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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0026.v1

Structural Insights Into Substrate Recognition and Processing by the 20S Proteasome

Indrajit Sahu, Michael H. Glickman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: 20S proteasome; protein degradation; intrinsically disordered proteins; enzyme functional cycle; peptides; peptidome; proteome; oxidative stress

Online: 4 January 2021 (12:16:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0360.v1

Mitochondrial Abnormalities in iPSC-Derived Motor Neurons From Patients With Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency

Fiorella Colasuonno, Enrico Bertini, Marco Tartaglia, Claudia Compagnucci, Sandra Moreno

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Riboflavin transporter deficiency; motor neurons; mitochondria; energy metabolism; electron microscopy; antioxidants; SOD2; oxidative stress; neurodegeneration

Online: 12 November 2020 (18:14:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0131.v1

Genomic Fabric Remodeling in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC): A New Paradigm and Proposal for a Personalized Gene Therapy Approach

Dumitru A Iacobas, Victoria E Mgbemena, Sanda Iacobas, Kareena M Menezes, Huichen Wang, Premkumar B Saganti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: ALG13; apoptosis; cell cycle; chemokine signaling; FAM27C; genomic medicine; oxidative phosphorylation; TASOR; VEGF signaling; VHL.

Online: 6 October 2020 (14:47:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0086.v1

PFAS Environmental Pollution and Antioxidant Responses: An Overview of the Impact on Human Field

Marco Bonato, Francesca Corrà, Marta Bellio, Laura Guidolin, Laura Tallandini, Paola Irato, Gianfranco Santovito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: antioxidant defenses; human health; environmental pollution; oxidative stress; epidemiology; perfluorinated substances; reactive oxygen species; toxicology

Online: 5 October 2020 (12:58:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0222.v1

Pursuing the Elixir of Life: In Vivo Antioxidative Effect of Manganosalen Complexes, a Review

Lara Rouco, Ana M. Gonzalez-Noya, Rosa Pedrido, Marcelino Maneiro

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: ROS; oxidative stress; catalytic antioxidants; superoxide dismutase; catalase; peroxidase; manganese; salen-type ligands; animal studies

Online: 11 July 2020 (03:30:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0048.v1

Genetic Factors of Nitric Oxide’s System in Psychoneurologic Disorders

Regina F. Nasyrova, Polina V. Moskaleva, Elene E. Vaiman, Natalya A. Shnayder, Nataliya L. Blatt, Albert A. Rizvanov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: NO; NOS; genetics; nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; oxidative stress; pathogenesis; mental disorders, neurological diseases

Online: 4 February 2020 (11:06:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0243.v1

Up-Down and Left-Right by the Heart Transcriptome

Sanda Iacobas, Bogdan Amuzescu, Dumitru Iacobas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: adrenergic signaling; ankyrin-B; calcium channel; calcium signaling; glycolysis; oxidative phosphorylation; potassium channel; sodium channel

Online: 20 November 2019 (15:58:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0222.v1

Pathophysiological Alterations of Redox Signaling and Endocannabinoid System in Granulocytes and Plasma of Psoriatic Patients

Ewa Ambrożewic, Piotr Wojcik, Adam Wronski, Wojciech Luczaj, Anna Jastrząb, Neven Zarkovic, Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: psoriasis, arthritis, inflammation, granulocytes, redox signaling, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal, lipids, endocannabinoid system

Online: 12 September 2018 (13:43:16 CEST)

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Inflammatory granulocytes are characterized by oxidative burst, which may promote oxidative stress and lipid modification both in affected tissues and on systemic level. On the other hand, redox signaling involving lipid peroxidation products acting as second messengers of free radicals play important, not yet fully understood, roles in pathophysiology of inflammation and various stress-associated disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the onset of oxidative stress and alterations of enzyme-dependent lipid metabolism resulting from redox imbalance in granulocytes and plasma obtained from patients with psoriasis vulgaris or psoriatic arthritis, in comparison to the healthy subjects. The results obtained revealed enhanced activity of pro-oxidant enzymes NADPH and xanthine oxidases in granulocytes, with a decrease of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plasma of psoriatic patients. The Nrf2 and its regulators were increased in both forms of psoriasis, while HO-1 levels were increased only in psoriasis vulgaris. Redox imbalance was associated with decreased levels of phospholipids and of free PUFAs, but with enhanced activity of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (PLA2, PAF-AH COX1/2) and increased lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), isoprostanes and neuroprostanes. Increased endocannabinoids and GPR55 were observed in both forms of the disease, while expression of CB1 was increased only in pateints with psoriatic arthritis, opposite to CB2, which was increased only in psoriasis vulgaris. Protein modifications by ROS and lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE promoted apoptosis of granulocytes by increased caspases in both forms of psoriasis. This study indicates that excessive activation of granulocytes, causing oxidative stress and lipid modifications, is an important pathophysiology of psoriasis. Consequently, lower Nrf2 activity and CB2 expression may promote progression of psoriasis into advanced, arthritic form of the disease.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0300.v1

Rett Syndrome: Treatment with IGF-1, Melatonin, Blackcurrant Extracts, and Rehabilitation

Jesús Devesa, Olga Devesa, María Carrillo, Nerea Casteleiro, Ana Devesa, David Llorente, Cristina González

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: IGF-1; MT; Blackcurrant extracts; Oxidative stress; Mecp2; Speech therapy; Neurostimulation; cyclic glycine-proline; GPE.

Online: 22 May 2018 (11:25:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0223.v1

Potassium: A Vital Regulator of Plant Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

Mirza Hasanuzzaman, M.H.M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Kamrun Nahar, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Jubayer Al Mahmud, Md. Shahadat Hossen, Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud, Moumita Moumita, Masayuki Fujita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: abiotic stress; antioxidant defense; enzyme regulations; oxidative stress; plant nutrients; reactive oxygen species; soil fertility

Online: 24 January 2018 (07:01:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0166.v1

Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Injury, and C.N.S. Nanotherapy in Humans: Sonoporation Augmenting Drug Targeting

Joseph S. D'Arrigo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; drug targeting; nanoemulsion; neuroinflammation; neurotrauma; oxidative stress; scavenger receptors; SR-BI; transcranial sonoporation

Online: 30 September 2017 (05:21:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0095.v1

Local Actions of Melatonin in Somatic Cells of the Testis

Mónica Beatriz Frungieri, Ricardo Saúl Calandra, Soledad Paola Rossi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: melatonin; testis; androgen production; oxidative stress; inflammation; infertility; Leydig cells; Sertoli cells; mast cells; macrophages

Online: 27 February 2017 (08:56:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1322.v1

Restoration of Sestrin 3 Expression Mitigates Cardiac Oxidative Damage in the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model

Mina Park, Sunghye Cho, Dongtak Jeong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: ischemia– reperfusion injury; Sestrin; miR-25; ROS; oxidative damage; apoptosis; cardiac dysfunction; hypoxia/reoxygenation; antioxidant

Online: 17 October 2024 (11:40:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0728.v1

The Indissociable Triad: Vascular Impairment, Muscle Atrophy, and Cognitive Decline

Enzo Pereira de Lima, Masaru Tanaka, Caroline Barbalho Lamas, Karina Quesada, Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi, Adriano Cressoni Araújo, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro, Edgar Baldi Junior, Bruna Fidencio Rahal Ferraz, Vitor Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Sandra Maria Barbalho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: vascular diseases; vascular atrophy; cognitive dysfunction; neurodegenerative diseases; oxidative stress; inflammation; aging; insulin resistance; nutrients; comorbidity

Online: 12 August 2024 (15:58:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2486.v1

