admissions; COPD exacerbation; asthma exacerbation; air pollution

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:27:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0750.v1

Origin, Phylogeny, Variability and Epitope Conservation of SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide

Filipa F Vale, Jorge M.B. Vítor, Andreia T. Marques, José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira, Elsa Anes, João Gonçalves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 genomics; spike protein; epitope prediction; coronavirus comparative genomics

Online: 31 May 2021 (11:36:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0623.v1

Clinical Performance of Paraoxonase-1-Related Variables and Novel Markers of Inflammation in Coronavirus Disease-19. A Machine Learning Approach

Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs, Simona Iftimie, Helena Castañé, Gerard Baiges-Gaya, Anna Hernández-Aguilera, María González-Viñas, Antoni Castro, Jordi Camps, Jorge Joven

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: biomarkers; chemokines; COVID-19; galectin-3; machine learning; paraoxonase-1; SARS-CoV-2.

Online: 26 May 2021 (08:06:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0557.v1

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Monitoring for Piedmont, Italy

Angelo Robotto, David Lembo, Paola Quaglino, Enrico Brizio, Denis Polato, Andrea Civra, Jessica Cusato, Giovanni Di Perri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; treatment; plant; Environmental Virology Monitoring and Surveillance; E gene

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:35:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0552.v1

Abnormal Liver Biochemistry Tests and Acute Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients: Current Evidence and Potential Pathogenesis

Donovan A. McGrowder, Fabian Miller, Melisa Anderson Cross, Lennox Anderson-Jackson, Sophia Bryan, Lowell Dilworth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Liver; biochemistry tests; function; COVID-19; injury; SARS-CoV-2; infection; severity; mortality

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:14:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0552.v1

Role of Information Technology in COVID19 Vaccination Drive: An Analysis of the COVID-19 Global Beliefs, Behaviors, and Norms Survey

Debjyoti Talukdar, Kire Stojkovski, Daniel Suarez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID19; vaccine; SARS nCoV-2; information technology; COVID19 vaccine survey; MIT vaccine survey

Online: 20 April 2021 (14:35:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0530.v1

ISIDOG Consensus Guidelines on Covid-19 Vaccination for Women before, during and after Pregnancy

Gilbert Gerard Ghislain Donders, Svitrigaile Grinceviciene, Kai Haldre, Risa Lonnee-Hofmann, Francesca Donders, Aristotelis Tsiakalos, Albert Adriaanse, Jose Martinez de Oliveira, Kevin Ault, Werner Mendling

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: vaccine, pregnancy complication, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, maternal complications, pandemic, prevention, safety

Online: 20 April 2021 (11:22:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Working Paper ARTICLE

A Comparison of the Level of Acceptance and Hesitancy towards the Influenza Vaccine and the Forthcoming COVID-19 Vaccine in the Medical Community

Magdalena Grochowska, Aleksandra Ratajczak, Gabriela Zdunek, Aleksander Adamiec, Paweł Waszkiewicz, Wojciech Feleszko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine; vaccine hesitancy; Healthcare Workers; Flu vaccine; Influenza; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 12 April 2021 (12:33:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0193.v2

SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed Against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise

Ralf Duerr, Keaton M. Crosse, Ana Mayela Valero Jimenez, Meike Dittmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; HIV; zoonotic viruses; COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics; viral entry

Online: 8 April 2021 (10:51:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0132.v1

Analyzing the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Risk Level in the US Counties

Samira Ziyadidegan, Moein Razavi, Homa Pesarakli, Amir Hossein Javid

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: multinomial logistic regression; K-means clustering; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; meteorological variables

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:49:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0178.v1

Modeling of Renewable Energy Systems by a Self-Evolving Nonlinear Consequent Part Recurrent Type-2 Fuzzy System (NCPRT2FS) for Power Prediction

Jafar Tavoosi, Amir Abolfazl Suratgar, Mohammad Bagher Menhaj, Amir Mosavi, Ardashir Mohammadzadeh, Ehsan Ranjbar

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Self-Evolving, Recurrent Type-2 Fuzzy, Nonlinear Consequent Part, Convergence Analysis, Renewable Energy.

Online: 5 March 2021 (09:57:24 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

A Critical Review of Disinfection Processes to Control SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in the Food Industry

Adrián Pedreira, Yeşim Taşkın, Míriam R. García

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 pandemic; food industry; disinfection trade-offs; one-health

Online: 15 December 2020 (12:58:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0176.v1

Why Appreciation of Pulmonary Vitamin D Metabolism Should Temper Expectations for Vitamin D Supplementation to Reduce Disease Severity and Improve Clinical Outcome of COVID-19

Rob Janssen, Jona Walk, Jody M.W. van den Ouweland

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Vitamin D; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; endothelialithis; CYP27B1; vitamin D receptor; CYP24A1

Online: 7 December 2020 (19:43:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0613.v3

Review of Infective Dose, Routes of Transmission, and Outcome of COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Comparison with Other Respiratory Viruses

Sedighe Karimzadeh, Raj Bhopal, Huy Nguyen Tien

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: infective dose; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; respiratory viruses; viral load; viral dynamics

Online: 7 December 2020 (11:36:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0463.v3

Trends of Mutation Accumulation Across Global SARS-CoV-2 Genomes: Implications for the Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus

Chayan Roy, Santi M Mandal, Suresh K Mondol, Shriparna Mukherjee, Wriddhiman Ghosh, Ranadhir Chakraborty

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; genome-wide mutations; transition; transversion; nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations; microevolution

Online: 5 October 2020 (10:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0486.v1

A Meta-analysis of Comorbidities in COVID-19: Which Diseases increase the Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

Srinivasan Ramachandran, Manoj Kumar Singh, Ahmed Mobeen, Amit Chandra, Sweta Joshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; comorbidity; SARS-CoV-2; leukemia; NAFLD; psoriasis; cancer; type II diabetes

Online: 21 September 2020 (03:32:58 CEST)

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Background: Comorbidities have been frequently reported in COVID-19 patients, which often lead to more severe outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind these clinical observations have not yet been explained. Herein, we investigated the disease-specific gene expression signatures that may induce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We studied 30 frequently occurring acute, chronic, or infectious diseases of recent times that have shown comorbidity in one or another respiratory disease(s) caused by pathogenic human infecting coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. We retrieved array-based gene expression data for each disease and control from relevant datasets. Subsequently, all the datasets were quantile normalized, and log-2 transformed data was used for analysis. Results The expression of ACE2 receptor and host proteases, namely FURIN and TMPRSS2 that are essential for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2, was upregulated in all six studied subtypes of leukemia (hereafter, referred as leukemia). The expression of ACE2 was also increased in psoriasis, lung cancer, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), breast cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. The expression of FURIN was higher in psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, and in type II diabetic liver, whereas it was lowered in breast cancer. Similarly, the expression of TMPRSS2 was increased during lung cancer and type II diabetes; it was decreased during psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer.Furthermore, a heightened expression of genes that are involved in immune response was observed in leukemia patients, as shown by the higher expression of IFNA2, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA21, IFNB1, CXCL10, and IL6. The expression of JAK1, STAT1, IL6, and CXCL10 was higher in NAFLD. Besides, JAK1 and STAT1 were upregulated in type II diabetic muscles. In addition, most of the upregulated genes in COVID-19 patients showed a similar trend in leukemia, NAFLD, and psoriasis. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS CoV, were found to commonly alter two genes, namely, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 11 and CLUSTERIN.Conclusions: The genes that may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection are mostly upregulated in leukemia patients; hence, leukemia patients are relatively more susceptible to develop COVID-19, followed by other chronic disorders, such as, NAFLD, type II diabetes, psoriasis, and hypertension. This study identifies key genes that are altered in the studied diseases types, which may aid in the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and underlie COVID-19 associated comorbidities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0408.v1

Assessment of the Presence of Symptoms, Individual Protection Measures (IPM) and Suspect Screening Measures (SSM) of COVID-19 in Federal Police Officers from a Regional Police Station in Brazil

