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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1754.v1

Digital Trio: Integration of BIM-EIR-IoT for Facilities Management of Mega Construction Projects

Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim, Ahmed Essawy, AlJawharah A.AL Nasser, Amna Shibeika, Alaa Sherif

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Facility management; BIM; IoT; Digital Twin; Digital-Trio; EIR

Online: 27 May 2024 (14:32:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0711.v1

Ensemble Deep Learning-Based Image Classification for Breast Cancer Subtype and Invasiveness Diagnosis from Whole Slide Image Histopathology

Aadhi Balasubramanian, Salah Mohammed Awad Al-Heejawi, Akarsh Singh, Anne Breggia, Bilal Ahmad, Robert Christman, Ryan Stephen T., Saeed Amal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis; Ensemble Deep Learning; Image Processing; Foundation Models; Computer Vision; Digital Pathology; Artificial Intelligence

Online: 10 May 2024 (16:54:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.2016.v1

Variations & Claims in International Construction Contracts (FIDIC) from Statistical Perspective in MENA Region for the Last Decade

Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim, Mohamed Ramadan Ezz Al Regal, AlJawharah A. AL Nasser, Rawan Alwahaibi, Mohamed Tantawy

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: construction industry; international contracts; FIDIC 1999 Red Book; variations; claims; scientometric analysis; statistical analysis; relative importance index (RII); K-means clustering

Online: 1 May 2024 (04:04:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1591.v1

Digital Risk and Financial Inclusion: Balance between Auxiliary Innovation and Protecting Digital Banking Customers

Faraz Ahmed, Arsalan Hussain, Sajjad Nawaz Khan, Arsalan Haneef Malik, Muhammad Asim, Sadique Ahmad, Mohammed El-Affendi

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: Auxiliary Innovation; Digital Banking Customers; Digital Risk; Financial Inclusion

Online: 24 April 2024 (05:15:05 CEST)

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In recent years, the digital economy has played an increasingly important role in enhancing productivity, fostering growth, and facilitating the emergence of digital banking. With the widespread adoption of digital financial services for financial inclusion, the banking sector is experiencing a demand for digital transformation. It is important to note that despite the many advantages of this change, it also disrupts the familiar banking experience that customers have grown to expect, as well as introducing potential risks to maintaining customer protection at previous levels. Many critics have raised concerns regarding customer protection and potential exposure to various risks that may arise from digital financial services, which may result in both financial and non-financial losses. These risks can impact customer retention as dissatisfied customers may switch to alternative service providers. Additionally, reputation can be affected since merely offering digital financial services may not sufficiently safeguard customers. To remain competitive, financial institutions must deliver a secure experience that aligns with customer expectations while considering economic factors and societal needs. This is why it is essential to comprehend the severity of the risk factors that influence the protection of customers in the realm of digitalized banking services and products. In this study, five factors have been identified that influence customer protection when using digital financial services in Pakistan. Based on the analysis conducted using SmartPLS, it appears that all the factors proposed in this study have a significant and positive impact on the protection of customers. In particular, the information provided remains of paramount importance when it comes to determining the level of protection that a customer is entitled to within digital financial services, followed by responsiveness, privacy, authentication, and encryption mechanisms. Due to these findings, the implementation of enhanced information security management principles becomes imperative for the development and progress of the Pakistani digital banking industry.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1058.v1

Analysis of a Reviewed Literature on the Effect of Global Warming on Infectious Diseases’ Dissemination: A Scoping Review

Amr Mariee, Naif Alasiri, Mona Rabea Mohammed Ahmed, Sameera O Alaajmi, Maram Almulafekh, Modi B Al-Otaibi, Asmaa Saied Mohamed, Shaman Matar Awad Al-Hazmi, Ahmed Noaman, Nouf gayad fahad Alrowily, Heba Dakrory Ali El-said, Anwar Salah Farhan Al-dhmashi, Abeer Alshammari, Fawzia Alfaify, Akram N Salah

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: global warming; climate change; infectious diseases; dissemination; scoping review

Online: 15 January 2024 (03:15:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1411.v1

Study to Determine the Prevalence of Premenstrual Migraine among Women with Premenstrual Syndrome in Saudi Arabia

Zainah Al-Qahtani, Bayapa Reddy Narapureddy, Lingala Kalyan Viswanath Reddy, Hassan Yahya Asiri, Abdulkhaliq Hadi H Asiri, Hassan A Alarafy Asiri, Rammas A. Shawkhan, Nouf Abdulraheem Hamood, Ahmad Abdullah H Alsalamy, Nawaf Khalid Ahmed Hassan, Hussein Ahmed M Almahdi, Yousef Yahya Al Qasim, Yahya Ayed Mohammed Al Majbar, Abdullah Ali A Swadi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Menstrual Migraine; Migraine; Non-Menstrual Migraine; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prevalence; Saudi Arabia

Online: 23 October 2023 (12:32:01 CEST)

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Background: Migraine is one of the most common health conditions in the reproductive male and female population. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition that affects many women during their menstrual cycle. around 50 to 60% have menstrual headaches among the migraineur women. The symptoms in the majority were mild, but 5–8% may suffer moderate to severe symptoms, accompanied by considerable distress or functional dysfunction. Premenstrual migraine (PMM) refers to migraines that occur with the menstrual cycle. It affects approximately 50% of women with migraine and can be debilitating in terms of both frequency and severity of symptoms. This information is important for medical professionals in Saudi Arabia to be aware of so, as to provide better medical care and support which can significantly improve the person's quality of life of women who suffer from PMS and menstrual migraines. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of menstrual migraines in women, to evaluate the severity and frequency of menstrual migraines in women with PMS, and to identify potential risk factors aggravating menstrual migraines in women with PMS. Methodology: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted on reproductive age (18-50Years) women who have regular menstrual cycles with experience migraine headaches and are diagnosed with PMS and menstrual migraine, using a self-administered questionnaire between December 2022 to May 2023 in Saudi Arabia. Results: Out of 2130 women participants 397 were suffering from migraine which is 18.6%. Of the total 397(18.6%) Migraineurs individuals 230 (57.9%) were suffering from menstrual migraine and 167 (42.1%) were non-menstrual migraineurs, in general, reproductive women menstrual migraine is 10.7% and non-menstrual migraine is 7.8%. The BMI is increasing the incidence of menstrual migraines is increasing. Migraine Disability Around one-third of the participants were suffering from III–moderate disability 134 (33.8) Most of the menstrual migraine victims at least 3 days in the last three months were absent from their duties due to their menstrual migraines. Conclusions: Migraine attacks during the menstrual cycle cause the impairment of their social and physical ability to perform their routine household, and academic activities and unable to fulfill their professional commitments. To better understand the Menstrual Migraine and Non-menstrual migraine large prospective studies are required to plan the best management methods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0170.v1

Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-mediated Blood-brain Barrier Opening Increases Anti-programmed Death-ligand 1 Delivery and Efficacy in Gl261 Mouse Model

Mohammed H Ahmed, Emie Quissac, Nolwenn Lemaire, Isaias Hernández-Verdín, Noël Zahr, Charlotte Schmitt, Guillaume Bouchoux, Michael Canney, M.D. Santin, Alexandra Petiet, Laura Mouton, Coralie Guerin, Lea Guyonnet, Marc Sanson, Maïté Verreault, Alexandre Carpentier, Ahmed Idbaih

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SonoCloud; GL261 mouse model; ultrasound-mediated drug delivery; glioblastoma; immune checkpoint inhibitors

Online: 9 December 2022 (02:59:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0417.v1

Substance Use Disorders and Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease: Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database

Harshil Patel, Urvish Patel, Medhat Chowdhury, Andrew Assaf, Chaithanya Avanthika, Mohammed Nor, Mohamed Rage, Apoorva Madapu, Sravani Konatham, Mamatha Vodapally, Vatsalya Bhat, Anupa Gnawali, Mohamed Mohamed, Nawal Abdi, Faizan Ahmad Malik, Shamik Shah, Marcel Elias Zughaib

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Recreational substance abuse; drug abuse; marijuana; amphetamine; acute ischemic stroke; risk factors; young adult; NIS; Stroke; Sudden Cardiac Death

Online: 27 September 2022 (09:41:00 CEST)

