Regarding landscape preferences for highways, there is a dynamic interaction between users and the variety of natural and cultural landscape elements along the roadside, reflecting a balance between the highway and the natural environment. However, the rapid pace of urbanization has accelerated the development of highways, leading to the neglect or destruction of valuable landscapes. This highlights the need for visual preference assessments to protect aesthetic and environmental values. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive criteria for assessing the visual preference of highway landscapes. Therefore, this study aims to review existing literature and establish complete assessment criteria. This study conducted a systematic literature review by searching for keywords in three databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The review included 22 papers published between 2013 and 2023 that met the criteria. An additional four relevant papers were included through a “snowballing” approach to supplement the research and results. The results of the study focused on the relationships between highway landscapes and users, user preferences, preference methods, and related variables. These inter-established relationships were used to complete an assessment framework, which establishes a basic reference standard for professionals.

In order to study the effects of dietary folic acid (FA) supplementation on growth performance and immune status in weanling piglets, a single factorial randomized block design trial with 6 dietary FA levels at 0.35, 0.66, 2.19, 5.18, 7.51 or 10.81 mg/kg was conducted. A total of 108 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) castrated weanling piglets (at 21 d of age) were allocated by body weight into 36 feeding cages (3 piglets/cage), which were allotted randomly into 6 dietary groups (6 cages/group). Piglets were fed ad libitum for 24 days. Blood samples were collected on the 24th day. The growth performance and the immune parameters were measured. Results showed that FA supplementation increased the serum FA level of weaned piglets (p < 0.01), and tended to increase the body weight (BW) at 45 d of age (p < 0.1) and the average daily gain (ADG) from 29 d to 45 d of age (p < 0.1). FA addition improved the feed efficiency (G/F) from 21 d to 45 d of age (p < 0.01), and with significant effects at 21 d to 45 d of age with FA 2.19 or 7.51 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Dietary FA at 0.66 or 2.19 mg/kg increased the serum CD3+CD8+ subset (p < 0.05), decreased the CD3+CD4+ / CD3+CD8+ ratio (p < 0.05); Moreover, FA addition increased the serum IFN-γ level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the adequate dietary FA is necessary to improve the immunity and growth performance of weaned piglets at 21 d of age. The suitable dietary FA level for immune function from 21 d to 45 d of age was 0.66 mg/kg, while were 6.82 mg/kg from 21 d to 28 d of age and 5.42 mg/kg from 29 d to 45 d of age respectively for feed efficiency.

The rural road landscape is crucial in forming rural areas' landscape character (LC). As a platform for portraying the rural landscape, the rural roads demonstrate the area's unique natural and cultural characteristics to the visitors. However, with the continuous development of rural areas, the rural LC has been severely impacted, thus impacting visitors' visual experience. In order to preserve and protect the rural landscape, this study aims to assess the visual quality of rural road landscapes based on public preference and heatmap analysis. The results indicated that most of the participants had a higher level of preference for rural landscapes with open horizontal views represented by agricultural areas such as paddy fields. It was also found that different paddy field characters based on their planting stages can also positively affect the visual quality of rural road landscapes. The study also revealed that rural LCs with roadside settlements, commercial structures, mixed agricultural crops, and vegetation received low preference ratings. These characters negatively impact the visual quality of the rural road landscape. These findings provide significant insight for planners and decision-makers regarding protecting and preserving the essential rural road landscapes for the rural tourism experience.

Plant community assembly is the central issue in community ecology. As plant traits differ in different life history stages, the form, intensity and mechanism of interspecific interactions may change with the ontogenetic process of plants. However, our understanding of interspecific interaction mechanisms during germination is still limited. Here, we conducted a laboratory germination experiment using 5 dominant species in Chongming Dongtan (Spartina alterniflora, Scirpus mariqueter, Phragmites australis, Suaeda glauca and Tripolium vulgare) to assess their germination performance in control (monoculture), allelopathy and mixture treatments. The results indicated that seeds could affect germination performance of neighbours through both allelopathy and microenvironment modification. Salinity of the solution in petri dishes after germination decreased in all treatments, and was negatively correlated with the number of total germinated seeds. Seed leachate of invasive Spartina alterniflora inhibited the germination of native Scirpus mariqueter and Phragmites australis, but not the two halophytes Suaeda glauca and Tripolium vulgare. The salt absorption by Spartina alterniflora seeds had the opposite effects compared with that of its seed leachate. On the other hand, seed leachate of native species promoted the germination of invasive Spartina alterniflora. The effect of microenvironment modification of Scirpus mariqueter and Phragmites australis was positive, whereas that of Suaeda glauca and Tripolium vulgare was neutral or negative. Considering seed-to-seed interactions is an important perspective to understand the underlying mechanisms of community dynamics, species diversity maintenance and invasion of alien species, and can improve the effectiveness in the management of invaded coastal wetlands.

The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an unprecedented challenge to global public health. With the intensification of the COVID-19 epidemic, the development of vaccines and therapeutic drugs against the etiological agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are also widespread. To prove the effectiveness and safety of these preventive vaccines and therapeutic drugs, available animal models that faithfully recapitulate clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 are urgently needed. Currently, animal models including mice, golden hamsters, ferrets, nonhuman primates and other susceptible animals have been involved in the study of COVID-19. 92 vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials after the primary evaluation in animal models, of which inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines are promising vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the landscape of animal models and advanced vaccines with efficacy range from about 50% to more than 95%. In addition, we point out future directions for animal models and vaccine development, aiming at providing valuable information and accelerating the breakthroughs confronting SARS-CoV-2.

The feasibility of a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain-computer interface (BCI) with a single flicker stimulus for multiple-target decoding has been demonstrated in a number of recent studies. The single-flicker BCIs have mainly employed the direction information for encoding the targets, i.e. different targets are placed at different spatial directions relative to the flicker stimulus. The present study explored whether visual eccentricity information can also be used to encode target for the purpose of increasing the number of targets in the single-flicker BCIs. A total number of 16 targets were encoded, placed at eight spatial directions, and two eccentricities (2.5° and 5°) relative to a 12 Hz flicker stimulus. Whereas distinct SSVEP topographies were elicited when participants gazed at targets of different directions, targets of different eccentricities were mainly represented by different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Using a canonical correlation analysis-based classification algorithm, simultaneous decoding of both direction and eccentricity information was achieved, with an average offline 16-class accuracy of 66.8±16.4% averaged over 12 participants and a best individual accuracy of 90.0%. Our results demonstrate a single-flicker BCI with a substantially increased target number towards practical applications.

SAA is an acute phase protein that elevates under inflammatory circumstance. The serum level of SAA was associated with the progression of inflammation in numerous diseases. However, little attention was paid to the correlation between SAA and ONFH. In this study, SAA was found risen in the femoral head of osteonecrosis patients through proteomics analysis and further confirmed by ELISA. Furthermore, SAA was proven affecting bone metabolism in rBMSCs. It facilitated the proliferation of rBMSCs whereas it suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and accelerated the adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Thus, we deem that serum amyloid A, which is a vital acute phase protein in inflammation, affected bone metabolis and plays an imperative role in the pathophysiological process of ONFH.