Bridging the Gap: Understanding the Link between Blood Flow, Muscle Health, and Brain Function

Enzo Pereira de Lima, Masaru Tanaka, Caroline Barbalho Lamas, Karina Quesada, Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi, Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi, Adriano Cressoni Araújo, Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro, Edgar Baldi Junior, Fidencio Rahal Ferraz, Vitor Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Sandra Maria Barbalho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: vascular diseases; vascular atrophy; cognitive dysfunction; neurodegenerative diseases; oxidative stress; inflammation; aging; insulin resistance; nutrients; comorbidity

Online: 30 July 2024 (16:53:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0083.v2

Effects of Gestational Intermittent Hypoxia on the Respiratory System: A Tale of the Placenta, Fetus and Developing Offspring

Esther Valverde-Perez, Elena Olea, Asuncion Rocher, Philip Irving Aaronson, Jesus Prieto-Lloret

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: gestational intermittent hypoxia; intermittent hypoxia; pregnancy; obstructive sleep apnea; respiratory system; placenta; fetus; offspring; oxidative stress

Online: 30 July 2024 (11:03:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2014.v1

Obesity Induces DNA Damage in Mammary Epithelial Cells Which Is Exacerbated by Acrylamide Treatment Through CYP2E1-Mediated Oxidative Stress

Brenna Walton, Noah Kaplan, Brooke Hrdlicka, Kavi Mehta, Lisa M. Arendt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Obesity; acrylamide; glycidamide; breast cancer; mammary epithelial cells; DNA damage; oxidative stress; CYP2E1; obesogen; Western diet

Online: 30 May 2024 (08:29:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1554.v1

Exogenous Cytokinin 4-PU-30 Modulates the Response of Wheat and Einkorn Seedlings to UV-B Radiation

Elisaveta Kirova, Irina Moskova, Vasilissa Manova, Yana Koycheva, Zoia Tsekova, Denitsa Borisova, Hristo Nikolov, Ventzeslav Dimitrov, Iskren Sergiev, Konstantina Kocheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: antioxidant gene expression; flavonoids; oxidative stress; phenolic compounds; phenylurea-cytokinin; proline; remote sensing; ROS; spectral reflectance

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:58:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0091.v1

Simvastatin-Mediated Nrf2 Activation Induces Fetal Hemoglobin and Antioxidant Enzyme Expression to Ameliorate the Phenotype of Sickle Cell Disease

Caixia Xi, Chitra Palani, Mayuko Takezaki, Huidong Shi, Anatolij Horuzsko, Betty Pace, Xingguo Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: sickle cell disease; simvastatin; Nrf2; Enhancer of zeste homolog 2; histone methylation; fetal hemoglobin; oxidative stress

Online: 2 February 2024 (16:01:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0169.v1

A Standardized Extract of Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Mi136) Inhibit D-gal Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice

Jonathan Maury, Antoine Delbrut, Vanessa Villard, Rémi Pradelles

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: microalgae; Phaeodactylum tricornutum; fucoxanthin; cognitive function; ageing; inflammation; oxidative stress; brain; memory; omega-3

Online: 2 February 2024 (14:23:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1792.v1

Disulfiram Inhibits Opsonin-Independent Phagocytosis of In Vivo Activated Human In-Vivo Activated Macrophages and Dendritic Cells with Variable Effects on Mitochondrial Stress and Cell Death

Chen Li, Julian Maurice Schneider, E. Marion Schneider

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: in vivo activated macrophages; dendritic cells; software to monitor phagocytosis and migration; disulfiram; mitochondria; oxidative stress

Online: 25 January 2024 (06:34:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0644.v1

Modulatory effects of the addition of argan and olive oils on oxidative and nitrosative stress induced in Tetrahymena pyriformis

Soukaina Essadek, Elena Lima, Khouloud Sassi, Soufiane El Kamouni, Riad El Kebbaj, Gérard Lizard, Pierre Andreoletti, Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki, Antonio Jesús Castro, Boubker Nasser, Juan de Dios Alché

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Argania spinosa Skeels (L.); oxidative stress; nitrosative stress; Tetrahymena pyriformis; virgin argan oil; virgin olive oil

Online: 11 September 2023 (09:29:58 CEST)

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Virgin Argan Oil (VAO) is extracted from the fruits of the Moroccan endemic species argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels]. It is known for its richness in polyunsaturated fatty acids and its unique composition in tocopherols conferring a panoply of pharmacological properties, documented in several studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of VAO against oxidative and nitrosative stress induced in cells of the model species Tetrahymena pyriformis. As a comparison, well-known Virgin Olive Oil (VOO) from Olea europaea L. was used instead. Both oils were subjected to a preliminary analysis of phytochemicals and properties of interest. Oxidative stress in T. pyriformis cells was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 350µM, whereas sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitrosative stress was induced using a 1mM concentration. Neither of these concentrations caused relevant changes in cell viability. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated in the cell cultures by using H2-DCFDA dye. The activity and cell localization of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was evaluated as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) generated after lipid peroxidation. Finally, the presence and localization of intracellular lipid droplets was assessed by using Nile red. The treatment of cultures with H2O2 produced significant increases in the activity of CAT, SOD and GPX and in the level of GSH, as also did the SNP treatment. MDA level was increased by both the treatments. VAO and VOO treatment were found to protect T. pyriformis from oxidative stress and increased cells defense in nitrosative stress. In another hand VAO and VOO decreased significantly MDA level increased by H2O2 treatment and failed after SNP treatment. The quantification of fluorescence signal obtained from immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes confirmed the results obtained after the evaluation of their activities. Interestingly the level of ROS and the number of lipid droplets increased by H2O2 treatment was significantly decreased by VAO and VOO co-treatments. VAO and VOO represent strong antioxidants, playing an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0163.v1

Medical Application of Molecular Hydrogen to Diabetic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Potential through Improvements in Mitochondrial Function

Shin-ichi Hirano, Yusuke Ichikawa, Bunpei Sato, Yoshiyasu Takefuji, Fumitake Satoh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: molecular hydrogen; diabetic kidney disease; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; in-flammation; reactive oxygen species; medical application

Online: 4 September 2023 (11:16:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1544.v1

Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Particulate Matter Increases Oxidative Stress in the Human Body

Sun-Haeng Choi, Bolormaa Ochirpurev, Akira Toriba, Jong-Uk Won, Heon Kim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; benzo[a]pyrene; 1-nitropyrene; oxidative stress; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine

Online: 22 July 2023 (17:07:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0304.v1

Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina

Malgorzata B. Rozanowska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: lipofuscin; retina; fundus autofluorescence; fluorescence imaging; oxidative stress; photooxida-tion; oxidation; biomarker; age-related macular degeneration

Online: 5 July 2023 (10:42:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1254.v1

The Association of Oxidative Stress-Related Gene Polymorphisms with Pain-Related Temporomandibular Disorders and Oral Behavioural Habits

Ema Vrbanović, Marko Zlendić, Koraljka Gall Trošelj, Marko Tomljanović, Kristina Vuković Đerfi, Iva Zilic-Alajbeg

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: antioxidants; chronic orofacial pain; oxidative-stress related genes; temporomandibular disorders; oral behavioural habits; single nucleotide polymorphism

Online: 17 May 2023 (14:15:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0769.v1

Toxicity and Biotransformation of Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Marine Microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo

Konstantin Pikula, Seyed Ali Johari, Ralph Santos-Oliveira, Kirill Golokhvast

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: carbon nanotubes; graphene; fullerene; nanotoxicology; bioassay; growth rate inhibition; flow cytometry; nanoparticles; oxidative stress; environmental fate

Online: 10 May 2023 (14:49:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0107.v1