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Background: Substance use continues to be on the rise in the United States and has been linked to new onset cardiovascular (CVDs) and cerebrovascular disorders (CeVDs) leading to hospitalizations. We aimed to study the association of different subtypes of substance use disorders (SUDs) among hospitalized patients, with the different subtypes of CVDs and CeVDs, using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database. Additionally, we aimed to assess the odds of hospitalizations with new onset CVDs and CeVDs among patients with different types of SUDs. Methods: A retrospective study of the NIS database (2016-2017) using the ICD-10-CM codes was performed. The hospitalizations with a secondary diagnosis of SUDs were identified. Weighted univariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariate survey logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate for the incidence, prevalence, and odds of association between vascular events and SUDs. Results: There were a total of 58,259,589 hospitalizations, out of which 21.42% had SUDs. Out of all the hospitalized patients between the age 18-50, more patients had SUDs than not (31.83%, p< 0.0001). This difference existed for all the different subtypes of SUDs including alcohol related disorder (42.61%), amphetamine dependence (76.17% vs 31.83%), cannabis related disorder (75.17%), cocaine related disorders (57.87%), hallucinogen related disorder (82.91%), inhalant related disorders (67.25%), opioid related disorders (52.86%), and nicotine dependence (35.72%). We found a significant association of acute ischemic stroke with amphetamine dependence (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.14-1.33), cocaine related disorders (1.17, 1.12-1.23) and nicotine dependence (1.42, 1.40-1.43). Similarly, the association of intracerebral hemorrhage was higher with amphetamine dependence (2.58, 2.26-2.93), and cocaine related disorders (1.62, 1.46-1.79). The association of subarachnoid hemorrhage was noted to be higher with amphetamine dependence (1.82, 1.48-2.24) and nicotine dependence (1.47, 1.39-1.55). In terms of association of cardiovascular disorders with SUDs,the patients with myocardial infarction had higher odds of nicotine dependence (1.85, 1.83-1.87) than not, Similarly, the patients with angina pectoris were noted to have a higher association with cocaine related disorders (2.21, 1.86-2.62), and those with atrial fibrillation had a higher association alcohol related disorders (1.14, 1.11-1.17). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the variability of CVD and CeVD in patients hospitalized for SUD. Findings from our study may help promote increased awareness and early management of these events. Further studies are needed to evaluate specific effects of frequency and dose on the incidence and prevalence of CVD and CeVD in patients with SUD.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0194.v1

Faculty Members’ Perspective on Virtual Interviews for Medical Residency Matching during the COVID-19 Crisis: A National Survey

Fadi Aljamaan, Fadia Alkhattabi, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Ali Alhaboob, Nasser Alharbi, Adi Alherbish, Badr Almosned, Mohammed Alobaylan, Hayfa Alabdulkarim, Amr Jamal, Sami A. Alhaidar, Basim Alsaywid, Fahad A. Bashiri, Mazin Barry, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Khalid Alhasan, Mohamad-Hani Temsah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: COVID-19; medical residency; virtual interviews; satisfaction; survey; faculty member

Online: 10 December 2021 (20:17:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0027.v1

Vitamin C Supplementation and Hyperuricemia: Fact or Hoax?

Firas S. Azzeh, Abrar H. Al-Hebshi, Haya D. Al-Essimii, Mohammed A. Alarjah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: vitamin C; hyperuricemia; gout; glomerular filtration rate

Online: 3 November 2016 (10:49:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0134.v1

VEIDEA; a Comprehensive Framework for Implementing BIM-Based Value Engineering within a Common Data Environment in Construction Projects

Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim, Ahmed Elhakeem, Aljawharah A. Alnaser, Amna Shibeika, Ahmed Mahmoud Elsayed

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Value engineering (VE); Building information modeling (BIM); Common data environment (CDE); VE-idea Bank; Analytic hierarchy process (AHP); Construction projects

Online: 2 September 2024 (23:24:55 CEST)

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The architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is dealing with serious challenges on a global scale, i.e., project delays, budget overruns, and insufficient stakeholder collaboration. In this context, Value Engineering (VE) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have been used recently to address these challenges and cope with large-scale and complex construction projects. An extensive body of literature highlights significant advantages of integrated VE within BIM technology. Despite this, it is full practical potential has not yet been realized. For this reason, this paper aims to investigate the integration of Value Engineering (VE) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) within a Common Data Environment (CDE) for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. In doing this research, a comprehensive framework was developed and systematically implemented into practice through the use of four interconnected modules: (M. 1); Creating CDE, (M. 2); Design BIM Model Development, (M. 3); Value Analysis / Engineering Model, and (M. 4); Value Engineering Study. Introducing a new term the ""VEIDEA"" databank based on the OmniClass classification system provides a structured database utilized to store, manage, and accumulate VE ideas. Moreover, the study incorporates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to automate the evaluation phase. Such a framework seeks to assist designers and VE team members make informed decisions when choosing appropriate design alternatives. Lastly, a case study method was adopted to examine the proposed framework for an office building. Quantitative data showed a significant link between cost savings and VR integration with BIM technology. For instance, cost of the RC slabs dropped by 20%, while flooring materials cost dropped by a 39%. Empirically, evidence from the case study supports literature regarding t the potential for significant enhancements in both cost-effectiveness and overall project performance through this innovative integration. In the context of knowledge contribution, this study provides an innovative way to assist designers and VE team members in making well-informed decisions when choosing appropriate design alternatives.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0937.v1

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; a Distinctive Presentation with Myocarditis and Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia: Case Report

Doaa Abdulwahab Mohammed Ayish, Fatma Ayish, Asayel Alhasan Khamjan, Amal. H. Mohamed, Nagla Abdalgani, Osama Albasheer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Eosinophilia; myocarditis; vasculitis; autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; heart failure

Online: 13 August 2024 (13:04:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2603.v1

Sesame an Underutilized Oil Seed Crop: Breeding Achievements and Future Challenges

Saeed Rauf, Taiyyibah Basharat, Adane Gebeyehu, Mohammed Elsafy, Mahbubjon Rahmatov, Rodomiro Ortiz, Yalcin Kaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Abiotic stress; Capsules; CRISPR/Cas9; Genomics, SNPs; Yield

Online: 31 July 2024 (15:14:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1405.v1

Variations and Claims in International Construction Projects in the MENA Region from Last Decade

Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim, Ruqaya S Al-Sabah, Salah Omar Said, Mohamed Tantawy, Mohamed Salem, Mohamed Ramadan Ezz Al Regal

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: construction industry; international contracts; FIDIC 1999 Red Book; variations; claims; scientific metric analysis; statistical analysis; relative importance index (RII); K-means clustering

Online: 17 July 2024 (10:19:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1611.v1

Study of the Leakage Current Transport Mechanisms in Pseudo-Vertical GaN-on-Silicon Schottky Diode Grown by Localized Epitaxy

Mohammed EL AMRANI, Julien Buckley, Thomas Kaltsounis, David Plaza Arguello, Hala El Rammouz, Daniel Alquier, Matthew Charles

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Gallium nitride; pseudo-vertical p-n-diodes; localized epitaxy; leakage mechanisms

Online: 24 May 2024 (05:52:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0080.v1

Adapting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure Management and Kidney Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children in the Saudi Arabian context using the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology

Khalid Abdulaziz Alhasan, Juan José Yepes-Nuñez, Sumayah Askandarani, Yasser Sami Amer, Muneera Al-Jelaify, Khalid I. Almatham, Mohammed Al-Ghonaim, Sultan Al Dalbhi, Jameela Abdulaziz Kari, Ahmed Mitwalli, Ziad Memish, Joanna Sara Valson, Ximena Alvira, Khushnam Bilimoria, Ruchi Chawla, Sheila Feit, Skye Bickett, Klara Brunnhuber

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: chronic kidney disease; antihypertensive; practice guidelines; recommendations; performance measures; GRADE; adolopment; AGREE II; RIGHT-Ad@pt; evidence-based healthcare; Saudi Arabia

Online: 6 April 2023 (08:59:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2057.v2

Nano-Enhanced Polymer Composite Materials: A Review of Current Advancements and Challenges

Abdulrahman Adeiza Musa, Abdulhakeem Bello, Mohammed Adam Sani, Azikiwe Peter Onwualu, Vitalis C. Anye, Kamilu Adeyemi Bello, Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: nanocomposite; carbon‐based nanomaterials; composite development; challenges; nanocomposite performance

Online: 30 July 2024 (11:44:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0168.v1

Preparedness, Prevention, Investigation, and Response to the Emergence of Mpox in Khartoum, Sudan in 2022

Yousif Ali, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Mohammed Osman, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Ahmed Musa, Ayman Ahmed

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Mpox; Outbreak; Pandemic Preparedness and Response; global health emergency of international concern; epidemiology, Zoonoses, One Health; Global Health Security

Online: 4 June 2024 (10:43:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1106.v1

A Generic and Extendable Framework for Benchmarking and Assessing the Change Detection Models

Ahmed Alaa Abdelbaky Hassouna, Mohamed Badr Ismail, Ali Alqahtani, Nayef Alqahtani, Amany Shaban Hassan, Huthaifa I Ashqar, Anas M.R. AlSobeh, Abdallah A. Hassan, Mohammed Elhenawy

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Change Detection; Remote Sensing; Aerial Images; Deep Learning; Convolution Neural Network (CNN); Recurrent Neural Network (RNN); Sustainable Development; Benchmarking; Generalization; Model Evaluation; Contour Analytics; Robustness Analysis

Online: 20 March 2024 (04:40:23 CET)