Jefferson Aparecido Dias, Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas, Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Fernanda Mesquita Serva, Piero Biteli, Claudemir Gregório Mendes, Elídia Fabiana de Souza Xavier, Carlos Francisco Bitencourt Jorge, Tereza Lais Menegucci Zutin, Mateus Cezar dos Santos, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Rogério Leone Buchaim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: covid-19 antibody; coronavirus; immunoglobulin; police officer; quality of life; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 19 August 2020 (09:55:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0372.v1

A Review of Evidence: Using Respirators to prevent Sars-Cov-2 Transmission

Adam Nulty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: sars-cov-2, covid, covid-19, masks, dentistry, respirator, n99, n95, ffp2, ffp3,

Online: 18 August 2020 (04:30:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0312.v1

Virion Structure and Mechanism of Propagation of Coronaviruses including SARS-CoV 2 (COVID -19 ) and some Meaningful Points for Drug or Vaccine Development

Swapan Ghosh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19); + ssRNA; ribosomal – framshift; Pseudoknot; replication; model; drug; vaccine

Online: 14 August 2020 (08:26:31 CEST)

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SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, a new seventh human corona virus, has out-broken in Wuhan, China since 31^st December 2019, and quickly escalated to take the form of pandemic which killed many human beings throughout almost all countries across continents. The rapidity of its transmission from human to human is far greater than all previous human corona viruses which came into existence like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, etc. The nucleotide sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (isolates Wuhan-Hu-1) is 29,875 bp in ss-RNA. Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia include from asymptomatic to high fever and/or respiratory illnesses. Coronavirus virion (spherical/round /elliptical in shape) consists of three parts- outer membrane or envelope, nucleocapsid and genome (RNA). SARS-CoV-2 was shown to use receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for attachment to the cells through its surface spike (S) protein (S1), and the virion enters into the host cell through two routes- direct membrane fusion and endocytotic pathway. The RNA of SARS-CoV acts directly as mRNA and here minus(-) 1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (-1PRF) is being operated by slippery sequence and pseudoknot, so it translates 16 nonstructural proteins including RNA dependent RNA replicase. Then genomic RNA replicated continuously on – strand RNA template and subgenomic RNA transcribed discontinuously on –RNA template to sgmRNA. Subgenomic RNAs/sgmRNAs synthesize all structural proteins. This article takes into consideration the details of established theories of viral structure, viral attachment, mode of entry into human cells, different models of replication and transcription of virus genome proposed by eminent scientists over the years, and makes an in depth examination highlighting meaningful points or important target cites of viral propagation or synthesis, which are conserved, for prompt development of potent drugs or vaccine to counter COVID-19 for which human race is anxiously and eagerly waiting.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0198.v1

Pan-Echinocandin-Resistant Candida glabrata Bloodstream Infection Complicating COVID-19: A Fatal Case Report

Brunella Posteraro, Riccardo Torelli, Antonietta Vella, Paolo Maria Leone, Giulia De Angelis, Elena De Carolis, Giulio Ventura, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Massimo Fantoni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; coinfection; diabetes, bloodstream infection; Candida glabrata; echinocandin resistance; FKS mutation

Online: 7 August 2020 (12:54:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0166.v1

Antibody Response and Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: Significance in Vaccine Development

Ligong Lu, Hui Zhang, Meixiao Zhan, Jun Jiang, Hua Yin, Danielle J. Dauphars, Shi-You Li, Yong Li, You-Wen He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19, seroconversion, neutralizing antibody, spike protein, SARS-CoV-2, convalescent plasma, vaccine

Online: 6 August 2020 (12:16:11 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Epidemic Dynamics and Clinical Features of COVID-19 and Government Measures to Control Disease Transmission in Southern Hainan Island, China

Bei Wang, Qin-Yi Chen, Sen Lin, Hua Zhang, Chang-Feng Lin, Zhi-Yong Liu, Zhi-Quan Wu, Juan Chen, Dong Liang, Yan-Tao Liu, Ya-Yun Tan, Chong-Hao Xing, Da-Ying YangYang, Min-Jie Gao, Ri-Xia Lin, Ling Lin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemic dynamics; disease control; clinical features; tropical area

Online: 8 July 2020 (12:30:52 CEST)

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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the epidemic dynamics and clinical features of COVID-19 in southern Hainan Island, China, and provide experience for other tropical areas of the world. Methods: This retrospective study included confirmed cases of COVID-19 in southern Hainan. All enrolled patients were treated in Sanya, and data on epidemiological and clinical features of the disease and infection prevention and control measures adopted by the local government during the epidemic were collected. Results: Of the 74 cases, 71 (95.95%) were imported from Wuhan, Hubei Province (47, 63.51%), other cities in Hubei Province (11, 14.86%), or provinces other than Hubei and Hainan (13, 17.57%). Three (4.06%) patients were infected in southern Hainan, including one autochthonous case in Sanya. Fifty-four cases (72.97%) were detected in Sanya, and 27 cases (27.03%) were diagnosed in other cities. The rate of severe or critical cases was 28.38% (21/74), and mortality was 2.7% (2/74). The serum lactate levels and base excess of severe-critical patients were higher than those of patients with mild-moderate disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic conditions were risk factors for severe and critical COVID-19. Seventy-four patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 over a 22-day period in Sanya, and the epidemic period in the city was 48 days. The outbreak was controlled rapidly because the local government adopted strict infection prevention and control measures. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Hainan Island were similar to those reported in other regions. In Sanya, the rate of severe and very severe cases was higher than in other regions; however, most cases were imported, and there was only one autochthonous case. The rapid control of the outbreak in Sanya may be related to the tropical climate, adoption of strict infection prevention and control measures, daily reporting of new cases, increased public awareness about the epidemic, and other emergency actions implemented by the local government.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0365.v1

Molecular Modelling and Docking Experiments Examining the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Konstantinos Farsalinos, Elias Eliopoulos, Demetres Leonidas, Georgios Papadopoulos, Socrates Tzartos, Konstantinos Poulas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; smoking; nicotine; nicotinic cholinergic system; inflammation; acetylcholine receptors

Online: 23 May 2020 (10:06:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0439.v1

Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site

Umesh Kalathiya, Monikaben Padariya, Marcos Mayordomo, Małgorzata Lisowska, Judith Nicholson, Ashita Singh, Maciej Baginski, Robin Fåhraeus, Neil Carragher, Kathryn Ball, Juergen Haas, Alison Daniels, Ted R. Hupp, Javier Antonio Alfaro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; spike glycoprotein; variability; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; inhibitors

Online: 24 April 2020 (11:42:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0334.v1

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Study of Two Viral Proteins Associated with SARS-CoV-2 with Ivermectin

Lenin Andres Gonzalez Paz, Carla A. Lossada, Luis S. Moncayo, Freddy Romero, J. L. Paz, Joan Vera-Villalobos, Aleivi E. Perez, Ernesto San-Blas, Ysaias J. Alvarado

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: SARS-COV-2; folding/unfolding; antiparasitic; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; COVID-19; Ivermectin

Online: 19 April 2020 (06:56:09 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0269.v1

Antibiotics Against COVID-19 and Mitochondria? Urgent Thinking Out of the Box

Jaroslaw Tyszka, Karolina Kobos, Aleksandra Tyszka

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; antibiotics; immune response; mitochondria; epidemiology; health policy

Online: 16 April 2020 (12:14:30 CEST)

