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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0807.v1

Willow (Salix acmophylla) Leaf and Branch Extracts Inhibit In Vitro Sporulation of Coccidia (Eimeria spp.) from Goats

Manal Haj-Zaroubi, Nariman Mattar, Sami Awabdeh, Rawad Sweidan, Alex Markovics, Joshua D. Klein, Hassan Azaizeh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Ethanol extracts; Plant secondary metabolites; Coccidia sporulation; Eimeria sp.; willow genotypes

Online: 14 March 2024 (11:12:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0330.v1

A Comparative Investigation on the Characteristics of Nocturnal Ozone Enhancement Events and Their Effects on Ground-level Ozone and PM2.5 in the Central City of the Yellow River Delta, China, in 2022 and 2023

Cong An, Yongxin Yan, Xiaoshuai Gao, Xiaoyu Yan, Yuanyuan Ji, Fanyi Shang, Jidong Li, Luyao Tan, Rui Gao, Fang Bi, Hong Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: nocturnal ozone(O3); PM2.5; effect; secondary pollution; the Yellow River Delta

Online: 6 February 2024 (07:14:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0133.v1

Onco-Hypertension: A New Field between Cancer and Hypertension

Stefan Totolici, Ana-Maria Vrabie, Elisabeta Badila, Emma Weiss

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: secondary hypertension; cardio-oncology; onco-hypertension; antineoplastic therapy; chemotherapy; antihypertensive medication

Online: 2 February 2024 (08:33:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2252.v1

Combating Antibiotic Resistance in a One Health Context: A Plethora of Frontiers

Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose, Peter Kotsoana Montso, Collins Njie Ateba, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Alternative therapy; antimicrobial resistance; natural product/compound; One-Health; secondary metabolite

Online: 29 December 2023 (11:31:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0665.v1

Economic Model of Ancillary Services in Real Time for Frequency Control

Kristian Balzer, Joaquin Lazo, David Watts

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: ancillary services; secondary frequency control; tertiary frequency control; real time operation

Online: 8 August 2023 (13:34:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1214.v1

Readers Theater in Virtual Reality

Linda Peschke, Anna Kiani, Ute Massler, Wolfgang Müller

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: virtual reality; reading fluency training; language learning; acceptance; students; secondary school

Online: 18 July 2023 (13:59:59 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0334.v1

Controlled Lavender Field Fragrance: The Biotechnological “Provence” of the Future Provided by Antisense Oligoilators and Olinscides

Volodymyr Oberemok, Yelizaveta Puzanova, Ilya Novikov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: essential oil plants; antisense oligoilators; secondary metabolites; oligonucleotide insecticides; green agriculture

Online: 19 December 2022 (09:48:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0132.v1

The Effect of Entrapment Within SOL-Gel Magnetite on Carbonic Anhydrase

Vladimir Ivanovski, Olga Shapovalova, Andrey S. Drozdov

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: magnetite; sol-gel; carbonic anhydrase; protein secondary structure; entrapment; infrared spectroscopy

Online: 10 May 2022 (10:00:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0467.v1

Genome-guided Discovery of the First Myxobacterial Biarylitide Myxarylin Reveals Distinct C–N Biaryl Crosslinking in RiPP Biosynthesis

Joachim J. Hug, Nicolas A. Frank, Christine Walt, Petra Šenica, Fabian Panter, Rolf Müller

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: myxobacteria; secondary metabolites; biarylitide; natural product discovery; RiPPs; genome mining; myxarylin

Online: 25 November 2021 (10:42:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0484.v1

Dynamics of Cyanobacterial Global Metabolom in Response to Light and Temperature Variations

Damien Le Moigne, Justine Demay, Anita Reinhardt, Cécile Bernard, Sandra Kim Tiam, Benjamin Marie

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cyanobacteria; metabolomics; high-resolution mass spectrometry; secondary metabolite induction; culture conditions

Online: 25 August 2021 (10:48:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0427.v1

Improvement of the secondary aluminium metallurgical quality by means of an adequate melt treatment.

Asier Baquedano, Andrea Niklas, Ana Isabel Fernández-Calvo, Gorka Plata, Jokin Lozares, Carlos Berlanga-Labari

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy Keywords: melt cleanliness, secondary alloy; primary alloy; density index; inclusions; AlSi10MnMg alloy

Online: 16 June 2021 (08:58:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0028.v1

Investigation on Solid State Phase Transformations in a 2510 Duplex Stainless Steel Grade

Irene Calliari, Marco Breda, Claudio Gennari, Luca Pezzato, Massimo Pellizzari, Andrea Zambon

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy Keywords: duplex stainless steels; isothermal heat treatment; secondary phases precipitation; TTP curves

Online: 3 July 2020 (09:00:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0358.v1

In-Silico Analysis of Natural Products That Modulates Enzymes of Diabetic Target

Babita Aryal, Saroj Basnet, Bishnu P. Marasini, Karan Khadayat, Darbin Kumar Poudel, Ganesh Lamichhane, Prakriti Budhathoki, Purushottam Niraula, Sonika Dawadi, Rishab Marahatha, Sitaram Phuyal, Niranjan Parajuli

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Enzyme inhibition; Secondary Metabolites; In-silico Analysis; Molecular docking; Drug candidates

Online: 30 June 2020 (08:11:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0106.v1

Parental Influence on Students’ Academic Performance - A Case Study of Debre Berhan General Secondary School students, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

Wegayehu Enbeyle, Gebremedhin Desta, Digvijay Pandey

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Academic performance; Involvement of Parents; Debre Berhan General Secondary School; Ethiopia

Online: 7 June 2020 (16:16:44 CEST)

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Education plays an essential role in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. School is the place where children’ attitudes, interests, and habits are developed. More involved and supportive a parent is towards their adolescent the higher self-esteem they will gain allowing the adolescent to feel confident and focused during school. Parents therefore enroll their children in schools that can give them expected quality of lives. The main core objective for this study was to determine the parental influence on students’ academic performance - A case study of Debre Berhan General Secondary School. A total of 118 students were included in the present study using simple random sampling technique from the total students (2367). Cross-sectional design was appropriate for this study. Primary source of data was employed collected from students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. For statistical analysis SPSS 20 was used at 5% level of signiﬁcance. Descriptive statistics results indicate that the average mark of students was with minimum and maximum value of 47 and 94 respectively. Multiple regression models showed that Income level, Rate of money given to satisfy basic and educational materials, Parent’s occupation, Family size, Parent’s educational level, and Parent’s way of giving motivation were found to be a significant effect on academic performance of students at 5% level of significance at study area. However, sex of students, age of students and grade level of students were not found to be significant effect to academic performance at study area. Overall model is statistically significance for the data. All the assumption of regression analysis was satisfied. Normality, Constant variance, absence of multicolinearity, linearity and absence of autocorrelation were satisfied due to formal tests and diagnostic plots. Study recommended the need for programs related to improvement of mother and father education for caring child in appropriate success of their education and also parents should allocate time to visit schools and establish good relationship and discussion about their children’s academic progress in according to way of motivation to learn actively in school.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0234.v1

TERribly Difficult: Searching for Telomerase RNAs in Saccharomycetes

Maria Waldl, Bernhard C. Thiel, Roman Ochsenreiter, Alexander Holzenleiter, João Victor de Araujo Oliveira, Maria Emila M. T. Walter, Michael T. Wolfinger, Peter F. Stadler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: non-coding RNA; telomerase RNA; secondary structure; synteny; homology search; yeast

Online: 16 May 2018 (11:58:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0222.v1

Microstructure and Properties of 2219 Aluminum Alloy under Compound Technologies of Friction-Stir-Welding, Heat-Treatment and Electromagnetic Forming

Zeyu Wang, Liang Huang, Jianjun Li, Xiaoxia Li, Hui Zhu, Fei Ma, Huijuan Ma, Junjia Cui

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy Keywords: aluminum alloy; electromagnetic forming; friction stir welding; heat treatment; secondary phase

Online: 27 March 2018 (11:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0020.v1

A Basin-Scale Estimation of Carbon Stocks of a Forest Ecosystem Characterized by Spatial Distribution and Contributive Features in the Liuxihe River Basin of Pearl River Delta