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Change Detection (CD) of aerial images refers to identifying and analyzing changes between two or more aerial images of the same location taken at different times. The CD is a highly challenging task due to the need to distinguish relevant changes, such as urban expansion, deforestation, or post-disaster damage assessment, from irrelevant ones, such as light conditions, shadows, and seasonal variations. Many CD papers have recently been published, where most of the papers that proposed a new model contained a comparison between their proposed and state-of-the-art (SOTA) models. While many recent studies propose new deep learning (DL) models for improving CD performance, their comparative analyses are often restricted, lacking comprehensive insights into the proposed models' real-world generalizability, robustness, and performance trade-offs across diverse change characteristics. This paper presents a novel generic framework to systematically benchmark and assess DL-based CD models through three parallel pipelines: 1) cross-testing models on diverse benchmark datasets to evaluate generalization, 2) robustness analysis against different image corruptions, and 3) multi-faceted contour-level analytics evaluating detection sensitivity to change size/complexity. The framework is applied to comparatively evaluate five state-of-the-art DL-based CD models - Changeformer, BIT, Tiny, SNUNet, and CSA-CDGAN. Extensive experiments unveil each model's strengths, limitations and biases, highlighting their relative proficiencies in generalizing across data distributions, resilience to noise corruption, and discriminative capabilities for changes of varying characteristics. The proposed benchmarking framework demonstrates significant potential for guiding the selection of suitable CD models tailored to specific application requirements by comprehensively evaluating their generalizability, robustness, and detection capabilities across diverse real-world scenarios. This systematic evaluation approach can drive future research into developing more robust and versatile CD solutions aligned with practical needs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0894.v1

Characterization of As-Synthesized PANI/CeO₂ Nanocomposite Films for Enhanced Anti-corrosion Applications

Ahmad Alsaad, Mohannad Al-Hmoud, Taha Rababah, MOHAMMAD MARASHDEH, Mamduh J. Aljaafreh, Sharif Abu Alrub, Ayed M. Binzowaimil, Ahmad Telfah

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: corrosion protection; protonated polyaniline (PANI); cerium dioxide (CeO₂); optical bandgap energy; electrical conductivity

Online: 16 February 2024 (11:07:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0310.v1

Systematic Down-Selection of Repurposed Drug Candidates for COVID-19

Christopher A. MacRaild, Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman Mohammed, Faheem Faheem, Sankaranarayanan Murugesan, Ian K. Styles, Amanda L. Peterson, Carl M.J. Kirkpatrick, Matthew A. Cooper, Enzo A. Palombo, Moana M. Simpson, Hardik Ashish Jain, Vinti Agarwal, Alexander J. McAuley, Anupama Kumar, Darren J. Creek, Natalie L. Trevaskis, Seshadri S. Vasan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; CoviRx.org; database; drugs; pandemic; repurposing; SARS-CoV-2; therapies; treatments; Variants of Concern (VOC)

Online: 20 September 2022 (15:00:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0096.v1

Perception of Medical Students Regarding Teaching Health Policy and their Participation in Health Policy Roles: A Survey at a Public University in Malaysia

Mainul Haque, Nor Azlina A Rahman, Sayeeda Rahman, Md. Anwarul Azim Majumder, Sharifah Shasha Binti Syed Mohdhar, Halyna Lugova, Adnan Abdullah, Shahidah Leong Binti Abdullah, Mohd Hafizi Bin Ismail, Charan Jaykaran, Santosh Kumar, Mohammed Irfan, Ibrahim Sani, Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar, Kona Chowdhury, Farhana Akter, Dilshad Jahan, Rahnuma Ahmad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Health; Policy; Knowledge; Perception; Medical Students; Malaysia

Online: 11 April 2022 (11:07:12 CEST)

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Background: Health policy is a set of comprehensive principles and legislations that guide how healthcare should be effectively delivered in the community. Medical schools should prepare students to undertake managerial responsibilities by incorporating health policy in the curriculum to deal with the intricacies of healthcare systems and their clinical roles in their future professional careers. Objective: To examine medical students' perception at a Public University in Malaysia regarding teaching health policy and their participation in health policy roles. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study using universal sampling was carried out among the medical students using a paper-based questionnaire to collect the data. Results: Most respondents opined their willingness to learn health policy (80.9%) and that teaching health policy (83.6%) should be compulsory for medical students. The respondents thought health policy should be introduced earlier in Year 1 or 2. The student scores on their knowledge regarding health policy and year of study were significantly associated with their involvement in the health policy roles in both the simple and multiple logistic regression. Both statistical tests reported higher participation in health policy roles with the higher year of study, though only Year 4 and 5 were significant in the simple logistic regression and only Year 5 in the multiple logistic regression compared to Year 1. On the other hand, age and type of admission show significant results only in the simple logistic regression, while the race was only significant at the multivariate level. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that most respondents showed their willingness to learn health policy, participate in the health policy programs, and recommend that health policy be considered an essential topic in the medical curriculum, which should be taught right from the first year of medical school. We recommend encouraging students’ participation in health policy activities.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0354.v1

Association between Enteral Nutrition and the Incidence of Pneumonia in Critical Care Adults: A Literature Review

Ahmed O. Alenazi, Mashael M Alharbi, Afnan A Alsaab, Metrek A Aldossary, Salem T Khrnoob, Faisal Saad Alzoabi, Saleh M Alhuwaiji, Abdulhadi Alzahrani, Ghazi N Almutairi, Rakan M Alassaf, Waad Alharbi, Shouq Alahmadi, Ghada A Aloufi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: enteral nutrition; feeding; association; aspiration; pneumonia; adults; critical care

Online: 4 September 2024 (11:23:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1150.v1

Nomad Fishers: A Socially Excluded and Climate Vulnerable Fishing Community in Bangladesh

Sharif Ahmed Sazzad, Mahmudul Hasan Mithun, Moniruzzaman Mr, Ayrin Ahmed, Mohammed Samiullah, Mohammad Abdul Hamid, Habib Mohammad Ali, Jahedul haque, Atiqur Rahman Sunny

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: sustainable livelihoods; vulnerability; social position; fishing; nomadic fishers

Online: 15 July 2024 (11:03:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0598.v1

Melanoma Brain Metastases Patient-Derived Organoids: an in Vitro Platform for Drug Screening

Saif-Eldin Abedellatif, Racha Hosni, Andreas Waha, Gerrit H. Gielen, Mohammed Banat, Motaz Hamed, Erdem Güresir, Anne Fröhlich, Judith Sirokay, Anna-Lena Wulf, Glen Kristiansen, Torsten Pietsch, Hartmut Vatter, Michael Hölzel, Matthias Schneider, Marieta Ioana Toma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Melanoma; brain metastases; BRAF; Organoids

Online: 8 July 2024 (09:04:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1121.v1

Monitoring Earthquake Risks in Nador, Northeast Morocco

Mohammed Hlal, Rida Azmi, El Bachir Diop, Meriem Adraoui, Seyid Abdellahi Ebnou Abdem, Imane Serbouti, Mariem Bounabi, Jérôme Chenal

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geography Keywords: earthquake; risk management; urban environment; vulnerability; Nador; Morocco

Online: 17 June 2024 (08:39:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0089.v1

Development of Foam Composites from Flax Gum-Filled Epoxy Resin

Corentin Musa, Mohammed Zaidi, Michael Depriester, Yamina Allouche, Naim Naouar, Alain Bourmaud, Dominique Baillis, François Delattre

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); moulding compounds

Online: 4 June 2024 (04:15:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0812.v1

Effect of Lower Body, Core and Upper Body Kinematic Chain Exercise Protocol on Throwing Performance and Shoulder Muscle Strength Among University Shot Put Athletes – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Vinod Kumar K.C, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Samira Ahmed Alsenany, Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem, Amany Anwar Saeed Alabdullah, Saad Suleman Alfawaz

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Shot put; Kinematic chain; Exercise regimen; Shoulder muscle strength; Throwing efficiency; Performance improvement; Training program; Athlete satisfaction.

Online: 13 May 2024 (09:32:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0626.v1

Identification of Some Potential Host Cellular Receptors and Enzymes that Potentially Refine the Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) Tissue Tropism, Replication, and Pathogenesis

Mohd Yasir Khan, Abid Ullah Shah, Nithyadevi Duraisamy, Reda Nacif ElAlaoui, Mohammed Cherkaoui, Maged Gomaa Hemida

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: BCoV; spike glycoprotein; Hemagglutinin esterase; ACE-2; NPR-1; Furin; TMPRRS2; docking; Neu5,9Ac2; Homology modeling; virus/host interaction; NGS; expression profile; q-RT-PCR ;

Online: 9 September 2024 (07:34:26 CEST)