Smallsats are becoming the predominant electro-optical Earth observation (EO) imaging platforms. While atmospheric correction of smallsat data enhances its utility, an established pathway to do so may constrain accuracy and utility. The alternative, Closed-form Method for Atmospheric Correction (CMAC), developed for smallsat application provides surface reflectance derived solely from scene statistics. In a prior paper, CMAC closely agreed with Land Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC) software for correction of the four VNIR bands of Landsat-8/9 images for conditions of low to moderate atmospheric effect over quasi-invariant warehouse-industrial targets. Those results were accepted as surrogate surface reflectance to support analysis of CMAC and LaSRC reliability for surface reflectance retrieval in two contrasting environments: shortgrass prairie and barren desert. Reliability was defined and tested through a null hypothesis: the same top-of-atmosphere reflectance under the same atmospheric condition will provide the same estimate of surface reflectance. Evaluated against the prior surrogate surface reflectance, the results found decreasing error with increasing wavelength for both methods. From 58 comparisons across the four bands, LaSRC average absolute error ranged from 0.59% (NIR) to 50.30% (blue). CMAC error was well constrained from 0.01% (NIR) to 0.98% (blue) sustaining the null hypothesis for reliability.

The present study was to investigate effects of total flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (FT) on fermentation quality, antioxidant status and microbial community of Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CK) silage. CK was ensiled with no additive (CON), 1% FT and 2% FT on a fresh weight (FW) basis for 60 days. The results showed that 1% FT and 2% FT groups displayed higher DM content than CON group, and 2% FT group had the best effect on nutrient preservation. Compared with CON and 1% FT groups, 2% FT group exhibited the best silage fermentation quality and the highest antioxidant activity, including increased lactic acid, acetic acid concentrations and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as decreased pH and the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration. Moreover, 2% FT addition significantly affected the microbial community, such as increased abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased abundances of Pseudomonas and unidentified Cyanobacteria. The abundances of Lactobacillus parafarraginis and Lactobacillus brevis were negatively correlated to pH, while they were positively correlated with T-AOC, GSH-Px and CAT activities. In conclusion, 2% FT may be used as additives to inhibit the growth of undesirable microorganisms and promote fermentation quality and antioxidant activity of CK silage.

Background: Carers (or care partners) of adults in LTC contribute substantially to the health and well-being of their loved ones by providing physical care, emotional support, and companionship. Despite their critical role, little is known about how caregivers have been impacted by the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of caregivers of people living in long-term care (LTC) homes during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential supports and resources needed to improve caregivers’ quality of life.Design: An interpretive descriptive approach that incorporated photovoice method was used. Methods: Using purposive sampling strategy, six family carers in Ontario, Canada were recruited between September and December 2021. Over a four-week period, caregivers took pictures depicting their experience of the pandemic that were shared in a virtual focus group. Visual and text data were analyzed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.Findings: Caregivers expressed feelings of frustration, confusion, and joy. Emerging themes included: (i) feeling like a “criminal” amidst visitor restrictions and rules; (ii) experiencing uncertainty and disappointment in the quality of care of long-term care homes; (iii) going through burnout; and (iv) focusing on small joys and cherished memories.Conclusions: The combination of visual and textual methods provided unique insight into the mental distress, isolation, and intense emotional burdens experienced by caregivers during the pandemic. Impact: Our findings underscore the need for LTC organizations to work in unison with caregivers to optimize the care of residents and support mental health of caregivers.

In order to reduce the influence of ground vibration generated by tractor during driving and operation on driving stability and driver ride comfort, this paper proposes a control method of tractor active seat suspension based on model predictive control. By establishing a 3-degree of freedom tractor active seat suspension model and a ground excitation input model, a new model predictive controller for the active seat suspension system is designed. The vertical acceleration of the seat center of mass, the seat suspension stroke and the tire dynamic displacement are optimized by limiting the dynamic deflection of the seat suspension and the active force output of the actuator. The control model of MPC tractor active seat suspension system is built and its performance is simulated and verified. The results show that compared with the passive seat suspension and the PID seat suspension, the tractor active seat suspension based on model predictive control (MPC) has better damping characteristics and improves ride comfort.

The extrinsic and intrinsic factors are essential in glioma initiation. Many extrinsic factors (UV, radiation, food, etc.) and intrinsic factors (proteins, hormones, ageing, DNA and RNA damages, etc.) was reported to being responsible for glioma initiation and progression. However, the cell responsible for glioma origin is still unknown. Many research papers have reported that glioma stem cells, senescent cells, injured cells, and death neurons are the cells of glioma origin. However, gene mutation and oncogene protein overexpression doesn’t occur only in cancer but during life evolution. The source of genetic mutations has become a fundamental issue in understanding its role in the initiation of glioma. The glioma is the precise coordination of several distant factors that work together in the initiation and development of glioma. However, the role and effects of the genes (GDNF and SOX1) on cancer cells are well known, but their gene mutation origin is controversial. Several models and theories have been proposed to explain the origins of GDNF and SOX1 genetic mutations and epigenetic modification related to cancer. Our aim in this review is to clear that incertitude about glioma origin (gene mutation and epigenetic modifications) and those factors involved in glioma initiation and recurrence.

Biomineralization has become a research hotspot and attracted widespread attention in the field of carbonate sedimentology. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis DB1-9 was used to induce the calcium carbonate precipitation at different magnesium calcium molar ratios in the laboratory to further explore the biomineralization mechanism. Phylogenetic tree shows that the bacteria belongs to Bacillus licheniformis species. The ammonia and carbonic anhydrase can be released by this bacteria, resulting in the pH increase, and the carbonic anhydrase can also promote the hydration reaction of carbon dioxide and subsequently produce the bicarbonate and carbonate ions to elevate the supersaturation of calcium carbonate in the liquid culture medium to facilitate the precipitation of carbonate minerals. The calcites have a shape of rhombohedron, dumbell, and elongation, and aragonite often appears in the form of mineral aggregates, besides that there are also the spherical and the fusiform minerals. FTIR result shows there are some organic functional groups, such as C-O-C and C=O, beside of the characteristic peaks of the calcite and the aragonite, indicating that microbial metabolism is closely related to the mineral formation. The superthin slices of the bacteria analyzed by HRTEM, SAED, EDS and STEM show that the surface and EPS can adsorb a large number of calcium ions and magnesium ions and EPS may act as the nucleation sites, what’s more, the intracellular nanometer-scale sphere areas show the amorphous structures, and the intracellular calcium ions and magnesium ions suggeste that they can be transported from the outside to inside the cell by diffusion along the concentration grade from high to low. This study may provide some references to further understand the biomineralization mechanism induced by microorganisms in the laboratory and the field, and also helps to explore the reason of the transition of calcite sea to aragonite sea in the geological history.