Chao Zhang, Beicheng Xia, Junyu Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: natural secondary forest; planted forest; vegetation biomass carbon; soil organic carbon

Online: 3 December 2016 (09:25:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2028.v1

Effects of Hydrogen Dissociation during Gas Flooding on Formation of Metal Hydride Cluster Secondary Ions in SIMS

Jernej Ekar, Sabina Markelj, Miran Mozetič, Rok Zaplotnik, Janez Kovač

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: hydrogen atmosphere; molecule dissociation; gas flooding; cluster ions; secondary ion mass spectrometry

Online: 27 September 2024 (10:01:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1237.v1

Chronosequence and Temporal Changes in Soil Traits, Vegetation Structure and Leaf Traits in a Tropical Dry Forest in Brazil

Kleiperry Freitas Ferreira, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Pablo Cuevas- Reyes, Luiz Alberto Dolabela Falcão, Mário Marcos do Espírito Santo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Conservative-acquisitive continuum; Deciduous forest; Environmental filters; Functional strategies; Sclerophylly; Secondary succession

Online: 16 August 2024 (14:31:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0385.v2

Statistical Considerations for the Design and Analysis of Pragmatic Trials in Aging Research

Ashuin Kammar-García, Liliana Aline Fernández-Urrutia, Jorge Alberto Guevara-Díaz, Javier Mancilla-Galindo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: pragmatic clinical trials; aged; statistical analysis; geroscience; sample size; secondary data analysis

Online: 4 June 2024 (11:07:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1952.v1

East Meets the West: Influence of Chinese and the Western Values in Hong Kong New Senior Secondary Curriculum

Emily Sein Yue Elim Hui

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: values education; post-colonialism; new secondary school curriculum; educational reform; Hong Kong

Online: 30 April 2024 (15:13:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1988.v1

Post-Removal of Phosphorus from Biologically Treated Wastewater and Recovering It as Fertilizer. A Pilot-Scale Attempt—The Project PhoReSe

Kyriaki Kalaitzidou, Mannassis Mitrakas, Anastasios Zouboulis

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: phosphorus recovery; sustainability; fertilizer; secondary (treated) effluent; adsorption; chemical precipitation; wastewater management

Online: 30 April 2024 (10:04:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1654.v1

Plant Transcriptomic Responses in a Diverse Organ and Stress Conditions

Michał Rurek, Mikołaj Smolibowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: differentially expressed genes; medicinal species; plant organs; secondary metabolites; plant transcriptome; stress

Online: 27 March 2024 (08:17:18 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1529.v1

Ultrasound-Histopathological Presentation of Adolescent Patients with DICER1 Syndrome-Case Reports and Literature Overview

Dominika Januś, Monika Kujdowicz, Konrad Kaleta, Kamil Możdżeń, Jan Radliński, Anna Taczanowska-Niemczuk, Aleksandra Kiszka-Wiłkojć, Marcin Maślanka, Wojciech J. Górecki, Jerzy Starzyk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: multinodular goiter; secondary amenorrhoea; , Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor; DICER1 syndrome; euthyroid goiter

Online: 27 February 2024 (12:24:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1318.v1

Research on Three‐Closed‐Loop ADRC Position Compensation Strategy Based on Winch‐Type Heave Compensation System with a Secondary Component

Shizhen Li, Qinfeng Wu, Yufeng Liu, Longfei Qiao, Zimeng Guo, Fei Yan

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: secondary component; heave compensation system; active disturbance rejection control; position control strategy

Online: 17 January 2024 (12:13:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1726.v1

Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb-Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles

Dragan Radulović, Anja Terzić, Jovica Stojanović, Vladimir Jovanović, Dejan Čedomir Todorović, Branislav Božidar Ivošević

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: critical raw materials; alternative deposits; secondary resources; building materials; instrumental analyses; microscopy.

Online: 22 December 2023 (12:27:37 CET)

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Smelting used to be less efficient in the past; therefore, wastes obtained from historical processing at smelter plants usually contain certain quantities of valuable metals. Upon the extraction of useful metal elements, metallurgical slag can be repurposed as an alternative mineral raw material in the building sector. A case study was conducted, which included an investigation of the physico-chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of Pb-Zn slag found at the historic landfill near the Topilnica Veles smelter in North Macedonia. The slag was sampled using drill holes. The mineralogical and microstructural analysis revealed that the Pb-Zn slag is a very complex and inhomogeneous alternative raw material with utilizable levels of metals, specifically Pb (2.3 wt%), Zn (7.1 wt%), and Ag (27.5 ppm). Crystalline mineral phases wurtzite, sphalerite, galena, cerussite, akermanite, wüstite, monticellite, franklinite, and zincite were identified in the analyzed samples. The slag’s matrix consisted of alumino-silicates, amorphous silicates, and mixtures of spinel and silicates. Because the extraction of Pb, Zn, and Ag has economic potential, the first reutilization stage will be to convert metal concentrates into their collective concentrate, from which the maximum amount of these valuable elements may be taken out. This will include combination of gravity concentration and separation techniques. The next step is to assess the Pb-Zn slag’s potential applications in civil engineering based on its mineralogical and physico-mechanical properties. Alumino-silicates, amorphous silicates, and mixtures of spinel and silicates present in Pb-Zn slag, which contain high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3, are suitable for use in cementitious building composites. The goal of this research is to suggest a solution for closing the circle of slag's reutilization in terms of Zero Waste principles, so it is critical to thoroughly investigate the material and establish methods and preparation processes, as well as ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1730.v1

Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb-Zn Slag in Regard to Net Zero Principles

Dragan Radulović, Anja Terzić, Jovica Stojanović, Vladimir Jovanović, Dejan Čedomir Todorović, Branislav Božidar Ivošević

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: critical raw materials; alternative deposits; secondary resources; building materials; instrumental analyses; microscopy.

Online: 28 November 2023 (08:03:39 CET)

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Smelting used to be less efficient in the past, so wastes obtained from historical processing at smelter plants usually contain certain quantities of valuable metals. A case study was conducted, which included an investigation of the physicochemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of raw material found at the historic slag pond near the Topilnica Veles smelter in North Macedonia. The Pb-Zn slag was sampled using traditional geophysical methods such as drill holes and pitholes. The mineralogical and microstructural analysis revealed that the Pb-Zn slag is a very complex and inhomogeneous alternative raw material with utilizable levels of metals, specifically Pb (2.24 wt%), Zn (7.10 wt%), and Ag (27.53 ppm). Amorphous phase, lead alloys, zinc alloys, wurtzite, sphalerite, galena, cerussite, elemental silver, elemental copper, elemental iron, magnetite, spinel, rutile, hematite, and troilite were also identified through qualitative mineralogical analysis. The glassy matrix composed of spinel, silicates, and mixed spinel-silicate is the most abundant constituent in slag composition. The various potential applications of the slag are possible based on its mineralogical and geochemical properties. Because the extraction of Pb, Zn, and Ag has certain economic potential, the next step, which will include gravity concentration and magnetic separation procedures, will be to form metal concentrates into their collective concentrate, from which the maximum amount of silver can be extracted. Slag's amorphous spinel, silicate, and mixed spinel-silicate phases, which contain high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3, are suitable for use in building materials such as cement clinker, filler, or aggregate for concrete or mortar. The goal of this research is to close the circle of slag's reutilization potential in terms of Net Zero and Zero Waste principles, so it is critical to thoroughly investigate the material and establish methods and preparation processes, as well as ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0157.v1

Teaching biodiversity: Towards a sustainable and engaged education

Asma Id babou, Sabah Selmaoui, Anouar ALAMI, Nadia Benjelloun, Moncef Zaki

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Biodiversity; Representations; school program; primary school; secondary school; Education for sustainable development.