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The information about the BCoV receptors, co/receptors that might be involved in the BCoV entry to the host cells is inconceivable. In addition to that, the roles of other host cell proteases, such as Furin and TMPRSS2, have not yet been well studied during BCoV replication. The current study’s main objectives are to identify some novel BCoV receptors and host cell proteases that might fine-tune the BCoV replication, tissue tropism, and molecular pathogenesis. We used a combination of some in silico prediction, molecular docking, and gene expression profile tools to predict some new BCoV receptors out of some known other coronavirus receptors and some host cell enzymes that are potentially involved in BCoV replication. To achieve these goals, we applied the in-silico prediction tools to check the potential interactions between eh BCoV/S glycoprotein and some known coronaviruses receptors (ACE2, APN1, NPR1, CECAM-1, AXL, and DPP4). We also established some potential models for the interaction between the BCoV/S and some common host cell proteases proved to play important roles in other coronavirus replication cycle (Furin, TMPRRS2, and Cathepsin-L). To confirm our prediction models, we assessed the gene expression profiles of these potential receptors and proteases in some bovine cell lines infected with BCoV using the next generation sequencing and the qRT-PCR assay. Our results show that the NPR1, AXL1 and the ACE2 have the strongest and firm binding affinities to the BCoV-S protein. Our prediction models and gene expression profiles show the potential bindings of the Furin and TMPRSS2 to the BCoV-S polybasic cleavage site (RRSRR|A). Notably, high expression of the host cell Furin was observed in response to both BCoV/Ent and BCoV/Resp infection, whereas TMPRSS2 expression was upregulated in the case of the BCoV/Ent infection, positioning Furin as a common receptor for different BCoV isolates. Further research is needed to study the roles of these top-ranked receptors and host cell proteases in molecular pathogenesis, and tissue tropism.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0427.v1

Role of Morphology on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Activity and Hydrogen Production

Ahmad Fallatah, Mohammed Kuku, Laila Alqahtani, Almqdad Bubshait, Noha S. Almutairi, Sonal Padalkar, Abdullah M. Alotaibi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: Zinc oxide; Electrodeposition; Morphology; Water splitting; Nanostructure; Photocatalysis

Online: 5 September 2024 (08:13:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2504.v1

Elevated Graft-versus-Host Disease Risk Among International Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Study from the UAE

Syed Naveed, Afrooz Imrana, Mir Ahmed Farooq, Khan Ali Azmat, Abdulla J.M.H Nada, Hussain Shakir, Chandani Uttam Ashok, Hasan Amera, Samad Abdel Hanin, ElGhazali Gehad, Hashmi Shahrukh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD); stem cell transplantation (SCT); united arab emirates (UAE); risk factors for GVHD; organ-GVHD

Online: 31 July 2024 (11:48:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1955.v1

Barriers to Insulin Initiation for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thi-Qar Province, Southern Iraq

DR Adel Gassab Mohammed, Riyadh khion Abdulah, Samih Abed Odhaib, Dheya Kadhim AlWaeli, Mahmood Thamer Altemimi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: type 2 diabetes; clinical inertia; barriers; glycemic control; insulin therapy

Online: 24 July 2024 (11:48:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1541.v1

Factors Influencing Attitudes of University Students towards ChatGPT and its Usage: A Multi-National Study Validating the TAME-ChatGPT Survey Instrument

Maram Abdaljaleel, Muna Barakat, Mariam Alsanafi, Nesreen A. Salim, Husam Abazid, Diana Malaeb, Ali Haider Mohammed, Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, Abdulrasool M. Wayyes, Sinan Subhi Farhan, Sami El Khatib, Mohamad Rahal, Ali Sahban, Doaa H. Abdelaziz, Noha O. Mansour, Reem AlZayer, Roaa Khalil, Feten Fekih-Romdhane, Rabih Hallit, Souheil Hallit, Malik Sallam

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: higher education; technology acceptance; generative pre-trained transformer; curriculum design; academia

Online: 22 September 2023 (08:39:44 CEST)

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Artificial intelligence (AI)-based models hold the potential to transform higher education if adopted properly and ethically. A prime example is ChatGPT with earlier studies indicating its widespread adoption in academia and by university students. The current study aimed to identify the factors influencing the attitude towards ChatGPT and its usage among university students in Arab countries. A previous survey instrument termed Technology Acceptance Model Edited to Assess ChatGPT Adoption (TAME-ChatGPT) was administered online using a convenience-based approach among the contacts of the authors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the survey constructs was done using root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI). The final study sample comprised a total of 2240 participant divided as follows: Iraq (n=736, 32.9%), Kuwait (n=582, 26.0%), Egypt (n=417, 18.6%), Lebanon (n=263, 11.7%), and Jordan (n=242, 10.8%). A total of 1048 respondents heard of ChatGPT before the study (46.8%), of which 551 used ChatGPT (52.6%). The mean scores of TAME-ChatGPT constructs showed that the ease of ChatGPT use, positive attitude towards technology and social influence, higher perceived usefulness, the influence of behavioral/cognitive factors, low perceived risks and low anxiety were the determinants of positive attitude to ChatGPT and its use. For both the attitude and usage scales of TAME-ChatGPT, CFA collectively yielded satisfactory fit indices as indicated by low RMSEA and SRMR together with high CFI and TLI. Multivariate analysis showed that attitude to ChatGPT use was significantly influenced by country of residence, age, university type, and the latest grade point average of the students. The current study confirmed the validity of TAME-ChatGPT as a survey instrument to assess the possible determinants of ChatGPT use among university students in Arab countries. The study findings highlighted that successful adoption of ChatGPT in higher education could be dependent on perceived ease of use, usefulness, positive attitudes to technology, social influence, behavioral/cognitive factors, lower anxiety, and minimal perceived risks. The utility of ChatGPT in higher education requires policies that should be tailored for various settings, considering the differences observed in attitude towards ChatGPT among participating students in this study.

Preprint DATA DESCRIPTOR | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0323.v1

CoviRx: A User-Friendly Interface for Systematic Down-Selection of Repurposed Drug Candidates for COVID-19

Hardik Ashish Jain, Vinti Agarwal, Chaarvi Bansal, Anupama Kumar, Faheem Faheem, Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman Mohammed, Sankaranarayanan Murugesan, Moana M Simpson, Avinash V Karpe, Rohitash Chandra, Christopher A MacRaild, Ian K Styles, Amanda L Peterson, Matthew A Cooper, Carl M.J. Kirkpatrick, Rohan M Shah, Enzo A Palombo, Natalie L Trevaskis, Darren J Creek, Seshadri S Vasan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: COVID-19; Open-source dataset; Drug Repurposing; Database system; Web application devel-opment; software development; Drug fingerprints; Bulk upload

Online: 21 September 2022 (10:14:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0314.v1

Monkeypox and its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where are we now with its evidence?

Ranjit Sah, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Abdullah Reda, Basant E. Katamesh, Emery Manirambona, Hanaa Abdelmonem, Rachana Mehta, Ali A. Rabaan, Saad Alhumaid, Wadha Alfouzan, Amer I. Alomar, Faryal Khamis, Fadwa S. Alofi, Maha H. Aljohani, Amal H. Alfaraj, Mubarak Alfaresi, Jumana M. Al-Jishi, Jameela Al-Salman, Ahlam Alynbiawi, Mohammed S. Almogbel, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: sexual transmission; monkeypox; emerging; global; epidemic

Online: 21 July 2022 (08:08:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1352.v1

Evaluating the Efficacy of Oral Chloral Hydrate and Determinants of Median Induction Time for Pediatric MRI Procedural Sedation: A Time-to-Event Analysis Perspective

Sara Amer Alomar, Ahmed Nawfal Alshammari, Fahad Alnajim, Maan Abdullah Albesair, Amr Esmail, Abdullah BinHasan, Fay Fahad Aldenaini, Mohammed Shahab Uddin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Chloral Hydrate; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); Pediatric Sedation; Procedural Sedation; Drug Efficacy; Pediatrics

Online: 18 September 2024 (11:39:31 CEST)

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Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential in pediatric diagnostics; however, the need for effective sedation due to children’s inability to remain still presents a challenge. Oral Chloral Hydrate (OCH) is commonly used for its efficacy and safety, but there is a lack of detailed exploration of the median induction time, the period from administration to effective sedation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of OCH and identify the determinants of the median induction time for pediatric MRI procedural sedation.Methods: This retrospective study evaluated oral chloral hydrate (50-100 mg/kg) for pediatric MRI sedation using records from the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital (2018-2022). Pediatric patients (1–8 years) were assessed for sedation efficacy, with exclusion criteria for allergies or incomplete data. Time-to-event analysis (Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression) was used to identify factors influencing sedation induction time. The data included age, weight, dose, and outcomes. The analysis highlighted the key predictors of sedation success and optimized procedural sedation protocols.Results: The study included 183 pediatric patients with a median age of 30 months and a median chloral hydrate dose of 66 mg. Sedation success was 85.79%, with younger age and shorter induction times being significantly associated with success (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in induction times between the neurological and non-neurological groups (p=0.64). Cox regression identified longer MRI duration and multiple doses as significant factors influencing the timing of sedation (p=0.050, p=0.008). Bootstrap analysis confirmed a robust median induction time of 30 minutes.Conclusions: Oral chloral hydrate achieved 85.79% success in pediatric MRI sedation, with younger and lighter patients having better outcomes. The median sleep induction time was 30 minutes, and extending sedation to 60 minutes further improved the success rate.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0297.v1

Gastric Cancer Detection with Ensemble Learning on digital pathology: Use Case of Gastric Cancer on GasHisSDB Dataset

