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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0626.v1

Identification of Some Potential Host Cellular Receptors and Enzymes that Potentially Refine the Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) Tissue Tropism, Replication, and Pathogenesis

Mohd Yasir Khan, Abid Ullah Shah, Nithyadevi Duraisamy, Reda Nacif ElAlaoui, Mohammed Cherkaoui, Maged Gomaa Hemida

Subject: Virology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: BCoV; spike glycoprotein; Hemagglutinin esterase; ACE-2; NPR-1; Furin; TMPRRS2; docking; Neu5,9Ac2; Homology modeling; virus/host interaction; NGS; expression profile; q-RT-PCR ;

Online: 9 September 2024 (07:34:26 CEST)

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The information about the BCoV receptors, co/receptors that might be involved in the BCoV entry to the host cells is inconceivable. In addition to that, the roles of other host cell proteases, such as Furin and TMPRSS2, have not yet been well studied during BCoV replication. The current study’s main objectives are to identify some novel BCoV receptors and host cell proteases that might fine-tune the BCoV replication, tissue tropism, and molecular pathogenesis. We used a combination of some in silico prediction, molecular docking, and gene expression profile tools to predict some new BCoV receptors out of some known other coronavirus receptors and some host cell enzymes that are potentially involved in BCoV replication. To achieve these goals, we applied the in-silico prediction tools to check the potential interactions between eh BCoV/S glycoprotein and some known coronaviruses receptors (ACE2, APN1, NPR1, CECAM-1, AXL, and DPP4). We also established some potential models for the interaction between the BCoV/S and some common host cell proteases proved to play important roles in other coronavirus replication cycle (Furin, TMPRRS2, and Cathepsin-L). To confirm our prediction models, we assessed the gene expression profiles of these potential receptors and proteases in some bovine cell lines infected with BCoV using the next generation sequencing and the qRT-PCR assay. Our results show that the NPR1, AXL1 and the ACE2 have the strongest and firm binding affinities to the BCoV-S protein. Our prediction models and gene expression profiles show the potential bindings of the Furin and TMPRSS2 to the BCoV-S polybasic cleavage site (RRSRR|A). Notably, high expression of the host cell Furin was observed in response to both BCoV/Ent and BCoV/Resp infection, whereas TMPRSS2 expression was upregulated in the case of the BCoV/Ent infection, positioning Furin as a common receptor for different BCoV isolates. Further research is needed to study the roles of these top-ranked receptors and host cell proteases in molecular pathogenesis, and tissue tropism.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1650.v1

The Molecular Characterization of Lineage-IV Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus and the Development of In-House IELISA for Its Rapid Detection

Tahira Kamal Rana, Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan, Fariha Hassan, Aamer Bin Zahur, Aman Ullah, S. Murtaza Hassan Andrabi, Ghulam Muhammad Ali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: IELISA; PPRV; RT-PCR; Cost-effective

Online: 23 August 2023 (10:08:12 CEST)

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Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), a highly contagious viral disease, causes significant economic losses in sheep and goats. Laboratory diagnosis is crucial to disease control and eradication. Since PPRVs have recently adopted new hosts, genetic diversity within isolates of the same lineage is more likely than if they were host-specific, sheep and goats most often. ELISA detects antibodies and antigens in serology. However, mishandling, environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), storage, and sensitivity issues of commercially available ELISA kits prevent rapid PPR virus detection in third-world countries like Pakistan. In the 2020-21 outbreaks in Pakistan, 325 blood samples, 19 swabs, and 6 virus tissue samples of sheep and goats were collected from Gilgit, Islamabad, and Fateh Jang. These virus isolates were submitted to NCBI for partial N gene sequencing. Antigen was prepared from indigenous virus Using semi-purified antigen from PPRV, an indirect ELISA for the detection of PPR antibodies in goat and sheep serum was developed using MW600922 grown in Vero cells. Dilutions of 1:200 serums and 1:32 antigens improve antibody detection. The N-gene-based analysis revealed a better understanding of PPRV genetic characterization. This study develops an RT-PCR assay to detect PPRV by targeting the N-protein gene. This assay offers an accurate and affordable diagnostic tool for PPRV and partial genome sequencing. Results described that PPRV isolates from the current study have 99.73% and 99.4% similarity to previously published Lahore and Faisalabad isolates from Pakistan, respectively. Compared to previous isolates from NCBI data, the virus showed high divergence rates with the Turkish strain. The comparative analysis between Commercial kit (c-ELISA) and I-ELISA revealed that the former had a high sensitivity of 90.60% and specificity of 85.23% compared with the cELISA kit. By comparing I-ELISA and VNT, we find that the current assay is 100% specific and 82.14 % sensitive. Based on these results, serological surveys for PPR antibodies, on a larger scale, in small ruminants can be conducted with indirect ELISA rather than competitive ELISA. Furthermore, the cost and storage efficiency was highly significant because the currently developed method has a low production cost, which is much lesser than the commercially available kit. Our findings demonstrated a significant breakthrough in terms of cost-effectiveness and storage efficiency, and they are highly recommended for developing countries.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0193.v1

Added Value of Chest CT in Suspected COVID-19: An Analysis of 239 Patients

Daniel A. Korevaar, Ruud S. Kootte, Loek P. Smits, Joost G. van den Aardweg, Peter I. Bonta, Janke Schinkel, Rene M. Vigeveno, Inge A.H. van den Berk, Maeke J. Scheerder, Bregtje A. Lemkes, Abraham Goorhuis, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Jouke T. Annema

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; diagnostic accuracy; CT; RT-PCR

Online: 11 May 2020 (12:35:08 CEST)

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Introduction: Clinicians have been struggling with the optimal diagnostic approach of patients with suspected COVID-19. We evaluated the added value of chest CT over RT-PCR alone. Methods: Consecutive adult patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department (Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands) from March 16^th to April 16^th were retrospectively included if they required hospital admission and underwent chest CT and RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The CO-RADS classification was used to assess the radiological probability of COVID-19, where a score of 1-2 was considered as negative, 3 as indeterminate, and 4-5 as positive. CT results were stratified by initial RT-PCR results. For patients with a negative RT-PCR but a positive CT, serology or multidisciplinary discussion after clinical follow-up constituted the final diagnosis. Results: 258 patients with suspected COVID-19 were admitted, of which 239 were included because they had both CT and RT-PCR testing upon admission. Overall, 112 patients (46.9%) had a positive initial RT-PCR, and 14 (5.9%) had a positive repeat RT-PCR. Of 127 patients with a negative or indeterminate initial RT-PCR, 38 (29.9% [95%CI 21.3-39.3%]) had a positive CT. Of these, 13 had a positive RT-PCR upon repeat testing, and 5 had positive serology. The remaining 20 patients were assessed in a multidisciplinary consensus meeting, and for 13 it was concluded that COVID-19 was ‘very likely’. Of 112 patients with a positive initial RT-PCR result, CT was positive in 104 (92.9% [95%CI 89.3-97.5%]). Conclusion: In a high-prevalence emergency department setting, chest CT showed high probability of COVID-19 (CO-RADS 4-5) in 29.9% of patients with a negative or indeterminate initial RT-PCR result. As the majority of these patients had proven or ‘very likely’ COVID-19 after follow-up, we believe that CT helps in the identification of patients who should be admitted in isolation.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0142.v1

COVID-19 Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis Overview

Rania Zayed, Dalia Omran, Abeer Zayed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; serology; RT-PCR; lab; clinical

Online: 8 May 2020 (12:26:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0166.v1

Bixafen, Prothioconazole, and Trifloxystrobin Alone or in Combination Affect Health Related Gene Expression in Honey Bees from Nutritionally Deprived versus Protein Supplemented Colonies