In this study, four kinds of animal bone marrow powders were extracted with n-hexane using the Soxhlet extraction method. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were enriched by urea inclusion and low temperature crystallization method, then were further evaluated antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These results showed that the oil composition of the n-hexane extracts of four kinds of animal bone marrow primarily consisted of palmitic acid (18.57–31.01%), stearic acid (3.6–20.95%), and oleic acid (40.22–58.69%). The ratios of saturated fatty acids (SFA)/unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were 1/1.417, 1/1.327, 1/2.140, and 1.285/1 for sheep, bovine, horse, and camel bone marrow oil, respectively. The SFA/UFA ratios determined by the urea inclusion method were 1/1.518, 1/1.390, 1/2.037, and 1.216/1, respectively. The SFA/UFA ratios according to the low temperature crystallization method with acetone were 1/1.920, 1/2.141, 1/2.360, and 1/1.157 for sheep, bovine, horse, and camel bone marrow oil, respectively. These enrichment methods effected the concentrations of UFAs from the camel bone marrow oil. Among the methods, the low temperature crystallization method effectively enriched the UFAs. All four bone marrow oils exhibited strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The horse bone marrow oil showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity improved after enrichment of the UFAs. These results lay a theoretical basis for application bone marrow oil resources in food and medicine.

Baduanjin exercise is a traditional Chinese health-Qigong routine, created by an ancient physician for health promotion. Its mild-to-moderate exercise intensity is suitable for individuals with medical conditions. Recently, a large number of trials were conducted to investigate the effects of Baduanjin exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It needs to be determined whether Baduanjin exercise prescription is beneficial for the management of COPD patients. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to objectively evaluate the existing literature on this topic. We searched six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang) from its inception till early May, 2018. The adapted PEDro scale was used for study quality assessment of all randomized controlled trials (RCT). The pooled effect size (Hedge’s g) of exercise capability (6-Minute Walking Test, 6-MWT), lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in first second, FEV1; forced volume vital capacity, FVC; FEV1/FVC ratio), and quality of life were calculated based on the random-effects model. Twenty RCTs (n = 1975 COPD patients) were included in this review, with sum scores of the adapted PEDro scale between 5 and 9. Study results of meta-analysis indicate that Baduanjin is effective in improving exercise capability (Hedge’s g = 0.69, CI 0.44 to 0.94, p < 0.001, I2 = 66%), FEV1 (Hedge’s g = 0.47, CI 0.22 to 0.73, p < 0.001, I2 = 68.01%), FEV1% (Hedge’s g = 0.38, CI 0.21 to 0.56, p < 0.001, I2 = 54.74%), FVC (Hedge’s g = 0.39, CI 0.22 to 0.56, p < 0.001, I2 = 14.57%), FEV1/FVC (Hedge’s g = 0.5, CI 0.33 to 0.68, p < 0.001, I2 = 53.49%), and the quality of life of COPD patients (Hedge’ s g = - 0.45, CI -0.77 to - 0.12, p < 0.05, I2 = 77.02%), as compared to control groups. Baduanjin exercise as an adjunctive treatment may potentially improve exercise capability and pulmonary function of COPD patients as well as quality of life. Baduanjin exercise could be tentatively prescribed for COPD in combination with the conventional rehabilitation program to quicken the process of recovery. To confirm the positive effects of Baduanjin exercise for COPD patients, future researchers need to consider our suggestions mentioned in this article.

The increasing demand for higher power in rocket launchers is driving the development of higher power nozzles, achieved essentially by increasing the expansion ratio. However, this can lead to flow separation and resulting unsteady, asymmetrical forces, called side loads, which can limit the life of both the nozzle itself and other engine components. If this problem can be overcome, engine performance can be significantly increased. Therefore, various separation control methods have been proposed, but none have been fully implemented to date due to the uncertainties associated with modeling and predicting the flow phenomena. A numerical study of high area ratio rocket engine is presented to analyze the aeroelastic performance of the structure under the condition of flow separation. The finite volume method, the 2nd order upwind scheme and the extended wall function are used to analyze the flow inside the rocket nozzle and the transition of the Free Shock Separation (FSS) to Restricted Shock Separation (RSS) separation pattern ) to be discussed in detail. Since the location of the flow separation point depends heavily on the flow.

The influence of polysialic acid (PSA) and sialic acid (SA) on the gut microbial community composition and metabolites in healthy human was investigated using a bionic gastrointestinal reactor. The results indicated that PSA and SA significantly changed the gut microbiota and metabolites in different degrees. PSA can increase the relative abundances of Faecalibacterium and Allisonella, whereas SA can increase those of Bifidobacterium and Megamonas. Both can significantly increase the content of short-chain fatty acids. The results of metabolome analysis showed that PSA can upregulate ergosterol peroxide and gallic acid and downregulate the harmful metabolite N-acetylputrescine. SA can upregulate 4-pyridoxic acid and lipoic acid. PSA and SA affect gut microbiota and metabolites in different ways and have positive effects on human health. These results will provide reference for the further development of PSA- and SA-related functional foods and health products.

(1) Background: Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the primary cause of severe intestinal diseases in piglets. Porcine rotaviruses (PoRVs) are widely prevalent in Chinese farms, resulting in significant economic losses to the livestock industry. However, isolation of PoRVs is challenging, and their pathogenicity in piglets is not well understood. (2) Methods: We conduct clinical testing on a farm in Jiangsu Province, China, and isolate strains of porcine rotavirus by continuously passaging on MA104 cells. Subsequently, the pathogenicity of the isolated strain in piglets was investigated.The piglets of the PoRV-infection group were orally inoculated with 1 mL of 1.0 × 10⁶ TCID50 PoRV, whereas those of the mock-infection group were fed with an equivalent amount of DMEM. (3) Results: Fecal samples were collected from 28 piglets, all of which tested positive for RVAs. A G5P[23] genotype porcine rotavirus strain was successfully isolated from one of the positive samples and named RVA/Pig/China/JS/2023/G5P[23](JS). The genomic constellation of this strain was G5-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Sequence analysis revealed that the genes VP3, VP7, NSP2, and NSP4 of the JS strain were closely related to human RVAs, whereas the remaining gene segments were closely related to porcine RVAs, indicating a reassortment between porcine and human strains. Furthermore, infection of 15-day-old piglets with the JS strain resulted in a diarrheal rate of 100% (8 of 8) and mortality rate of 37.5% (3 of 8).(4) Conclusion: The isolated G5P [23] genotype rotavirus strain, which exhibited strong pathogenicity in piglets, may have resulted from recombination between porcine and human strains. It may serve as a potential candidate strain for developing vaccines, and its immunogenicity can be tested in future studies.