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Italian, Spanish, French vs German, Austrian or Norwegian COVID-19 tracks? Antibiotics might have a partial impact on COVID-19 death rates in various countries. Our working hypotheses based on recent publications is that that antibiotics may be a major factor that negatively affects patients’ immune system during viral infections. We are all aware that there is no specific and effective medical treatment for COVID-19 so far. However, we know that our immune system is the only efficient weapon that fights against this syndrome right now. In fact, antibiotics are very often prescribed to prevent secondary infections following an antiviral immune response. Various antibiotic therapies have also been commonly applied to support COVID-19 treatments in China and Italy. Unfortunately, the frequent antibiotic off-site targets include mitochondria that are genetically and evolutionary closely linked to bacteria. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles responsible for bioenergetics in nearly all our cells, acting as signaling hubs in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are vulnerable to antibacterial treatments, interrupting their physiology. Inhibition of these processes by antibiotics might render the immune system less capable of fighting acute COVID-19 viral infections. Some antibiotics, including those prescribed for COVID-19 in Wuhan, have been shown to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. The question is whether antibiotics support such a treatment or weaken patient immune responses in this case. This hypothesis should be evaluated based on comparative clinical data that seem to be unavailable at the moment. Possibly the COVID-19 risk group should be extended to all patients being treated with antibiotics, including those who finished antibiotic therapies days up to several months before SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore urge health service response groups to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on COVID-19 recovery vs death retrospective data. We would like to motivate international, national and local health authorities to share available clinical treatment data, discuss and optimize treatment strategies.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0247.v1

Epigallocatechin-Gallate and Theaflavin-Gallate Interaction in SARS CoV-2 Spike-Protein Central-Channel with Reference to the Hydroxychloroquine Interaction: Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking Study

Smarajit Maiti, Amrita Banerjee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS CoV-2; COVID 19; pandemic global-outbreak; Spike glycoprotein; ACE2; PatchDock; hydroxychloroquine

Online: 15 April 2020 (10:50:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0184.v1

Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs

Ujjwal Neogi, Kyle J. Hill, Anoop T. Ambikan, Xiao Heng, Thomas P. Quinn, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Anders Sönnerborg, Stefan G. Sarafianos, Kamal Singh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RNA polymerase; nsp12

Online: 12 April 2020 (05:36:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0161.v1

High Throughput Virtual Screening to Discover Inhibitors of the Main Protease of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Birgit Strodel, Olujide Olubiyi, Maryam Olagunju, Monika Keutmann, Jennifer Loschwitz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; main protease inhibition; virtual screening; drugs; natural products

Online: 9 April 2020 (14:59:37 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0146.v1

Virtual Screening of Potential Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease

Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz, Luisa N. Pimentel-Vera, Angela Caro, Angela Mosquera, Camilo Andrés Castellanos Moreno, Juan Pablo Manosalva Rojas, Diana Carolina Díaz-Tribaldos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Coronavirus Disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2; main protease; molecular docking-based virtual screening

Online: 9 April 2020 (09:34:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0103.v1

Safe Laboratory Practices in the Light of Covid-19 Pandemic: Way Forward in a Resource Limited Setting

Kevin Odega, Ehijie Iyamah, Ephraim Ibadin, Festus Idomeh, Deborah odega

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Medical Laboratory; Resource-limited setting, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)

Online: 7 April 2020 (12:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0444.v1

Rapid Prototyping of Reusable 3D-Printed N95 Equivalent Respirators at the George Washington University

Destie Provenzano, Yuan James Rao, Konstantin Mitic, Sofian N. Obaid, Dominique Pierce, James Huckenpahler, Jeffrey Berger, Sharad Goyal, Murray H. Loew

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; novel coronavirus; 3D printing; N95; respirator; mask

Online: 31 March 2020 (04:44:06 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, Radiographic Signs and Outcomes of 52,251 Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ali Pormohammad, Saeed Ghorbani, Behzad Baradaran, Alireza Khatam, Raymond Turner, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Demetrios N. Kyriacou, Juan-Pablo Idrovo, Nathan C. Bahr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; meta-analysis

Online: 16 March 2020 (01:06:04 CET)

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Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is very contagious, and can be transmitted to other people by droplet, aerosol, sneezing, infected surface, and cough. There is no vaccine or effective treatment at this time. Therefore, the prevention of COVID-19 and the rapid diagnosis of infected patients is crucial. Method: We searched all relevant literature published up to February 28, 2020, from Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library to collect the studies that reported clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 infected patients. The study quality was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Checklist. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed-effect models to analyze the appropriateness of the pooled results. Result: Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis, including a total of 52,251 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. 69.5% (95% CI 54.5-81, p < 0.001) of patients had a history of recent travel to Wuhan, contact with people from Wuhan, or lived in Wuhan. The most common symptoms among COVID-19 infected patients were fever 85.6 % (95% CI 73 -93, p < 0.001), and cough 63 % (95% CI 55.5-70, p < 0.001), respectively. The laboratory analysis showed that thrombocytosis was present in 91% (95% CI 81-98, p < 0.001) CRP was elevated in 81% (95% CI 65-91, p < 0.001), and lymphopenia in 62.5% of cases (95% CI 42-79, p < 0.001). The most common radiographic signs were bilateral involvement in 76.8% (95% CI 62.5-87, p < 0.001) and consolidation in 75.5% (95% CI 50.5-91, p < 0.001) of patients. Most patients (85.4%) were hospitalized, 20.6% of patients were admitted to the ICU in critical condition, and the mortality rate was 5.6%. Conclusions: Fever and cough are the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection in the literature published to date. Thombocytosis, lymphopenia, and increased CRP were common lab findings although most patients included in the overall analysis did not have laboratory values reported. The most common radiographic sign was bilateral involvement in and consolidation. Among Chinese patients with COVID-19, rates of hospitalization, critical condition, and hospitalization were high in this study, but these findings may be biased by reporting only confirmed cases.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics on Blockage of Key Drug Targets as Treatment for COVID-19 Caused by SARS-CoV-2

Ailan Huang, Xue Tang, Huimin Wu, Jun Zhang, Wanqi Wang, Zhiwei Wang, Li Song, Min-an Zhai, Lihui Zhao, Hailong Yang, Xiaohui Ma, Shuiping Zhou, Jinyong Cai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; 3CLpro; PLpro; RdRp; AAK1; inhibitor; dock; molecular dynamics

Online: 15 March 2020 (02:34:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0085.v1

Structural Elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 Vital Proteins: Computational Methods Reveal Potential Drug Candidates Against Main Protease, Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase and Nsp13 Helicase

Muhammad Usman Mirza, Matheus Froeyen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; CoV-Mpro; CoV-Nsp12 polymerase; CoV-Nsp13 helicase

Online: 5 March 2020 (11:50:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0308.v1

Pharmacoinformatics and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies Reveal Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease 3CL^pro

Mubarak A. Alamri, Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar, Safar M. Alqahtani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 3CL protease; molecular docking; molecular dynamics and simulations

Online: 23 February 2020 (02:17:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0334.v1

Beyond Ethylene: New Insights Regarding the Role of AOX in the Respiratory Climacteric

Seanna Hewitt, Amit Dhingra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ethylene; ripening; alternative oxidase; alternative respiration; post-harvest; phytohormone; system 2 ethylene; fruit

Online: 27 November 2019 (06:46:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0092.v1

Relationships between Urine Albumin Excretion and Dietary Habits in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Sadako Matsui, Yasuhisa Someya, Hiroshi Yoshida

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; urea albumin excretion; food frequency questionnaire survey; β-cryptoxanthin; fruits

Online: 8 July 2019 (14:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0320.v1

Expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) in the Eyes of Mice Intranasally Infected with Acanthamoeba sp.