Online: 5 September 2023 (02:19:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1009.v1

Credit and Sensitivity risk differential method as a solution to bond illiquidity

Ruchi Arora, Rishi Mehra

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: Corporate Bond market; Bond Liquidity; Secondary bond market; Credit Risk; Modified Duration

Online: 14 July 2023 (11:06:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0330.v1

Coumarin-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Narrative Review

Michele Pitaro, Nicoletta Croce, Valentina Gallo, Alyexandra Arienzo, Giulia Salvatore, Giovanni Antonini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: coumarin; 1,2-benzopyrone; Melilotus officinalis; narrative review; primary lymphoedema; secondary lymphoedema; hepatotoxicity

Online: 22 September 2022 (03:20:25 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0147.v1

Discovery, Biosynthesis and Biological Activity of a Succinylated Myxochelin from the Myxobacterial strain MSr12020

Dorothy A. Okoth, Joachim J. Hug, Ronald Garcia, Rolf Müller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Myxochelin; Myxobacteria; Biosynthesis; Natural Products; Secondary Metabolites; Succinylation; Siderophore; Succinyl-coenzyme A

Online: 12 September 2022 (12:22:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0340.v1

Unlocking the Molecular and Biochemical Machinery of Insect Herbivore Resistance: the Key is a Perception of Herbivore-Associated Elicitors

Saiful Malook, Saiqa Maqbool, Muhammad Hafeez, Samantha Chandranath Karunarathna, Nakarin Suwannarach

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: herbivore-associated elicitors; plant defense; secondary metabolites; signaling metabolites; pattern recognition receptors

Online: 25 May 2022 (03:53:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0120.v1

Comparative investigation into Pre-COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 lockdown Water Demand in selected schools in Osun State, Nigeria

Timothy O. Ogunbode

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Pre-COVID-19; Post-COVID-19; Secondary Schools; Water Demand; Groundwater; Nigeria

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:22:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0203.v1

Lilium Philadelphicum Flower as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial Agents: A Study of Bioactivity, Phytochemical Analysis and Partial Identification of Antimicrobial Metabolites

Shefali Singh, Vineeta Singh, Alaa Alhazami, B.N. Mishra, Shafiul Haque, Dilfuza Egamberdieva, R. Z. Sayyed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Characterization; GC-MS analysis; FTIR analysis; Red lily; Secondary metabolites

Online: 5 March 2021 (21:42:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0087.v1

Methanol Interactions with Nopinone Surfaces during Phase Evolution

Xiangrui Kong, Josip Lovric, Sofia Johansson, Nønne Prisle, Jan Pettersson

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: Environmental molecular beam; molecular dynamics; phase transition; secondary organic aerosol; sorption kinetics

Online: 2 February 2021 (13:08:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0362.v1

Influence of North-Easterly Monsoon on Carbonaceous Particles and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hamidah Suradi, Md Firoz Khan, Nor Asrina Sairi, Haasyimah Ab Rahim, Sumiani Yusoff, Yusuke Fujii, Kai Qin, Md. Aynul Bari, Murnira Othman, Mohd Talib Latif

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Elemental carbon; Secondary organic carbon; Health impact; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Northeasterly monsoon

Online: 18 January 2021 (17:27:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0507.v1

Promoting Physical Activity During School Closures Imposed by the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physical Education Teachers’ Behaviors in Three European Countries

Erica Gobbi, Silvio Maltagliati, Philippe Sarrazin, Selenia di Fronso, Alessandra Colangelo, Boris Cheval, Géraldine Escriva-Boulley, Damien Tessier, Giyasettin Demirhan, Gokce Erturan, Yilmaz Yüksel, Athanasios Papaioannou, Maurizio Bertollo, Attilio Carraro

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: COVID-19; lockdown; online teaching; physical education; physical activity; teachers; secondary school

Online: 19 November 2020 (11:26:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0133.v1

Asparagopsis armata Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates

Carla Silva, Tiago Simões, Rafael Félix, Amadeu Soares, Carlos Barata, Sara Novais, Marco Lemos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Biomarkers; Fatty acid profile; Halogenated compounds; Oxidative stress; Red macroalgae; Secondary metabolites

Online: 6 October 2020 (14:52:20 CEST)

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The red seaweed Asparagopsis armata exhibits a strong invasive behaviour and is included in the list of the “Worst invasive alien species threatening biodiversity in Europe”. This seaweed has been shown to produce a large diversity of halogenated compounds with effective biological effects, deeply affecting rockpool species. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the biochemical responses to sublethal concentrations of Asparagopsis armata exudate on two coastal organisms, the marine snail Gibbula umbilicalis and the rockpool shrimp Palaemon elegans. Antioxidant defences superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), oxidative damage endpoints lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage, the neuronal parameter acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as the fatty acid profile were evaluated. Results revealed different metabolic responses between species, indicating that A. armata exudate affected the organisms through different pathways. Despite previous studies indicating that the exudate effected G. umbilicalis’ survival and behaviour, this does not seem to result from oxidative stress or addressed neurotoxicity. On the other hand, for P. elegans, an inhibition of AChE and the decrease of antioxidant capacity concomitant with the increase of LPO, suggests neurotoxicity and oxidative stress as mechanisms of exudate toxicity for this species. For fatty acids, there were different profile changes between species, also more pronounced for P. elegans with a general increase in PUFA with exudate exposure, which commonly means a defence mechanism protecting from membrane disruption. Nonetheless, the omega-3 PUFAs ARA and DPA were increased in both invertebrates, indicating a common mechanism regulation of inflammation and immunity responses to this stress. This work provides further insight on the mechanisms of invertebrate response and tolerance to an expanding coastal environmental stress as is the marine invader A. armata.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0054.v1

Development of Sustainability Competencies in Secondary School Education. A Scoping Literature Review

Kate Sposab, Marco Rieckmann

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: sustainability competencies; education for sustainable development; secondary school education; literature review; scoping review

Online: 1 October 2024 (12:58:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0129.v1

Aripiprazole, but Not Olanzapine, Alters the Response to Oxida-Tive Stress, Reducing the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Promoting Cell Survival in FAO Cells

Barbara Kramar, Tinkara Pirc Marolt, Ayse Mine Yilmaz Goler, Dušan Šuput, Irina Milisav, Maria Monsalve

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), secondary drug effects, schizophrenia, liver, mitochondria, oxidative stress (OS), MAPK.

Online: 2 July 2024 (13:23:11 CEST)

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Chronic administration of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) is commonly associated with in-creased cardiovascular disease load. Although the increase in weight gain and related dis-ease risk is generally considered the main contributing factor, direct interference with mi-tochondrial bioenergetics, particularly in the liver, where these drugs are catabolized, is emerging as an additional relevant contributor to metabolic disease risk that needs to be considered. In this study, we compared the effects of two AAPs with disparate metabolic profiles, olanzapine (OLA), which is obesogenic, and aripiprazole (ARI), which is not, on the response of Fao cells to oxidative stress. We found that Fao cells treated with ARI sur-vive better a challenge with H2O2 while OLA treatment has the opposite effect. This en-hanced survival is not related to a reduction in the apoptosis rate. In fact, ARI treated cells display higher apoptotic rates than control cells exposed to H2O2. Gene expression analysis of pro and anti-apoptotic factors revealed that the changes induced by H2O2 were generally dampened in ARI treated cells, but not in OLA treated cells, suggesting a reduced respon-siveness to stimuli, a notion that was consistent with a reduced activation of MAPK and STAT3 phosphorylation in response to H2O2, while OLA enhanced their activation in re-sponse to H2O2. Loss of stress response in ARI treated cells is consistent with the elevation of mitochondrial production of O2•-, a known desensitizing factor. The physiological rele-vance of the increased production of O2•- in ARI treated cells is further supported by the observed elevation of the mitophagy flux in ARI treated cells, likely related to mitochon-drial damage. An additional relevant finding was that OLA treatment protected the pro-teasome activity in Fao cells exposed to H2O2, an effect possibly related to the better preservation of stress signaling and mitochondrial function in OLA treated cells. In sum, this study highlights the underlying alterations in cell physiology derived from the inter-ference of ARI with mitochondrial function, that de-sensitize cells to stress signaling, while OLA has the opposite effect.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1154.v1

Impact of Most Promising Ebola Therapies on Survival: A Secondary Analysis during the Tenth Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Esther Mamu Kikwango, Pierre Z Akilimali, Nguyen Toan Toan Tran, Placide K Mbala, Steve M Ahuka, Jean Jacque T Muyembe

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: promising therapies; Ebola virus disease; ZMapp; Remdesivir; REGN EB3; mAb114; secondary analysis; survival

Online: 18 June 2024 (03:13:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0730.v1