The airborne and satellite-based synthetic aperture radar enables the acquisition of high-resolution SAR oceanographic images in which even the outlines of ships can be identified. The detection of ship targets from SAR images has a wide range of applications, such as the military, where the dynamic grasp of enemy targets can help improve the early warning capability of naval defence, and the civilian detection of illegal fishing vessels can help improve the level of maritime management. Due to the density of ships in SAR images, the extreme imbalance between foreground and background clutter, and the diversity of target sizes, achieving lightweight and highly accurate multi-scale ship target detection remains a great challenge. To this end, this paper proposes an attention mechanism for multiscale receptive fields convolution block (AMMRF). AMMRF not only makes full use of the location information of the feature map to accurately capture the regions in the feature map that are useful for detection results, but also effectively captures the relationship between the feature map channels, so as to better learn the relationship between the ship and the background. Based on this, a new YOLOv7-based ship target detection method, You Only Look Once SAR Ship Identification (YOLO-SARSI), is proposed, which acquires the abstract semantic information extracted from the high-level convolution while retaining the detailed semantic information extracted from the low-level convolution. Compared to the deep learning detection methods proposed by previous authors, our model is more lightweight, only 18.43M. We examined the effectiveness of our method on two SAR image public datasets: the High-Resolution SAR Images Dataset (HRSID) and the Large-Scale SAR Ship Detection Dataset-v1.0 (LS-SSDD-V1.0). The results show that the average accuracy AP50 of the detection method YOLO-SARSI proposed in this paper on the HRSID and LS-SSDD-V1.0 datasets is 4.9% and 5% higher than that of YOLOv7, respectively.

In this study, seventeen faceted gem-quality chrysoberyls exhibiting an attractive canary yellow color were investigated by a series of gemological, spectral, and chemical methods. Microscopic observation reveals distinct growth lines and inclusions, including CO2 fluids, carbon, and mineral crystals such as calcite, quartz, sillimanite, and mica, identified by the Raman spectrum. The FTIR spectrum exhibits the 2405 and 2160 cm-1 feature peaks and a 3223 cm-1 peak in all samples, which can be accompanied by the 3112 cm-1 shoulder, 3301, and 3412 and 3432 cm-1 peaks. The UV-Vis spectrum shows a Fe-related peak at 440 nm, along with the 650–660 nm band and the absorption band in the blue zone of the visible light. The chemical results of EDXRF reveal a V-poor, Cr-poor, and Fe-rich feature. The spectral and chemical results could contribute to explaining the origin of the canary yellow color, which originates from the abundant amount of Fe with very little influence from Cr or V.

As the largest accretionary orogen in the world, the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) has continuous juvenile crustal growth in the Phanerozoic. The northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC) and its adjacent area is the eastern segment of the CAOB, and is a key area to study the geological evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). In the Permian, the west of the northern margin of NCC belongs to a post-collision extensional environment, and the east belongs to a subduction stage. But, As a connecting area, the Permian evolution of PAO in the middle of northern margin of NCC has not been systematically studied. In order to fill the blank and understand the temporal and spatial continuous evolution process of PAO, this paper focused on the Permian granitic rocks in the Chifeng area, zircon U-Pb dating and the geochemical analysis of the whole rock main and trace elements were conducted in order to build a granite chronological framework, discuss the genesis and tectonic background of the granite rocks as well as the magma-tectonic evolution history in the Chifeng area. Zircon U-Pb dating results of 8 samples are 269±1 Ma, 268±3 Ma, 260±4 Ma, 260±1 Ma, 260±1 Ma, 255±2 Ma, 254±2 Ma, 256±1Ma, which showed that the Permian granitic rocks had undergone three stages of emplacement: (1) The monzogranite and syenite (294-284 Ma); (2) The monzogranite (269-260Ma) and (3) The monzogranite and syenite (256-254Ma). The Middle Permian magmatism (269-260Ma) was represented by the monzogranite assemblages with different grain sizes. The geochemical characteristics showed that they were high-potassium calc-alkaline-potassium dossonite series of granites formed in compressional environment, indicating there was a collision between the Xing’an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt (XMOB) and the North China Craton (NCC). During the Late Permian-Early Triassic (256-248Ma), the granites in the Chifeng area are dominated by the A-type and I-type granites of high-potassium calc-alkaline series formed under an extensional environments, which constituted typical "bimodal" rock assemblage combined with the coeval basic rocks, suggesting the study area was in an extensional environment where the subducting slab is fragmented during the collision between the XMOB and the NCC. According to emplacement time and occurrence location, the plutons are interpreted to have been generated by the subduction-collision of the Paleo-Asian oceanic crust beneath the NCC. This study provides strong evidence for Permian tectonic evolution and the characterization of the eventual closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Chifeng City at the northern margin of the NCC.

The relative position of the orchard robot to the rows of fruit trees is an important parameter for achieving autonomous navigations. The current methods for estimating the position parameters between rows of orchard robots obtain low parameter accuracy, and to address this problem, this paper proposes a machine vision-based method for detecting the relative position of orchard robots and fruit tree rows. Firstly, the fruit tree trunk is identified based on the improved YOLOv4 model; secondly, the camera coordinates of the tree trunk are calculated from the principle of binocular camera triangulation, and the ground projection coordinates of the tree trunk are obtained through coordinate conversion; finally, the midpoints of the projection coordinates of different sides are combined and the navigation path is obtained by linear fitting with the least squares method, and the position parameters of the orchard robot are obtained through calculation. The experimental results show that the average accuracy and average recall of the improved YOLOv4 model for fruit tree trunk detection are 97.05% and 95.42%, respectively, which are 5.92 and 7.91 percentage points higher than those of the original YOLOv4 model. The average errors of heading angle and lateral deviation estimates obtained based on the method in this paper are 0.57° and 0.02 m. The method can accurately calculate heading angle and lateral deviation values at different positions between rows, and can provide a reference for autonomous visual navigation of orchard robots.

Due to its economic benefits and the ability to reduce carbon emissions on a large scale, the CCUS-EOR project has been widely promoted and implemented globally. By using carbon dioxide flooding, oil water transition zone reservoirs that were once considered worthless may have new potential for development because of its rich geological reserves and high quality carbon sequestration conditions. Unlike water flooded layer, the oil in the TZ is unsaturated rather than residual oil after water flooding, which would lead to special oil-water seepage law of initial oil saturation. It is necessary to clarify special oil-water seepage law of oil-water transition zone to evaluate its production & storage potential. In this paper, we present a series of experiments to characterize the relationship between residual oil saturation and initial oil saturation. Cores in four different permeability and oil in four different viscosity are used to simulate different reservoir conditions, and that CO2 immiscible flooding experiments for each cores permeability and oil viscosity are performed with four different initial oil saturation. A total of 36 sets of CO2 flooding experiment data are used to draw the initial oil saturation & residual oil saturation chart. The results show that the residual oil saturation depends on the initial oil saturation rather than constant under certain conditions of core and oil. Under the condition of low permeability and high oil viscosity, the influence of initial oil saturation on residual oil saturation is relatively strong. The initial oil saturation & residual oil saturation chart can accurately calculate the residual oil saturation, initial water cut and final recovery based on the core permeability, oil viscosity and the initial oil saturation which is the first time to put forward this kind of chart and of the great significance to evaluate the recovery potential of the TZ.