Karolina Kot, Danuta Kosik-Bogacka, Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera, Agnieszka Kolasa-Wołosiuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Acanthamoeba sp.; eyes; toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2); toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)

Online: 31 January 2019 (07:00:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0347.v1

Rapid Thinning at a Glacier Terminus and Icefield of Mt. Tanggula, Tibet, Detected by TOPEX/Poseidon, and Jason-2/-3 Altimeters: Confirmation by Satellite Imagery

Cheinway Hwang, Shiang-Hung Wei, Yung-Sheng Cheng, Hsin-Ya Peng, Jui-Chi Lee, Kuo-Hsin Tseng, Chiang-Sheng Chi, Yuan-Ni Lo, Qiu-Yu Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Jason-2; Jason-3; glacier; Landsat; Mt. Tanggula; satellite altimeter; Tibet; TOPEX/Poseidon

Online: 15 November 2018 (06:03:39 CET)

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An oceanic radar altimeter such as TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) is typically for observing elevation changes over the open oceans or large inland lakes/rivers, with limited applications over solid earth due to its large footprint and susceptibility to waveform contamination and slope effect. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to construct a long-term time series of glacier elevation change from T/P-series radar altimeters over two flat surfaces near a glacier terminus and an icefield (Sites A and B, with slopes of 2° and 0.8°) in Mt. Tanggula, Tibet, at elevations over 5400 m. We retracked radar waveforms using the subwaveform threshold algorithm, selected quality altimeter data (1/4 of the original) with nearly the same slope and adjusted the original elevations by fitting with a time-varying, 2nd order surface. The glacier elevation changes at the two sites from T/P (1993–2002) show seasonal elevation oscillations with linear rates at about −3 m/year and abnormal seasonal changes around the 1997–98 El Niño. Site A is over a deep valley in southern Tanggula. Its elevation dropped about 30 m over 1993–2002 (from T/P) and the glacier almost disappeared by 2016 (from altimeters and satellite images). Despite the sporadic Jason-2 and Jason-3 altimeter data, we also derived long-term rates of glacier elevation change over 1993–2017. Landsat-derived glacier area and elevation changes near the two sites confirm the rapid glacier thinning from the altimeters. The glacier meltwater near Site A supplied increasing source water to Chibuzhang Co west of Mt. Tanggula, contributing partially to its accelerated rising lake level. The glacier thinning at Site B (icefield) was correlated with the increased discharge of the Tuotuo River in eastern Mt. Tanggula, a source region of the Yangtze River. The successful detection of glacier thinning at the two sites shows that T/P-series altimeters can serve as a virtual station at a flat glacier spot to monitor long-term glacier elevation changes in connection to climate change. This virtual station concept is particularly useful for inaccessible glaciers, but its implementation faces two challenging issues: increasing the volume of quality altimeter data and improving the ranging accuracy over a targeted mountain glacier spot.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0342.v1

9,10-Phenanthrenedione as Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyst: A Green Methodology for the Functionalization of 3,4-Dihydro-1,4-Benzoxazin-2-ones through a Friedel-Crafts Reaction

Jaume Rostoll-Berenguer, Gonzalo Blay, José R. Pedro, Carlos Vila

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: visible-light photocatalysis; organophotoredox catalysis; friedel-crafts reaction; indoles; 1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones

Online: 15 November 2018 (05:15:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0094.v1

Late Quaternary Variations in the South American Monsoon System as Inferred by Speleothems – New Perspectives Using the SISAL Database

Michael Deininger, Brittany Marie Ward, Valdir F. Novello, Francisco W. Cruz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: South American Monsoon System 1; SAMS 2; SISAL 3; speleothems 4; Quaternary 5

Online: 5 October 2018 (09:43:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0414.v1

Antioxidant Status, Antidiabetic Properties and Effects on Caco-2 Cells of Coloured and Non-Coloured Enriched Extracts of Sweet Cherry Fruits

Ana C. Gonçalves, Márcio Rodrigues, Adriana O. Santos, Gilberto Alves, Luís R. Silva

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: Sweet cherry; Anthocyanins; Non-coloured phenolics; Antioxidant activity; Erythrocytes protection; Caco-2 cells.

Online: 20 September 2018 (14:23:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0244.v1

Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data Fusion for Mapping and Monitoring Wetlands

Gordana Kaplan, Ugur Avdan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Image Fusion, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Wetlands, Object-Based Classification, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Online: 13 July 2018 (17:11:07 CEST)

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Wetlands benefits can be summarized but are not limited to their ability to store floodwaters and improve water quality, providing habitats for wildlife and supporting biodiversity, as well as aesthetic values. Over the past few decades, remote sensing and geographical information technologies has proven to be a useful and frequent applications in monitoring and mapping wetlands. Combining both optical and microwave satellite data can give significant information about the biophysical characteristics of wetlands and wetlands` vegetation. Also, fusing data from different sensors, such as radar and optical remote sensing data, can increase the wetland classification accuracy. In this paper we investigate the ability of fusion two fine spatial resolution satellite data, Sentinel-2 and the Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite, Sentinel-1, for mapping wetlands. As a study area in this paper, Balikdami wetland located in the Anatolian part of Turkey has been selected. Both Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images require pre-processing before their use. After the pre-processing, several vegetation indices calculated from the Sentinel-2 bands were included in the data set. Furthermore, an object-based classification was performed. For the accuracy assessment of the obtained results, number of random points were added over the study area. In addition, the results were compared with data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle collected on the same data of the overpass of the Sentinel-2, and three days before the overpass of Sentinel-1 satellite. The accuracy assessment showed that the results significant and satisfying in the wetland classification using both multispectral and microwave data. The statistical results of the fusion of the optical and radar data showed high wetland mapping accuracy, with an overall classification accuracy of approximately 90% in the object-based classification. Compared with the high resolution UAV data, the classification results give promising results for mapping and monitoring not just wetlands, but also the sub-classes of the study area. For future research, multi-temporal image use and terrain data collection are recommended.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0197.v1

Theoretical Explanation for Reduced Body Mass Index and Obesity Rates in Cannabis Users

Thomas Clark, Jessica Jones,, Alexis Hall, Sara Tabner, Rebecca Kmiec

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cannabis, obesity, body mass index, CB1R, AEA, 2-AG, meta-analysis, theory, causation

Online: 11 July 2018 (11:49:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0416.v1

From Host to Phage Metabolism: Hot Tales of Phage T4’s Takeover of E. coli

Elizabeth Kutter, Daniel Bryan, Georgia Ray, Erin Brewster, Bob Blasdel, Burton Guttman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: bacteriophage; Tevenvirinae; radiolabeling; genomic map; 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; NEPHGE-SDS PAGE

Online: 29 May 2018 (08:31:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0085.v1

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of the 7-Acetamido Substituted 2-Aryl-5-bromo-3-trifluoroacetylindoles as Potential Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization

Malose J. Mphahlele, Nishal Parbhoo

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: 7-acetamido-2-aryl-5-bromoindoles; trifluoroacetylation; cytotoxicity; apoptosis; tubulin polymerization; molecular docking

Online: 4 May 2018 (07:47:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0005.v1

ChREBP-Knockout Mice Show Sucrose Intolerance and Fructose Malabsorption

Takehiro Kato, Katsumi Iizuka, Ken Takao, Yukio Horikawa, Tadahiro Kitamura, Jun Takeda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein; ketohexokinase; fructose; glucose transporter 5; glucose transporter 2

Online: 1 February 2018 (05:09:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0176.v2

Effects of 5 Aza 2^’ Deoxycytidine on Proliferation and Differentiation of Embryonic Chick Caudal Region Chondrocytes in Culture

Samina Hyder Haq

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: ALP (alkaline phosphatase); OA (osteoarthritis); 5-aza dC (5-aza-2’deoxycytidine); epigenetics

Online: 27 December 2016 (09:36:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0944.v1

Budd-Chiari Syndrome Research Collaboration: A Network Analysis of Scientific Contributions (2000-2023)

Naruaki Ogasawara

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Gastroenterology; Budd-Chiari syndrome; co-authorship network analysis; network analysis; research collaboration; research trend analysis; research trends; key researchers; research strategies; internal medicine; planning future collaborative studies

Online: 12 September 2024 (17:45:46 CEST)