Aline Y. Kato, Tainá A. L. Freitas, Cássia R. A. Gomes, Thais R. R. Alves, Yara M. M. Ferraz, Matheus F. Trivellato, David De Jong, Jaqueline D. Biller, Daniel Nicodemo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: contact exposure; detoxification; fungicide; immunity; nutrition; RT-PCR

Online: 3 May 2024 (07:36:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1387.v1

ToBRFV Mexican Strain: Seed Transmission Rate, Efficacy of Seed Disinfection Treatment, and Rapid Sensitive Detection in Seed Lots

Erika Janet Zamora-Macorra, Daniel Lobardo Ochoa-Martínez, Claudia Yaritza Chavarín-Camacho, Rosemarie W Hammond, Katia Aviña-Padilla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: seed transmission; tobamovirus; diagnostic method; natural hosts; RT-PCR

Online: 20 July 2023 (07:26:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0449.v1

Dysregulated Expression of Ion Channels in Sensory Neurons Enhances Action Potential Afterhyperpolarization in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease–Associated Pruritus

Akishi Momose, Michihiro Yabe, Shigetoshi Chiba, Kenjirou Kumakawa, Yasuo Shiraiwa, Hiroki Mizukami

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: CKD-aP; ion channels; action potential; hyperpolarization; RT-PCR

Online: 29 July 2022 (04:50:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0316.v1

Diagnostics and Monitoring of COVID-19 Infection – Current Understanding

Martina Bergant, Ario de Marco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: RT-PCR; seroconversion; serum biomarkers; SARS-CoV2; neutralizing antibodies

Online: 20 May 2020 (04:10:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0037.v1

Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Bovine Dermcidin, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Gene

Nevien Sabry, Tarek Moussa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Bos taurus; skin; bovine dermcidin; RT-PCR; antimicrobial activity

Online: 6 May 2019 (08:35:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0991.v1

Potential Performance of Two New RT-PCR and RT-q PCR Methods for Multiplex Detection of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1-4 and Chikungunya Virus in Mosquitoes Allowing Efficient Entomological Surveillance of Both Vector-Borne Diseases

Michel Kiréopori Gomgnimbou, Louis robert wendyam BELEM, Etienne Bilgo, Miriam Félicité Amara, Zouera Laouali, Ali Ouari, Toussaint Bayala, Kobo Gnada, Raymond Kharlis Yao, Moussa Namountougou, Ibrahim Sangaré

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: multiplex rt-pcr; multiplex rt-qpcr; molecular detection; dengue virus; chikungunya virus; mosquitoes; Burkina Faso

Online: 12 July 2024 (08:43:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0688.v1

Direct Quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 Using Droplet Digital PCR in Suspected Samples With Very Low Viral Load

Michela Deiana, Chiara Piubelli, Antonio Mori, Gian Paolo Chiecchi, Giulia La Marca, Martina Leonardi, Davide Treggiari, Anna Beltrame, Lucia Moro, Zeno Bisoffi, Elena Pomari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: droplet digital PCR; real time RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; false negative; viral load; diagnosis

Online: 26 April 2021 (20:09:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0509.v1

Using FTA Cards as a Rapid and Field Tool for Detection and Serotyping of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus in Libya

Fadila Abosrer, Elfurgani Kraim, Emiliana Brocchi, Giulia Pezzoni, Santina Grazioli, Abdunaser Dayhum, Ibrahim Eldaghayes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: FTA cards; foot-and-mouth disease; RT-PCR; field; sequence

Online: 30 August 2022 (05:45:36 CEST)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Are we on the Right Way after 200 Days of COVID-19 in Morocco?

Issam Bennis, Amina Nasri Sahraoui, Moulay Mustapha Alaoui

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; RT-PCR; control strategy; Morocco

Online: 5 November 2020 (10:40:41 CET)

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Historically, 2020 will be remembered as the year of COVID-19 pandemic, that limited people move and their social habits. This virus, becomes the first daily tracked public health burden that leads to more than 1,2 million deaths in the World by the end of October 2020, and until now no countries' best control strategies are cited as the example of long term success.Since March 2^nd, 2020, date of the first SARS-COV-2 detected case in Morocco; many decisions were adopted as COVID-19 control strategies. If the first period of COVID-19 noticed a few numbers of cases and deaths, the second half from July is marked with an exponential increase of the number of cases and a spread in almost all provinces with more intensive care needs and more deaths. The policy analysis approach was followed as a method to define the pitfalls themes and to compare with the updated available international information any significant similarities or divergences. Thus, this report has the aim to present an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic was dealt in Morocco during these 200 days, by highlighting some discrepancies with corrective advice provided in the first version of the manuscript to be confronted by a Moroccan health policymaker’s community, then to notice the decisions adopted during another one month by the MoH to get better future control results against COVID-19.Unfortunately, despite the MoH decision to increase the diagnostic facilities for molecular tests, the overall number of laboratory tests do not go further than 21000 tests per day. The actual insidious transmission is a dangerous blind threat that dissipates the collaborating efforts, due to this limited number of confirmation and follows up tests.Accurate, standardised and up to ten times per day tests of molecular biology represented by RT-qPCR, to interpret results following the time progress of cycle quantification values is the primary action to be done to enhance the overall control strategy.

Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Positive Rate Is Useful to Evaluate the Sufficiency of RT-PCR Test Availability for COVID-19

Sadao Suzuki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; RT-PCR test; pre-test probability; positive rate

Online: 5 May 2020 (06:04:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1385.v2

Path for Room-Temperature Superconductivity in Q-Carbon Related Materials

Jagdish Narayan

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: BCS superconductivity; RT superconductivity; B-doped Q-carbon; B-doped diamond

Online: 30 October 2023 (09:01:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0601.v1

Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of HBV Virus Infection in General Population of North Waziristan, Pakistan

Najm Ud Din, Asma Saeed, Ata Ur Rehman, Dawood Khan, Abdul Samad Khan, Arman Ali Shah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Epidemiology; Hepatitis B virus; ICT; ELISA; RT-PCR; Genotype; DNA; Pakistan

Online: 8 July 2024 (09:04:34 CEST)

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a lethal form of viral hapatitis, is an extra burden on the socioeconomic status of a country. Objectives: The population-based studies to quantify the incidence of hepatitis B. Data sources: in the North Waziristan, formally known as EX-FATA (Federal Administrated Tribal Area), Pakistan, are still rare. Study eligibility criteria: 943 individuals were selected on the basis of signs and symptoms to determine the epidemiology of HBV in the study population. Tests: Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods of data synthesis: Among these, 626 were male and 317 were female. All the HBV suspected individual were screened through ICT (Indirect Coombs Test) , ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and RT-PCR (Re-verse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Results: The results obtained from the screening tests for HBV revealed that RT-PCR based results are more reliable and it indicated that HBV infection is more common in male 41 (6.54%) than female 15 (4.73%). The age range selected for the study was 1-75 years. Age wise analysis indicated that HBV is more prevalent among individuals of age group between 16 to 45 years. This age range also showed higher number of patients having either mild, moderate or elevated viral loads. The HBV genotype D was the most common, present in 62.5% patients. However, 16.07 % patients were having genotype U, 12.5 % genotype C, 8.92 % genotype A, and 7.14% had genotype B. Discussion: The questionnaire based investigation revealed that HBV was most prevalent among married individuals (64.6%), whereas least prevalent among individuals having HBV positive family member (1.4 %). The other risk factors contributed were history of dental procedures (57.8%), ear, nose, piercing, or tattooing and uses of un-disposable syringes (56.5%), transfusion of blood or plasma (42.9%), surgery (41.8%), frequent visits to barber shops (39.45%), and addiction of injectable drugs (38.1%). The current study is providing a clear picture of the alarming situation HBV transmission and emphasis on the need for more effective planing, strategies and policies for the control and prevention of HBV.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0787.v1