Using agronomic measures to remediate heavy metals on farmland is the main measure to achieve the safe utilization of crops. Investigating the effects of applying different fertilizers on the uptake, and translocation of Chromium (Cr) in maize and on the effectiveness of Cr in soil under Cr contamination of farmland is of great theoretical and practical significance to achieve the safe utilization of arable land and safe production of agricultural products. Under field trial conditions, different fertilizer types were set up, including ammonium sulfite, calcium-magnesium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate. locally formulated fertilizers (urea-ammonium phosphate-potassium chloride) serving as the control, with Biochar and conditioner PX5B were chosen to compare the impacts of each. To study the effects of different fertilizer types on maize yield, Cr content in the plant, bioconcentration factor, translocation factor and available content of Cr in the soil. The results showed that Compared with the formulated fertilizer, all treatments could improve pH, soil organic matter (SOM） and reduce the effective state of Cr content in the soil by 15.05% to 42.66%. While the Cr content of maize grains treated with biochar and conditioner PX5B was 0.80 mg·kg-1 and 0.88 mg·kg-1 with reduction rates of 39.95% and 33.83%, respectively. The Cr content of maize grains treated with various fertilizer treatments ranged from 0.82 to 1.32 mg·kg-1 with reduction rates of 0.75% to 38.19%. The Cr content of maize grains could be brought down to below the national food safety standards of China(1.0 mg·kg-1) using urea – calcium magnesium phosphate - potassium chloride, urea - diammonium phosphate - potassium chloride, ammonium sulfite – calcium magnesium phosphate - potassium chloride and ammonium sulfite, urea – calcium magnesium phosphate - potassium chloride and the two conditioner treatments. Among the different fertilizer treatments, the best fertilizer treatment for reducing the effective state Cr content of soil and the Cr content of maize grains was ammonium sulfite-calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer-potassium chloride, which could achieve similar reductions as the two conditioners, while it also had a certain reduction effect on the Cr content in maize roots and straws and on the aboveground bioconcentration factor（BCF） and the root-to-straw translocation factor（PTF） of maize for Cr. Therefore, the combination of ammonium sulfite and calcium magnesium phosphate is the best fertilizer combination to block the absorption of Cr by maize and has some implications for the fertilization of farmland under acidic soil conditions of Cr contamination.

The total ionizing dose (TID) effect significantly impacts the electrical parameters of fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) devices and even invalidates the on-off function of devices. At present, most of the irradiation research on the circuit level is focused on the single event effect, and the research on the total ionizing dose effect is very little. Therefore, this study mainly analyzes the influence of TID effects on a CMOS inverter circuit based on 22 nm FDSOI transistors. First, we constructed and calibrated an N-type FDSOI metal-oxide semiconductor (NMOS) structure and P-type FDSOI metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) structure. The transfer characteristics and trapped charge distribution of these devices were studied under different irradiation doses. Next, we studied the TID effect on an inverter circuit composed of these two MOS transistors. The simulation results show that when the radiation dose is 400 krad (Si), the logic threshold drift of the inverter is approximately 0.052 V. These results help further investigate the impact on integrated circuits in the irradiation environment.

In order to formulate a reasonable water input model for cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, scientific and rational fertilization, reduce soil carbon leaching, and improve soil carbon sequestration capacity, the undisturbed soil column leaching test was used to simulate the current field management method in the study area. Two methods of drip irrigation and flood irrigation were set up, and three irrigation and three nitrogen fertilizer levels were used to carry out the undisturbed soil column leaching test. The results showed that the amount and mode of water and nitrogen input affected the distribution and leaching loss of organic carbon and inorganic carbon in soil. When the nitrogen application rate increased from 270 kg·hm-2 to 450 kg·hm-2, the leaching loss of soluble organic carbon and soluble inorganic carbon increased significantly. When the water input increased from 6000 m3·hm-2 to 9000 m3·hm-2, the leaching loss of DOC and DIC increased significantly. The carbon leaching loss under drip irrigation was higher than that under flood irrigation. The leaching rates of DOC and DIC were the fastest under the conditions of high water ( 9000 m3·hm-2 ) and high fertilizer ( 450 kg·hm-2 ). It shows that water and nitrogen input and irrigation methods are important factors affecting soil carbon leaching. In the case of excessive water input, long-term high-frequency irrigation is the main factor affecting carbon leaching.

The survey findings reveal that rivers worldwide carry an annual sediment load of 15 billion tons into the sea, and the Yellow River basin alone contributes 1.6 billion tons of sand. Therefore, understanding the science of wind and sand in the Yellow River is crucial to ensuring the safe development of similar basins across China and the world. This study examines the midstream wind and sand area of the Xiliugou tributary, a part of the upper Yellow River. The researchers used a stepped sand collector combined with an anemometer to measure the sand transport flux at 0-50 cm height on various underlying surfaces of the basin. Then, they estimated the amount of wind and sand entering the Yellow River using a function model based on the measured factors. Furthermore, the team analyzed the particle size composition of wind-eroded sand to better understand the principles of wind and sand erosion and accumulation in the basin. The results of the study show that the sand transport flux per unit area varies significantly across different underlying surfaces. Moreover, the contribution of moving sandy land, semi-fixed sand, and fixed sand to wind and sand deposition in the Yellow River basin was 77.08%, 15.30%, and 7.62%, respectively. The vertical change of sand transport rate on the basin's surface demonstrates that the total sand transport rate is an exponential function of wind speed. Based on this relationship, the researchers estimated that the total annual average wind and sand entering the Yellow River basin via the Xiliugou tributary is approximately 8.09×105t. Due to the basin's unique geography and sand source, the particle size composition of wind-eroded sand differs between the east and west sides of the river channel. On the west side, desert sand, mainly fine sand, and very fine sand constitutes the sand source. Conversely, on the east side, sand collected in the riverbed by secondary wind erosion is the primary sand source. Furthermore, human activities have disturbed the grain composition, mainly comprising powder and clay particles. This phenomenon, known as "wind-blown mud and water-washed sand," is evident in this geographical unit. In conclusion, the Yellow River basin still faces significant ecological security hazards. Understanding the coupling relationship between desert-basin-sand and wind is the foundation for effectively controlling wind and sand flow into the Yellow River basin.

Limonene is a valuable monoterpenoid that with diverse applications. Microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable alternative to plant-based extraction, which is prone to hinderance by climate change and acreage. In the present study, the effects on limonene production of carbon source, inoculum, working volume, temperature, pH, dodecane coverage, and media were investigated with engineered strains of Rhodosporidium toruloides. Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the limonene titer was improved from 52.2 to 358.1 mg/L on 250-mL flask, a 586% increase. The optimized medium was MM, with a working volume of 50 mL, inoculum OD600=0.6, 22 °C, pH 6, and dodecane coverage (v/v) of 20%. The results here demonstrated that the R. toruloides could be explored as an efficient limonene producer and facilitate other monoterpenoids biosynthesis with R. toruloides.