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Aim: This study aims to analyze the structure of the co-authorship network in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) research from 2000 to 2023 using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. The objective is to identify key researchers, evaluate the collaborative dynamics, and understand the evolution of scientific contributions in this field. Method: This study utilized network analysis techniques to evaluate 2,877 publications related to BCS research indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The co-authorship networks were assessed using macro-level indicators such as network density (the ratio of actual to possible connections), clustering coefficient (degree of node clustering), number of components (distinct connected subgroups), and average path length (average distance between nodes). Micro-level indicators including degree centrality (importance based on the number of connections), closeness centrality (proximity to other nodes), and betweenness centrality (frequency of a node on the shortest paths between others) were also analyzed.Result: The results revealed a highly fragmented network structure in the early years (2000-2009), characterized by low network density (0.0017) and a large number of disconnected components (533). Key researchers such as Aurelie Plessier and Dominique Valla emerged as central figures in terms of degree and closeness centrality. In the 2010-2019 period, the network showed slight improvements, with density decreasing to 0.0016 but an increase in the number of components to 645, indicating persistent fragmentation. From 2020 to 2023, the network demonstrated increased cohesiveness with a density of 0.0032 and a reduction in components to 376. Influential researchers in the final period included Virginia Hernandez-Gea and Valerie Paradis, who played pivotal roles in connecting disparate research clusters.Conclusion: The co-authorship network analysis of BCS research over the past two decades highlights a gradual yet incomplete evolution towards greater collaboration and integration among researchers. While the network's cohesiveness has improved, significant fragmentation remains, suggesting that further efforts are needed to enhance global and interdisciplinary collaboration. Addressing these challenges is crucial for fostering a more connected and productive research community that can advance the understanding and management of BCS.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0408.v1

Co-Authorship Network Analysis in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Research: Evaluating Collaboration and Structural Changes from 2000 to 2023

Naruaki Ogasawara

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; GERD; co-authorship network analysis; network analysis; research collaboration; research trend analysis; research trends; key researchers; research strategies; internal medicine; planning future collaborative studies

Online: 5 September 2024 (05:05:34 CEST)

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Aim: This study aims to analyze the evolution of co-author networks in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) research from 2000 to 2023, using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. The objective is to provide a structural overview of researcher collaborations in this specialized field, highlighting key contributors and the impact of international cooperation. Method: I conducted a co-author network analysis on 19,463 GERD -related articles indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. Using Python (Version 3.10.5) within the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3), I assessed macro-level indicators including network density, clustering coefficient, number of components, and average distance. Micro-level indicators such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality were also evaluated to understand the roles of individual researchers in the network.Result: The GERD co-authorship network exhibited a sparse structure with low network density, indicating limited realized collaborations compared to potential connections. The clustering coefficient was consistently high across the analyzed periods, suggesting that researchers frequently formed tight-knit groups. The network was fragmented into numerous components, with significant disconnection between groups. Degree centrality highlighted key researchers such as Dent, J., and Shaheen, N.J., who had extensive collaborative reach. In contrast, closeness and betweenness centrality identified strategic intermediaries like Bredenoord, A.J. and Kahrilas, P.J., who facilitated connections across otherwise isolated segments of the network.Conclusion: The co-authorship network analysis revealed a persistently fragmented landscape in GERD research, with considerable room for enhancing collaboration among researchers. Identifying key contributors and understanding their roles within the network can guide future efforts to foster more integrated and comprehensive research collaborations. This study underscores the importance of strategic networking and partnership development in advancing GERD research and optimizing the field's collaborative potential.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0454.v1

Stress-inducible SCAN Factors Suppress the Stress Response and Are Biomarkers for Enhanced Prognosis in Cancers

Takanori Eguchi, Mona Sheta, Stuart K Calderwood

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cell stress response; heat shock protein 90 (HSP90); SCAN domain-containing proteins (SCAND); MZF1; heat shock factors (HSF); co-expression correlation; Kaplan-Meyer analysis; cancer patients prognosis

Online: 25 January 2023 (10:18:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0941.v1

PAC-1 Agonist Maxadilan Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesions in Hypercholesterolemic ApoE Deficient Mice

Lilli Mey, Gabriel A Bonaterra, Joy Hoffmann, Hans Schwarzbach, Anja Schwarz, Lee E Eiden, Eberhard Weihe, Ralf Kinscherf

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords:

ApoE deficiency; Apoptosis; Atherosclerosis; Atheroprotection; Cardiovascular; Cyclooxygenase-2; Cytokines; Inflammation; Maxadilan; PACAP

Online: 11 October 2024 (14:46:12 CEST)

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Recent studies with ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice deficient for PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) or its receptor PAC1 provide evidence for a possible involve-ment of immune- and vasoregulatoy PACAP signaling at the PAC1 receptor in atherogenesis and plaque associated vascular inflammation. Therefore, we tested the PAC1 receptor agonist Maxadilan and the PAC1 selective antagonist M65 on plaque development and lumen stenosis in the ApoE-/- atherosclerosis model for possible anti-atherogenic effects. Adult male ApoE-/- mice were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (CED) or standard chow (SC) treat-ed with Maxadilan, M65 or Sham. Effects of treatment on atherosclerotic plaques, lumen stenosis, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory signatures were analyzed in the brachiocephalic trunk (BT). The percentage of Maxadilan treated mice exhibiting plaques under SC and CED was lower than that of Sham or M65 treatment indicating opposite effects of Maxadilan and M65. Maxadilan ap-plication inhibited lumen stenosis under SC and CED compared to Sham. In spite of significantly increased cholesterol levels, lumen stenosis of Maxadilan-treated mice was similar under CED and SC. In contrast, M65 under SC or CED did not reveal a significant influence on lumen steno-sis. Maxadilan significantly reduced the TNF-α+ area in the plaques under CED, but not under SC. In contrast, the IL-1β+ area was reduced after Maxadilan treatment under SC, but remained unchanged under CED compared to Sham. Maxadilan reduced the caspase-3+ area in the media under both SC and CED without affecting lipid content in plaques. Despite persisting hypercholesterolemia, Maxadilan reduces lumen stenosis, apoptosis and TNF-α driven inflammation. Our data suggest that Maxadilan provides atheroprotection by act-ing downstream of cholesterol-induced vascular inflammation. This implicates the potential of PAC1-specific agonist drugs against atherosclerosis even beyond statins and PCSK-9.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0370.v1

Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing versus Pcr Kit for Detection of COVID-19 Variants in Wastewater

Michelle M. Jarvie, Thu N.T. Nguyen, Benjamin Southwell, Derek Wright

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: keyword 1; Covid-19 2; PCR 3; Whole genome sequencing 4; Wastewater-based epidemiology

Online: 4 September 2024 (14:49:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1811.v1

Evidence for a Pro-inflammatory State of Macrophages from Non-obese Type-2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Amanda Santos de Almeida Silveira, Amara Cassandra dos Anjos Alves, Gabriela Mandú Gimenes, Patrícia da Silva Quessada, Tiago Bertola Lobato, Beatriz Belmiro Dias, Ana Carolina Gomes Pereira, Patrícia Nancy Iser-Bem, Joice Naiara Bertaglia Pereira, Elaine Hatanaka, Laureane Nunes Masi, Tânia Cristina Pithon-Curi, Vânia Gomes de Moura Mattaraia, Sandro Massao Hirabara, Amanda Rabello Crisma, Renata Gorjão, Rui Curi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; inflammation; GK; GM-CSF; M1; M2; TNF-α

Online: 24 July 2024 (10:09:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0811.v1

Evaluation of Combining Plasma COX-2/PGE2 Ratio and Anti-nucleosome Autoantibodies as Possible Biomarkers for Clinically Predicting Autism Spectrum Disorders

Afaf El-Ansary, Hanan A. Alfawaz, Abir Ben Bacha, Laila Y. Alayadhi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Autism, Auto-immunity; Anti-nucleosome autoantibodies; Cyclooxygenase-2; Prosta-glandin; Wnt signaling; Glutamate excitotoxicity.