On the Redox-Activity and Health-Effects of Atmospheric Primary and Secondary Aerosol: Phenomenology

Francesca Costabile, Stefano Decesari, Roberta Vecchi, Franco Lucarelli, Gabriele Curci, Dario Massabò, Matteo Rinaldi, Maurizio Gualtieri, Emanuela Corsini, Elena Menegola, Silvia Canepari, Lorenzo Massimi, Stefania Argentini, Maurizio Busetto, Gianluca Di Iulio, Luca Di Liberto, Marco Paglione, Igor Petenko, Mara Russo, Angela Marinoni, Gianpietro Casasanta, Sara Valentini, Vera Bernardoni, Federica Crova, Gianluigi Valli, Alice Corina Forello, Fabio Giardi, Silvia Nava, Giulia Pazzi, Paolo Prati, Virginia Vernocchi, Teresa La Torretta, Ettore Petralia, Milena Stracquadanio, Gabriele Zanini, Gloria Melzi, Emma Nozza, Martina Iulini, Donatella Caruso, Lucia Cioffi, Gabriele Imperato, Flavio Giavarini, Maria Battistoni, Francesca Di Renzo, Maria Agostina Frezzini, Cinzia Perrino, Maria Cristina Facchini

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmospheric aerosol; chemical composition; secondary aerosol; source apportionment; ultrafine particles; oxidative potential; exposure; toxicology; forecasting; micrometeorology

Online: 12 April 2022 (09:54:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0309.v1

Update on Glycosphingolipids Abundance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Frances Byrne, Ellen Olzomer, Nina Lolies, Kyle Lee Hoehn, Marthe-Susanna Wegner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: glycolysis; GEMs; oxidative phosphorylation; UGCG; glucosylceramide; normal liver cells; gangliosides; lacto/neo-lacto series GSLs; sulfatides

Online: 23 March 2022 (04:39:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0221.v1

Diet, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Serum Nutrients in Various Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

Maryla Młynarczyk, Martyna Falkowska, Zuzanna Micun, Iwona Obuchowska, Jan Kochanowicz, Katarzyna Socha, Joanna Konopińska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: primary open angle glaucoma; primary angle-closure glaucoma; PEX glaucoma; diet; oxidative stress; nutrients serum level

Online: 18 February 2022 (03:38:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0751.v1

Stability of the Glutathione Supplementation into Parenteral Nutrition to Protect Very Preterm Babies from Oxidative Stress

Clémence Guiraut, Nadine El Raichani, Guillaume Morin, Ibrahim Mohamed, Jean-Claude Lavoie

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: cysteine-glutathione disulfide; glutathione; glutathione supplementation; GSSG supplementation; oxidative stress; parenteral nutrition; premature newborns; pro-cysteine.

Online: 30 March 2021 (15:55:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0143.v1

Prospect of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Hepatoprotective and Anti-Alcoholic Liver Disease Agent

Abugri James, Michael Adu-Frimpong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: antioxidants; alcohol metabolism; hepatoprotective; anti-ALD; mitochondrial dysfunction; mitochondria-targeted; oxidative stress; and cytochrome P450 2E1

Online: 4 March 2021 (09:13:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0087.v2

Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? the Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka, Dominik Strzelecki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: depression; metabolic syndrome; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; inflammation; oxidative stress; microbiota

Online: 8 January 2021 (10:16:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0244.v1

Chronic Mild Stress Modified Epigenetic Mechanisms Leading to Accelerated Senescence and Impaired Cognitive Performance in Mice

Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola, Mirna Martínez-Damas, Christian Griñán-Ferré, Mercè Pallàs

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Stress; epigenetics; senescence; cognition; age-related cognitive decline; Alzheimer’s disease; SAMP8; SAMR1; oxidative stress; inflammation; autophagy

Online: 21 January 2020 (11:44:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0389.v1

Why Should Growth Hormone (GH) Be Considered a Promising Therapeutic Agent for Arteriogenesis? Insights from the GHAS Trial

Diego Caicedo, Pablo Devesa, Clara Alvarez, Jesús Devesa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: GH and eNOS; IGF-I; oxidative stress and arterial inflammation; vascular homeostasis; Neovascularization; arteriogenesis; GHAS trial

Online: 30 November 2019 (10:14:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0454.v1

Discovering the health promoting potential of fermented papaya preparation- its future perspectives for the dietary management of oxidative stress during diabetes

Jhoti Somanah-Bhugowandeen, Manish Putteeraj, Okezie Aruoma, Theeshan Bahorun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Carica papaya; fermented papaya preparation (FPP); free radical scavenging; antioxidant; oxidative stress; anti-diabetic; anti-carcinogenic

Online: 24 July 2018 (11:39:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0444.v1

Vitamin C to Improve Organ Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery Patients—Review and Pragmatic Approach

Aileen Hill, Sebastian Borosch, Carina Benstöm, Christina Neubauer, Patrick Meybohm, Pascal Langlois, Neill KJ Adhikari, Daren K Heyland, Christian Stoppe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; cardiac surgery; antioxidant therapy; nutrient; oxidative stress; organ dysfunction; multi organ failure

Online: 27 June 2018 (12:29:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0186.v1

Growth Hormone (GH) and Cardiovascular system

Diego Caicedo, Oscar Díaz, Pablo Devesa, Jesús Devesa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; atherosclerosis; oxidative stress; angiogenesis and arteriogenesis; endothelial dysfunction; growth hormone; IGF-I; wound healing

Online: 26 December 2017 (10:30:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0052.v1

Programming of Cell Resistance to Genotoxic and Oxidative Stress

Ilya O. Velegzhaninov, Vitaliy A. Ievlev, Yana I. Pylina, Dmitry M. Shadrin, Olesya M. Vakhrusheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cell programming; stress resistance; gene overexpression; radiation; oxidative stress; chemical genotoxins; malignant transformation; diversity of mechanisms

Online: 9 December 2017 (13:26:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1759.v1

Sex-Biased Associations of Circulating Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Reduced Lipid Peroxidation and Better Neurocognitive Performance in People with HIV

Harpreet Kaur, Ravi Kumar Alluri, Kunling Wu, Robert C Kalayjian, William S Bush, Frank J Palella, Susan L Koletar, Corrilynn O Hileman, Kristine M Erlandson, Ronald J Ellis, Roger J Bedimo, Babafemi O Taiwo, Katherine K Tassiopoulos, Asha R Kallianpur

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: HIV; ferritin heavy-chain; ferritin light-chain; ferroptosis; lipid peroxidation; iron; oxidative stress; neurocognitive impairment; neurocognitive domains

Online: 24 August 2024 (00:22:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1121.v1

Effects on Oxidative Stress of Oncological Surgery, Assessed by Plasma Xanthine Oxidase and Adenosine Deaminase Activity

Bruno Pastene, Marion Marlinge, Julien Fromonot, Julia Dodivers, Amin Ben Lassoued, Nathalie Lalevée, Pascal-Alexandre Thomas, David Jérémie Birnbaum, Marc Leone, Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Régis Guieu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: solid tumor cancers; oxidative stress; adenosine deaminase; xanthine oxidase; ischemia modified albumin; redox potential; major surgery; anesthesia

Online: 16 July 2024 (04:49:59 CEST)