Govind Rajesh Mudavadkar, Mo Deng, Salah Mohammed Awad Al-Heejawi, Isha Hemant Arora, Anne Breggia, Bilal Ahmad, Robert Christman, Stephen T. Ryan, Saeed Amal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Cancer Detection; Machine Learning; Gastrointestinal Cancer; Deep Learning; Histopathology

Online: 6 August 2024 (04:46:53 CEST)

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Gastric cancer has become a serious worldwide health concern, emphasizing the cru-cial importance of early diagnosis measures to improve patient outcomes. While tradi-tional histological image analysis is regarded as the clinical gold standard, it is la-bor-intensive and manual. Recognizing this problem, there has been a rise in interest in using computer-aided diagnostics tools to help pathologists with their diagnostic ef-forts. In particular, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising solution in this sector. However, current DL models are still restricted in their ability to extract exten-sive visual characteristics for correct categorization. To tackle this limitation, this study proposes the use of ensemble models, which incorporate the capabilities of sev-eral deep learning architectures and use aggregate knowledge of many models to im-prove classification performance, allowing for more accurate and efficient gastric cancer detection. To see how well these proposed models performed, this study com-pared them to other works, all of which were based on the Gastric Histopathology Sub-size Images Database, a publicly available dataset for gastric cancer. This research demonstrated that the ensemble models achieved high detection accuracy across all sub-databases, with an average accuracy exceeding 99%. Specifically, ResNet50, VGGNet, and ResNet34 performed better than EfficientNet and VitNet. For the 80 × 80 pixel sub-database, ResNet34 exhibited an accuracy of approximately 93%, VGGNet achieved 94%, and the ensemble model excelled with 99%. In the 120 × 120 pixel sub-database, the ensemble model showed 99% accuracy, VGGNet 97%, and ResNet50 approximately 97%. For the 160 × 160 pixel sub-database, the ensemble model again achieved 99% accuracy, VGGNet 98%, ResNet50 98%, and EfficientNet 92%, high-lighting the ensemble model's superior performance across all resolutions. Overall, the ensemble model consistently provided an accuracy of 99% across the three sub-pixel categories. These findings showed that ensemble models may successfully detect criti-cal characteristics from smaller patches and achieve high performance. The findings will help pathologists diagnose gastric cancer using histopathological images, leading to earlier identification and higher patient survival rates.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0787.v1

Latent Class Analysis: A Data Discovery Approach for Exploring Dietary Intake Patterns among Sudanese Children Aged 0 to 2

Gamal Saad Mohamed Khamis, Zakaryia M. S. Mohammed, Mohyaldein Salih, Ali Sati, Abaker A. Hassaballa, Asharaf F. A. Mahmoud, Omer M.A. Hamed, Faroug A. Abdalla, Elzain A. Gumma, Ahmad M. A. Adam

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Latent Class Analysis; BIC; AIC; CAIC; SABIC; Machine Learning; dietary patterns; Sociodemographic Factors; Public Health

Online: 12 June 2024 (11:23:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0349.v1

Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Proinflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment

Tonie Farris, Salvador Gonzalez Ochoa, Muna Mohammed, Harshana Rajakaruna, Jane Tonello, Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai, Olga Korolkova, Akiko Shimamoto, Alla V Ivanova, Anil Shanker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: aging; neuroinflammation; cognitive impairment; Tusc2; Fus1; mitochondria; calcium; brain immune populations; sex-dependent changes

Online: 7 May 2024 (08:17:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1204.v1

A Novel Version Three Parameter Nadarajah Haghighi Model: Entropy Measures, Inference and Applications

Fatimah M. Alghamdi, Mohammed Amine Meraou, Hassan M. Aljohani, Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Fathy H. RIAD, Sara Mohamed Ahmed Alsheikh, Meshayil M. Alsolmi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Asymmetric dataset; Heavy tailed; MLE procedure; Nadarajah Haghighi; Simulation experiments; Survival function; Symmetric dataset

Online: 18 April 2024 (13:49:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0828.v1

Uncertainty Analysis of Predictive Models for Water Quality Index: Comparative Analysis of XGBoost, Random Forest, SVM, KNN, Gradient Boosting, and Decision Tree Algorithms.

Farkhanda Abbas, Zhihua Cai, Muhammad Shoaib, Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Ismail, ARIF ULLAH, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: groundwater modelling; water quality index; machine learning algorithms; water quality assessment

Online: 15 February 2024 (09:32:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0578.v1

The Hidden World Beneath Our Feet: Unraveling the Role of Soil Pores in the Complex Mechanisms of Soil Carbon Sequestration

Hegarty Philip James, A Unimke, S. E. Mohammed, S M Swafo, S M Yahaya, Jamila Aliyu, Benson Turyasingura

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Carbon Sequestration; Climate change; Soil Organic Carbon; Soil Pores; Microbial Activity

Online: 10 February 2024 (08:09:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2123.v1

Synthesis and Characterization of Mono- and Biphasic Ca1−xMnxHPO4·nH2O Compounds

Mohammed Alyami, Haya Ali Alsunaidi, Juma'a Al-Kafawein, Abdulaziz A. Alanazi, Satam Alotibi, Fahad Abdulaziz, Nada T. Mahmoud, Mazen Alshaaer

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: CaHPO4·2H2O; MnHPO4·(H2O)3; unit cell; SEM; crystal structure

Online: 29 August 2024 (08:29:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0796.v1

Exploring Bioactive Components and Assessing Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities in Three Seaweed Extracts from the Northeastern Coast of Algeria

Nawal Bouzenad, Nesrine Ammouchi, Nadjla Chaib, Mohammed Meeaoudi, Walid Bousabaa, Chawki Bensouici, Barbara Sawicka*, Maria Atanassova, Sheikh F Ahmad, Wafa Zahnit

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Antioxidant activity; Bioactive compounds; Elementary analysis; Nutritional and phytochemical composition; Seaweed

Online: 12 June 2024 (11:25:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0514.v1

Exploring the Role of Rehabilitation Medicine Within an Inclusion Health Context: Examining a Population at Risk From Homelessness and Brain Injury in Edinburgh

Edwin Eshun, Orla Burke, Florence Do, Aashik Ahamed Mohammed Jemseed, Angus Maciver, Anushka Mathur, Cassie Mayne, Levente Novak, Anna Siddique, Eve Smith, David Tapia-Stocker, Alasdair FitzGerald

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: rehabilitation; traumatic brain injury; inclusion health, homelessness, multimorbidity

Online: 8 May 2024 (15:27:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0749.v1

Unveiling the Landscape of COVID-19 Vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A Socio-Demographic, Clinical, and Vaccine Profile Analysis

Gehad Subaiea, Nawaf Alkhateeb, Faisal Sahman, Abdulrahman Alsudayri, Abdulkarim Mohammed Almudayni, Hamoud Alrashidi, Abdulrahman Majid Alshammari, Ahmed Alsolami, Abdulmalik M. Alqarni, Abdulwahab Alamri, Yasser Alhabeeb, Sirajudheen Anwar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination; Saudi Arabia; Cross-sectional study; Socio-demographic characteristics; Chronic conditions; Vaccine administration; Infection rates

Online: 13 February 2024 (12:40:53 CET)

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The worldwide competition to vaccinate against COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of immunization measures in containing the virus. Saudi Arabia, like the rest of the globe, must assess socio-demographic subtleties, chronic illnesses, vaccination effects, and public health policy implications as it navigates this complicated environment. This cross-sectional study examined Saudi COVID-19 vaccine in many ways. It examined the socio-demographic makeup of vaccine recipients, the prevalence of chronic conditions in this population, vaccine administration patterns, post-vaccination side effects, and vaccine-infection rates. A questionnaire-based online survey of 401 participants ensured gender, nationality, age, weight, and educational diversity. We analyzed vaccine manufacturer choice for each dosage, side effects after the first and second doses, and chronic diseases in the sample. Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines are preferred for all three doses, reflecting worldwide vaccination acceptance patterns. Side effects were not significantly different between vaccination kinds. Interestingly, immunization reduced infection rates, demonstrating the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. The data fills important information gaps and illuminates Saudi COVID-19 vaccination kinetics. These data support the global preference for mRNA vaccines, demonstrating the faith in this breakthrough technology. They also sponsor COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness studies. The dramatic drop in infection rates among vaccinated people shows how vaccinations suppress the pandemic. These findings inform Saudi Arabia's immunization efforts. As booster doses become more common, long-term vaccination research is crucial. Vaccine reluctance, especially in certain demographics, must be addressed. Due to vaccines' protective potential, equitable vaccine distribution and large immunization programs are essential for herd immunity and pandemic management. This thorough cross-sectional study helps policymakers and healthcare practitioners build successful and inclusive COVID-19 immunization regimens in Saudi Arabia.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2347.v1

Investigating the Potential Overuse of Pan-Computed Tomography (PanCT) Examinations in Emergency Departments

Haitham Alahmad, Ahmed Hobani, Mohammed Alasmi, Abdulrhman M Alshahrani, Ahmad Abanomy, Mohammad Alarifi, Abdulmajeed Alotaibi, Khaled Alenazi, Mansour Almanaa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine Keywords: overuse; computed tomography; whole-body CT; polytrauma; panCT