The Recombination of Insertion Sequence Results in Deletion of the 3′ End of the cry1Ac Gene with Concomitant Enhancement of Its Insecticidal Activity

Chunmeng Huang, Yongjun Zhang, Huilin Yu, Chenhui Hou, Haoyuan Guan, Xiuping Chen, Jiajian Xie

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Transgenic cotton; insect-resistant; MON531; R7569; RACE; RT-PCR; ELISA; LC50

Online: 13 May 2024 (08:20:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1094.v1

Development and Evaluation of an In-House Real-Time Rt-Pcr Targeting nsp10 Gene for SARS-CoV-2 Detection

Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Jane Hau-Ching Poon, Kit-Hang Leung, Wan-Mui Chan, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Allen Wing-Ho Chu, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Kelvin Kai-Wang To

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; nsp10; real-time RT-PCR; diagnostic

Online: 20 February 2024 (06:07:31 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0342.v1

RNA Extraction Alternative Method for SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Diagnosis

Elisa Bianchini, Francesco Rossignolo, Melissa Perfranceschi, Chiara Cazzin, Ronaldo Silva, Fabio Formenti, Francesca Perandin, Cristiana Griffante, Rosaria Remelli, Michela Padovani, Salvatore Scarso, Martina Leonardi, Chiara Piubelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; nasopharyngeal swab; RNA extraction; RT-PCR

Online: 14 May 2021 (14:46:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0212.v1

One-tube RT-PCR for the Simultaneous Detection and Typing Duck Hepatitis A Virus Subtypes 1 and 3

Xueming Chen, Yuhuan Chen, Chunguo Liu, Xiaojun Li, Hongyu Liu, Xiaofei Bai, Ming Liu, Yun Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: DHAV-1; DHAV-3; Phylogenetic analysis; One-tube RT-PCR; Simultaneously

Online: 22 January 2019 (11:08:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0173.v1

Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Calmodulin from Echinococcus granulosus

Ning Wang, Xiu-Qin Zhong, Xing-Ju Song, Xiao-Bin Gu, Wei-Ming Lai, Yue Xie, Xue-Rong Peng, Guang-You Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus; Calmodulin; Ca2+-binding protein; Immunohistochemical localization; Quantitative RT-PCR

Online: 24 May 2017 (08:07:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0220.v1

Selection and Multiplexing of Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR Tests Targeting Relevant Honeybee Viral Pathogens

Franca Rossi, Ilaria Del Matto, Luciano Ricchiuti, Lucio Marino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: ; honeybee; viral pathogens; RT-qPCR tests; TaqMan probes; duplex reactions ;

Online: 6 May 2024 (08:43:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0316.v1

Temporal Trend of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and Res-Piratory Syncytial Virus in the Nasal Cavity and Accuracy of the Newly Developed Antigen-Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Test

Daisuke Tamura, Yuji Morisawa, Takashi Mato, Shin Nunomiya, Masaki Yoshihiro, Yuta Maehara, Shizuka Ito, Yasushi Ochiai, Hirokazu Yamagishi, Toshihiro Tajima, Takanori Yamagata, Hitoshi Osaka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Omicron; rapid diagnostic test; RT-PCR; RSV; SARS-CoV-2; viral antigens

Online: 6 December 2023 (07:38:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0548.v1

Transfer Learning for the Detection and Diagnosis of Types of Pneumonia Including Pneumonia Induced by the COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images

Yusuf Brima, Marcellin Atemkeng, Stive Tankio Djiokap, Jaures Ebiele, Franklin Tchakounté

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: ANN; COVID-19; CT; mRNA; MRI; RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; XCR

Online: 23 July 2021 (15:02:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0142.v1

Chronic Kidney Disease–Associated Pruritus is Caused by Dysregulated Ion Channels in Sensory Neurons

Akishi Momose, Michihiko Yabe, Shigetoshi Chiba, Kenjirou Kumakawa, Yasuo Shiraiwa, Hiroki Mizukami

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: uremic pruritus; ion channels; cell signaling; Cav3.2 calcium channel; RT-PCR; skin

Online: 14 September 2019 (19:00:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1845.v1

Determination Mitochondria's Quality Control of Parkinsonism Using Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Al-Baraa Akram

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: RT: real time, PCR: polymerase chain reaction, WT: wild type, dNTP: deoxynucleotide triphosphate

Online: 28 April 2024 (10:36:25 CEST)

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Nuclear DNA mutations, mitochondrial DNA mutations, combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA defects, and random occurrences are the main causes of mitochondrial disease. Black pigmentation loss is a major sign of Parkinsonism. Because of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, it drops to less than 80%. The degree of motor impairment was correlated with the amount of black pigmentation loss. After RNA extraction, reverse transcription is carried out because reverse transcriptase was used to create cDNA. One microliter of total RNA supplemented with IORT Buffer, dNTPs, random hexamers, Multi-Scribe Reverse Transcriptase, and nuclease-free was used to create cDNA. The following was how the reaction was carried out in a thermal cycler: 10 minutes at 25°C, 120 minutes at 37°C, 5 seconds at 85°C, and lastly 4°C. The data was expressed as a v-value, which shows how much the target gene is enriched in comparison to the reference gene. Earlier research using mice injected with functional HtrA2/Omi protease activity revealed similar outcomes, including induced up-regulation of CHOP, decreased mitochondrial function, and early brain cell aging because of an increase in mtDNA deletions. The cell viability of the genotypes exhibits a dmg concentration-dependent effect in these results, suggesting that high content ratios of drug treatment with 6-OHDA may be the cause of cellular content depletion. After 6-OHDA neurotoxin treatment, CHOP is up-regulated. Prior in vitro research has shown that treatment with a model based on 6-OHDA neurotoxin causes the activation of mitochondrial stress pathways, which in turn promotes the death of neurons. 6-OHDA reversibly inhibited complexes I and IV's activities in rat brain cells, which led to dopaminergic neurodegeneration, a defining feature of PD pathogens. As a result, the number of living cells will directly correlate with the dmg concentration, supporting the results of the current study. Real-time PCR can generally demonstrate that the removal of HtrA 2 results in a significant up-regulation of Hsp60 expression when compared to WT cells. This could be linked to a decreased threshold for mitochondrial stress in HtrA2 KO cells, which would explain why, following ADEP4 and ACP5 treatment, Hsp60 is significantly up-regulated in HtrA2 KO cells compared to WT cells.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0301.v1

Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with ALS by Investigating Patient's Specific MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers: A Retrospective Study

Zahraa Alkhazaali, Sajad Sahab-Negah, Amir Reza Boroumand, Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad, Mohammad Ali Khodadoust, Rashin Ganjali, Jalil Tavakol-Afshari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; ALS; microRNA; Mir206; Mir338-3p; RT -PCR.