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In solid cancer surgery, oxidative stress (OS) is of particular interest because both the malignancy itself and the surgical intervention are major contributors to the modulation of OS levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects of solid cancer surgery on OS levels. Because solid cancer is often accompanied by intense cell death, the study specifically focused on the pathway leading to uric acid formation, (i.e. adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO). Ische-mia-modified albumin (IMA), a recognized marker of oxidative stress, and plasma redox poten-tial (RP) were also measured. Thirty-six patients undergoing major solid cancer surgery (median age 68 years (58-76), 23 men and 13 women) and thirty controls (62 years (51-80)) were included. During the surgical procedure, serum ADA levels did not change significantly (10.4 International Units (IU) (6.9 – 13.7) vs. 8 IU (6 – 12); p = 0.47). In contrast, XO (IU), IMA (Arbitrary Units(AU)) and redox potential (mV) decreased significantly (22.5 IU (11 – 63) vs. 8.4 IU (5 – 27); p = 0.0041, 89 AU (69 – 105) vs. 74 AU (66 – 80); p = 0.01 and 98 mV (78 – 118) vs. 79 mV (65 – 101); p = 0.033). The correlation between XO and IMA or redox potential was positive (Spearman’s r = 0.32 ; p = 0.007, and r = 0.58; p < 0.001, respectively). XO was negatively correlated with ADA (r = -0.26; p = 0.03). Redox potential was positively correlated with IMA (r = 0.26; p = 0.04) and nega-tively correlated with ADA (r = -0.25 ;p = 0.04). We found that a major source of OS in solid cancer could be the result of an increase in xanthine oxidase activity and that the global effect of solid cancer surgery is a significant decrease in OS levels. We also found that ADA and XO were inversely correlate, suggesting the existence of a negative retrocontrol between the production of free radicals and the production of their sub-strate. Finally, our study highlights the potential value of XO inhibitors as adjuvant therapy in solid tumor surgery.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1317.v1

Oxidative Stress, LDL-Cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a): A New Formula to Balance Two Diverging Culprits

Michaela Beatrice Rehman, Benoit Valentin Tudrej

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: oxidative stress; LDL-cholesterol; lipoprotein(a); diet; saturated fat; carbohydrate; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; risk assessment; risk prevention

Online: 21 May 2024 (08:46:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1367.v1

The Relieving Effect of Fermented Pineapple Residue on Heat Stress in Beef Cattle

Jintao Feng, Li Yaokun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Beef cattle; Heat stress; Fermented pineapple pomace; Rectal temperature; Serum biochemical indicators; Oxidative stress indicators; immune indexes

Online: 18 January 2024 (10:29:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2128.v1

The Structure of the Cardiac Mitochondria Respirasome Is Adapted for the β‐Oxidation of Fatty Acids

Alexander V. Panov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: heart mitochondria; β -oxidation of fatty acids; respiratory chain; respirasome; ubiquinone; ubiquinol; oxidative phosphorylation; tricarboxylic acid cycle

Online: 28 December 2023 (07:14:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1490.v1

Excessive Lipid Production Shapes Glioma Tumor Microenvironment

Haitham Maraqah, John Paul Aboubechara, Mones Abu-Asab, Han Sung Lee, Orwa Aboud

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: glioblastoma; astrocytoma; lipid accumulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; tumor microenvironment; oxidative phosphorylation; glycolysis; immune evasion; therapeutic strategies; ultrastructural analysis

Online: 21 September 2023 (13:04:57 CEST)

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Disrupted lipid metabolism is a characteristic of gliomas. This study utilizes an ultrastructural approach to characterize the prevalence and distribution of lipids within gliomas. This study made use of tissue from IDH1 wild type (IDH1-wt) glioblastoma (n=18) and IDH1 mutant (IDH1-mt) astrocytoma (n=12) tumors. We uncover a prevalent and intriguing surplus of lipids. The bulk of the lipids manifested as sizable cytoplasmic inclusions and extracellular deposits in the tumor microenvironment (TME); in some tumors the lipids were stored in the classical mem-braneless spheroidal lipid droplets (LDs). Frequently, lipids accumulated inside mitochondria, suggesting possible dysfunction of the beta-oxidation pathway. Additionally, the tumor vascula-ture are shown to have lipid deposits in their lumen and vessel walls; this lipid could have shifted in from the tumor microenvironment or have been produced by the vessel-invading tumor cells. Overproduction of lipids by the tumor is suspected to be due to a combination of two processes: i) dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria that causes metabolic backup and ac-cumulation of acetyl-CoA, as well as ii) the overproduction of pyruvate due to the tumor cell reli-ance on overactive glycolysis. Tumor cells use lipids for structural components but cannot use them for energy if their oxidative phosphorylation is dysfunctional, which seems to be the case in the tumor cells we examined. This lipid-rich environment, however, offers tumor cells certain advantages: protection from the immune system, non-lipophilic drugs, and oxidative stress. Our research highlights the significant presence of lipid overproduction in both IDH1-wild type glio-blastoma and IDH1-mutant astrocytoma tumors, leading to diverse lipid accumulations in var-ious cellular compartments and structures. This lipid excess stems from disrupted beta-oxidation and dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation pathways. The implications of this lipid-driven environment include structural support for the tumor cells and protection against immune re-sponses, non-lipophilic drugs, and free radicals.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2048.v1

Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases?

Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa Wilma Böhm, Norbert Pfeiffer, Adrian Gericke

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: oxidative stress; optic nerve; retinal ganglion cell; glaucoma; Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy; ischemic optic neuropathy; optic neuritis

Online: 28 June 2023 (14:21:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2065.v1

Antioxidant Effects of Catechins (EGCG), Andrographolide and Curcuminoids Compounds for Skin Protection, Cosmetics and Dermatological Uses: An Update

Gatien Messire, Raphaël Serreau, Sabine Berteina-Raboin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Green Tea Catechins (ECGC); andrographolide; curcumin; Skin photoprotection; Skin permeation; Oxidative stress; Antimicrobial; Cosmetic and dermatologic formulations

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:27:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1369.v1

Protective Effect of Amaranthus cruentus Seed Oil on the UVA Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Skin Fibroblasts

Katarzyna Wolosik, Magda Chalecka, Jerzy Palka, Arkadiusz Surazynski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: UVA radiation; oxidative stress; dermal fibroblasts; apoptosis; antioxidant; Amaranthus cruentus seed oil; sun-protective substance; pharmacy; cosmetology

Online: 19 May 2023 (03:49:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1128.v1

Mitochondrial Function-Associated APOE Locus and its Implication in Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging

Eun-Gyung Lee, Lesley Leong, Sunny Chen, Jessica Tulloch, Chang-En Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: APOE locus; TOMM40; APOE; oxidative stress; mitochondrial dysfunction; mitochondrial DNA copy number; gene expression; Alzheimer’s disease; aging

Online: 28 April 2023 (07:08:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0365.v1

The Role of Natural Factors that Optimize Redox Status in Combating Type 2 Diabetes

Dawn S. Tuell, Evan A. Los, George A. Ford, William L. Stone

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: antioxidants; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; type 2 diabetes; pediatrics; redox; glycemic control; exercise; vitamin E; glutathione

Online: 19 January 2023 (15:10:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0180.v2

Redox Homeostasis and Nitro-Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Linked Inflammation

Guillaume Treiber, Hanen Samouda, Estelle Nobécourt, Serge P. Bottari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: oxidative stress; nitrative stress; reactive oxygen species; reactive nitrogen species; nitric oxide inflammation; obesity; peroxynitrite; adipose tissue

Online: 30 September 2022 (11:10:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0267.v1

Elovl2-Ablation Leads to Mitochondrial Membrane Fatty Acid Remodeling and Reduced Efficiency in Mouse Liver Mitochondria

Alexia Gómez Rodríguez, Emanuela Talamonti, Alba Naudi, Anastasia V. Kalinovich, Anna M. Pauter, Gustavo Barja, Tore Bengtsson, Anders Jacobsson, Reinald Pamplona, Irina G. Shabalina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficiency; mitochondrial function; polyunsaturated fatty acids; membrane permeabilization; oxidative damage markers; adenine nucleotide translocase