Online: 10 July 2024 (10:14:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2057.v1

Re-Use of Caco-2 Monolayers for a Higher Throughput Assessment of Drug Permeability – Methodology and Validation for Passive Permeation

Cristiana L. Pires, Susana Rosa, Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho, Lino Ferreira, Maria Paula M. Marques, Maria João Moreno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Permeability assay; pharmacokinetics; Caco-2 monolayers; re-use; high throughput; passive diffusion; active transport

Online: 30 May 2024 (13:45:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0990.v1

Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste Forms: Going beyond Flakes and Fibers

Kirill A. Kirshanov, Roman V. Toms, Gadir Sh. Aliev, Daniil A. Ismaylov, Andrew E. Mokhorev, Alexander Yu. Gervald

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: PET; polyethylene terephthalate; oligoethylene terephthalates; bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate; ethylene glycol; waste management; recycling

Online: 15 May 2024 (10:19:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0174.v1

Ciliary Function, Antigen Stasis and Asthma

Nadzeya Marozkina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: primary ciliary dyskinesia 1; asthma 2; nitric oxide 3; oxidative stress 4

Online: 3 May 2024 (07:48:25 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1727.v1

Persistently High Platelet Factor 4 Levels in an Adolescent With Recurrent Late Thrombotic Complications After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination

Yoichi Haga, Akira Ohara, Tsuneyoshi Yakuwa, Akari Yamashita, Midori Udo, Masaki Matsuoka, Hiroshi Ohara, Atsushi Yasumoto, Hiroyuki Takahashi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: ; platelet factor 4; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; venous thrombosis; antiphospholipid syndrome; anticoagulants ;

Online: 28 April 2024 (07:30:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1234.v1

Perception of Complementary Medicine and Treatment Adherence as Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Individuals with Chronic Conditions in Mexico

Karina Isabel Casco-Gallardo, Nissa Yaing Torres-Soto, Claudia Nelly Orozco-González, Nancy Griselda Pérez-Briones, José Antonio Guerrero-Solano, Gabriela Maldonado-Muñiz, Claudia Atala Trejo-García, Benjamín López-Nolasco

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Complementary therapies; treatment adherence; self-efficacy; chronic diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; hypertension; obesity.

Online: 18 April 2024 (09:16:33 CEST)

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Chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), arterial hypertension (HTN), and obesity are major global health issues, causing significant morbidity and mortality. In Latin America, these conditions contribute to millions of premature deaths annually, posing challenges exacerbated by limited healthcare access and poor primary care quality, particularly in Mexico. Complementary medicine presents a potential solution, offering minimally invasive techniques to improve physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Effective treatment adherence, crucial for positive outcomes, is influenced by self-efficacy, the ability to manage one's behavior in response to medical conditions. However, treatment adherence rates remain low, indicating a pressing public health concern. This study aimed to explore how perception of complementary medicine and treatment adherence predict self-efficacy among individuals with chronic conditions in Mexico. Analyzing data from 113 participants revealed significant correlations between variables, with treatment adherence positively associated with self-efficacy and perception of holistic medicine negatively correlated with self-efficacy. Regression analysis showed that incorporating perception of complementary medicine and treatment adherence significantly explained self-efficacy levels, suggesting the potential of complementary therapies in holistic healthcare approaches. However, collinearity between variables highlights the need for further research to better understand these relationships and their implications for improving healthcare outcomes in Mexico. Integrating complementary therapies with conventional treatments could enhance overall well-being and treatment adherence, offering promising avenues for addressing chronic conditions in the region. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive healthcare approaches that integrate both conventional and complementary modalities to optimize health outcomes and quality of life for individuals with chronic conditions in Mexico and beyond.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1071.v1

Managing Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases on Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in a COVID-19 Endemic World: A Narrative Review and Expert Insights

Kok Ooi Kong, Pinyo Rattanaumpawan, Nguyen Chau Tuan, Cao Thanh Ngoc, Yee-Chun Chen, Ahlam Al Marzooqi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; DMARDs; immunocompromised; immune-mediated inflammatory disease; rheumatic disease ;

Online: 16 April 2024 (17:29:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0636.v1

BRCA1/2 Testing Landscape in Ovarian Cancer: A Nationwide, Real-World Data Study

Lieke Lanjouw, Joost Bart, Marian J.E. Mourits, Stefan M. Willems, Annemieke H. van der Hout, Arja ter Elst, Geertruida H. de Bock

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants; ovarian carcinoma; tumor test; next generation sequencing; real-world data

Online: 9 April 2024 (11:45:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1581.v1

Safety, Tolerability and EEG-Based Target Engagement of STP1 (PDE3,4 Inhibitor and NKCC1 Antagonist), in a Randomized Clinical Trial in a Subgroup of Patients with ASD

Baltazar Gomez-Mancilla, Craig Erickson, Ernest V Pedapati, Eric Painbeni, Gregory Bonfils, Lauren M Schmitt, Hannah Sachs, Meredith Will, Lisa Destefano, Grace Westerkamp, Adriano De Souza, Oliver Pohl, Offir Laufer, Gil Issachar, Jean-Marc Hyvelin, Lynn A Durham

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: ASD-Phen1; STP1; ibudilast; bumetanide; phase 1b; EGG; NIH-TCB; SRS-2; ABC-C

Online: 26 March 2024 (10:20:29 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0626.v1

Exploring HER2-Targeting Compounds in Breast Cancer: Insights from Molecular Docking Investigations

Ivan Vito Ferrari

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; docking simulations; Autodock Vina; breast cancer

Online: 12 February 2024 (08:53:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1844.v1

Multilineage-Differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells: A Powerful Tool for Tissue Damage Repair

Hanyun Que, Erziya Mai, Yanting Hu, Hong Li, Wenxin Zheng, Yuchen Jiang, Feiruo Han, Xuedong Li, Puyang Gong, Jian Gu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Transplantation Keywords: tissue regeneration; non-tumorigenic; S1P-S1P receptor 2 system; preferential homing; pluripotent stem cell

Online: 26 January 2024 (08:00:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0439.v1

Elevated Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis Is Associated with Clinical and Radiological Disease Severity in Cystic Fibrosis

Silvia Gartner, Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Paula Fernandez-Alvarez, Isabel Lima, Sandra Rovira-Amigo, Elena García-Arumí, Eduardo Tizzano, César Picado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: cystic fibrosis; prostaglandin E2; prostaglandin D2; genetic polymorphisms; PTGS1; PTGS2; COX-1; COX-2

Online: 5 January 2024 (09:16:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0079.v1

NRF1 or NRF2: Emerging Role of Redox Homeostasis on PERK/NRF/Autophagy Mediated Antioxidant in Tumor and Patient Dependent Chemo Sensitivity

Sanaz Dastghaib, Seyed Mohammad Shafiee, Fatemeh Ramezani, Niloufar Ashtari, Farhad Tabasi, Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori, Omid Vakili, Morvarid Siri, Somayeh Igder, Mojdeh Zamani, Mahshid Moballegh Nasery, Fariba Kokabi, Emilia Wiechec, Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour, Pooneh Mokarram, Saeid Ghavami

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: NF-E2-related factor 2; Drug resistance; Reactive oxygen species; Autophagy; Unfolded protein response

Online: 3 January 2024 (02:26:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0076.v1

Electrochemical study of the Cu²⁺ sensor based on ZIF-67/MWCNTs/Nafion

Lifeng Ding, Yuru Song, Qiang Li, Qi Wang, Jie Zhang, Zhengwei Song, Shengling Li, Jiayu Liu, Xin Zhang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: Metal Organic Framework; Nanocomposite; Detection of heavy metal Cu²⁺; Electrochemical Sensor

Online: 2 January 2024 (10:00:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0420.v1

Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels

Martina Minisini, Emanuele Cricchi, Claudio Brancolini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Hypoxia; phosphorylation; HIF-1 alpha; HIF-2 alpha; HIF-3 alpha, acetylation; HDACs; KATs

Online: 7 December 2023 (06:16:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1883.v1

Circulating Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Possibly Contribute to a Transient ACE2 Dysfunction Leading to Rare Cases of Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Christian A. Devaux, Philippe Colson, Didier Raoult, Laurence Camoin-Jau

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; mRNA vaccine; SARS-CoV-2 spike; myocarditis; ACE2; renin-angiotensin system

Online: 29 November 2023 (12:20:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1527.v1

The Functional Roles of MDSCs in Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis

Kuan Rong Chan, Jia Soon Len, Clara WT Koh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; myeloid-derived suppressor cells; infection; innate immunity; T cells

Online: 23 November 2023 (11:18:17 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1400.v1

Preclinical and Clinical Observations Implying Combination Therapy to Enhance the Efficacy of the Her-2/Neu B Cell Peptide-Based Vaccine Her-Vaxx and to Prevent Immune Evasion

Joshua Tobias, Sandra Högler, Martin Raigel, Diego Shih-Chieh Lin, Yee Chao, Lukas Kenner, Erika Garner-Spitzer, Sharon Yavrom, Nicholas J. Ede, Christoph C. Zielinski, Michael Kundi, Ursula Wiedermann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: PD-L1; Her-2/neu; Expression; Preclinical and clinical settings; Immune evasion; Combination therapy

Online: 22 November 2023 (07:30:25 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1268.v1

The Naturally Occurring m¹A RNA Modification Can Be Efficiently Incorporated into RNA by SARS-CoV-2 RdRp

Alexander Apostle, Reed Arneson, Yinan Yuan, Shiyue Fang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RdRp; m¹A triphosphate; Antiviral Drug

Online: 21 November 2023 (07:19:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0107.v2

Group Theory of Messenger RNA Metabolism and Disease

Michel Planat, Marcelo Amaral, Fang Fang, David Chester, Raymond Aschheim, Klee Irwin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: RNA metabolism; micro-RNAs; diseases; finitely generated group; SL(2,C) character variety; aperiodicity

Online: 23 October 2023 (11:16:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0262.v1

Isolation and Characterization of Erianthus arundinaceus Phosphate Transporter 1 (PHT1) Gene Promoter and 5′ Deletion Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation Regions under Phosphate Stress in Transgenic Tobacco

Murugan Naveenarani, HK Mahadevswamy, Sakthivel Surya Krishna, Channappa Mahadevaiah, Ramanathan Valarmathi, Markandan Manickavasagam, Muthukrishnan Arun, Govindakurup Hemaprabha, Chinnaswamy Appunu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Erianthus arundinaceus; High-affinity phosphate transporter; PHT1; 2; Promoter analysis; Tobacco transgenic; Pi stress

Online: 5 October 2023 (12:04:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0196.v1

A Review on the Epidemiology and Mechanism of Actions of Olfactory Dysfunction as a Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Nazifa Tasnim, Akash Ahmed, Nabila Khan, Nadia Sultana Deen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; mechanism of action; smell loss; olfactory dysfunction; anosmia; treatment

Online: 4 October 2023 (13:08:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0052.v1

Molecular Mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human self-antigens related with autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders

Elisa Gouvea Gutman, Renan Amphilophio Fernandes, Jéssica Vasques Raposo-Vedovi, Andreza Lemos Salvio, Larissa Araujo Duarte, Caio Faria Tardim, Vinicius Gabriel Coutinho Costa, Valeria Coelho Santa Rita Pereira, Marcos Martins Da Silva, Fabrícia Lima Fontes-Dantas³, Soniza Vieira Alves-Leon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Molecular mimicry; immune tolerance; autoimmune disorders; central nervous system.

Online: 2 October 2023 (11:10:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1394.v1

Evaluation of the Relationship between CRP/Lymphocyte Ratio and Blood Sugar Regulation and Other Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Tugrul Sagdic, Gulali Aktas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); c-reactive protein (CRP); CRP/lymphocytes (CLR); inflammation; biomarker

Online: 21 September 2023 (04:29:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0788.v1

Twenty-month Monitoring of Humoral Immune Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine: Antibody Kinetics, Breakthrough Infections and Adverse Effects

Jaroslaw Walory, Iza Ksiazek, Michal Karynski, Anna Baraniak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: adverse effects; anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics; BNT162b2 vaccine; breakthrough infections; COVID-19

Online: 13 September 2023 (02:44:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0014.v1

Long COVID Prevalence and the Impact of the Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Third Follow-Up of the Borriana Cohort, Valencia, Spain (2020-2022)

Salvador Domènech-Montoliu, Joan Puig-Barberá, Gemma Badenes-Marques, Maria Gil-Fortuño, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Oscar Pérez-Olaso, Diego Sala-Trull, Manuel Sanchez-Urbano, Alberto Arnedo-Pena

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Long COVID; SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination; Booster Dose; Cellular Immunity; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Human.

Online: 1 September 2023 (11:54:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2002.v1

Elevated Arterial Blood Pressure as a Delayed Complication Following COVID-19 -Systemic Review

Emilia Bielecka, Piotr Sielatycki, Paulina Pietraszko, Agnieszka Zapora-Kurel, Edyta Zbroch

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; hypertension; blood pressure; endothelial dysfunction; long-covid; post covid

Online: 30 August 2023 (08:59:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1812.v1

A New Land Cover Map of Two Watersheds under Long-Term Environmental Monitoring in the Swedish Arctic Using Sentinel-2 Data

Yves Auda, Erik J. Lundin, Jonas Gustafsson, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Simon Cazaurang, Laurent Orgogozo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: land cover; sentinel-2 images; support vector machine; random forests; boreal forest; alpine tundra

Online: 28 August 2023 (04:09:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1657.v1

Metachronous Mucinous Breast Carcinoma and Mucinous Pancreatic Cystadenoma in a Patient With Metabolic Comorbidities- Case Report and Minireview

Teodora-Gabriela Alexescu, Irina Obada, Angela Cozma, Mirela Alb, Olga Hilda Orăsan, Vasile Negrean, Iacob Domsa, Simina Felicia Tarmure

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: Mucinous breast carcinoma; pancreatic cancer; diabetes mellitus type 2; obesity; metabolic syndrome; postmenopausal women

Online: 23 August 2023 (11:22:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1071.v1

Microglial-targeted nSMase2 Inhibitor Fails to Reduce Tau Propagation in PS19 Mice

Meixiang Huang, Carolyn Tallon, Xiaolei Zhu, Kaitlyn DJ Huizar, Silvia Picciolini, Ajit G. Thomas, Lukas Tenora, Wathsala Liyanage, Francesca Rodà, Alice Gualerzi, Rangaramanujam M. Kannan, Marzia Bedoni, Rana Rais, Barbara S. Slusher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; DPTIP; hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimer; D-DPTIP; extracellular vesicles; neutral sphingomyelinase 2; tau

Online: 15 August 2023 (09:01:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0803.v1

Top-Down models across CPU architectures: Applicability and comparison in an HPC environment

Fabio Banchelli, Marta Garcia-Gasulla, Filippo Mantovani

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Hardware And Architecture Keywords: Performance models; Top-Down model; HPC applications; MareNostrum 4; A64FX; Power 9; Zen 2

Online: 10 August 2023 (09:24:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0384.v1

Comparative Structure Analysis of the Multi-Domain, Cell Envelope Proteases of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Lise Friis Christensen, Magnus Haraldson Høie, Claus Heiner Bang-Berthelsen, Paolo Marcatili, Egon Bech Hansen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cell envelope protease; subtilase; lactic acid bacteria; protein structure; AlphaFold 2 models; extracellular proteolysis

Online: 4 August 2023 (10:37:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0876.v1

Cellular-Host Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant

Aline Miranda Scovino, Elizabeth Chen Dahab, Israel Diniz-Lima, Etiele de Senna Silveira, Shana Priscila Coutinho Barroso, Karina Martins-Cardoso, Dirlei Nico, Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima, Leonardo Freire-de-Lima, Natalia Valente, Valeria Nacife, Ana Machado, Mia Araújo, Gustavo Fioravanti Vieira, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Marilda Mendonça Siqueira, Alexandre Morrot

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; P.1 variant; B.1 strain; cytokines; COVID-19; macrophages; neutrophils

Online: 13 July 2023 (04:34:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0272.v1

The Contribution of Obesity and Hyperandrogenemia to the Risk of Metabolic Disturbances of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Defines the Therapeutic Approach. Clinical Implications