For the emerging autonomous swarm technology, from the perspective of systems science and systems engineering, there must be some novel elements and methods to aggregate multiple systems into a group, which distinguish with the general components with specific functions, and we expect to provide the presentation of their existence in the swarm development processes. The inspiration of our methodology origins from the integration of swarm ontology, multi-paradigm modeling, multi-agent system, cyber-physical system, etc. Therefore, we choose the model-driven technology as a framework to acquire an approach of model representation across the multiple levels of abstraction and composition. The autonomous strategic mechanism is defined and formed in parallel with ConOps analysis and systems design, so as to effectively solve the cognitive problem of emergence caused by the nonlinear causation among individual and whole behaviors. This approach highlights to use the MBSE processes and their artifacts to embed the meso mechanism to integrate the operational and the functional, and which means to connect the macro and micro aspects in formalism and so to become a whole with its expected goals, and then to verify and validate within a L-V-C simulation environment.

The shortwave infrared Ge-Si photodetector will become the core device of the LiDAR optical receiver. In order to meet the urgent demand for photodetectors in the LiDAR field, we have designed and produced a 32×32 pixel Ge-Si photodetector array proposed and developed to meet the performance requirements of the detector array. A dark current detection system for fast scanning and detecting large-scale Ge-Si detector arrays is proposed and developed to achieve rapid detection of dark current in each pixel of the detector. The system was used to validate the main performance indicators of the detector array we designed, achieving rapid discrimination of array performance and rapid localization of damaged pixels. The scanning test results show that the average dark current of the detector array chip we designed is at the nano ampere level, and the proportion of bad points is less than 1%. The consistency of the array chip is high, which can meet the requirements of light detection at the receiving end of the LiDAR. This work laid the foundation for our subsequent development of a LiDAR prototype system.

Identifying ambient noise-based (ANb) signatures of streams can help in the estimation of their erosive potential (EP) that promotes reverie landslides and soil losses in the fluvial valleys. This is particularly imperative on flooding or rainy days, leading to stronger erosion-prone conditions (colluvium and boulders) of the valley beds inferred from georadar attribute analysis. Developing such research direction can benefit the local communities, as is the case with the Cerrado region of Brazil, where these phenomena have high destructive potential with social, economic, and climatic implications. For the present study, a seasonal stream in the Federal District of Brazil was investigated by ANb monitoring supported by Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) for site characterization. The ANb monitoring was conducted (at a safe distance) with a seismometer over several durations of dry and rainy conditions. The power spectral density (PSDs) was computed as a function of several variables, including weather conditions (rainfall, wind speed, and pressure), time-frequency spectrograms, and ambient noise displacement root mean square (RMS). This analysis also considered the single station horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR), where rain, wind, pressure, river flow and anthropogenic signatures were evident (at selective frequency ranges). Multi-peaks that emerged on the HVSR curve were further analyzed to identify amplitude and frequency changes, and the three peaks shift on average to a lower position during the rainy period. The GPR amplitude and waveform variation features were attributed to the stratigraphy (i.e., the boundary between valid and invalid regions and coherence value) of the floodplain and regions susceptible to erosion (erosion-prone lithological spots). This approach provides the basis for non-destructive monitoring tools enabling the detection of 'seismic signatures' and weak spots of the fluvial channels for improving environmental management.

Automation of vegetable seedling transplanting has provided opportunities for saving labors and improving productivity. Some changes in seedling agronomy are necessary for efficient transplanting. In this study, the local nursery substrates were added with the herbaceous peat, the sphagnum peat and the coir peat, respectively. Effects of the new compound substrates were investigated on the seedling qualities and the root-substrate strength. In the results, we found that the addition of these horticultural mediums significantly affected the physiochemical properties of the original substrates. Under the same nursery conditions, some appropriate additions could promote the seedling growth. And the deficient or excessive additions were to inhibit the growing development of seedlings and their roots. The corresponding additions would also improve the structural characteristics of the root lumps. Generally, the nursery substrates added with the sphagnum peat were relatively optimized in contribution to the seedling qualities and the root-substrate strength. Especially as the commercial substrate and the sphagnum peat were mixed at the volume ratio of 2:1, the dry matter accumulation of seedlings was 2.18 times more than the original. Their root lumps had the best consolidation strength, which may be an effective application for the necessary qualities of seedlings for automatic transplanting.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, and its infection may cause severe neurodegenerative diseases. The outbreak of ZIKV in 2015 in South American has caused severe human congenital and neurologic disorders. Thus, it is vitally important to figure out inner mechanism of ZIKV infection. Here, our data suggested that the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 38 (USP38) played an important role in host resistance to ZIKV infection, during which ZIKV infection did not affect USP38 expression. Mechanistically, USP38 bound to ZIKV envelope (E) protein through its C-terminal domain and attenuated its K48-linked and K63-linked polyubiquitination, thereby repressed the infection of ZIKV. In addition, we found that the deubiquitinase activity of USP38 was essential to inhibit ZIKV infection, and the mutant that lacked the deubiquitinase activity of USP38 lost ability to inhibit the infection. In conclusion, we found a novel host protein USP38 against ZIKV infection, and this may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of ZIKV infection.

Karst wetlands are being seriously damaged, and protecting it has become an important matter. Karst vegetation is the essential component of wetland and plays an important role in in the ecological functions of wetland ecosystems. Classifying karst vegetation is important for karst wetlands protection and management. This paper addressed to classify karst vegetation in Huixian National Wetland Park, located in China using the improved SegNet Deep-Learning Algorithm and UAV images. This study proposed a method to fuse single-class SegNet models using the maximum probability algorithm for karst vegetation classification, and compared with object-based RF classification and multi-class SegNet classification, respectively. This paper evaluated the performance of multi-class SegNet model and fusion of single-class SegNet model with different EPOCH values for mapping karst vegetation. A new optimized post-classification algorithm was proposed to eliminate the stitching traces caused by SegNet model prediction. The specific conclusions of this paper include the followings:(1) fusion of four single-class SegNet models produced better classification for karst wetland vegetation than multi-class SegNet model, and achieved the highest overall classification accuracy (87.34%); (2) The optimized post-classification algorithm was able to improve prediction accuracy of SegNet model, and it could eliminate splicing traces; (3) The karst wetland vegetation classifications produced by single-class SegNet model outperformed multi-class SegNet model, and improved classification accuracy(F1-Score) between 10%~25%;(4)The EPCOH values and textural feature important impact on karst wetland vegetation classifications. The SegNet model with EPCOH 15 achieved greater classification accuracy(F1-Score) than the model with EPOCH 5 or 10. The textural feature improved improves the capability of the SegNet model for mapping karst vegetation;(5) Fusion of single-class SegNet models and object-based RF model could provide high classifications results for karst wetland vegetation, and both achieved greater 87% overall accuracy.