Online: 16 December 2021 (10:57:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0719.v1

Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C-2 Alkenylation of 5-Arylimidazoles and Related Azoles with Styrenes

Marco Lessi, Attilio Nania, Melania Pittari, Laura Lodone, Angela Cuzzola, Fabio Bellina

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: C-H activation; imidazoles; Fujiwara-Moritani reaction; dehydrogenative coupling; oxidative Heck coupling; styrenes; palladium catalysis; copper salts

Online: 31 May 2021 (09:14:12 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Tolerance Mechanisms of the Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Salvia sclarea to Excess Zinc

Anelia Dobrikova, Emilia Apostolova, Anetta Hanć, Ekaterina Yotsova, Preslava Borisova, Ilektra Sperdouli, Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis, Michael Moustakas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence; clary sage; nutrient uptake; oxidative stress; photosynthesis; phytoremediation; phytostabilization; photosynthetic pigments; phenolic content; Zn toxicity

Online: 2 December 2020 (15:36:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0112.v1

Uvaol Exerts Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects on Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells by Modulating AKT/PI3K Signaling Pathway

Gloria C. Bonel-Pérez, Amalia Pérez-Jiménez, Isabel Gris-Cárdenas, Alberto M. Parra-Pérez, José Antonio Lupiáñez, Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita, Eva Siles, René Csuk, Juan Peragón, Eva E. Rufino-Palomares

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: AKT/PI3K signaling pathway; apoptosis; human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells; migration activity; proliferation; oxidative stress; ROS level; uvaol

Online: 5 August 2020 (05:58:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0234.v1

Administration of Enalapril Started Late in Life Attenuates Hypertrophy and Oxidative Stress Burden, Increases Mitochondrial Mass and Modulates Mitochondrial Quality Control Signaling in the Rat Heart

Anna Picca, Giuseppe Sirago, Vito Pesce, Angela Maria Serena Lezza, Riccardo Calvani, Maurizio Bossola, Emanuele Rocco Villani, Francesco Landi, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Christy Carter, Roberto Bernabei, Emanuele Marzetti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mtDNA, TFAM binding, oxidative lesions, mtDNA damage, cardioprotection, peroxiredoxin

Online: 13 September 2018 (11:36:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0016.v1

Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress

Yanli Liu, Hongxu Yang, Yinhua Zhao, Min Zhang, Yongjin Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: periodontitis; the periodontal ligament stem cells; the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2; oxidative stress; apoptosis

Online: 4 April 2017 (08:58:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1674.v1

Cell Culture and Animal Models of Nanoparticle Toxicity on the Airway Barrier

Claire E Lee, Fariba Rezaee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: airway epithelial cells; apical junctional complex; tight junction; adherens junction; nanoparticles; epithelial barrier dysfunction; permeability; inflammation; oxidative stress.

Online: 24 June 2024 (11:45:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1772.v1

Identification of Putative Causal Relationships Between Blood-Based Biomarkers and Prediabetes-Induced Senescence: A Comprehensive Review

Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha, Aganze Gloire-Aime Mushebenge, Andile Khathi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: prediabetes; senescence; blood-based biomarkers; aging; age-related diseases; inflammation; oxidative stress; vascular dynamics; metabolic disorders; chronic inflammation

Online: 29 November 2023 (04:48:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0242.v1

Melatonin Protects Bovine Spermatozoa by Reinforcing Their Antioxidant Defenses

Sophia N Lavrentiadou, Vasiliki Sapanidou, Elena Tzekaki, Ioannis Margaritis, Maria P Tsantarliotou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: antioxidant capacity; glutathione; hydrogen peroxide; nitric oxide synthase; oxidative stress; su-peroxide ion; sperm physiology; reactive oxygen species

Online: 6 September 2023 (14:32:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0065.v1

Arginine, Transsulfuration, and Folic Acid Pathway Metabolomics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Angelo Zinellu, Arduino A Mangoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: folic acid; transsulfuration; oxidative stress; nitric oxide; biomarkers; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; homocysteine; asymmetric dimethylarginine; symmetric dimethylarginine; ornithine

Online: 1 August 2023 (09:04:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0097.v1

Nitric Oxide Synthase and Oxidative Stress Mediating Secondary Neuronal Damage in Perihaematoma Region of Intracerebellar Hemorrhage of Mice

Saandeep Bhatia, Ramissh Paramasivam, Mohd K. I. Zolkefley, Regunath Kandasamy, Muthu Raju, Jafri Malin Abdullah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Intracerebellar Hemorrhage; Mouse Model; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Oxidative stress Markers; Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase; GABA and glutamate transporters

Online: 3 July 2023 (13:26:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0461.v1

Transcription Factors and Intracellular Proteins Orchestrate Phenotypic Adaptation in Cryptococcus neoformans for Survival and Human Infections

Olufemi Samuel Folorunso, Olihile Moses Sebolai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Cryptococcus; transcription factor; thermotolerance; virulence factors; antifungal; oxidative and osmotic stress; capsule; melanin; monokaryotic fruiting; mating and filamentation

Online: 26 January 2023 (02:54:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0726.v1

In Utero Exposure to 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Leads to Postnatal Catch-up Growth and Dysmetabolism in the Adult Rat Liver

Shelby Louise Oke, Kendrick Lee, Rosemary Papp, Steven R. Laviolette, Daniel B. Hardy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, intrauterine growth restriction, liver, metabolism, triglycerides, oxidative stress, mitochondria, miR-203a-3p, miR-29a/b/c

Online: 30 June 2021 (09:50:15 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Pars Plana Vitrectomy and the Risk of Open Angle Glaucoma: Where Are We?

Tommaso Rossi, Guido Ripandelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Ascorbate; Pars Plana Vitrectomy; Open Angle Glaucoma; Oxidative Stress; Vitreous Me-tabolism 0. How to Use This Template

Online: 20 October 2020 (18:52:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0429.v1

Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Replicative Aging by Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response Involving SIR2 and SOD2 in Yeast

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Malika Abid, Ahmed Elamrani, Samantha Drouet, Mohamed Addi, Christophe Hano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Aging; Almond; Chlorogenic acid; Lipid peroxidation; Mitochondria; 8-Oxo-guanine; Oxidative stress; Protein carbonylation; Sirtuin; Superoxide dismutase; Yeast

Online: 24 April 2020 (08:54:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0243.v1

Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Exhibit Depleted Vitamin C Status and Elevated Oxidative Stress

Anitra C. Carr, Emma Spencer, Liane Dixon, Steve Chambers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; ascorbate; pneumonia; community acquired pneumonia; oxidative stress; protein carbonyls; hypovitaminosis C; vitamin C deficiency

Online: 15 April 2020 (10:12:26 CEST)