Molecular Evolution of RAMOSA1 (RA1) in Land Plants

Carolina Bellino, Fernando E. Herrera, Daniel Rodrigues, Alberto Sergio Garay, Sofía Victoria Huck, Renata Reinheimer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: zinc finger; embryophyte; phylogeny; paralogs; collinearity; nuclear localization; secondary structure; divergent motifs; promoter

Online: 10 April 2024 (13:00:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0259.v1

Uncertainty Constraint on Headphone Secondary Path Function for Designing Cascade Biquad Feedback Controller with Improved Noise Reduction Performance

Yang Hua, Linhui Peng

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: active noise control; feedback control; secondary path uncertainty; headphones; fixed controllers; parametric filters

Online: 5 February 2024 (13:50:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1150.v1

High-Performance FAU Zeolite Membranes Derived from Nano-Seeds for Gas Separation

Qing Wang, Huiyuan Chen, Feiyang He, Qiao Liu, Nong Xu, Long Fan, Chuyan Wang, Lingyun Zhang, Rongfei Zhou

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: FAU membrane; zeolite; secondary growth; gas separation; propylene propane separation; H2/C3H8 separation

Online: 19 October 2023 (04:40:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0245.v1

New Insights into Flow for a Low-Bypass-Ratio Transonic Fan with Optimized Rotor

Mingjun Liu, Zhenjiu Zhang, Zhuoming Liang, Haibing Xiao, Huanlong Chen, Xianqing Yang, Changxiao Shao

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: low-bypass-ratio transonic fan; aerodynamic optimization; vortex dynamics; secondary flow; shock wave

Online: 5 October 2023 (02:12:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0987.v1

Iguratimod Ameliorates the Severity of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in Model Mice by Directly Inhibiting IL-6 Production and Th17 Cell Migration via Mitigation of Glial Inflammation

Satoshi Nagata, Ryo Yamasaki, Ezgi Ozdemir Takase, Kotaro Iida, Mitsuru Watanabe, Katsuhisa Masaki, Marion Heleen Cathérine Wijering, Hiroo Yamaguchi, Jun-ichi Kira, Noriko Isobe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: iguratimod; secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; connexin 47; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; IL-6; astrocyte

Online: 14 June 2023 (04:59:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0871.v1

María Gónzalez, Miriam Al-Adib, Ana Beatriz Rodríguez, Cristina Carrasco

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: women’s health; COVID-19 vaccine; menstrual-related disturbances; formerly menstruating women; secondary amenorrhea

Online: 13 June 2023 (03:38:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1122.v1

Methyl Jasmonate Has Different Effect on the Growth and For-Mation of C13- and C14-Hydroxylated Taxoids in the Cell Culture of Yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.) of Different Age

Elena V. Demidova, Elena B. Globa, Andrey Klushin, Dmitry Kochkin, Alexander Mikhaylovich Nosov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: plant cell culture; elicitation; methyl jasmonate; paclitaxel; plant secondary metabolism; C14-hydroxylated taxoids

Online: 28 April 2023 (05:28:39 CEST)

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The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) on growth and taxoid formation in the cell culture of Himalayan yew was investigated for elucidate the specifics of the action of phytohormones on dedifferentiated plant cells in vitro. The characteristics of the same suspension culture of Taxus wallichiana was compared in 2017 ("young culture") and in 2022 ("old culture") - 1.5 or 6 years after culture induction, respectively. Cells were grown in flasks and bioreactors, MeJ (100 µM) was added at the exponential growth phase. It was found that cell culture demonstrated good growth (dry weight (DW) accumulation 10–18 g/l, specific growth rate µ = 0.15–0.35 day-1) regardless of "age", cultivation system and MeJ addition. UPLC–ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of C14-hydroxylated taxoids (yunnanxane, taxuyunnanine C, sinenxane C, sinenxane B) in cell biomass in the amounts comparable to plants. The content of C14-OH taxoids during 5 years of cultivation increased by 3-5 times. It was 0.2–1.6 mg/g DW for "young culture” and 0.6-10.1 mg/g for “old culture” depending on cultivation conditions. The ratio of individual compounds changed also: in the "young culture" was predominant yunnanxane, in the "old culture" - sinenxane C. Important that C13-hydroxylated taxoids were found in trace amounts only in the "young culture” (below 0.05 mg/g DW) and were not detected in the "old culture”. The response to MeJ was radically different depending on culture’s «age». In the “young culture”, exogenous MeJ had no effect on the content of C14-OH com-pounds, but significantly (almost 10 times) increased the content of C13-OH compounds. In particular, paclitaxel concentration was elevated up to 0.12–0.19 mg/g DW, which is comparable to its content in the bark of yew trees. By contrast, MeJ added to the "old culture” had minor effect on the synthesis of C13-OH toxoids that appeared in trace amounts only (below 3.5 µg/g DW for paclitaxel) but notably increased the content of C14-OH compounds (1.5–2.0 times in flasks and 5–8 times in bioreactors). These findings suggest that hormonal signaling in dedifferentiated yew cells grown in vitro is different from that in plants and change with culture age. This might be a result of the high level of heterogeneity of cells in vitro and their constant auto-selection for proliferate intensity which leads to predominant formation of C14-OH taxoids versus C13-OH taxoids and modified cell response to exogenous MeJ treatment. These results have both fundamental and practical biotechnological application.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0380.v1

Li-Rich Layered Oxides: Structure and Doping Strategies to Enable Co-poor/Co-free Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Laura Silvestri, Mariarosaria Tuccillo, Arcangelo Celeste, Sergio Brutti

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: lithium rich layered oxides; secondary aprotic batteries; positive electrode materials; Li-ion; cathodes.

Online: 21 December 2022 (03:36:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0232.v1

Retracing Phylogenetic, Host and Geographic Origins of Coronaviruses with Coloured Genomic Bootstrap Barcodes: SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as Case Studies

Alexandre Hassanin, Opale Rambaud

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: coronavirus; genome; recombination; COVID-19; reservoir host; secondary host; phylogenetic support; tree reconstruction

Online: 13 December 2022 (07:44:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0481.v1

Cytotoxic Potential of Bioactive Compounds From Aspergillus Flavus, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated From Cynodon dactylon: Experimental and Computational Approach

Arjun Kumar Kalimuthu, Pavadai Parasuraman, Theivendren Panneerselvam, Ewa Babkiewicz, Joanna Pijanowska, Piotr Mrowka, Gopalan Rajagopal, Deepak Venkatraman, Krishnan Sundar, Piotr Maszczyk, Selvaraj Kunjiappan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Cynodon dactylon; Aspergillus flavus; endophytic fungus; secondary metabolites; anticancer; breast cancer; Bcl-2

Online: 25 November 2022 (10:19:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0287.v1

The Basic Cycles of Vocational Training (Bpt) In Spain: Student Satisfaction and Perceived Benefit

M.J. Martínez-Carmona, Carmen Gil del Pino, J. L. Álvarez-Castillo

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Transition decisions; Secondary School; School tracks; Revealed students’ preferences; Satisfaction; Quantitative method; Optimization

Online: 13 August 2021 (08:33:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0109.v1

The Role of Information Technology on Management of Risks in the Capital Market (Case Study: Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange)

Adele Sadat Fatemi, Ali Sabbaghian

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: Information Technology, Risk Primary Market, Secondary Market Risk, Non-Financial Risks, Risk Management

Online: 11 January 2019 (10:45:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2280.v1

Redesigning of Flexible Learning Itinerary Configurator (FLIC) for the Design of Learning Situations in Compulsory Education (FLIC-IPAFLEX)

Jacoba Munar-Garau, Juan Moreno-Garcia, Barbara De-Benito-Crosetti, Jesus Salinas

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: learning itineraries; learning design; technology‐enhanced learning; Learning design tools; primary education; secondary education

Online: 29 September 2024 (05:49:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1831.v1

Study on Safety Tunneling Technology of Secondary Outburst Elimination by CO2 Gas Fracturing in High Outburst Coal Seam

Xu Zongwei, Zhang Junsheng, Cao Yunxing, Wang Zhenzhi, Zhang Xinsheng

Subject: Engineering, Mining And Mineral Processing Keywords: CO2 gas fracturing; Coal and gas outburst; Secondary outburst elimination; Safety mining; Tunneling technology

Online: 26 August 2024 (14:11:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1238.v1