The influence of the Fe2O3 addition amount on the dephosphorization of hot metal at 1623 K with the slag of the low basicity (CaO/SiO2) of about 1.5 was investigated by using high-temperature laboratorial experiments. With increasing the Fe2O3 addition amount, the contents of [C], [Si], [Mn] and [P] in hot metal at the end of dephosphorization decrease, and the corresponding removal ratios increase. The P2O5 content in slag increases, and the CaO and SiO2 contents in slag decrease. The phosphorus mainly exists in the form of the nCa2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2 solid solution in the phosphorus-rich phase and the value of coefficient n decreases from 20 to 1 with increasing the Fe2O3 addition amount from 5 g to 30 g. With increasing the Fe2O3 addition amount, the oxygen potential and activity at the interface between the slag and hot metal increase. When the oxygen potential and the oxygen activity at the interface are greater than 0.72×10-12 and 7.1×10-3, respectively, the dephosphorization ratio begins to increase rapidly. With increasing the Fe2O3 addition amount to 30 g, the ratio of the Fe2O3 addition amount to theoretical calculation consumption is around 175%, and the dephosphorization ratio reaches the highest value of 83.3%.

Electrical remodelling as a result of the homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2)‐dependent gene regulation was linked to atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF patients with single nucleotide polymorphisms at chromosome 4q25 responded favorably to Class I antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). The possible reasons behind this remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of AADs disopyramide, quinidine, and propafenone on human atrial arrhythmias mediated by Pitx2-induced remodelling, from a single cell to the tissue level, using drug binding models with multi-channel pharmacology. Experimentally calibrated populations of human atrial action potential (AP) models in both sinus rhythm (SR) and Pitx2-induced AF conditions were constructed by using two distinct models to represent morphological subtypes of AP. Multi-channel pharmacological effects of disopyramide, quinidine, and propafenone on ionic currents were considered. Simulated results showed that Pitx2-induced remodelling increased maximum upstroke velocity (dVdtmax) and conduction velocity (CV), and decreased AP duration (APD) and wavelength (WL). At the concentrations tested in this study, these AADs decreased dVdtmax and CV and prolonged APD in the setting of Pitx2-induced AF. Our findings of alterations in WL indicated that quinidine and disopyramide may be more effective against Pitx2-induced AF than propafenone by prolonging WL.

Diabetic patients need long-term and frequent glucose monitoring to assist in insulin intake. The current finger-prick devices are painful and costly which make noninvasive glucose sensors highly demanded. In this review paper, we discuss several advanced electromagnetic (EM) wave based technologies for noninvasive glucose measurement, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, optical coherent tomography (OCT) and microwave sensing. Development and progress of each method are discussed regarding fundamental principle, system setup and experimental results. Despite the promising achievements reported previously, there is no established product to obtain FDA approval or survive marketing test. Limitations and prospects of these techniques are discussed at the end of this review.

Selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was carried out under solvent-free conditions using supported AuPd nanoparticles catalyst, prepared by modified impregnation method (MIm), as efficient catalyst. >99% yield of aniline (AN) was obtained after 15 hours at 90 °C, 3 bar H2 that can be used without any further purification or separation, therefore reducing cost and energy input. Supported AuPd nanoparticles catalyst, prepared by MIm, was found to be active and stable even after 4 recycle experiments whereas the same catalyst prepared by SIm deactivated during the recycle experiments. The most effective catalyst was tested for the chemoselective hydrogenation of 4-chloronitrobenzene (CNB) to 4-chloroaniline (CAN). The activation energy of CNB to CAN was found to be 25 kJ mol-1, while that of CNB to AN was found to be 31 kJ mol-1. Based on this, the yield of CAN was maximized (92%) by lowering the reaction temperature to 25 °C.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, particularly Machine Learning algorithms, becomes increasingly ubiquitous, our abilities to understand and interpret AI and machine learning algorithms are becoming increasingly desirable. Visualization has been used as a common tool to view and understand complex machine learning processes. In this paper, we will focus on developing a general framework for the visualization of machine learning models as a scalar valued multi-dimensional function to help users understand how the models behave over different viewing spaces. We first give a formal definition of the visualization problem. Interpolation-based morphing and subspace sampling techniques are applied to generate various renderings through projections and cross-sections of the model space as 3D surfaces or heatmap images. This method will be applied to two real-world datasets and applications: the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using a human brain networks dataset and a real-world benchmark dataset for predicting home credit default risks. The visualizations show that different machine learning algorithms can behave quite differently under different conditions.

The low-temperature environment significantly inhibits the growth and metabolism of denitrifying bacteria, leading to an excessive concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in sewage treatment plants during the cold season. In this study, an efficient denitrifying strain of heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification(HN-AD) bacteria named HS2 was isolated and screened from industrial sewage of a chemical factory in Inner Mongolia at 8°C. The strain was confirmed to be Achromobacter spiritinus, a colorless rod-shaped bacterium. When cultured with sodium succinate as the carbon source, a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 20-30, a shaking rate of 150-180 r/min, and the initial pH of 6-10, the Strain HS2 exhibited excellent nitrogen removal at 8°C. Through the results of whole-genome sequencing, gene amplification, and gas product detection, the Strain HS2 was determined to possess key enzyme genes in both nitrification and denitrification pathways, suggesting a HN-AD pathway of NH4+-N→NH2OH→NO2--N→NO→N2O→N2. At 8°C, the Strain HS2 could completely remove ammonia nitrogen from industrial sewage with an initial concentration of 127.23 mg/L. Microbial species diversity analysis of the final sewage confirmed Achromobacter sp. as the dominant genus, this indicated that the low-temperature denitrifying strain HS2 plays an important role in nitrogen removal of actual low-temperature sewage.

The increasing enhancement in the modulation accuracy of spatial light modulators has garnered significant attention towards real-time control technology for light fields based on these modulators. It has been empirically demonstrated that this technology possesses a remarkable capability to generate vector beams with arbitrary complex amplitude distributions. Nevertheless, past studies indicate that the generation of only one vector beam at a time has been observed. The simultaneous generation of numerous vector light fields can give rise to several challenges, including compromised picture quality, limited single mode operation, and intricate optical path configurations. In pursuit of this objective, we present a novel methodology that integrates the coding methodology of modified off-axis interferometric holography with the idea of optical superposition. This technique facilitates the concurrent generation of several vector beams. In this study, we present a demonstration of the simultaneous creation of twelve vector beams using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) as a proof of concept. Significantly, this technology has the ability to generate an unlimited quantity of vector light fields concurrently, under the assumption that the resolution of the SLM does not impose any limitations. The findings indicate that the imaging quality achieved by this technology is of a high standard. Furthermore, it is possible to separately control the beam waist radius, topological charge, polarization order, and extra phase of each beam.