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Pneumonia is a severe lower respiratory tract infection that is a common complication and a major cause of mortality of the vitamin C-deficiency disease scurvy. This suggests an important link between vitamin C status and lower respiratory tract infections. Due to the paucity of information on the vitamin C status of patients with pneumonia, we assessed the vitamin C status of 50 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and compared these with 50 healthy community controls. The pneumonia cohort comprised 44 patients recruited through the Acute Medical Assessment Unit (AMAU) and 6 patients recruited through the intensive care unit (ICU); mean age 68 ± 17 years, 54% male. Clinical, microbiological and haematological parameters were recorded. Blood samples were tested for vitamin C status using HPLC with electrochemical detection and protein carbonyl concentrations, a marker of oxidative stress, using ELISA. Patients with pneumonia had depleted vitamin C status compared with healthy controls (23 ± 14 µmol/L vs 56 ± 24 µmol/L, P <0.001). The more severe patients in the ICU had significantly lower vitamin C status than those recruited through AMAU (11 ± 3 µmol/L vs 24 ± 14 µmol/L, P = 0.02). The total pneumonia cohort comprised 62% with hypovitaminosis C and 22% with deficiency, compared with only 8% hypovitaminosis C and no cases of deficiency in the healthy controls. The pneumonia cohort also exhibited significantly elevated protein carbonyl concentrations compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001), indicating enhanced oxidative stress in the patients. We were able to collect subsequent samples form 28% of the cohort (mean 2.7 ± 1.7 days; range 1-7 days). These showed no significant differences in vitamin C status or protein carbonyl concentrations compared with baseline values (P = 0.6). Overall, the depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress observed in the patients with pneumonia indicates an enhanced requirement for the vitamin during their illness. Due to the important roles that vitamin C plays in the immune system, low vitamin C status is possibly both a cause and a consequence of the disease. Therefore, these patients would likely benefit from additional vitamin C supplementation to restore their blood and tissue levels to optimal. This may decrease oxidative stress and aid in their recovery.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1756.v1

Pathology and Treatments of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Considering Changes in Brain Energy Metabolism Due to Type 2 Diabetes

Hidekatsu Yanai, Hiroki Adachi, Mariko Hakoshima, Hisayuki Katsuyama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’ s disease; amyloid beta; glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists; insulin resistance; oxidative stress; type 2 diabetes

Online: 22 October 2024 (16:32:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0499.v1

Combination of Hydrolysable Tannins and Zinc Oxide on Enterocyte Functionality: In Vitro Insights

Francesca Ciaramellano, Lucia Scipioni, Benedetta Belà, Giulia Pignataro, Giacomo Giacovazzo, Clotilde Beatrice Angelucci, Roberto Giacominelli Stuffler, Alessandro Gramenzi, Sergio Oddi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Caco-2 cells; epithelial barrier function; gastrointestinal diseases; zinc oxide (ZnO); hydrolysable tannins (HTs); epithelial barrier function; oxidative stress

Online: 8 May 2024 (13:25:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0013.v1

Physiology of Deep Closed-Circuit Rebreather (CCR) Mixed Gas Diving: Gas Emboli, Spirometry and Biological Changes during a Week-Long Liveaboard Safari

Costantino Balestra, Clément Leveque, Simona Mrackic-Sposta, Alessandra Vezzoli, Pierre Wauthy, Peter Germonpré, Frauke Tillmans, François Guerrero, Pierre Lafère

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Decompression physiology; Venous gas emboli (VGE); Human; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Oxidative stress; Inflammation; DCS; Hormesis; Acute Phase Reactants

Online: 3 January 2024 (03:17:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0237.v1

Diabetes-Associated Changes in Skeletal Muscle Function and Their Possible Links with Prediabetes: A Literature Review

Mandlakazi Dlamini, Andile Khathi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Prediabetes; skeletal muscle; satellite cells; myogenic regulatory factors, insulin resistance; muscle fibers; inflammation; oxidative stress

Online: 3 November 2023 (10:25:51 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0909.v1

Oxidative Stress Sensing System for 8-OHdG Detection Based on Plasma Coupled Electrochemistry by Transparent ITO/AuNTAs/PtNPs Electrode

Yongchang Bai, Shuang Li

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); Oxidative stress; Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode; Integrated circuit system; Point-of-care testing (POCT)

Online: 12 May 2023 (08:59:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0006.v1

Plant-Based Antioxidant Activity in the Human Body: A Comprehensive Review of Hormetic Influences Driving Positive Clinical Outcomes

Julie Wendt, Benjamin Knudsen, Leigh A. Frame

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: hormesis; polyphenols; clinical trials; antioxidants; reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress; plant-derived antioxidants; dietary antioxidants; nutritional hormesis; free radicals

Online: 1 February 2023 (03:03:40 CET)

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A consistent factor in the epidemic of chronic disease is a pro-inflammatory metabolic state. The ability of clinicians to use nutrients to balance inflammation by supporting oxidant homeostasis rests on the quality of research within the field of antioxidants. Understanding the intersection of two prominent theories regarding the role of antioxidants in quelling inflammation, nutritional hormesis and oxidant scavenging, will enable the therapeutic use of antioxidants in clinical practice. This review investigates the less well-established theory, nutritional hormesis, which has not been comprehensively reviewed recently to our knowledge. To understand the state of research on the hormetic response, we conducted a comprehensive literature review describing the relationship between dietary antioxidants, hormesis, and chronic disease. We used an adaptive search strategy in PubMed and Scopus, retrieving a total of 343 articles, of which 218 were unique. Title and abstract screenings were conducted by two reviewers independently with a third as a tiebreaker, resulting in 152 articles included in this review. Most studies reviewed the hormetic response in plant and cell models (73.6%) while only 2.2% were conducted in humans. Limitations exist in translating plant/cell/animal models into the complexities of human biochemistry and physiology that warrant consideration before extrapolating such results into clinical practice. A critical hurdle in our literature review process is the lack of standardized nomenclature describing the hormetic effect in the research community that challenges the ability to comprehensively review the subject matter. Further, aA knowledge gap exists between the cell culture and animal model research that shows a biphasic, hormetic quality to the role of antioxidants and the observational human studies, which have yet to corroborate these findings. Therefore, we cannot accurately translate this research into clinical care at this time.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0118.v1

Potential Properties of Natural Nutraceuticals and Antioxidants in Eye Protection

Jessica Maiuolo, Rosamaria Bulotta, Francesca Oppedisano, Vincenzo Musolino, Micaela Gliozzi, Cristina Carresi, Federica Scarano, Saverio Nucera, Miriam Scicchitano, Martina Nicita, Rosamaria Caminiti, Francesca Bosco, Roberta Macrì, Adriano Carnevali, Vincenzo Scorcia, Vincenzo Mollace

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Eyes diseases; Oxidative damage; Antioxidant compounds; Vitamin A; Vitamin C; Lutein; Curcumin; Quercetin; Coenzyme Q10; PUFAs; BPF; Grape seed

Online: 7 July 2022 (09:04:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0415.v1

Reductions in Hydrogen Sulfide Precede Onset of Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Corneal Kindled Mouse Model of Epilepsy

Christi Cho, Maxwell Zeigler, Stephanie Mizuno, Richard S. Morrison, Rheem Totah, Melissa Barker-Haliski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: epilepsy; hydrogen sulfide; corneal kindled mice, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, LC-MS/MS; temporal lobe epilepsy; neurological disorder; gasotransmitter

Online: 27 October 2021 (13:36:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0048.v1

Biomarkers, Master Regulators and Genomic Fabric Remodeling in a Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Dumitru A Iacobas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: 8505C cell line; apoptosis; BCPAP cell line; CFLAR; DDX19B; IL6; oxidative phosphorylation; SPINT2; thyroid hormone synthesis; weighted pathway regulation

Online: 2 August 2020 (17:32:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0258.v1

Children's Health in the Digital Age

Birgitta Dresp-Langley

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: digital environments; over exposure; children; vitamin D; melatonin; myopia; sleep loss; depression; obesity internet addiction; serotonin; dopamine; oxidative stress

Online: 16 March 2020 (04:22:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0215.v1

Major Depressive Disorder is Associated with Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Skin Fibroblasts