Online: 30 July 2024 (07:40:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0795.v1

Agent-Based Modeling for Construction Resource Positioning Using Digital Twin and BLE Technologies

Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim, Salah Omar Said, AlJawharah A.AL Naser, Ahmed Sharaf, Adel ElSamadony, Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni, Mohamed Tantawy

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Agent-based modeling (ABM); Resource Positioning; Building Information Modelling (BIM); Digital Twin; Complex Systems; Decision Support System (DSS); Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE); Client Early Warning System (CEWS); Simulation Environment; Real-Time Monitoring

Online: 13 May 2024 (12:30:45 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0526.v1

Data Is Power: Addressing the Power Imbalance Around Community Data with the Open-Access Data4HumanRights Curriculum

Monika Kuffer, Dana R. Thomson, Dianne Wakonyo, Nicera Wanjiru Kimani, Divyani Kohli, Enyo Okoko, Rasak Toheeb, Bisola Akinmuyiwa, Mohammed Zanna, Dezyno Imole, Andrew Maki

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: open-access training; deprivation; human rights; citizen science; LMICs; female leadership

Online: 8 April 2024 (09:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1363.v1

Breast Cancer in the Arabian Gulf Countries

Humaid O. Al-Shamsi, Nadia Abdelwahed, Amin Abyad, Ibrahim Abu-Gheida, Mehdi Afrit, Tasneem Abu ElFuol, Ryad Alasas, Bilal Lababidi, Prasanta Dash, Mudhasir Ahmad, Norbert W Dreier, Urfan ul haq, Thanda Lucy Ann Joshua, Sonia Otsmane, Anwar Al-Nouri, Aydah Al-Awadhi, Syed Hammad Tirmazy, Faisal Alterkait, Shimaa Elsabae, Nyla Khan, Nehad Albastaki, Yoginee Sonawane, Mohammed Jouda, Frea Perdawood, Faryal Iqbal, Hassan Jaafar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Breast Cancer; Malignancy; Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC); Survival; HER2; Triple Negative

Online: 20 September 2023 (13:51:45 CEST)

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Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. In this literature review, we highlighted the incidence and trend of BC in the GCC. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in BC incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data about BC risk factors in GCC was limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50, an advanced stage at presentation, and a higher pathological grade. Additionally, it often exhibits more aggressive features such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity or the presence of triple-negative (TN) attributes, particularly among younger patients. Despite the growing body of literature on breast cancer in the GCC, data pertaining to survival rates are, regrettably, meager. Reports on breast cancer survival rates emanating from the GCC region are largely confined to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, predictive modeling reveals 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 97% and 89%, respectively, for the same period under scrutiny. These rates, when compared to Western counterparts such as Australia (89.5%) and Canada (88.2%), fall within the expected range. Conversely, Saudi Arabia reports a notably lower 5-year survival rate, standing at 72%. This disparity in survival rates underscores the need for further research directed towards elucidating risk factors and barriers that hinder early detection and screening. Additionally, there is a pressing need for expanded data reporting on survival outcomes within the GCC. In sum, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of breast cancer dynamics in this region is imperative to inform effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and improved patient outcomes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2235.v1

Production Technologies towards Safe or No Aflatoxin Risk in Groundnut: The Case of Northern Ghana

Issah Sugri, Mutari Abubakari, Joseph Adjebeng-Danquah, Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda, Jerry Asalma Nboyine, Richard Oteng-Frimpong, Rashidatu Abdulai, Ahmed Seidu, Yahaya Asieku, Issah Alidu Abukari, Peter Quandahor, Yahaya Iddrisu, Julius Yirzagla, Edward Martey, Mustapha Mohammed Suraj, Francis Kusi, Quirico Migheli, Rachele Stentella, Bekele Kotu, Abdul Rahman Nurudeen, Fred Kizito, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Management practices; Aflasafe®; treatment; Rhizobia inoculant; Risk analysis; food safety

Online: 30 July 2024 (11:46:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1447.v1

Genotypic Selection Using QTL for Better Productivity under High Temperature Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Elsayed Elazazi, Laura Ziems, Tariq Mahmood, Naeema Eltanger, Maryam Al-Qahtani, Nafeesath Shahsil, Aisha Al-Kuwari, Mohammed M. Metwally, Richard Trethowan, Chongmei Dong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: high temperature stress; QTL; SNP marker; genotypic selection; tomato

Online: 21 June 2024 (05:27:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1069.v1

Adobe Bricks of Champagne Region (France): Characterization of a Chalky Raw Earth Construction Material

Guillaume Polidori, Adrien Aras-Gaudry, Fabien Beaumont, Fabien Bogard, Sébastien Murer, Mohammed Lachi, Chadi Maalouf, Tala Moussa, Christophe Bliard, Gilles Fronteau, Erwan Hamard

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Adobe bricks, Building materials, Earth construction, Compressive strength, Hygrothermal performance.

Online: 16 April 2024 (13:57:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0288.v1

Use of Human Lung Tissue Models for Screening of Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Alexander J McAuley, Petrus Jansen van Vuren, Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman Mohammed, Faheem Faheem, Sarah Goldie, Shane Riddell, Nathan J Gödde, Ian K Styles, Matthew P Bruce, Simran Chahal, Stephanie Keating, Kim R Blasdell, Mary Tachedjian, Carmel M O'Brien, Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian Singanallur, John Noel Viana, Aditya V Vashi, Carl M Kirkpatrick, Christopher A MacRaild, Rohan M Shah, Elizabeth Vincan, Eugene Athan, Darren J Creek, Natalie L Trevaskis, Sankaranarayanan Murugesan, Anupama Kumar, Seshadri S Vasan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; Therapeutics; Drug Repurposing; 3D Tissue Models

Online: 20 September 2022 (03:24:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0232.v1

Preventing The Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious Against Monkeypox, or There is a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?

Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Abdullah Reda, Basant Ismail Lashin, Basant E. Katamesh, Aml M. Brakat, Balqees Mahmoud AL-Manaseer, Sayanika Kaur, Ankush Asija, Nimesh K. Patel, Soney Basnyat, Ali A. Rabaan, Saad Alhumaid, Hawra Albayat, Mohammed Aljeldah, Basim R. Al shammari, Amal H. Al-Najjar, Ahmed K. Al-Jassem, Sultan T. AlShurbaji, Fatimah S. Alshahrani, Ahlam Alynbiawi, Zainab H. Alfaraj, Duaa H. Alfaraj, Ahmed H Aldawood, Yub Raj Sedhai, Victoria Mumbo, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Ranjit Sah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Monkeypox; Vaccine; Outbreak

Online: 15 July 2022 (12:12:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0533.v1

Exploring the Dual Benefits of Fermented and Non-fermented Garlic on Growth, Antioxidative Capacity, Immune Responses, and Histology in Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Mohammed F. El Basuini, Mahasen M. E. A. Shaban, Abdelaziz M. El-Hais, Ali A. Soliman, Nermeen M. Abu-Elala, Islam I. Teiba, Mayada Alhoshy, Ghada R. Sallam, Ronick S. Shadrack, Kumbukani Mzengereza, Akram Ismael Shehata

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Allium sativum; Antioxidant status; Digestive enzymes; Feed additives; Fermented garlic; Growth performance; Liza ramada

Online: 6 September 2024 (11:11:47 CEST)

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This study investigated the effects of dietary garlic powder and fermented garlic powder supplementation at 1% and 2% levels on growth performance, digestive tract efficacy, blood biochemistry, immunity, and antioxidant status of Liza ramada (n=225 fish; 86.00±0.42 g) over a 60-day period. Fish fed diets supplemented with both forms of garlic at both levels exhibited significantly improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Digestive enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and protease) were significantly enhanced in all supplemented groups. Blood biochemical analysis revealed reduced glucose levels and increased total protein in garlic-supplemented groups, with no adverse effects on liver or kidney function markers. Immune parameters, including lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, alternative complement pathway (ACP), and, respiratory burst (NBT) were significantly enhanced in garlic-supplemented groups, with fermented garlic showing more pronounced effects. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GPx) were also significantly increased in all supplemented groups, particularly in those fed fermented garlic. No significant differences in survival rates were observed among treatments. The results suggest that both garlic powder and fermented garlic powder supplementation, especially at the 2% level, can effectively improve growth, feed utilization, immune function, and antioxidant status in L. ramada. Fermented garlic generally demonstrated superior effects, indicating its potential as a beneficial feed additive in aquaculture. Based on these findings, it is recommended to incorporate fermented garlic powder at a 2% level in L. ramada diets to optimize growth performance and health status. Further research is warranted to investigate the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of this supplementation strategy in commercial aquaculture settings.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0539.v1

Preliminary Study on the Restoration of the Phospholipid Profile in Serum from Patients with COVID-19 by Treatment with Vitamin E

María Elena Soto, Linaloe Manzano-Pech, Verónica Guarner-Lans, Adrían Palacios-Chavarría, Rafael Ricardo Valdez-Vázquez, Raúl Martínez-Memije, Mohammed El-Hafidi, Félix Leao Rodríguez-Fierros, Israel Pérez-Torres