Mardia López-Alarcón, Víctor Saul Vital-Reyes, Eduardo Almeida-Gutiérrez, Jorge Maldonado-Hernández, Salvador Flores-Chavez, Juan Manuel Dominguez-Salgado, Jose Vite-Bautista, David Cruz-Martinez, Aly S Barradas-Vazquez, Ricardo Z´Cruz-Lopez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: keyword 1: Polycystic ovary syndrome; keyword 2: obesity-related metabolic disorders, keyword 3: hyperandrogenemia

Online: 5 July 2023 (07:28:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1628.v1

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Germany

Hans H. Diebner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Epidemic Spatial Heterogeneity; Diversity; Spatio-Temporal Patterns; Cluster Analysis

Online: 22 June 2023 (12:45:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2140.v1

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Placenta From Women With Gestational Sars-Cov-2 Infection During the 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy

Yiqun Tang, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu, Annette Aronsson, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Parameswaran Grace Lalitkumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; term pregnancy; vertical transmission; placental gene expression; molecular pathways

Online: 30 May 2023 (12:36:54 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant and enduring influence on global health, in-cluding maternal and fetal well-being. Evidence suggests that placental dysfunction is a potential consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, which may result in adverse outcomes such as preeclampsia and preterm birth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear, and it is uncertain whether a mature placenta can protect the fetus from SARS-CoV-2 infection. To address the above hiatus, we conducted a transcriptome-based study of the placenta in both maternal and fetal compartments. We collected placental samples from 16 women, immediately after term delivery, of which seven had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in-fection by PCR before parturition. Notably, we did not detect any viral load in either the maternal or fetal compartments of the placenta, regardless of symptomatic status. We extracted total RNA from placental tissues, separately from maternal and fetal compartments, constructed cDNA li-braries, and sequenced them to assess mRNA and small RNA expression. Our analysis revealed 727 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the maternal placental tissue, with 608 upregulated and 109 downregulated in SARS-CoV-2-positive women compared with healthy, negative wom-en. In contrast, the fetal compartment did not exhibit any significant changes in gene expression with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, we observed significant downregulation of seven genes belonging to the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG), related to the immunoglobulin superfam-ily in the maternal compartment with active SARS-CoV-2 infection (fold change range from -13.70 to -5.28, FDR ≤ 0.05). Additionally, comparing symptomatic women with healthy, we identified 14,223 DEGs, with high expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in the maternal placenta of the symptomatic women. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed that pathways relat-ed to viral infection, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and oxytocin signaling were altered significantly in symptomatic women. Overall, our study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the reported clinical risk of preeclampsia and preterm delivery in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the placenta’s anti-viral effects in ma-ternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1505.v1

Impact of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on Health-Related Quality of Life in Poorly Controlled Diabetics

Carmen Celada Roldan, Jaime Lopez Diez, Faustino Rider Garrido, Maria Angeles Cerezuela Abarca, Almudena Tarraga Marcos, Pedro Tarraga Lopez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Quality of life; Mediterranean diet; , MEDAS-14; type 2 diabetes; physical dimension; emotional dimension

Online: 22 May 2023 (10:47:21 CEST)

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Introduction: When analyzing the current situation in Spain, derived from our current lifestyles far from following a Mediterranean lifestyle, there is an alarming prevalence of diabesity, which increases the global risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and decreases the quality of life related to health (QLRH). In order to guarantee, beyond glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2), adequate control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in DM2, it will be necessary to carry out a community intervention focused on the application of education programs focused on promoting the acquisition of healthy eating habits through the Mediterranean diet (DMED). This dietary pattern, together with physical exercise, has been shown to contribute to improving the QLRH of patients. Objective: To analyze the quality of life related to health, present in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, to determine the possible relationship between this and the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to examine whether there are differences between the sexes. Material and methods: Observational descriptive study in 93 patients diagnosed with DM2 with poor glycemic control (1Ac ≥ 7%), carried out in various health centers in Albacete and Cuenca, in which the baseline relationship between adherence to DMed and the HRQoL. They were administered a data collection sheet that included a survey of the degree of adherence to the DMed (MEDAS-14) and QLRH (SF-12v2) in the Primary Care (PC) medical and nursing consultations. The variables were analyzed: age groups, sex, years of evolution of DM2, body mass index (BMI), as well as basal glycemia (GB) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The “MEDAS-14” (adherence to DMED) was the main variable and the “SF-12v2” (QLRH) was the secondary variable. Material and methods: Observational descriptive study in 93 patients diagnosed with DM2 with poor glycemic control (1Ac ≥ 7%), carried out in various health centers in Albacete and Cuenca, in which the baseline relationship between adherence to DMed and the HRQoL. They were administered a data collection sheet that included a survey of the degree of adherence to the DMed (MEDAS-14) and QLRH (SF-12v2) in the Primary Care (PC) medical and nursing consultations. The variables were analyzed: age groups, sex, years of evolution of DM2, body mass index (BMI), as well as basal glycemia (GB) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The “MEDAS-14” (adherence to DMED) was the main variable and the “SF-12v2” (QLRH) was the secondary variable. Results: Patients with poorly controlled DM2 and with low adherence to the MedDM show a non-significantly greater affectation in the physical sphere: fair general state of health, physical function I (limitation to make moderate efforts such as moving a table, vacuuming or walk more than an hour), physical function II (limitation to climb several flights of stairs), physical role (problems at work or daily activities doing less than loved ones), physical role II (they had to stop performing some tasks at work or activities of daily living) and regular body pain. Presenting less affectation in the mental field: emotional role I, emotional role II, mental health I, vitality and mental health II. Without affectation in the social function since they consider that rarely the emotional or physical problems have hindered their social activities. Conclusions: Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control have low adherence to the MedMD (<9 points) and have poor QLRH. Low adherence to the DMed and obesity are related to a greater affectation in the physical dimension and less affectation in the mental dimension without affectation in the "social function".

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0591.v1

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology

Nilesh Dankhara, Ira Holla, Sumana Ramarao, And Renjithkumar Kalikkot Thekkeveedu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: 1. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; 2. Sepsis; 3. Mechanical ventilation; 4. Pathogenesis; 5. Inflammation; 6. PDA

Online: 9 May 2023 (08:03:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0492.v1

COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products

Zhaoxuan Low, Rafidah Lani, Vunjia Tiong, Chitlaa Poh, Sazaly AbuBakar, Pouya Hassandarvish

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antiviral; therapeutics; natural products; traditional Chinese medicines; plant extracts

Online: 8 May 2023 (09:34:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0285.v1

Wastewater Based Epidemiology, Phylogenetic Analysis and Machine Learning Approach to Describe the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the South-East of Spain

JOSE ANTONIO FEREZ, ENRIC CUEVAS-FERNANDO, MARIA AYALA-SAN NICOLAS, PEDRO J Simón Andreu, ROMAN LOPEZ, Pilar Truchado, Gloria Sánchez, ANA ALLENDE

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Epidemiology; Wastewater-based Epidemiology; Phylogenetic Analysis; Machine Learning Approach; Molecular virology

Online: 5 May 2023 (03:31:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0809.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Culture in Different Biological Specimens from Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed COVID-19 Patients Infected with Two Different Viral Strains

Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa, Matias Chiarastelli Salomão, Fabio Ghilardi, Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza, Lucy Santos Vilas Boas, Anderson Vicente De Paula, Heuder Gustavo Oliveira Paiao, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Fabio Eudes Leal, Andrea de Barros Coscelli Ferraz, Flavia Cristina Salles, Ingra M. Claro, Noely Evangelista Ferreira, Geovana M. Pereira, Almir Ribeiro Junior, Wilton Freire, Evelyn Patricia Sánchez Espinoza, Erika R. Manuli, Camila Romano, Jaqueline Goes De Jesus, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Steven Sol Witkin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS CoV 2; infectiousness; cell culture; viral shedding; viral load dynamics; persistence; Covid-19

Online: 24 April 2023 (03:07:51 CEST)

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