Kerstin Kuffner, Julian Triebelhorn, Katrin Meindl, Christoph Benner, André Manook, Daniel Sudria, Ramona Siebert, Caroline Nothdurfter, Thomas C. Baghai, Konstantin Drexler, Mark Berneburg, Rainer Rupprecht, Vladimir M. Milenkovic, Christian H. Wetzel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: major depression; skin fibroblasts; mitochondria; bioenergetics; oxidative phosphorylation; adenosine triphosphate; calcium imaging; mitochondrial membrane potential; mitochondrial DNA copy number

Online: 12 March 2020 (14:11:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0917.v1

Investigating the Interplay: Periodontal Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies

Stefania Vlachou, Alexandre Loume, Catherine Giannopoulou, Evangelos Papathanasiou, Alkisti Zekeridou

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; periodontitis; type 1 diabetes mellitus; molecular mechanisms; cellular mechanisms; oral microbiota; host immune response; oxidative stress; periodontal disease

Online: 15 April 2024 (07:26:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1692.v1

Aquaphotomics Investigation of Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water: Understanding the Water Molecular Structure and Its Role in Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species

Jelena Muncan, Roumiana Tsenkova, Shigeru Kabayama, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Masamichi Iwai, Sukritta Anantywittayanon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: electrolyzed hydrogen water; reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress; drinking water; near infrared spectroscopy; aquaphotomics; aquagram; solvation shells; free water molecules

Online: 29 February 2024 (09:49:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1260.v1

Pharmacological Modulation of Energy and Metabolic Pathways Protects Hearing in the Fus1 KO Model of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress

Winston JT Tan, Joseph Santos-Sacchi, Jane Tonello, Anil Shanker, Alla V Ivanova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Age-related hearing loss; cochlea; Fus1/Tusc2; mitochondria; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; 2-deoxy-D-glucose; Rapamycin; Seahorse Metabolism Analysis

Online: 18 May 2023 (02:25:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0461.v1

Polymorphisms of the GCLC Gene Are Novel Genetic Markers For Susceptibility To Psoriasis Associated With Alcohol Abuse And Cigarette Smoking

Ekaterina Efanova, Olga Bushueva, Roman Saranyuk, Anna Surovtseva, Mikhail Churnosov, Maria Solodilova, Alexey Polonikov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: Psoriasis; genetic susceptibility; oxidative stress; glutathione; glutamate cysteine ligase; GCLC; single nucleotide polymorphism; cigarette smoking; alcohol abuse; gene–environment interactions

Online: 8 May 2023 (08:03:11 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0104.v3

High Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration Causes Increased Respiration by the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Chloroplasts

Thomas Wieloch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Calvin-Benson cycle; carbon metabolism; CO2 fertilisation; glucose-6-phosphate shunt; hydrogen stable isotopes; oxidative pentose phosphate pathway; photosynthesis; respiration

Online: 16 May 2022 (12:14:30 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0437.v2

The Glial Aging & Senescence Hypothesis of Late-onset Alzheimer’s

Victor Lau, Leanne Ramer, Marie-Ève Tremblay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Alzheimer's; Cellular senescence; Neurodegeneration; Microglia; Astrocytes; Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells; TREM2; Braak staging; Oxidative stress; Phapoptosis; Amyloid-beta; Tau; Neuritic plaques

Online: 7 March 2022 (14:22:25 CET)

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) predominantly occurs as a late-onset form (LOAD), involving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline with progressive memory loss. Over time, risk factors and aging promote accumulation of well-known AD pathologies in oxidative stress, amyloid-beta and tau protein pathology, as well as inflammation. Homeostatic glial functions regulate and suppress these AD pathologies; however, other glial states involve increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release and further pathology accumulation. Different stresses can additionally induce cellular senescence, or an irreversible differentiation process resulting in decreased supportive functions and increased, pro-inflammatory cytokine release. While these pathophysiological underpinnings all contribute to LOAD, they require temporal and mechanistic integration. This perspective hypothesizes that when individuals have threshold senescent glia accumulation, they transition from healthy cognition into mild cognitive impairment and LOAD diagnosis. Particularly, senescent microglia are predicted to represent a final threshold required for the tau pathology burden and spreading that corresponds to sustained neurodegeneration and dementia severity. We first explore age-related decline in glia that promote increases in AD pathologies, and then discuss emerging evidence linking oxidative stress, neurons containing tau pathology, and amyloid-beta to microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell, and astrocyte senescence. Our hypothesis proposes that senescent astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors pressure microglia to phagocytose neurons containing tau pathology. The resulting senescent microglia would form neuritic plaques and induce paracrine senescence transitioning into a progressive clinical dementia presentation. This predictive hypothesis can potentially account for why medications used to treat LOAD fail, as previous treatments have not reduced senescent glial burden. It is also coherent with the predominant hypotheses surrounding LOAD, generates testable hypotheses about LOAD, and increases rationale in testing senolytics as targeted treatments for LOAD arrest and reversal.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0076.v1

Combined Targeting of Mutant p53 and Jumonji Family Histone Demethylase Augments Therapeutic Efficacy of Radiation in H3K27M DIPG

Anatoly Nikolaev, John B. Fiveash, Eddy S. Yang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: H3K27M; DIPG; p53; APR-246; Jumonji family histone demethylases; GSK-J4, radiation; DNA damage repair; glutathione depletion; oxidative stress induction

Online: 6 December 2019 (04:34:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0346.v1

Characterization of Mitochondrial GSH Transporters and Their Role in RPE Protection

Mo Wang, Ling-ing Lau, Parameswaran G. Sreekumar, Christine Spee, Lin Liu, David R. Hinton, Srinivas R. Sadda, Ram Kannan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); oxidative stress; mitochondria; apoptosis; 2-oxoglutarate carrier (OGC); dicarboxylate carrier (DIC); glutathione (GSH); mitochondrial GSH (mGSH)

Online: 19 July 2018 (06:15:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0063.v1

Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia

Nancy R Hart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: preeclampsia; hypoxia inducible factors; cholesterol; dietary lipids; Hedgehog (Hh); Wnt/β catenin; membrane biophysics; endothelial nitric oxide synthase; dyslipidemia; oxidative stress

Online: 1 May 2024 (08:09:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0842.v1

State-of-the-art on Fe Precipitation in Porous Media: Hydrogeochemical Processes and Evolving Parameters

Wenran Cao, Guanxi Yan, Harald Hofmann, Alexander Scheuermann

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: groundwater-seawater mixing; oxidative precipitation of Fe(II); permeability/tortuosity–porosity relationship; specific surface area; reactive transport modeling; non-invasive imaging

Online: 14 March 2024 (09:57:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0192.v1

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Oxidative Stress and Its Implications for Vaccination-Related Adverse Events

Todd Terhune, Taravat Ghafourian, Richard Deth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: aluminum; asthma; atopy; autism; COVD-19; cysteine; glutathione; IL-1 beta; IL-18; inflammasome; NLRP3; neuroinflammation; Nrf-2; oxidative stress; P2X7

Online: 3 January 2024 (08:03:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2114.v1

The Initial Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatocyte Genomic Integrations and Their Role in Hepatocellular Oncogenesis

Tomasz I Michalak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HBV; woodchuck hepatitis virus; early virus-host DNA integration; virus-induced oxidative DNA damage; dsDNA repair; NHEJ; retrotransposons; ocogenesis; hepatocellular carcinoma

Online: 31 August 2023 (09:34:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0129.v1

The Modification of Detrimental Biochemical Anomalies May Reduce the Rate of Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Subhasish Pramanik, Kaustav Banerjee, Lakshmi Kanta Mondal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Oxidative stress; Advanced glycation end products (AGEs); Antioxidant enzymes; Vascular endothelial growth factor; B-vitamins; Vitamin-C; Vitamin- E

Online: 8 June 2022 (12:40:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0166.v1