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Vitamin E; Fatty acids; Phospholipids; Prostaglandins

Online: 10 June 2024 (09:28:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0391.v1

Biopsychosocial impediments in MS: Gender Differences and Impact of Quality of Life on Neuropsychological Function: Multicenter study

Maisaa Ghanim Al Dhahri, Mai Helmy, Neeraja Rajeev, Aseel Al Toubi, Hiba Al-Abdali, Abdullah Al-Asmi, Iman Redha Al-Lawati, Issa Al-Adawi, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan, Samir Al-Adawi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, neuropsychological performance, gender differences, quality of life, and cognitive functioning

Online: 5 September 2024 (09:28:07 CEST)

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Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by various clinical presentations and manifestations that include biopsychosocial impediments. This study has three interrelated goals relevant to biopsychosocial functioning. The first is to compare cognitive, neuropsychological, and affective functioning and quality of life between patients with MS (PwMS) and a control group. The second is to examine whether cognitive and neuropsychological performance is affected by gender, and the third is to examine whether variation in QoL hinges on cognitive neuropsychological performance. Methods: This multicenter study was carried out among clinically stable PwMS under follow-up in two tertiary care units in urban Oman. Healthy controls, matched for age and sex, were also recruited as a comparison group. Data were collected using cognitive batteries sensitive to current reasoning ability and conventional neuropsychological batteries designed to measure verbal learning, visual-spatial ability, and processing speed. The affective range (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and quality of life (QoL) were also assessed. Results: The PwMS group scored lower on current reasoning ability, verbal learning, visual-spatial ability, and processing speed compared with the control group. The incidence of anxiety was higher in the PwMS group but there was no statistically significant difference in depressive symptoms. No significant differences were found in cognitive variables between the two sexes, except in visual-spatial ability, where women outperformed men. PwMS with low QoL scored lower on the attention and concentration indices than those with adequate QoL. According to QoL, no significant differences were observed in reasoning, verbal learning, and visual-spatial ability. Conclusions: The present sentinel study suggests that the Omani cohort with MS tends to have lower indices of current reasoning ability, visual and spatial memory and cognitive speed compared to control subjects. Gender differences are minimal, except for visual-spatial abilities where women outperform men. Quality of life significantly affects cognitive functioning. In general, the biopsychosocial impediment appears to be significant, indicating the need for comprehensive evaluation and care in the management of MS.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0842.v1

Solvent Polarity Effects on Phenolic Fingerprint and Biological Activities, Using Three Different Extractions Formulation for Examining of Mentha aquatica Leaf Extracts: An In Vitro and In‐Silico Investigation

Meryem TOURABI, AMIRA Metouekel, Mohammed Jeddi, Mohamed Chebaibi, Nesrine Benkhaira, Kawtar Fikri Benbrahim, Badiaa Lyoussi, Elhoussine Derwich

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Mentha aquatica; HPLC‐DAD analysis; in‐silico approach; solvent polarity; antioxidant activity; antibacterial activity

Online: 10 July 2024 (11:47:35 CEST)

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The main purpose of our research is the evaluation of the efficacity of solvent polarity on phenolic composition, as well as the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of extract of Moroccan Mentha aquatica L., leaves. To attempt these objectives, the HPLC-DAD was used to identify the biomolecules. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride processes as well as the DPPH, RP, and TAC tests were used to evaluate the antioxidant capabilities. In addition, by employing both in vitro and in silico analysis through the microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were assessed against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that all extracts of M. aquatica were abundant in noteworthy phytochemical compounds, especially gallic acid, vanillic acid, chlorobenzoic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. Furthermore, the results indicated that the total phenolic content was higher in hydroethanolic extract (62.19 ± 1.19 mg GAE/g DW) in contrast to the acetonic and aqueous extracts (22.22 ± 0.64, and 22.44± 0.57 mg GAE/g DW) respectively. Similarly, the aqueous ethanol extract contained the greatest flavonoid concentration, with values of 29.15± 0.09 mg QE/g DW when compared with the other extracts. The seam extract poses excellent antioxidant power with an IC50 of 0.06 ± 0.00 mg/mL for the DPPH test, and lower RP with EC50 of 80± 0.00 µg/ml when compared with acetonic and aqueous extract (370± 0.00 and 460± 0.01 µg/mL) respectively. Moreover, the hydroethanolic extract has a high level of TAC 75.09± 2.00 mg EAA/g DW, followed by aqueous extract carrying a value of 28.53 ± 1.36 mg EAA/g DW. The antibacterial capacity is ranged between 0.78 ± 0.05 mg/mL and 12.60 ± 0.00 mg/L. The results of the in-silico study demonstrated that quercetin, vanillic acid, and naringenin components contribute to the antioxidant capability. While gallic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin components are attributed to the antibacterial capacity.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0325.v1

COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health of the General Population in Saudi Arabia: The Acceptance of Community Pharmacists Role in Providing Mental Health Support

Dhafer Alshayban, Rawad Althani, Safa Alhawashim, Royes Joseph, Veerendra Chandralla, Md. Ashraful Islam, Habeeb Ibrahim, Bashayer Alshehail, Fawaz M. Alotaibi, Sawsan M. Kurdi, Ibrahim M. Asiri, Mohammed M. Alsultan, Yousef Saeed Alqarni

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: pharmacist; COVID-19; mental health; psychological issues; Saudi Arabia

Online: 5 June 2024 (14:23:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0156.v1

A Novel N-heterocyclic Carbene Compound Exhibits Anticancer Properties by Inducing Apoptosis, Inhibiting Cell Migration, and Improving Standard Therapeutic Efficacy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Sarah Al-Nasser, Maha-Hamadien Abdulla, Noura Alhassan, Mansoor-Ali Vaali-Mohammed, Suliman Al-Omar, Naceur Hamdi, Yasser A. Elnakady, Sabine Matou-Nasri, Lamjed Mansour

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: anticancer; apoptosis; colorectal cancer; 1-(Isobutyl)-3-(4-methylbenzimidazolium chloride; metastasis; migration; combination treatment

Online: 3 May 2024 (07:26:49 CEST)

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health issue. Although chemotherapy is the first-line treatment, its effectiveness is limited due to drug resistance developed in CRC. To overcome resistance and improve the prognosis of CRC patients, investigation for new therapeutic approaches is necessary. Using human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) and metastatic CRC (SW620) cell lines, the potential anticancer properties of a newly synthesized compound 1-(Isobutyl)-3-(4-methylbenzyl) benzimidazolium chloride (IMBZC) were evaluated by performing MTT cytotoxicity, cell migration, and colony formation assays, as well as by monitoring apoptosis-related protein and gene expression using Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction technologies. Tested at various concentrations, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of IMBZC on HT29 and SW620 cell growth were determined to be 6.97 μg/mL and 4.89 μg/mL, respectively. IMBZC did not alter cell growth of normal cells HEK293. In addition, IMBZC inhibited cell migration and significantly decreased colony formation, suggesting its promising role in suppressing cancer metastasis. Mechanistic analyzes revealed that IMBZC treatment increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and Bax, while decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, thus indicating the induction of apoptosis in IMBZC-treated CRC cells, compared to untreated cells. Additionally, the addition of IMBZC to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs (i.e., 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) resulted in an increase in the cytotoxic potential of the drugs. In conclusion, the study suggests that IMBZC has substantial anticancer effects against CRC cells through its ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell migration and colony formation, and enhance the cytotoxic effects of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. These findings indicate that IMBZC could be a promising chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of CRC. Further research should be conducted using in vivo models to confirm the anti-CRC activities of IMBZC.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0943.v1

Machine Learning Models Predicting Incidence, Severity, and Early Outcomes of Hemorrhagic Stroke from Weather Parameters and Individual Risk Factors

Yauhen Statsenko, Ekaterina Fursa, Vasyl Laver, Tatsiana Talako, Gillian Lylian Simiyu, Fatmah Al Zahmi, Darya Smetanina, Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom, Miklos Szolics, Jamal Al. Koteesh, Taleb M. Almansoori, Milos Ljubisavljevic

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Machine learning classification model; Distributed lag nonlinear model; Hemorrhagic stroke; Weather; Ethnicity; Sex; Middle East; Harsh climate

Online: 15 March 2024 (16:00:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0162.v1

Evaluation of the Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs): Cellular, Molecular and Systems Biological Approaches

Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Mansour A Alghamdi, Magdy Shamy, Mamdouh I Khoder, Max Costa, Mourad Assidi, Roaa Kadam, Haneen Alsehli, Mamdooh Gari, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Particulate matter; BM-MSCs; cell proliferation; cell death; qRT-PCR; IPA

Online: 20 March 2017 (16:33:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1681.v1

Unraveling Verapamil's Multidimensional Role in Diabetes Therapy: From β-Cell Regeneration to Cholecystokinin Induction