Online: 3 April 2024 (14:25:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0118.v1

Stress Factors Affecting the Development of Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp. Disease in Bee Colonies

Beáta Sabolová, Petra Kandráčová, Monika Sučik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Vairimorpha spp.; diagnostic; duplex PCR; Slovakia ;

Online: 2 August 2024 (03:48:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0621.v1

Occurrence of Picobirnavirus in Domestic and Wild Animals from Three Cities of Brazilian Amazon

Elaine Hellen Nunes Chagas, Julia Rezende Da Silva, Bruno de Cássio Veloso de Barros, José Wandilson Barboza Duarte Júnior, Fabiolla da Silva dos Santos, Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior, Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra, Helder Henrique Costa Pinheiro, Ceyla Maria Oeiras de Castro, Yashpal Singh Malik, Joana D’Arc Pereira Mascarenhas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: enteric virus; picobirnavirus; brazilian animals; page, rt-pcr; rdrp gene; phylogenetic analysis; genogroup I

Online: 9 November 2023 (11:24:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0292.v1

Ke Zhou, Audrey Blanc-Lapierre, Valérie Seegers, Michèle Boisdron-Celle, Frédéric Bigot, Marianne Bourdon, Hakim Mahammedi, Aurélien Lambert, Mario Campone, Martine Bellanger, Jean-Luc Raoul

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: cancer; COVID-19; symptoms; healthcare workers; anosmia; dysgeusia; ageusia; France; serological test; RT-PCR

Online: 10 March 2021 (16:17:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0284.v1

Factors Affecting SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic, including Zoonotic, Human Transmission and Chain of Infection. Reducing Public Health Risk by Serum Antibody Testing, Avoiding Screening in Unhygienic Places and False PCR Reporting. A Scientific Review

Kamran Mahmood Ahmed Aziz, Abdullah Othman, Waleed Alqahtani, Sumaiya Azhar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; RT-PCR; antibody; zoonotic; animal transmission; genomics; asymptomatic fraction; herd immunity

Online: 23 June 2020 (13:30:11 CEST)

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Since December 2019, a rapid increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases was reported worldwide, despite strict infection control and lock down measures. Current paper investigated the actual facts behind this rapid increase in the number of cases. Study of genomic sequence reveals that domestic and wild animals were likely ancestors and zoonotic source for SARS-CoVs, MERS-CoVs, and SARS-CoV-2. Strong evidence suggest that these viruses already existed and replicated in animals and humans during past several decades, exhibiting diverse mutations, evolutions and self-limiting diseases, except during outbreaks. Serious zoonotic reservoir investigations are required to investigate animal transmission of SARS-CoVs and SARS-CoV-2 to limit current pandemic. This might be the reason of increasing number of cases via animals. SARS-CoV-2 has been retrospectively isolated in different studies in August 2019, several months before Wuhan announced. Hence, there is a possibility that viruses existed, went undetected, infecting subclinically, in past several years, and SARS-CoV-2 antigens and neutralizing antibodies may have been present in humans since long time. This might be another reason of increasing number of cases by screening as mass screening and antigen or antibody testing was not carried out in the past years. Randomized controlled trials are required to investigate human to human transmission by touch, as the current evidence is limited with conflicting results. As all SARS-CoVs are basically respiratory viruses, droplet precautions and infection control measures are essential, especially for hospital staff. Increased number of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic, or subclinical cases are detected worldwide. This silent phase of transmission can be beneficial for humans. Lack of symptoms eventually lessen virus transmission and reduce the pathogen's long-term survival and provide humoral herd immunity up to several years. Hence, seropositivity with diverse antibodies develops against mutating SARS-CoVs which will confer strong immunity during epidemics. Strategies such as identification, contact tracing and quarantine are costly and practically difficult. Hence, asymptomatic persons can continue their work with droplet precautions and standard infection control procedures, while symptomatic or sick persons can isolate themselves in their homes without the need for strict quarantine until clinical recovery, with reduced hospital visits and minimizing chances of hospital acquired infections. RT-PCR has low sensitivity and specificity, carries a high risk of handling live virus antigens, and requires difficult protocols. As viral load also sharply declines after few days of onset of infection, this technique might overlook infection. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection may be present in blood when oropharyngeal swabs are negative by RT-PCR. Additionally, RT-PCR usually gives false negative and false positive results and must be interpreted cautiously. This might be again a reason of increasing number of cases by false positive RT-PCR reporting. Moreover, antibodies against SARS-CoVs develop robustly in serum even by reduced amount of antigens. In contrast to RT-PCR, ELISA for diagnosing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity, even in clinically asymptomatic individuals. These antibodies can be used for serologic surveys, monitoring and screening. However, screening tests for SARS-COV-2 should be avoided in unhygienic public places by nasopharyngeal swabs, which carry a high risk of further transmission, co-infection or superinfection. Such highly infectious virus must be isolated and tested in highly sterilized laboratory. Further strict international laws and policies are required to stop the possible spread of experimental viruses, biological warfare and bioterrorism.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1880.v1

Assessment of the Fungal Contaminants of Dried Fishes Sold in Open Markets in Awka, Nigeria

Uche Chukwurah, Chito Ekwealor, Nzube Ekpunobi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Dried Fish; Molecular Identification; PCR; ; Aspergillus; Penicillium and Fusarium

Online: 29 May 2024 (06:35:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1532.v1

Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals in a Large Healthcare Organization from New Jersey

José R. Mediavilla, Tara Lozy, Annie Lee, Justine Kim, Veronica W. Kan, Elizabeth Titova, Ashish Amin, Michael Zody, André Corvelo, Dayna M. Oschwald, Amy Baldwin, Samantha Fennessey, Jerry M. Zuckerman, Thomas Kirn, Liang Chen, Yanan Zhao, Kar Fai Chow, Tom Maniatis, David S. Perlin, Barry N. Kreiswirth

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pandemic; variants; RT-PCR; sequencing; surveillance; vaccination; vaccine breakthrough; comorbidity.

Online: 21 July 2023 (13:55:29 CEST)

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New Jersey was among the first states impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one of the highest overall death rates in the nation. Nevertheless, relatively few reports have been published focusing specifically on New Jersey. Here we report on molecular, clinical, and epidemiologic observations from the largest healthcare network in the state, in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs collected in nine hospitals from December 2020 through June 2022, using both whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a real-time RT-PCR screening assay targeting spike protein mutations found in variants of concern (VOC) within our region. De-identified clinical data were obtained retrospectively, including demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, ICU admission, ventilator support, mortality, and medical history. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination status, clinical outcomes, and medical risk factors. A total of 5,007 SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were successfully screened and/or sequenced. Variant screening identified three predominant VOC, including Alpha (n =714), Delta (n =1,877), and Omicron (n =1,802). Omicron isolates were further sub-typed as BA.1 (n =899), BA.2 (n =853), and BA.4/BA.5 (n =50); the remaining 614 isolates were classified as “Other”. Approximately 31.5% (1,577/5,007) of the samples were associated with vaccine breakthrough infections, which increased in frequency following the emergence of Delta and Omicron. Severe clinical outcomes included ICU admission (336/5007 = 6.7%), ventilator support (236/5007 = 4.7%), and mortality (430/5007 = 8.6%), with increasing age being the most significant contributor to each (p <0.001). Unvaccinated individuals accounted for 79.7% (268/336) of ICU admissions, 78.3% (185/236) of ventilator cases, and 74.4% (320/430) of deaths. Highly significant (p <0.001) increases in mortality were observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, but not with obesity, thyroid disease, or respiratory disease. Significant differences (p <0.001) in clinical outcomes were also noted between SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2. Vaccination was associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in our study, despite an increase in breakthrough infections associated with waning immunity, greater antigenic variability, or both. Underlying comorbidities contributed significantly to mortality in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with increasing risk based on the total number of comorbidities. Real-time RT-PCR-based screening facilitated timely identification of predominant variants using a minimal number of spike protein mutations, with faster turnaround time and reduced cost compared to WGS. Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants will likely require ongoing surveillance for new VOCs, with real-time assessment of clinical impact.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0040.v1

Augmented Sensitivity of At-Home Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test (RAT) Kits with Computer Vision

Kim Miikki, Lars Miikki, Jenny Wiklund, Alp Karakoç

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; rapid antigen test; RT-PCR test; COVID-19; image processing; Raspberry Pi

Online: 2 March 2022 (08:06:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0201.v1

Detecting the COVID-19

Pravin Pokhrel, Changpeng Hu, Hanbin Mao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: diagnosis; detection kits; RT-PCR; immunoassay; false negative; false positive; sensitivity; point-of-care (POC)

Online: 12 April 2020 (16:50:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0091.v1

Evidence-Based Evaluation of PCR Diagnostics for SARS-Cov-2 and The Omicron Variants by Sanger Sequencing

Sin Hang Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV; RT-PCR; Sanger sequencing; RT-qPCR; receptor-binding domain (RBD); N-terminal domain (NTD); Omicron; multi-allelic SNPs; false-positive