Mediators of Regional Kidney Perfusion during Surgical Pneumoperitoneum Creation and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury – A Review of Basic Physiology

Csaba Kopitkó, László Medve, Tibor Gondos, Karim Magdy Mohamed Soliman, Tibor Fülöp

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: acute kidney injury; intra-abdominal pressure; oxidative stress; renal cortical blood flow; renal medullar blood flow; renal lymphatic drainage; venous congestion

Online: 18 April 2022 (10:45:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0425.v1

Analyzing the Potential Biological Determinants of Autism Spectrum Disorders: From Neuroinflammation to Kynurenines Pathway

Rosa Savino, Marco Carotenuto, Anna N. Polito, Sofia Di Noia, Marzia Albenzio, Alessia Scarinci, Antonio Ambrosi, Francesco Sessa, Nicola Tartaglia, Giovanni Messina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; neuroinflammation; kynurenine pathway; microglia; oxidative stress; mitochondrial disorder; immune deregulation; QUIN (quinolinic acid); KYNA (kynurenic acid); tryptophan catabolites

Online: 19 July 2020 (19:19:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0790.v1

Synergistic Dual Targeting of Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems Irrespective of p53 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Fatemeh Jamali, Katherine Lan, Paul Daniel, Kevin Petrecca, Siham Sabri, BASSAM ABDULKARIM

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Glioblastoma; Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs); Auranofin; thioredoxin reductase; oxidative stress; glutathione (GSH); reactive oxygen species (ROS); piperlongumine, antioxidant; drug repurposing

Online: 10 September 2024 (09:50:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1820.v1

The Roles of Glutathione and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes and COVID-19

Evan Los, George Ford, Dawn Tuell, Demetrio Macariola, William Stone

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: glutathione; oxidative stress; type 2 diabetes; type 1 diabetes; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; reactive oxygen species; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; glycine

Online: 24 July 2024 (07:15:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1637.v1

Crucial Interactions between Altered Plasma Trace Elements and Fatty Acids Unbalance Ratio to Management of Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Diabetic Patients: Focus on Endothelial Dysfunction

Ines Gouaref, Mohamed Makrelouf, Amel Otmane, Samir Ait Abderrhmane, Haddam Ali El Mahdi, Koceir Elhadj-Ahmed

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Systemic arterial hypertension; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Antioxidant trace elements; Lipotoxicity; Fatty acid Ratio; Endothelial dysfunction; Oxidative Stress; Atherothrombogenic risk; Insulinresistance; inflammation

Online: 22 July 2024 (05:28:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1879.v1

Pathological Role of High Sugar in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect – Augmented Mitochondrial Stress

Ebrima D. Cham, Tsung-I Peng, Mei-Jie Jou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP); high glucose toxicity; oxidative stress; mROS; cardiolipin; mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); mitochondrial calcium stress [Ca2+]m; complex v

Online: 27 June 2024 (05:42:24 CEST)

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According to many research groups, high glucose induces over production of superoxide anions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in general is the link between high glucose levels and the toxicities seen at cellular levels. Respiratory complex anomalies could lead to the production of ROS. Calcium [Ca2+], at physiological levels serves as a second messenger in many physiological functions. Accordingly, mitochondrial calcium [Ca2+]m overload leads to ROS production which could be lethal to the mitochondria through various mechanisms. The F1F0-ATPase (ATP syn-thase or complex V) is the enzyme that is responsible for catalyzing the final step of oxidative phosphorylation. It does so by coupling the translocation of protons in the mitochondrial in-termembrane space and shuttling them to the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis to take place. Mitochondrial complex V T8993G mutation specifically blocks the translocation of protons across the intermembrane space thereby blocking ATP synthesis leading to Neuropathy, Ataxia and Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndromes (NARP). This study seeks to explore the possibility of [Ca2+]m overload mediating the pathological roles of high glucose in defective respiratory chain mediated mitochondrial stress. The NARP cybrids are the in vitro experimental models for the cells with F1FO-ATPase defects, these cells harbor 98% of mtDNA T8993G mutation. Their coun-terparts 143B osteosarcoma cell lines are the parental cell lines used for comparisons. We uncov-ered that, NARP cells mediated and enhanced the death of the cells (apoptosis) when incubated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and high glucose respectively as depicted by the MTT assay of cell viability. Furthermore, using the fluorescence probe-coupled laser scanning confocal imag-ing microscopy, NARP cells significantly enabled mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation and enhanced the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Elucidating the mechanisms of sugar enhanced toxicity on mitochondria would help in the fu-ture to alleviate the symptoms of patients associated with (NARP) syndromes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1797.v1

Phytoene and Phytoene-Rich Microalgae Extracts Extend Lifespan in C. elegans and Protect against Amyloid-β Toxicity in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model

Ángeles Morón-Ortiz, Antonis A Karamalegos, Paula Mapelli-Brahm, Marina Ezcurra, Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Carotenoids; phytoene; bioactive compounds; microalgae; ageing; oxidative stress; antioxidant; anti-ageing; Alzheimer; amyloid-β 42 proteotoxicity; Chlorella sorokiniana; Dunaliella bardawil; C. elegan

Online: 28 May 2024 (09:30:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1628.v1

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Antibacterial Oxidative Therapies: Available Methods to Generate ROS and a Novel Option Proposal

Silvana Alfei, Gian Carlo Schito, Anna Maria Schito, Guendalina Zuccari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: multidrug resistant pathogens; antimicrobial oxidative therapy; reactive oxygen species (ROS); biochar (BC); biochar-derived permanent free radicals (PFRs); advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)

Online: 24 May 2024 (13:19:20 CEST)

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The increasing emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens causes difficult-to-treat infections, with long-term hospitalizations and high incidence of death, thus representing a global public health problem. To manage MDR bacteria bugs, new antimicrobial strategies are necessary, and their introduction in practice is a daily challenge for scientists in the field. An extensively studied approach to treat MDR infections consists in inducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by several methods. Although further clinical investigations are mandatory on the possible toxic effects of ROS to mammalian cells, clinical evaluations are extremely promising, and their topical use to treat infected wounds and ulcers, also in presence of biofilm, is already clinically approved. Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks, at 200−1000 °C in limited presence of O2. Recently, it has been demonstrated that BC capability of removing organic and inorganic xenobiotics is mainly due to the presence of persistent free radicals (PFRs), which can activate oxygen, H2O2 or persulfate in the presence or not of transition metals by electron transfer thus generating ROS, which in turn degrade pollutants by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this context, the antibacterial effects of BC containing PFRs have been demonstrated by some authors against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, thus giving birth to our idea of the possible use of BC-derived PFRs as a novel method capable of inducing ROS generation for antimicrobial oxidative therapy. Here, the general aspects concerning ROS physiological and pathological production and regulation, and the mechanism by which they could exert antimicrobial effects have been reviewed. The methods currently adopted to induce ROS production for antimicrobial oxidative therapy have been discussed. Finally, for the first time, BC-related PFRs have been proposed as a new source of ROS for antimicrobial therapy via AOPs.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0207.v1

The Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review

Luiz José Valotto Neto, Matheus Reverete, Renato Cesar Moretti Junior, Nathalia Mendes Machado, Rakesh Kumar Joshi, Daiane dos Santos Buglio, Caroline Barbalho Lamas, Rosa Direito, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Masaru Tanaka, Sandra Maria Barbalho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Bacopa monnieri; phytotherapy (plants, medicinal, herbal medicine); neurodegenerative diseases; Alzheimer´; s disease; memory; cognitive functions; aging; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; antioxidants; neuropharmacology

Online: 5 February 2024 (04:02:47 CET)

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