Diversity and Anti-infectious Components of Cultivable Rhizosphere Fungi Derived from Three Species of Astragalus Plants in Northwestern Yunnan, China

Guo-Jun Zhou, Wei-Jia Xiong, Wei Xu, Zheng-Rong Dou, Bo-Chao Liu, Xue-Li Li, Hao Du, Hai-Feng Li, Yong-Zeng Zhang, Bei Jiang, Kai-Ling Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Astragalus; rhizosphere fungi; species diversity; secondary metabolites；antibacterial activity; antimalarial activity; special eco-environment

Online: 16 August 2024 (11:59:09 CEST)

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Astragalus plants belong to the legume family and have obvious rhizosphere effect. The northwestern area of Yunnan China is the main distribution region of Astragalus plants with high application value, but low recognition and resource reserves. The aim of this research is to explore the species diversity of cultivable rhizosphere fungi derived from A. acaulis, A. forrestii, and A. ernestii growing in special high-cold environment of northwest Yunnan, and discover anti-infective components from these fungi. A total of 93 fungal strains belonging to 38 species in 18 genera were isolated and identified. Antibacterial and antimalarial screening yielded 10 target strains. Among them, the ethyl acetate crude extract of the fungus Aspergillus calidoustus AA12 from A. acaulis fermentation substance showed a broad antibacterial spectrum and the best antimalarial activity. Further chemical investigation led to the first discovery of seven compounds from the species of A. calidoustus, including a sesterterpine 6-epi-ophiobolin G (1), two sesquiterpenes penicisochroman A (2), pergillin (3) and 7-methyl-2-(1-methylethylethlidene)-furo[3,2-H]isoquinoline-3-one (4), and three polyketides trypacidin (5), 1,2-seco-trypacidin (6) and questin (7). Compound 1 exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activity against six Gram-positive pathogens with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 25 to 6.25 μg/mL, and prominent inhibitory effect on the biofilm of Streptococcus agalactiae at MIC value of 3.125 μg/mL. This compound also displayed potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant Dd2 at the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.319 and 4.340 µmol/L at 72 h, respectively. This study contributed to our understanding of the cultivable rhizosphere fungi Astragalus-derived in special high-cold environment and further increased the library of fungi available for natural anti-infectious products screening.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0979.v1

Functional, Chemical and Phytotoxic Characteristics of Cestrum parqui L’Herit: An Overview

Maria Chiara Di Meo, CInzia Di Marino, Pasquale Napoletano, Anna De Marco, Anna Rita Bianchi, Silvana Pedatella, Domenico Palatucci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Cestrum parqui L'Herit.; Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activity; Herbicidal Activity; Secondary Metabolites; Lignans; Flavones; Oxylipins

Online: 14 June 2024 (08:39:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0936.v1

Professional-Oriented Education Approach In Mechanics Physics Course for Future Career Track

Mayra Katbaeva, Sapargali Pazylbek, Fauziah Sulaiman

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Professional-oriented education; traditional class; secondary school students; mechanics physics; future career education track

Online: 13 June 2024 (14:35:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1347.v1

Aroplectrus dimerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Ectoparasitoid of the Nettle Caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae): Evaluation in the Hawaiian Islands

Juliana A. Yalemar, Walter T. Nagamine, Renato C Bautista, Dexter Y Cho, Larry M Nakahara, Mohsen M. Ramadan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: host specificity; reproductive performance; colonization; parasitism rates; secondary parasitism; moth traps catch; Eulophidae; Limacodidae

Online: 23 February 2024 (04:34:20 CET)

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The stinging nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) is a serious invasive pest of agricultural products and a health hazard on the Hawaiian Islands first discovered in 2001. Nursery workers and homeowners have been stung by the caterpillars while handling their plants, especially rhapis palms (Rhapis sp.). Throughout its invaded range, it causes widespread damage including the many cultivated and native palm species grown in Hawaii. Of medical importance are the stinging spines of the larva, which cause dermatitis on contact with the skin. Horticulture and nursery products impacted by the limacodid pest are estimated at $84.3 million (2018 value). An eradication attempt with pesticides and lure traps was made but proved unsuccessful and the moth population continued to spread to major Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Oahu). The introduction of specific biological control agents from the native region was thought to be the long-term solution for this invasive pest. Initial exploration in Indonesia and Thailand resulted in the introduction of a pupal ectoparasitoid, Nesolynx sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), that was not specific. The oriental wasp, Aroplectrus dimerus Lin (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae), idiobiont gregarious ectoparasitoid of the stinging nettle caterpillar, was introduced from Taiwan in 2004 for host specificity studies and biocontrol in Hawaii. Host range testing showed the parasitoid attacked only limacodid species and it was approved for field release in 2010. The parasitoid identity, host specificity under containment facility conditions, reproductive performance, colonization on the major infested sites were assessed. A total of 13379 parasitoids were colonized on162 release sites on four Hawaiian Islands. Evaluations were conducted using field surveys of larvae, pupal counts, and male lure traps. Field parasitism was thoroughly investigated on Oahu Island averaging 18.9 ± 5.6 % of 3923 collected larvae during 2010 – 2023. The numbers of male moths caught/trap/month were significantly reduced on Oahu Island (P

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1360.v1

Enhanced Monitoring and Decision Support in Pancreatic Cancer through Holistic Health Records and Advanced Data Processing: the iHELP Platform

George Manias, Ainhoa Azqueta-Alzúaz, Juan Ramon Berenguer Mari, Athanasios Dalianis, Jake Griffiths, Maritini Kalogerini, Konstantina Kostopoulou, Eleftheria Kouremenou, Pavlos Kranas, Sofoklis Kyriazakos, Danae Lekka, Fabio Melillo, Marta Patiño-Martínez, Óscar García-Perales, Aristodemos Pnevmatikakis, Spyros Spanos, Salvador Garcia Torrens, Usman Wajid, Dimosthenis Kyriazis

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: artificial intelligence; holistic health records; pancreatic cancer; real-time monitoring; primary and secondary data

Online: 20 October 2023 (16:12:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0008.v1

Exploring Prosodic Features Modelling for Secondary Emotions Needed for Empathetic Speech Synthesis

Jesin James, Balamurali B.T, Catherine Watson, Hansjörg Mixdorff

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Secondary emotions; emotional speech synthesis; fundamental frequency contour; Fujisaki model; low-resource; empathetic speech

Online: 3 January 2023 (07:29:37 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

The Role of Microorganisms in the Formation, Dissolution and Transformation of Secondary Minerals in Mine Rock and Drainage: A Review

Jose Eric Ortiz-Castillo, Mohamad Mirazimi, Maryam Mohammadi, Eben Dy, Wenying Liu

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: mine rock drainage; sulfide oxidation; neutralization by silicates; secondary iron minerals; toxic element scavenging

Online: 15 October 2021 (12:22:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0315.v1

Expanding the Myxochelin Natural Product Family by Nicotinic Acid Containing Congeners

Nicolas A. Frank, Márió Széles, Sergi H. Akone, Sari Rasheed, Stephan Hüttel, Simon Frewert, Mostafa M. Hamed, Jennifer Herrmann, Soeren M. M. Schuler, Anna K. H. Hirsch, Rolf Müller

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Myxobacteria; myxochelin; nicotinic acid; secondary metabolites; natural product discovery; precursor-directed biosynthesis; total synthesis

Online: 14 July 2021 (10:03:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0251.v1

Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and the Production of the Secondary Metabolite 6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone in Two Strains of Trichoderma Atroviride

Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz, Alessandro Fuchs, Kristina Missbach, Rainer Schuhmacher, Susanne Zeilinger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Trichoderma atroviride; mycoparasitism; secondary metabolites; 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone; Tmk3 MAP kinase; light; dark

Online: 11 September 2020 (08:49:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0578.v1

Mechanisms of Obtaining Secondary Structures on Friction Surface of Experimental Aluminum Alloys for Monometallic Journal Bearings

Pavel Podrabinnik, Iosif Gershman, Alexander Mironov, Ekaterina Kuznetsova

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: aluminum alloys; bronze; journal bearings; tribological alloys; friction; friction surface; secondary structures; self-organization

Online: 29 September 2018 (04:53:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0463.v1