Online: 12 April 2022 (03:57:29 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Fast Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Directly from Respiratory Samples Using a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Test

Olympia E. Anastasiou, Caroline Holtkamp, Miriam Schäfer, Frieda Schön, Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger, Andi Krumbholz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RT-PCR; nucleic acids; direct testing; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; LAMP

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:21:19 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0526.v1

Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Italy, October 2020-March 2021

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Stefano Menzo, Gianguglielmo Zehender, Sara Caucci, Valeria Ghisetti, Francesca Rizzo, Fabrizio Maggi, Francesco Cerutti, Giorgio Giurato, Alessandro Weisz, Chiara Turchi, Bianca Bruzzone, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Nicola Clementi, Annapaola Callegaro, Fabio Sagradi, Daniela Francisci, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Ilaria Vicenti, Massimo Clementi, Massimo Galli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 virus; complete genome sequencing; COVID-19 RT-PCR testing; Spike protein; vi-ral variants

Online: 21 May 2021 (15:12:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0526.v1

Nucleic Acid and Immunological Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: Processes, Platforms and Pitfalls

Avinash Premraj, Abi George Aleyas, Binita Nautiyal, Thaha Jamal Rasool

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19 testing; molecular diagnostics; immunological testing; RT-qPCR; ELISA; pool PCR; lateral flow assay; rapid assay

Online: 23 September 2020 (03:33:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0275.v1

Analysis of the Primary Presenting Symptoms and Hematological Findings of COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Md Rezaul Karim, H.M. Hamidullah Mehedi, Mohammad Shahbaz, Md Wazed Chowdhury, Guo Dan, Shuixiang He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; real-time RT-PCR; COVID-19 symptoms; COVID-19 hematological findings; Bangladesh

Online: 21 June 2020 (14:47:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0971.v1

Diagnostic of Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Passive Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR)

Berik Emilov, Aleksander Sorokin, Meder Seiitov, Tulegen Chubakov, Sergey Vesnin, Igor Goryanin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: 2019-nCoV; COVID-19; RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; Community-acquired pneumonia; Chest CT; microwave radiometry; temperature measurement

Online: 26 April 2023 (08:02:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1029.v1

A Unified Representation of Q- and H-Integrals and Consequences in Inequalities

Da Shi, Ghulam Farid, B. Younis, Hanaa Abu- Zinadah, Matloob Anwar

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: q-derivative; q-integral; h-derivative; h-integral; q-h-derivative; q-h-integral; inequalities

Online: 15 May 2023 (10:44:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0412.v1

Breast Cancer Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Sequencing: Sequential, Concomitant, or What Else? A Comprehensive Review on the Adjuvant Combinations Journey

Grazia Lazzari, Ilaria Benevento, Antonietta Montagna, Barbara D'Andrea, Antonella Bianculli, Giovanni Calice, Raffaele Tucciariello, Giovanni Castaldo, Vito Metallo, Angela Solazzo

Subject: Public Health And Health Services, Public Health And Healthcare Keywords: adjuvant chemotherapy; radiotherapy; concomitant RT; sequential RT; timing

Online: 6 September 2024 (07:39:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0309.v1

Some Properties of $Q$-Hermite Fubini Numbers and Polynomials

Waseem A. Khan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: $q$-Hermite polynomials; $q$-Hermite-Fubini polynomials; $q$-Bernoulli polynomials; $q$-Euler polynomials; $q$-Genocchi polynomials; Stirling numbers of the second kind

Online: 28 April 2019 (10:15:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1268.v2

Limits of Detection Analysis of Advanced Technologies for Bacterial Detection in Food Samples: Review & Future Perspective

Xinyi Zhao, Abhijnan Bhat, Christine O’Connor, James Curtin, Baljit Singh, Furong Tian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: limit of detection; bacterial detection; food sample; LFIA; PCR; electrochemical; multiplexing; food safety

Online: 20 February 2024 (06:30:15 CET)

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Foodborne illnesses can be infectious and dangerous and most of them are caused by bacteria. Some types of common food-related bacteria exist widely in nature and pose a serious threat to both humans and animals, and can cause poisoning, diseases, disabilities and even death. Rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods for bacteria detection are of paramount importance in food-safety and environmental monitoring. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and electrochemical method have been widely used in food-safety and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the recent developments (2013-2023) covering PCR, LFIA and electrochemical method for various bacteria detection (Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)) considering different foods types, analytical performances and the reported limit of detection (LOD) are discussed. It is found that the bacteria type and food sample type contribute significantly to the analytical performance and LOD. Detection by LFIA has higher average LOD (24 CFU/ml) than detection by electrochemical method (12 CFU/ml) and PCR (6 CFU/ml). Salmonella and E. coli in the Pseudomonadota domain usually have low LODs. LODs are usually lower for detection in fish and eggs. LFIA with gold and iron nanoparticles are prominent in the majority of articles of 26 CFU/ml and 12 CFU/ml respectively. Electrochemical method reveals that the average LOD is highest for cyclic voltammetry (CV) of 18 CFU/ml), followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of 12 CFU/ml and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of 8 CFU/ml. LOD usually decreases when replicate number increases until it remain unchanged. Exponential relations with (R²>0.95) between LOD of Listeria in milk by LFIA and electrochemical method with replicate number have been obtained. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and future perspectives (including the role of nanomaterials/advanced materials) to improve the analytical performance for bacterial detection.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1442.v1

Analysis of Kinetic Curves of Mass Change During the Interaction of Active Gases with Certain Metals and Compounds with Simultaneous Evaporation of the Products of Reaction

Irakli Nakhutsrishvil

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: Kinetics of oxidation; Scale evaporation; Mass change ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

Online: 23 April 2024 (10:57:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0308.v1

A Note on $(P,Q)$-Analogue Type of Fubini Numbers and Polynomials

Waseem A. Khan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: $(p,q)$-calculus; $(p; q)$-Bernoulli polynomials; $(p; q)$-Euler polynomials; $(p; q)$-Genocchi polynomials; $(p; q)$-Fubini numbers and polynomials; $(p; q)$ Stirling numbers of the second kind

Online: 28 April 2019 (09:56:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0571.v1

Streamlined Two-Step Fragment Analysis PCR and Exome Sequencing of RFC1 for Diagnostic Testing of Suspected CANVAS Patients

Helena Jaklič, Ivana Babič Božović, Borut Peterlin, Anja Kovanda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Cerebellar ataxia neuronopathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS); RFC1; genetic testing; genetic diagnostics, ; fluorescent PCR; repeat-primed PCR; repeat-expansion; fragment length analysis

Online: 11 March 2024 (05:36:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1037.v1

Evaluation of Standard M10 Assay for Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Azwani Abdullah, I-Ching Sam, Yin Jie Ong, Chun Hao Theo, Muhammad Harith Pukhari, Yoke Fun Chan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: respiratory syncytial virus; influenza A virus; influenza B virus; SARS-CoV-2; rapid RT-PCR; diagnostic accuracy; point-of-care testing

Online: 15 September 2023 (05:38:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1465.v1

Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccine Protection among Children and Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years against COVID-19 Infection in Qatar

Khadieja Osman Hassan Elhag, Jesha Mohammedali Mundodan, Juel Bikhash Chowdhry, Rejoice Puthuchira Ravi, Rekaya houda Baaboura, Jeevan Albuquerque, Bilal Riaz, Reem Yusuf Emran, Khatija Batoul, Abdul Mahmood Esameldin, Zinah Al Tabatabaee, Hayat Salaheldin Khogali, Soha Shawqi Albayat

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Adolescent; children; 12-17 years COVID-19 vaccine; fully vaccinated; partially vaccinated; vaccination status; RT-PCR-positive; Pfizer; BNT162b2; vaccine effectiveness

Online: 22 August 2023 (03:02:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0077.v1

Notes on $q$-Hermite Based Unified Apostol Type Polynomials

Waseem Khan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: $q$-Hermite type polynomials, $q$-unified Apostol type polynomials, $q$-Hermite based unified Apostol type polynomials.