Hossein Arefanian, Ashraf Al Madhoun, Fatema Al-Rashed, Fawaz Alzaid, Fatemah Bahman, Rasheeba Nizam, Mohammed Alhusayan, Sumi Elsa John, Sindhu Jacob, Michayla R Williams, Nermeen Abu Khalaf, Steve Shenouda, Shibu Joseph, Halemah AlSaeed, Shihab Kochumon, Anwar Mohammad, Lubaina Koti, Sardar Sindhu, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Jehad Abubaker, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Rasheed Ahmad, Fahd Al-Mulla

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: β -cells; Verapamil; Calcium channel blocker; Zebrafish; MIN6 cells; Diabetes Mellitus

Online: 27 March 2024 (12:24:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0077.v1

Quantitative Peripheral Live Single T-Cell Dynamic Polyfunctionality as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer Immunotherapy

Zuan-Fu Lim, Xiaoliang Wu, Lin Zhu, Heidar Albandar, Maria Hafez, Chenchen Zhao, Mohammed Almubarak, Matthew B Smolkin, Hong Zheng, Sijin Wen, Patrick C Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cancer immunotherapy; single cell analysis; predictive biomarkers; immune cytokine profiling; polyfunctionality; polyfunctional strength index; lung cancer

Online: 4 March 2024 (10:48:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2019.v1

Agronomic and Functional Quality Traits in Various Underutilized Hot Pepper Landraces

Marwa Chouikhi, Imen Tlili, Imen Henane, Sándor Takács, Hussein Daood, Zoltàn Pék, Lajos Helyes, Anna Montefusco, Monica De Caroli, Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano, Muhammad Azam, Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, Riadh Ilahy, Thouraya R’him, Marcello Salvatore Lenucci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: agronomic characteristics; Capsicum annuum L., climate change; functional quality; pungent pep-per landraces

Online: 30 May 2024 (08:35:24 CEST)

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Landraces are considered a crucial component of biodiversity conservation, serving as a reservoir of genetic diversity. Consequently, the collection, cultivation and detailed characterization of such landraces constitute an inherent aspect of the world’s natural resource heritage. This effort holds promise for the development of elite varieties capable of thriving amidst continuous global climate fluctuations. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the main agronomic attributes, physico-chemical properties, and functional quality traits of the major hot pepper landraces adapted to diverse climatic conditions in Tunisia. These landraces include ‘Dhirat’, ‘Semmane’, ‘Beldi’, ‘Nabeul’, ‘Jerid’, ‘Mahdia’, ‘Cayenne’, ‘Kairouan’ and ‘Baklouti’. Most of the pepper landraces exhibited satisfactory yields, ranging from 1163.25 to 1841.67 g plant-1 in ‘Jerid’ and ‘Kairouan’, respectively, indicating robust productivity, especially under prevailing climatic changes and high temperatures. Landraces such as ‘Baklouti’, ‘Beldi’, ‘Nabeul’, ‘Semmane’, ‘Kairouan’ and ‘Mahdia’ appear suitable for both fresh consumption and processing, owing to their favorable average fruit weight and soluble solids content. Functional quality and the levels of antioxidants, as well as radical scavenging activity, emerged as key discriminating factors among pepper landraces. Irrespective of genotype, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin constituted the major capsaicinoids, accounting for at least 87% of the total. Total capsaicinoids ranged from 1.81 µg g−1 to 193.71 µg g−1, with ‘Baklouti’ and ‘Jerid’ identified as the most pungent landraces. Total carotenoids ranged from 45.94 µg g−1 to 174.52 µg g−1 with ‘Semmane and ‘Jerid’ exhibiting the highest levels. Considerable variation was observed in β-carotene content, spanning from 3% to 24% of the total carotenoids. α-Tocopherol content ranged from 19.03 µg g-1 fw in ‘Kair-ouan’ to 30.93 µg g-1 fw in ‘Beldi’, exerting a notable influence on the overall tocopherol content. Conversely, the other isomers were detected at very low concentrations. The total vitamin C content ranged from 132 mg 100g-1 fw in ‘Mahdia’ to 200 mg 100 g-1 fw in ‘Nabeul’, indicating relatively low genetic variability. However, large variability was detected in total phenolics content, ranging from 168.58 mg GAE kg-1 fw in ‘Beldi ‘to 302.98 mg GAE kg-1 fw in ‘Cayenne’. Among the pepper landraces tested, ‘Cayenne’ achieved the highest value of radical scavenging activity in both hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions (RSAHF and RSALF), with variations rang-ing from 59% to 120% for RSAHF and from 4% to 64% for RSALF. This study aims to: 1) preserve and enhance the value of local genetic resources, 2) identify desiderable traits for incorporation into breeding programs, and 3) develop high-quality, high-yielding cultivars capable of with-standing climate variations.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1618.v1

Aflatoxin's Toll on Health: Insights into Human and Animal Impact

Jai P. Rai, Jeetu Narware, Ritesh Kumar, Randeep Kumar, Puja Pandey, Nishant Prakash, Somnath K. Holkar, Nadeem Akhtar, Sawant Shraddha Bhaskar, Santosh Kumar, Rekha Balodi, Vinod Upadhyay, Anirudh Chattopadhyay, Kaushik Banerjee, Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, Akoijam Ratankumar Singh, S. Aravindan, Nisha Kumari, Udai B Singh, Abhijeet Ghatak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: aflatoxin; human health; animal health; aflatoxicoses; fungi; Feed contamination; aflatoxin toxicity; aflatoxin detection; aflatoxin management

Online: 24 May 2024 (10:09:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1388.v1

Exploring the Landscape of Routine Immunization in Nigeria: A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators

Yahaya Mohammed, Heidi W. Reynolds, Hyelshilni Waziri, Adam Attahiru, Fiyidi Mikailu, Adefisoye Oluwaseun Adewole, Margaret Wisdom, Belinda Uba, Moreen Kamateeka, Ndadilnasiya Endie Waziri, Musa Melton, Nuruddeen Aliyu, Ismail Habila, Mustapha Tukur, Ahmed Olowo-okere, Bernsarh Damian Lawong, Talatu Buba Bello, Lawal Sani Muhammad, Olasoji Fasogbon, Oyeyemi Pitan, Aminu Magashi Garba, Muhammad Usman, Imam Wada Bello, Gustavo C. Corrêa, Suleiman Etamesor, Abdulaziz Ismail, Rufai Garba, Yusuf Yusufari, Nassor Mohamed, Teemar Fisseha, Nancy Vollmer, Patrick Nguku

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Immunization; Barriers; Facilitators; Scoping Review; Nigeria

Online: 21 May 2024 (11:52:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1855.v1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli with Analysis of Impact of Socio-Economic Factors in Low, Medium and High-Income Countries

Meher Rizvi, Maria Khan, Amina AL Jardani, Ujjala Ghoshal, Zaaima AL Jabri, Mohammad Ahanjan, Azza AL Mamari, Nawal AL Shizawi, Hiba Sami, Abdullah Balkhair, Adila Shaukat, Alwarith Nasser Salem Alkharusi, Abdulrahman Almahrouqi, Afreenish Hassan, Ajay Kumar, Amal Malehi, Amina Gul, Ashima Singh, Asma Said Hamed AL Shidhani, Areena Hoda Siddiqui, Aruna Poojary, Azza AL Rashdi, Bradley Langford, Dmytro Stepanskyi, Abbas Dolatabadi, Aisha Al Mufraji AL Mufraji, Elham Said Ahmed AL Risi, Garima Kapoor, Isabella Princess, Hatim Ali Eltahir, Hilal Al Sidairi, Kaitlyn Dougherty, Katia Iskandar, Ken Masters, Ibrahim Khalaf Hamdan AL Busaidi, Laila AL Yazidi, Mahfuza Nasrin, Mahmood Salim AL Subhi, Mallika Sengupta Mallika Sengupta, Manisha Khandait, Nada Khalfan AL Tamtami, Nada Khafan Alsiyabi, Nawal AL Kindi, Nazla Musthafa Luthfee, Neha Shreshtha, Nihal Mohamed Amur AL Riyami, Noora Hilal Ali AL Busaidi, Nupur Goel, Oksana Ishchenko, Omnia Mohamed Elnabawy Ahmed Taher, Pragnya Paramita Jena, Rajni Ekadashi, Razan Zadjali, Reba Kanungo, Sara Abolghasemi, Salima Al-maqbali, Sanjay Jaju, Sayantan Banerjee, Shadma Yaqoob, Shahnaz Sali, Shafqat Husnain Khan, Shalini Malhotra, Stephen Hughes, Sundas Shaukat, Syed Mohammed Atif, Vrushali Vishwas Patwardhan, Victorien Dougnon, Wahid Khan, Walid Wali, Zakariya AL Muharrmi, Zeeshana Basit, Jasashree Choudhury, Rachita Pravalina, Sanjeev Singh, Sarman Singh, Neelam Taneja, Raman Sardana, Pawan Kapoor, Rajeev Soman, Rashid Al Abri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: community acquired UTI; Escherichia coli; antimicrobial susceptibility; Indian subcontinent; MENA; GDP; temperature

Online: 24 September 2024 (12:32:05 CEST)

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