Is There a Right to Get a Right Diagnosis Whenever Possible? Ethical and Social Issues in Dealing with Undiagnosed Rare Diseases

Sabina Gainotti, Deborah Mascalzoni, Virginie Bros Facer, Carlo Petrini, Giovanna Floridia, Marco Roos, Marco Salvatore, Domenica Taruscio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: undiagnosed rare diseases; diagnostic odyssey; NGS; deep phenotyping; genomic matchmaking; secondary findings; patient involvement

Online: 31 May 2018 (09:35:32 CEST)

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The time required to reach a correct diagnosis is one of the most important problems for rare disease (RD) patients. Diagnostic delay can be intolerably long, to the point that it is usually described as a “diagnostic odyssey” and, sometimes, a diagnosis might never occur. The International Rare Disease Research Consortium proposed, as ultimate goal for 2017-2027, to enable all people with a suspected RD to be diagnosed within one year if the disorder is known, and to enter a globally coordinated diagnostic and research pipeline for the unsolved cases. In-depth analysis of the genotype through next generation sequencing, together with a standardized in-depth phenotype description and sophisticated high-throughput approaches, have been applied as diagnostic tools to increase the chance of a timely and accurate diagnosis. This approach is very fruitful as, according to the Orphanet database, from 2010 to March 2017 more than 600 new RDs have been described and about 3600 genes linked to RDs have been identified. However, combination of -omics and phenotype data and international sharing of this information raise ethical concerns. Values to be assessed include not only patient autonomy but also family implications, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, solidarity and reciprocity, which must be respected and promoted and, at the same time, balanced among each other. In this work we suggest that, to maximise patients involvement in the search for a diagnosis and identification of new causative genes, undiagnosed patients should have the possibility to: 1) actively participate in the description of their phenotype; 2) choose the level of visibility of their profile in matchmaking databases; 3) express their preferences regarding return of new findings, in particular which level of Variant of Unknown Significance (VUS) significance should be considered relevant to them. The quality of the relation between individual patients and physicians, and between the patient community and the scientific community is critically important for making the best use of available data and combining efforts in the search for matches with similar cases worldwide that will help to solve unsolved cases. The contribution of patients to collecting and coding data comprehensively is critical for efficient use of data downstream of data collection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0070.v1

Effects of Fetal Exposure to Asian Sand Dust on Fetal Development and Reproductive Function in Male Offspring

Seiichi Yoshida, Takamichi Ichinose, Keiichi Arashidani, Miao He, Hirohisa Takano, Takayuki Shibamoto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: asian sand dust; in utero exposure; secondary sex ratio; male reproduction; daily sperm production

Online: 20 September 2016 (11:39:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1824.v1

Dark Side of Anthocyanin Pigmentation

Katharina Wolff, Boas Pucker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: pigmentation; secondary plant metabolites; specialized plant metabolites; flower colour; stress response; flavonoids; anthocyanins

Online: 26 June 2024 (06:39:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1524.v1

Promoting Institutional Cooperation through a Joint Project-Based Learning Course: A Case Study of Upper-Secondary School and University Students’ Experienced Relevance

Topias Ikävalko, Johannes Pernaa, Outi Haatainen, Maija Aksela

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: upper-secondary school; higher education; cooperation; project-based learning; students’ perceptions; relevance

Online: 20 December 2023 (12:22:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1069.v1

Dopamine Receptor Ligand Selectivity - An In Silico / In Vitro Insight

Lukas Zell, Alina Bretl, Veronika Temml, Daniela Schuster

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: dopamine receptor; subtype selectivity; GPCR; in silico; molecular docking; secondary binding pocket; in vitro; HTRF

Online: 27 April 2023 (10:10:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0129.v1

Analytical Investigation of Effects of Secondary Structural Members on the Structural Behaviors of Transmission Towers

Pyounghwa Kim, Whi Seok Han, Jeong Hun Kim, Jeonghwa Lee, Young Jong Kang, Seungjun Kim

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: high-rise transmission tower; secondary structural members; brace, horizontal member; load-carrying capacity; geometry simplification

Online: 7 December 2022 (10:50:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0291.v1

Repairing the Epigenetics of Unstable Repeats by Genome Engineering

Tayma Handal, Rachel Eiges

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: secondary epimutations; repeat associated diseases; genetic editing; epigenetic editing; transcriptional editing; DNA methylation; histone modifications

Online: 10 March 2021 (16:14:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0353.v1

Hydraulic Features of Flow through Local Non-Submerged Rigid Vegetation in a Y-Shaped Confluence Channel

Xuneng Tong, Xiaodong Liu, Ting Yang, Zulin Hua, Zian Wang, Jingjing Liu, Ruoshui Li

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Y-shaped confluence channel; non-submerged rigid vegetation; longitudinal velocity; secondary flow; turbulent kinetic energy.

Online: 20 August 2018 (11:27:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0088.v1

Heated Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Management of Ovarian Cancer

Andrea Jewell, Megan McMahon, Dineo Khabele

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: ovarian cancer; heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC); intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IP); cytoreductive surgery; secondary cytoreduction; interval cytoreduction

Online: 6 June 2018 (11:56:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0145.v2

Redefining Biodiversity Conservation Through an Outcome Separation Framework

Scott Trageser, Paul Hamilton

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: definition; degrees of separation; objective; primary conservation; secondary conservation; tertiary conservation; native species; ecological replacement species

Online: 1 May 2024 (07:34:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1665.v1

Effects of Different Organic Materials on the Remediation and Improvement of Secondary Salinized Greenhouse Soil

Zhimei Ma, Naling Bai, Weiguang Lv, Yu Huang, Xiao Ma, Xianqing Zheng, Shuangxi Li, Juanqin Zhang, Haiyun Zhang, Yue Zhang, Feng Zhong, Hanlin Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: secondary salinized soil; organic materials; salt ions; soil nutrients; random forest model; multi-linear regression model

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:38:02 CEST)

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Soil secondary salinization has seriously affected the greenhouse vegetable production in China. To improve the secondary salinization greenhouse soil and enhance the soil physical-chemical properties in an eco-environmental way, different organic amendments (straw, straw biochar, Trichoderma bio-organic manure, commercial organic manure) were applied using pot experiment for 60 day to comprehensively screen the optimal remediation method. In this study, soil nutrient condition and salt movement were assessed, and predictive models using multi-linear regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) were developed to estimate soil salinization parameters. The findings indicated a significant decrease in soil salt content following the application of organic materials compared to the control treatment. Specifically, the addition of straw at a rate of 250g/kg resulted in a 59.38% reduction in soil salt levels after 60 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the main salt ions exhibited dynamic changes over the course of the experiment, with reductions observed in Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, and NO3- content under the 250 g/kg straw treatment by 83.63%, 74.67%, 63.26%, 59.07%, respectively, compared to CK (P < 0.05). In addition, the SO42- content under 125 g/kg commercial organic manure amendment reduced by 48.94%, respectively (P < 0.05). Contrary to expectations, the addition of organic materials significantly increased the levels of total nutrients (N/P/K) and available potassium (AK) and phosphorus (AP) in the soil. Specifically, the addition of straw at a rate of 250 g/kg resulted in increases of 18.02%-87.38% in total potassium (TK), 66.67%-200% in total phosphorus (TP), and 142.87%-367.8% in AK after a period of sixty days (P < 0.05). Ultimately, the treatment involving the addition of 250 g/kg of straw demonstrated the most pronounced impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The random forest method shows promise in accurately predicting soil salt and soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR)indicators, thereby providing a valuable tool for estimating soil properties.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0449.v1

Systemic Inflammation Index: A New Candidate Minor Criterion in the Diagnosis of Polycythemia vera

Emine Gulturk, Korhan Kapucu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: polycythemia vera; secondary polycythemia; systemic inflammation index; erythropoietin; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio

Online: 7 March 2024 (12:04:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0812.v1

Effect of Body Weight Gain During Cashmere Non-Growing Period on Cashmere Production Performance and Secondary Hair Follicle Activity of Cashmere Goats

Junxia Li, Wenhui Xing, Dong He, Xinming Duan, Yatu Ji, Tana Gegen, Chunxiang Zhang, Youshe Ren, Chunhe Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: cashmere goat; cashmere non-growing period; body weight gain; secondary hair follicle activity; cashmere production performance