Online: 7 May 2019 (11:20:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0214.v1

On the Degenerate $(h,q)$-Changhee Numbers and Polynomials

Yunjae Kim, Jin-Woo Park

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: (h,q)-Euler polynomials; degenerate (h,q)-Changhee polynomials; fermionic p-adic q-integral on Z_p

Online: 10 October 2018 (10:26:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0142.v1

On the Degenerate $(h,q)$-Changhee Numbers and Polynomials

Jongkyum Kwon, Yunjae Kim, Byung Moon Kim, Jin-Woo Park

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: (h,q)-Euler polynomials; degenerate (h,q)-Changhee polynomials,; fermionic p-adic q-integral on Z_p.

Online: 8 October 2018 (11:40:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0566.v1

On p-Adic Integral Representation of q-Bernoulli Numbers Arising from two Variable q-Bernstein Polynomials

C.S. Ryoo, T. Kim, D.S. Kim, Y. Yao

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: q-Bernoulli numbers; q-Bernoulli polynomials; Bernstein polynomials; q-Bernstein polynomials; p-adic integral on Zp

Online: 30 July 2018 (08:17:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0118.v1

Applications of q-Umbral Calculus to Modied Apostol Type q-Bernoulli Polynomials

Mehmet Acikgoz, Resul Ates, Ugur Duran, Serkan Araci

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: q-umbral calculus; apostol-bernoulli polynomials; modi.ed apostol type q-bernoulli polynomials; q-appell polynomials; generating functions

Online: 18 December 2017 (10:01:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0440.v1

Clinical Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Quantitative Real Time PCR for Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus in North East India

Diptanu Paul, W Valarie Lyngdoh, Himesh Barman, Clarissa Jane Lyngdoh, Kryshanlang Lynrah, Elantamilan Durairaj

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Scrub typhus; qRT PCR; Quantitative PCR; real time PCR; IgM ELISA; North-East India

Online: 27 May 2020 (07:51:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0072.v1

A Study on Some New Results Arising from (p,q)-Calculus

Ugur Duran, Mehmet Acikgoz, Serkan Araci

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: q-calculus; (p,q)-calculus; exponential functions; trigonometric functions; hyperbolic functions

Online: 9 March 2018 (14:49:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0280.v1

Evidence that Aquaporin 11 (AQP11) in the Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) May Represent a Pseudogene

Christopher P Cutler, Meghan E Canicatti, Esosa Omoregie

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Aquaporin; Spiny Dogfish; Pseudogene; Degenerate PCR; Colony PCR; 5’ RACE PCR; 3’ RACE PCR; Amino acid Alignment; Nucleotide sequence alignment; DNA cloning

Online: 4 January 2024 (09:19:13 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0930.v1

Take It In: Novel Use of an Iron Bio-Absorbable Stent in Pediatric Pulmonary Stenosis

Christopher Scott, Jennifer R Maldonado, Daniel McLennan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: - ; ; Tetralogy of Fallot
- ; ; Bio-absorbable stent
- ; ; Pediatric cardiology
- ; ; Interventional cardiology

Online: 15 March 2024 (14:37:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1236.v1

The Discovery of the Cross “十” Shape Ocean-Plate Whirlpool of Double Whirl Arms of the Planet Earth

Henghua Yan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: Cross “ 十” shape Ocean-Plate Whirlpool; double whirl arms; Hint Black Hole (HBH); Anthropocene; the planet Mars; supercontinent; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
; golden law of geometrical; progression of ladder pagoda

Online: 18 December 2023 (08:33:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0424.v1

Zeros and Value Sharing Results for q-Shifts Difference and Differential Polynomials

Rajshree Dhar

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Entire and Meromorphic function; q-shift; q-difference polynomial; shared values; Nevanlinna theory

Online: 18 October 2018 (12:20:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1678.v1

FLASH Radiation Therapy- Key Physical Irradiation Parameters and Beam Characteristics

roya boodaghi malidarre, Hesham M.H. Zakaly

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: CONV-RT; FLASH-RT; ultra-high-dose-rate; beam characteristics; pulsed beams; normal tissue sparing

Online: 24 August 2023 (04:10:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0992.v1

Epidemiological Characterization of Dengue Virus Serotypes in Mexico: Implications for Disease Severity

Porfirio Felipe Hernández Bautista, David Alejandro Cabrera Gaytán, Clara Esperanza Santacruz-Tinoco, Alfonso Vallejos Parás, Julio Elias Alvarado Yaah, Bernardo Martínez-Miguel, Yu Mei Anguiano Hernández, Lumumba Arriaga Nieto, Alejandro Moctezuma Paz, Leticia Jaimes Betancourt, Yadira Pérez Andrade, Oscar Cruz Orozco, Gabriel Valle Alvarado, Mónica Grisel Rivera Mahey

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: dengue; RT-qPCR; epidemiological surveillance; serotype

Online: 18 March 2024 (07:27:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2102.v1

Real-Time Classification of Motor Imagery using Dynamic Window-level Granger Causality Analysis of fMRI Data

Tianyuan Liu, Bao L, Chi Zhang, Panpan Chen, WeiChen Zhao, Bin Yan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BCI, rt-fMRI, MI, DWGC, svm

Online: 31 August 2023 (09:43:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0003.v1

Chronic Wasting Disease: Evolution of Diagnostic Testing for a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease

Nicholas J. Haley, Juergen A. Richt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: prion, cervids, PMCA, RT-QuIC, diagnosis

Online: 3 July 2017 (17:34:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0022.v1

Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Wolf Spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae) after Cadmium Exposure

Chang-chun Li, Yong Wang, Guo-yuan Li, Yueli Yun, Yu-jun Dai, Jian Chen, Yu Peng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: P. pseudoannulata; Cadmium; Transcriptome; RT-qPCR

Online: 8 October 2016 (11:07:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1337.v1

Flat Horizon D-Dimensional Black Holes in the Cubic Form of f(Q) Theory

Gamal Gergess Lamee Nashed

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: f(Q); black holes; stability

Online: 17 January 2024 (14:54:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0097.v1

Inequalities for Hypo-q-Norms on a Cartesian Product of Inner Product Spaces

Silvestru Dragomir

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: hypo-q-norms, Cartesian product

Online: 15 November 2017 (17:00:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0360.v1

Attitude Control of Highly Maneuverable Aircraft Using an Improved Q-learning

Mohsen Zahmatkesh, Seyyed Ali Emami, Afshin Banazadeh, Paolo Castaldi

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Reinforcement Learning, Q-learning, Fuzzy Q-learning, Attitude Control, Truss-braced Wing, Flight Control

Online: 24 October 2022 (10:24:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0548.v1

q-Sumudu Transforms of Product of Generalized Basic Hypergeometric Function and Application

V K Vyas, Ali A. Al -Jarrah, S.D. Purohit

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: q-analogue of Sumudu transforms; q-analogue of hypergeometric functions; general class of q- polynomials; Fox’s H-function; basic analogue of I-function

Online: 24 October 2018 (05:37:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1177.v1

A PCR-Based Approach for Early Diagnosis of Head and Neck Aspergillosis

Thaís Ellen Chaves Gomes, Victor Coutinho Bastos, Douglas Boniek, Mário Romañach, Fernanda Faria Rocha, Roberta Rayra Martins Chaves, Ricardo Santiago Gomez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; PCR; Diagnosis

Online: 15 August 2024 (14:30:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1257.v1

Evidence of Biparental Mitochondrial Inheritance from Self-Fertile Crosses between Closely Related Species of Ceratocystis