Online: 13 September 2023 (03:08:00 CEST)

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of body weight gain during the cashmere non-growing period on cashmere production performance and secondary hair follicle activity, to provide a theoretical basis for appropriate supplementary feeding of cashmere goats. Fifty Inner Mongolian cashmere goats aged 2-4 years old were randomly selected and weighed in May and September 2019, respectively. Based on body weight gain between the two weights, the experi-mental ewe goats were divided into two groups: 0-5.0 kg group (n = 30) and 5.0-10.0 kg group (n = 20). Skin samples and cashmere samples were collected. Results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that body weight gain during the cashmere non-growing period had a moderate and strong positive correlation with cashmere yield (P = 0.021) and cashmere staple length (P = 0.002) respectively, but did not correlate with cashmere diameter (P = 0.254). Compared with cashmere goats with a body weight gain of 0-5.0 kg, cashmere goats with a body weight gain of 5.0-10.0 kg had a 17.10% increment in cashmere yield (P = 0.037), 8.09% increase in cashmere staple length (P=0.045) and had no significant difference in cashmere diameter (P = 0.324). Results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a strong positive correlation between body weight gain and the population of active secondary hair follicles in the skin of cashmere goats (P < 0.01). Compared with cashmere goats with a body weight gain of 0-5.0 kg, cashmere goats with a body weight gain of 5.0-10.0 kg had an increase in the population of active secondary hair follicles (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the body weight gain during the cashmere non-growing period had a sig-nificant effect on secondary hair follicle activity and cashmere production performance in cash-mere goats. Since body weight gain reflects nutritional level to a certain extent, this study suggests that nutritional manipulations such as supplementary feeding during cashmere non-growing periods can increase cashmere production performance. However, specific nutritional manipula-tions during the cashmere non-growing period need further research to increase cashmere pro-duction performance.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1797.v1

The Impact of COVID 19 on Medical Staff Mental and Professional Wellbeing: A Longitudinal Study. Are Doctors Really Stronger than Nursing Staff?

Sefi Mendlovic, Idan Haklay, Roxane Eliot, Mooli Lahad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: COVID-19; Healthcare workers; Medical doctors; Compassion Satisfaction; Burnout; Secondary Traumatic Stress; Coronavirus; Mental health; Mindfulness

Online: 27 June 2023 (02:27:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0107.v1

On the Redox-Activity and Health-Effects of Atmospheric Primary and Secondary Aerosol: Phenomenology

Francesca Costabile, Stefano Decesari, Roberta Vecchi, Franco Lucarelli, Gabriele Curci, Dario Massabò, Matteo Rinaldi, Maurizio Gualtieri, Emanuela Corsini, Elena Menegola, Silvia Canepari, Lorenzo Massimi, Stefania Argentini, Maurizio Busetto, Gianluca Di Iulio, Luca Di Liberto, Marco Paglione, Igor Petenko, Mara Russo, Angela Marinoni, Gianpietro Casasanta, Sara Valentini, Vera Bernardoni, Federica Crova, Gianluigi Valli, Alice Corina Forello, Fabio Giardi, Silvia Nava, Giulia Pazzi, Paolo Prati, Virginia Vernocchi, Teresa La Torretta, Ettore Petralia, Milena Stracquadanio, Gabriele Zanini, Gloria Melzi, Emma Nozza, Martina Iulini, Donatella Caruso, Lucia Cioffi, Gabriele Imperato, Flavio Giavarini, Maria Battistoni, Francesca Di Renzo, Maria Agostina Frezzini, Cinzia Perrino, Maria Cristina Facchini

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmospheric aerosol; chemical composition; secondary aerosol; source apportionment; ultrafine particles; oxidative potential; exposure; toxicology; forecasting; micrometeorology

Online: 12 April 2022 (09:54:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0715.v1

Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Aqueous Thiol-Capped Ag-Zn-Sn-S Nanocrystals

Volodymyr Dzhagan, Oleksandr Selyshchev, Yevhenii Havriliuk, Nazar Mazur, Oleksandra Raievska, Oleksandr Stroyuk, Serhiy Kondratenko, Alexander Litvinchuk, Mikhailo Valakh, Dietrich R.T. Zahn

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: colloidal nanocrystals; Ag2ZnSnS4; phonons; Ag-Zn-S; Ag-Sn-S; non-stoichiometry; secondary phase; XPS; FTIR

Online: 31 May 2021 (08:33:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0410.v1

Noninvasive Infrared Analyses for Brain-to-breast Desease by Monitoring Angle-coherent Spectra from Photonic Quantum Ring Laser of Whispering Gallery Modes

O'Dae Kwon, Gil Sang Yoon, Jeong-Soo Lee, Yoonyoung Chung

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Photonic quantum ring (PQR); MQW; ACTIRS; WGM; whispering cave mode; secondary brain injury (SBI); breast cancer

Online: 20 October 2020 (11:58:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0418.v1

Analyzing academic stress in adolescence and their relationship with students’ psychological and physical well-being: Development and validation of the Questionnaire of Academic Stress in Secondary Education

Rafael García-Ros, Francisco Pérez-González, José M. Tomás

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: academic stress; psychological and physical well-being; adolescence; secondary education; validity; reliability; gender and age differences

Online: 23 August 2018 (15:32:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1884.v1

Review of Relationships Between Human Gut Microbiome, Diet and Obesity

Ondřej Patloka, Tomáš Komprda, Gabriela Franke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: secondary bile acids; short-chain fatty acids; butyrate; dietary fiber; resistant starch; intestinal barrier function; immune homeostasis

Online: 24 October 2024 (10:13:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0584.v1

Climate-Affected Australian Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Plants: Metabolomic Profiles, Isolated Phytochemicals, and Bioactivities

Ngawang Gempo, Karma Yeshi, Darren Crayn, And Phurpa Wangchuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: wet tropics; climate change; metabolomics; tropical montane cloud forest; Wet Tropics World Heritage Area; plant secondary metabolites

Online: 11 March 2024 (17:40:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2059.v1

Mineral Characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Asif Ali, Ning Zhang, Rafael M. Santos

Subject: Engineering, Mining And Mineral Processing Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy; Minerals; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Energy-dispersive spectrometer; Backscattered electron imaging; Secondary electron imaging

Online: 31 October 2023 (09:54:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1110.v1

Change in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Moderates Clinical Trial Outcomes in Depression: A Secondary Analysis of the SMILES Randomised Controlled Trial

Melissa M Lane, Mojtaba Lotfaliany, Priscila Machado, Felice N Jacka, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Adrienne O’Neil, André O Werneck, Carlos Monteiro, Amy Loughman, Tetyana Rocks, Nikolaj Travica, Michael Berk, Rachelle S Opie, Wolfgang Marx

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: ultra-processed food; Nova food classification system; major depressive disorder; nutritional psychiatry; secondary analysis; randomised controlled trial

Online: 15 August 2023 (09:38:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0086.v1

Information Needs and Communication Strategies for People with Coronary Heart Disease: A Scoping Review

Clara Zwack, Carlie Smith, Vanessa Poulsen, Natalie Raffoul, Julie Redfern

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: Information; resources; coronary heart disease; digital health; education; cardiac rehabilitation; secondary prevention; text message; sensors; cardiovascular risk

Online: 6 December 2022 (02:09:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0623.v1

Leptospermum scoparium (Mānuka) and Cryptomeria japonica (Sugi) Leaf Essential Oil Seasonal Chemical Variation and Their Effect on Antimicrobial Activity

Kyung Whan Bang, Gillian Lewis, Silas G. Villas-Boas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Leptospermum scoparium; Cryptomeria japonica; Mānuka; Sugi; Essential oils; Natural products; Secondary metabolites; Antimicrobials; Gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry

Online: 27 August 2020 (14:13:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0145.v1

A New All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Working without a Separator in an Electrolyte

Seonggyu Cho, Shinho Kim, Wonho Kim, Seok Kim, Sungsook Ahn

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: secondary lithium ion battery; all-solid-state battery; solid polymer electrolyte; succinonitrile (SN); lithium(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)

Online: 7 August 2018 (13:18:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0060.v1

Secondary Metabolites-Derived Polymers: A Potential Approach to Diminish Microbial Infection