Daniella Van der Walt, Emma Steenkamp, Brenda D. Wingfield, P. Markus Wilken

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Ceratocystis; hybridization; PCR RFLP

Online: 30 April 2023 (04:34:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0415.v2

A Routine Sanger Sequencing Target Specific Mutation Assay For SARS-CoV-2 Variants Of Concern And Interest

Sin Hang Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Delta variant; Variants of concern; Variants of interest; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein; Nested RT-PCR; Sanger sequencing; Amino acid mutations; ACE2 RBD; N-terminal domain (NTD)

Online: 2 November 2021 (10:40:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0393.v1

Emotional Intelligence and Burnout Among Adolescent Basketball Players: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Labor

Wenjun Xue, Yiming Tao, Yangyi Huang, Guannan Liu, Huiru Wang

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: adolescent athletes; ; emotional intelligence; ; burnout; ; emotional labor; ; basketball players

Online: 5 September 2024 (12:34:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0341.v1

Deep Eutectic Solvents and Rare Earth Elements

Francisco Jose Alguacil

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy Keywords: deep eutectic solvents; rare earth elements; leaching; separation; purification ; ; ; ;

Online: 6 February 2024 (09:29:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1398.v1

DNA Barcoding of Catfishes (Order: Siluriformes) with New Records of Two Species from Eastern Nepal

Jash Hang Limbu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Fish diversity, ; taxonomy, ; new records, ; stream

Online: 20 August 2024 (08:59:32 CEST)

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The freshwater bodies of Nepal host a great deal of fish diversity; however, the molecular study of Nepalese fish is still in its early stages. Conservation management tactics require knowledge of the real species composition, often impeded by descriptions of intermittent species based on traditional taxonomy. Catfish, one of the most overfished taxa on the planet are abundant and heavily exploited in the eastern region of Nepal. Hence, actual catfish diversity in this region needs to be examined using a combined morphological and molecular DNA barcoding approach. In this study, we sequenced the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in Nepalese fish species for the first time and used it for molecular identification. Altogether, 99 specimens representing 29 species belonging to 21 genera and 8 families were successfully barcoded. They were found to be 98.5–100% identical to the known sequences deposited in the GenBank and BOLD databases. Of these, two species, Amblyceps arunachalense and Erethistoides sicula were recorded for the first time in Nepal. Out of 29 species, one species was found to be Endangered, one species as Vulnerable, two species were classified as Near Threatened, one species as Data Deficient, and 24 species were categorized as Least Concern. The intraspecific genetic distances within species ranged from 0 to 5%. The highest intraspecific genetic distances (Kimura 2 parameter) were found among the individuals of two species, namely E. sicula (4%) and Glyptothorax telchitta (5%), indicating the presence of putative (sub) species. The interspecific genetic distances among the catfishes in eastern Nepal ranged between 8.47% (between Glyptothorax trilineatus and G. cavia) and 26.38% (between Amblyceps arunachalense and Chaca chaca). The GC content at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd positions of the codons was found to be 42.4%, 49.3% and 43.8%, respectively. These findings will support future initiatives for fish resource inventory, monitoring and management. It is also an important input to the DNA barcode library of catfish in the eastern region of Nepal.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0934.v1

The Ali-Cesaro Stolz Theorem: Extending Classical Limit Analysis with Z-transforms

Ali Chtatbi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Stolz cesaro theorem, ; Z-transforms, ; Limite ;

Online: 13 August 2024 (13:15:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1434.v1

On Bicomplex (p,q)-Fibonacci Quaternions

Çağla Çelemoğlu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: p,q- Fibonacci number; p,q- Fibonacci quaternion; bicomplex fibonacci number; generating function; catalan identity

Online: 19 December 2023 (11:51:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0383.v1

On shape parameter $\alpha$ based approximation properties and $q$-statistical convergence of Baskakov-Gamma operators

Ming-Yu Chen, Md. Nasiruzzaman, Mohammad Ayman Mursaleen, Nadeem Rao

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: Baskakov operators; gamma operators; rate of convergence; Lipschitz maximal space; q-density; q-statistical convergence.

Online: 25 January 2022 (13:34:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1562.v2

Historiography and Death Toll of World War I and World War II Famines in Iran

MOHAMMAD GHOLI MAJD

Subject: Social Sciences, Area Studies Keywords: Iran; ; Famines; ; 1869-73; ; World War I; ; World War II

Online: 17 May 2024 (07:05:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2111.v1

Revolutionizing Waste Management Planning in Indorama Eleme Petrochemical Operational Complex: Promoting Sustainability

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, UNYIME ENOBONG OKURE, EWELIKE ASTERIUS DOZIE, HAMMAN MUHAMMAD KABIR

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: ; Indorama; Eleme; Petrochemical Limited; ; petrochemical sector; hazardous waste; ; management; ; codes

Online: 28 December 2023 (02:14:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1328.v1

Proteomics-Based RT-qPCR and Functional Analysis of 18 Genes in Metronidazole Resistance of Bacteroides fragilis

Bakhtiyar Mahmood, Anna Paunkov, Malgorzata Kupc, Katalin Burián, Erzsébet Nagy, David Leitsch, József Sóki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Bacteroides, metronidazole, nim, resistance mechanism, RT-qPCR

Online: 17 January 2024 (13:06:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0559.v1

Optimization of RT-QuIC Assay Duration for Screening Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer

Gokhan Yilmaz, Tamara Morrill, Cian Ward, Gordon Mitchell, Andrei Soutyrine, Hanhong Dan, Min Lin, Jiewen Guan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: RT-QuIC; Chronic Wasting Disease; Diagnostics; Optimization

Online: 7 September 2023 (15:45:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1920.v1

Selection and Evaluation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis in Amorphophallus konjac Based on Transcriptome Data

Yanli Liu, Chengcheng Zhang, Nunung Harijati, Ying Diao, Erxi Liu, Zhongli Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Amorphophallus; reference genes; RT-qPCR; gene expression

Online: 27 June 2023 (13:43:45 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0206.v2

An Approach to Screen COVID-19 Patients Using Diagnostic Kits: With Special Reference to Pakistan

Faiza Durrani, Farhat Zaheer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; RT-qPCR; liquid phase immunoassay

Online: 30 April 2020 (05:10:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1462.v1

Air Sampling for Early Pathogen Detection

Lennart Justen, Will Bradshaw

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: ; air sampling; biosurveillance; metagenomic sequencing; pandemic preparedness ; ;

Online: 19 December 2023 (13:51:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0462.v1

Acoustic Emissions in Rock Deformation and Failure: New Insights from Q-Statistical Analysis

Sergio Vinciguerra, Annalisa Greco, Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, Constantino Tsallis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: Acoustic emissions; q-statistics; rocks fractures

Online: 27 March 2023 (13:30:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0520.v1

Prevalence of Human Herpesviruses (HHV1-7), and its Clinical Significance in Middle Eastern Pediatric Leukemia Patients Using 2 Independent PCR Assays

Waleed Seif ElDin Mohamed, Hisham Abid Aldabbagh, Hussein Ali Aldughmani, Zeinab Fathy Abdullah, Sara Ahmed Kassem, Iman Adel Abdel-Almoniem, Mohamed Fawzy Ibrahim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Multiplex PCR; Real time PCR; Human herpes viruses; clinical significance; Pediatric Leukemia patients

Online: 30 August 2022 (10:30:06 CEST)