Ahmed Al-Jumaili , Avishek Kumar, Kateryna Bazaka, Mohan V. Jacob

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: volatile renewable resources; microbial infection; secondary plant metabolites; antimicrobial essential oils; biologically-active polymers; plasma-assisted technique

Online: 5 April 2018 (03:32:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0096.v1

The Extracellular Domain of Human High Affinity Copper Transporter (hNdCTR1), Synthesized by E. coli Cells, Chelates Silver and Copper Ions in Vivo

Tatiana P. Sankova, Iurii A. Orlov, Andrey N. Saveliev, Demid A. Kirilenko, Polina S. Babich, Pavel N. Brunkov, Ludmila V. Puchkova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: CTR1 metal-binding extracellular domain cloning; copper/silver chelation; E. coli filamentous growth; secondary silver nanoparticles formation

Online: 27 August 2017 (11:56:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0311.v1

Fossils and Plant Evolution: Structural Fingerprints and Modularity in the Evo-Devo Paradigm

Alexandru Tomescu, Gar Rothwell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: fossil; morphology; evo-devo; paleobotany; evolution; development; macroevolution; modularity; hierarchy; structural fingerprint; regulatory module; auxin; polar auxin transport; embryophyte evolution; sporophyte evolution; polysporangiophyte; leaf evolution; secondary growth; secondary xylem; vascular cambium; strobilus; Sphenophyta; Equisetum; Lycophyta; root evolution; Lepidodendrales

Online: 14 July 2020 (13:34:20 CEST)

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Fossils constitute the principal repository of data that allow for independent tests of hypotheses of biological evolution derived from observations of the extant biota. Traditionally, transformational series of structure, consisting of sequences of fossils of the same lineage through time, have been employed to reconstruct and interpret morphological evolution. More recently, a move toward an updated paradigm was fueled by the deliberate integration of developmental thinking in the inclusion of fossils in reconstruction of morphological evolution. The vehicle for this is provided by structural fingerprints – recognizable morphological and anatomical structures generated by (and reflective of) the deployment of specific genes and regulatory pathways during development. Furthermore, because the regulation of plant development is both modular and hierarchical in nature, combining structural fingerprints recognized in the fossil record with our understanding of the developmental regulation of those structures produces a powerful tool for understanding plant evolution. This is particularly true when the systematic distribution of specific developmental regulatory mechanisms and modules is viewed within an evolutionary (paleo-evo-devo) framework. Here, we discuss several advances in understanding the processes and patterns of evolution, achieved by tracking structural fingerprints with their underlying regulatory modules across lineages, living and fossil: the role of polar auxin regulation in the cellular patterning of secondary xylem and the parallel evolution of arborescence in lycophytes and seed plants; the morphology and life history of early polysporangiophytes and tracheophytes; the role of modularity in the parallel evolution of leaves in euphyllophytes; leaf meristematic activity and the parallel evolution of venation patterns among euphyllophytes; mosaic deployment of regulatory modules and the diverse modes of secondary growth of euphyllophytes; modularity and hierarchy in developmental regulation and the evolution of equisetophyte reproductive morphology. More generally, inclusion of plant fossils in the evo-devo paradigm has informed discussions on the evolution of growth patterns and growth responses, sporophyte body plans and their homology, sequences of character evolution, and the evolution of reproductive systems.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1280.v1

Regulation of LaeA and Velvet Proteins on the Production of Mycotoxins and Other Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Xuwen Hou, Liyao Liu, Dan Xu, Daowan Lai, Ligang Zhou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: global regulation; toxigenic fungi; LaeA; velvet proteins; secondary metabolites; mycotoxins; phytotoxins; biosynthetic gene cluster; biological activities; regulation mechanisms

Online: 16 July 2024 (07:58:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0094.v2

Evaluation of the Effect of Primary and Secondary Closure on the Use of Leukocyte and Platelet Rich Fibrin in Impacted Lower Third Molar Surgery

Zeynep Dilan ORHAN, Levent CİĞERİM, Mehmet GÜZEL, İbrahim DOĞRU, Mohammad ALSMADI, Nazlı Hilal KAHRAMAN, Abdalrahim HUSSEİN

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin; closure techniques; wound healing; regenerative medicine; primary closure; secondary closure; impacted third molar

Online: 19 April 2024 (11:27:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0174.v1

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Berberis vulgaris (L.) Stem Bark Dry Extract

Ionuț Mădălin Ivan, Octavian Tudorel Olaru, Violeta Popovici, Carmen Lidia Chițescu, Liliana Popescu, Emanuela Alice Luță, Elena Iuliana Ilie, Lorelei Irina Brașoveanu, Camelia Mia Hotnog, George Mihai Nițulescu, Rica Boscencu, Cerasela Elena Gîrd

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Berberis volgaris (L.) stem bark; dry hydro-ethanolic extract; phenolic secondary metabolites; berberine; antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity

Online: 2 April 2024 (10:27:54 CEST)

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Berberis vulgaris (L.) has remarkable ethnopharmacological properties and is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study investigates B. vulgaris stem bark (Berberidis cortex) by extraction with 50% ethanol. The main secondary metabolites were quantified, resulting in a polyphenols content of 17.6780 ± 3.9320 mg Eq Tannic acid / 100 g extract, phenolic acids amount of 3.3886 ± 0.3481 mg Eq Chlorogenic acid / 100 g extract and 78.95 µg/g berberine. The dried hydro-ethanolic extract (BVE) was thoroughly analyzed using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS/MS) and HPLC and 40 bioactive phenolic constituents were identified. Then, the antioxidant potential of BVE was evaluated using three methods; our results could explain the protective effects of Berberidis cortex EC50FRAP = 0.1398 mg/mL, IC50ABTS = 0.0442 mg/mL, IC50DPPH = 0.2610 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.0165 mg/mL). Next, the acute toxicity and teratogenicity of BVE and Berberine - Berberine sulfate hydrate (BS) - investigated on Daphnia sp reported significant BS toxicity after 24 h; BVE revealed considerable toxicity after 48 hours and induced embryonic developmental delays. Finally, the anticancer effects of BVE and BS were evaluated on different tumor cell lines after 24 and 48 hours of treatments. The MTS assay evidenced a dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity, higher on BS than BVE. The strongest diminution of tumor cell viability was recorded on breast (MDA-MB-231), colon (LoVo) cancer, and OSCC (PE/CA-PJ49) cell lines after 48 h of exposure (IC50 < 100 µg/mL). However, no cytotoxicity was reported on normal epithelial cells (HUVEC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HT-29) cell lines. Extensive data analysis supports our results, showing a significant correlation between the BVE's concentration, phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity, exposure time, and the viability rate of various normal cells and cancer cell lines.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1202.v1

Modern River-Sand Geochemical Mapping in the Manufahi Municipality and its Surroundings, Timor-Leste: Implications for Provenance

Vital Cruz Malai Araujo Vilanova, Tomoyuki Ohtani, Satoru Kojima, Kazuma Yatabe, Nene Valente Soares Cristovao, Aniceta Araujo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: geochemical mapping; lithological mapping; river sands; principal component analysis; provenance; alteration; silicification; low-grade metamorphism; secondary mineral assemblage.

Online: 22 February 2024 (01:35:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0244.v1

Global Research Cooperation Patterns in the Secondary Battery Industry

HOJIN AN, KEUNTAE CHO

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: research cooperation pattern; co-author thesis; secondary battery industry; network analysis; Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling

Online: 5 February 2024 (08:06:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1323.v1

Classroom Emotion Monitoring Based on Image Processing

Cèlia Llurba, Gabriela Fretes, Ramon Palau

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: image processing; emotion recognition; secondary school students; academic performance; students' emotions in learning; students well-being; Py-Feat

Online: 18 January 2024 (03:11:33 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1394.v1

RNAsselem: a Python Package for Descriptive Analysis of RNA Secondary Structure Elements in Viral Genomes

Fedor M Kazanov, Evgenii V Matveev, Gennady V Ponomarev, Dmitry N Ivankov, Marat D. Kazanov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: RNA secondary structure; RNA viruses; connectivity table; WUSS; hairpin loop; internal loop; bulge; multifurcation loop; external loop; stem

Online: 22 November 2023 (14:54:28 CET)

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