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Objectives: Human herpes viruses can cause life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised children, especially leukemic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect the human herpes viruses (HHV1-7) and to investigate its clinical significance in Middle Eastern Pediatric Leukemia Patients by using 2 Independent PCR assays. Methods: Detection of human herpes virus DNA has been done in blood samples of 200 pediatric leukemia patients in addition to 90 blood donors as a control group using multiplex PCR assays. When a ‘‘positive’’ result was observed, real-time PCR was performed to measure the viral load. Results: The most frequent herpes virus infection in Middle Eastern Pediatric Leukemia cases was CMV, followed by EBV, then HHV6, VZV, HHV7, HSV1, and HSV2, where they were 92/200 (46%), 76/200 (38%), 72/200 (36%), 48/200 (24%), 12/200 (6%), 8/200 (4%), and 2/200 (1%) respectively. Also, there was a statistically significance difference between leukemic patients and their controls regarding CMV, EBV, HHV6, and VZV (P <0.05). Correlation between percentage of co-infection, and clinical parameters for the 7 herpes viruses has been studied, and there is an increase in absolute neutrophilic count (ANC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and duration of fever and neutropenia in age group 6-11 years for HHV6/CMV, then in age group 12-18 years especially for EBV/CMV and CMV/HHV6. Also, our results show that multiplex PCR assay is close to single PCR assay in relation to specificity and sensitivity which in turn prove its validity for early diagnosis of herpes viral infection. Conclusions: Adopting multiplex PCR technique is helpful in screening of virus infections. It will save time, effort, cost effective and will assist in rapid diagnosis. However, the clinical relevance of the virus infection needs to be evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR which in turn will help patient's management by using appropriate antiviral treatment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0215.v1

Multifarious Results for q-Hermite Based Frobenius Type Eulerian Polynomials

Waseem Khan, Idrees Ahmad Khan, Mehmet Acikgoz, Ugur Duran

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Hermite polynomials, Frobenius type Eulerian polynomials, Hermite based Frobenius type Eulerian polynomials, q-numbers, q-polynomials.

Online: 20 August 2019 (11:20:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0145.v1

Development of a Lux Meter for the Identification of Liquids in Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles for Collection Centers in Mexico

L. Ángeles-Hurtado, Juvenal Rodríguez, Hilda Romero-Zepeda, H. Torres-Salinas, R. García-Martínez, Silvia Salas-Aguilar

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: PET; ; recycling; ; lux meter; ; classification; ; ANOVA; ; machine learning; ; automation; ; illuminance; ; municipal solid waste

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:12:08 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1122.v1

Detection of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus From Brain Samples of Equines With Encephalitis

Bernal León, Josimar Estrella-Morales, Carlos Jiménez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: alphavirus; Costa Rica; Venezuelan equine encephalitis; RT-PCRs

Online: 15 June 2023 (10:19:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1155.v1

Blood Plasma Small Non-Coding RNAs as Diagnostic Molecules of Progesterone Receptor-Negative Phenotype of Serous Ovarian Tumors

Angelika V. Timofeeva, Ivan S. Fedorov, Alexandra V. Asaturova, Maya V. Sannikova, Anna V. Tregubova, Oleg A. Mayboroda, Grigory N. Khabas, Vladimir E. Frankevich, Gennady T. Sukhikh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: miRNA; piRNA; mRNA; CA125; progesterone receptor (PGR); new-generation sequencing (NGS); quantitative RT-PCR; serous ovarian carcinoma; borderline cystadenoma; benign cystadenoma; formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks; blood plasma; cytoreduction

Online: 18 July 2023 (09:58:12 CEST)

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Progesterone receptor (PGR) expression level determines biological characteristics of the serous ovarian carcinoma, and low PGR expression appears to be associated with chemoresistance and worse outcome. In this study, we aimed to find relationships between tumor progesterone receptor level and RNA-profile (miRNAs, piwiRNAs, and mRNAs), determining its biological characteristics and behavior. For this purpose, we applied next generation sequencing of small noncoding RNAs, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry to analyze FFPE and frozen tumor samples as well as blood plasma from patients with benign cystadenoma (BSC), serous borderline tumour (SBT), low-grade and high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC and HGSOC, respectively). We found significant upregulation of MMP7 and MUC16 and downregulation of PGR in LGSOC and HGSOC in comparison with BSC. The tissue content of miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-424-3p, miR-424-5p, miR-125b-5p significantly inversely correlated with the expression level of MUC16 and blood serum CA125 concentration, and significantly directly correlated with the PGR expression level in tumor tissue. On the contrary, the tissue content of miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-93-5p, responsible for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the cell, significantly directly correlated with the blood serum CA125 concentration and significantly inversely correlated with the PGR expression level in the tumor tissue. Levels of the EMT-associated miRNAs significantly directly correlated with the content of hsa_piR_022437, hsa_piR_009295, hsa_piR_020813, hsa_piR_004307, hsa_piR_019914 in tumor tissues. Among them, expression level of hsa_piR_004307 significantly inversly correlated with the PGR expression level in the tumor. Two optimal logistic regression models were developed based on the quantitation of hsa_piR_020813, miR-16-5p, hsa_piR_022437 or hsa_piR_004307, hsa_piR_019914, miR-93-5p in the tumor tissue, both of which significantly diagnose PGR-negative tumor phenotype with 93% sensitivity. According to FunRich3.1.3 functional enrichment analysis tool, 72 gene-targets of miRNA and piRNA identified here as markers of PGR-negative ovarian tumor phenotype were proven to be mutated in different cancers such as ovarian, breast, colorectal, liver, stomach, lung, endometrial, thyroid cancer. Among them, the blood plasma levels of miR-16-5p and hsa_piR_022437 can be used to diagnose PGR-negative tumor phenotype with 86% sensitivity before surgery and chemotherapy to choose the treatment strategy for this most aggressive type of ovarian cancer (for instance, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cytoreduction in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) to increase the effectiveness of treatment and longevity of the patient.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0818.v1

AlphaFold Structure Analysis of COQ2 as Key Component of the Coenzyme Q Synthesis Complex

María de los Ángeles Vargas-Pérez, Damien Paul Devos, Guillermo López-Lluch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: coenzyme Q; ubiquinol; mitochondria; rare disease; antioxidant

Online: 14 March 2024 (11:13:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0181.v1

Modeling an Inverted Pendulum via Differential Equations and Reinforcement Learning Techniques

Siddharth Sharma

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: Reinforcement learning; Cartpole; Q Learning; Mathematical Modeling

Online: 10 May 2020 (18:02:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0092.v1

The Exact Evaluation of Some New Lattice Sums

John Zucker

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: Jacobian q-series; closed form lattice sums

Online: 15 November 2017 (04:17:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0672.v1

Innovative and Sustainable Temporary Structures to Guarantee Emergency Basic Healthcare in Italy

Silvia Brunoro, Lisa Mensi

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Architecture Keywords: ; emergency buildings; sustainability; energy simulation ;

Online: 10 May 2024 (10:39:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1703.v1

Challenges and Opportunities in Mobile Network Security for Vertical Applications: A Survey

Álvaro Sobrinho, Matheus Vilarim, Amanda Barbosa, Edmar Candeia Gurjão, Danilo F. S. Santos, Dalton Valadares, Leandro Dias da Silva

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Networks And Communications Keywords: ; 5G; security; privacy; vertical applications ;

Online: 22 December 2023 (09:40:01 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0503.v1

Supplemental Analyses for Comment on “Impacts of Sugarcane Fires on Air Quality and Public Health in South Florida”

Andrew Shapero, Stella Keck, Emily Goswami, Adam Love

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ; particulate matter; statistics; air modeling ;

Online: 28 February 2023 (04:20:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0323.v1

utPCR: A Strategy for Highly Specific and Absolutely Quantitative Detection of Single Molecules within Only Minutes

Rui Wang, Ying Liu, Shuaiwei Chen, Linlin Bai, Kaiming Guo, Yanan Pang, Feng Qian, Yongfang Li, Li Ding, Yongming Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Ultrafast PCR; droplet digital PCR (ddPCR); single-molecule detection; bloodstream infection; absolute quantification; molecular diagnosis

Online: 6 September 2023 (04:20:10 CEST)

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