The novel ternary composites, BiOBr-TiO2-attapulgite (BTA), were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal and water-bath method, exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance to mul-tiple xanthates. For BTA photocatalyst, TiO2 and BiOBr were uniformly loaded on the surface of acid-activated attapulgite. As a widely used collector in mining processes, sodium ethyl-xanthate (SEX) was selected as the target pollutant due to its high toxicity. The BTA ternary photocatalyst demonstrated significantly higher adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance compared to TiO2 nanoparticles, BiOBr nanosheets, and BiOBr-TiO2 heterojunction. Structural characterization and experimental results indicated that the exceptional photocatalytic degrada-tion efficiency of BTA was mainly attributed to the formation of heterojunction between BiOBr and TiO2, as well as the presence of additional active adsorption sites provided by attapulgite. Free radical scavenging experiments and EPR results confirmed that the photogenerated holes were the predominant active species to photodegrade SEX throughout the entire experiment. The LC-MS results provided insight into potential degradation pathways of SEX. This research demonstrates that BTA, as a novel triple composite material, achieves rapid and complete degradation to 20 mg/L SEX within 20 min. This work presents a novel approach to synthesize mineral-based photo-catalysts, which have broad prospects for application in flotation wastewater treatment.

Cellular locomotion is required for survival, fertility, proper embryonic development, regeneration, and wound healing. Cell migration is a major component of metastasis, which accounts for two-thirds of all solid tumor deaths. While many studies have demonstrated increased energy requirements, metabolic rates, and migration of cancer cells compared to normal cells, few have systematically compared normal and cancer cell migration as well as energy requirements side by side. Thus, we investigated how non-malignant and malignant cells migrate utilizing several cell lines from the breast and lung. Initial screening was done in an unbiased high-throughput manner for the ability to migrate/invade on collagen and/or Matrigel. We unexpectedly observed that all the non-malignant lung cells moved significantly faster than cells derived from lung tumors regardless of growth media used. Given the paradigm-shifting nature of our discovery, we pursued possible mechanisms responsible. Neither mass, cell doubling, nor volume, accounted for the individual speed and track length of the normal cells. Non-malignant cells had higher levels of ATP at premigratory-wound induction stages. Meanwhile, cancer cells also increased ATP at premigratory-wound induction – but not to the levels of the normal cells, indicating the possibility for further therapeutic investigation.

The chromatographic conditions were optimized using headspace gas chromatography, and a simple and rapid method was established for the simultaneous determination of five residual solvents in ursodeoxycholic acid raw materials. The corresponding quality standards were revised. The results showed that the concentration of methanol ranged from 0.06mg/ml to 0.3mg/ml, and the concentrations of acetone, tert butanol, ethyl acetate, and triethylamine showed a good linear relationship with the peak area within the range of 0.1mg/ml to 0.5mg/ml (r=0.999); The quantitation limits for methanol, acetone, tert-butanol, ethyl acetate, and triethylamine were 4.2, 0.9, 1.5, 1, and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively, with detection limits of 1.2, 0.25, 0.025, 0.3, and 0.025 μg/ml, respectively. The recovery rates of each solvent ranged from 92.9% to 106.0%, with RSD% (n=9) less than 3.8%; The method exhibited good repeatability, with RSD% (n=6) less than 2.5%. Furthermore, the durability is good. The established method is simple, accurate, specific, and highly sensitive, and can be used for the simultaneous and rapid determination of five residual solvents in ursodeoxycholic acid raw materials.

The α-glucosidase inhibitor is of interest to researchers due to its association with type-II diabetes treatment by suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. Hesperidin is a major flavonoid in orange fruit with diverse biological properties. This paper evaluates the effects of hesperidin on α-glucosidase through inhibitory kinetics, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking methods for the first time. The inhibition kinetic analysis showed that hesperidin reversibly inhibited the α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 18.52 M and the inhibition was performed in an uncompetitive type. Fluorescence quenching studies indicated that the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching process and only one binding site was present between hesperidin and α-glucosidase. The interaction between them was spontaneous and mainly driven by hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic forces. Furthermore, molecular docking results suggested that hesperidin might bond to the entrance or outlet part of the active site of α-glucosidase through a network of five hydrogen bonds formed between hesperidin and the four amino acid residues (Trp709, Arg422, Asn424, and Arg467) of ?-glucosidase and hydrophobic effects. These results provide new insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of hesperidin on α-glucosidase, supporting the potential application of hesperidin-rich orange product as a hypoglycemic functional food.

The investigation on the issue of damage diagnosis based on strain modal parameters is conducted in this paper using simply supported wooden Beams as the study's object. First, ABAQUS is utilized to create finite element models of intact wooden beams as well as wooden beams with varying degrees of damage and perform modal analyses on them. Next, damage identification studies are conducted on the wooden beam structure using various strain modal parameters (strain mode strain modal difference, strain modal curvature difference), the timber beam damage identification test then yields the modal parameters of timber beams under various damage situations, and the test findings are contrasted with those of the numerical simulation. The outcomes demonstrate that the damage identification of the test data using the three types of damage identification indexes is consistent with the results of the numerical simulation; the three types of damage identification indexes can locate the damage to timber beams, but the identification effect of the indexes is different, the best-recognized metric is the strain mode curvature difference; the next best is the strain mode difference, and the worst is the strain modes. The study's findings can serve as a guide for future damage detection on wood beams.

In China, the demand for rabbit meat is also increasing, and the production for rabbit meat is important. However, the underlying mechanisms of regulate skeletal muscle growth and development in rabbits remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes related to skeletal muscle growth in rabbits and explore their potential regulatory mechanisms. RNA-seq technique was used to compare the differences of skeletal muscle transcriptome in Fujian white rabbits at different developmental stages (day 20 and 26 of embryos and birth 1, 30 and 60-day-olds) with a total of 25 individual selected. A total of 9737 DEGs that were acquired from the five groups were annotated into three ontologies of the GO database: biological process (BP), cell component (CC), and molecular function (MF). For KEGG analysis, there are 8249 genes were enriched in 1148 pathways, of which 67 pathways were significantly enriched, mainly in Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the PPAR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway. Among all comparison groups, SE was the most abundant AS event. Real-time PCR verified that the expression patterns of differential genes were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. These results will provide a molecular regulation mechanism of muscle growth and development in Fujian white rabbits, and should serve an important theoretical basis for improving meat performance and growth rate of Chinese local meat rabbit breeds.

Photoacoustic technology is a promising tool to provide morphological and functional information in biomedical research. To enhance the imaging efficiency, the reported photoacoustic probes have been designed coaxially involving complicated optical/acoustic prisms to bypass the opaque piezoelectric layer of ultrasound transducers, but leading to bulky probes and hindering the applications in limited space. Though the emergence of transparent piezoelectric materials helps to save the effort on the coaxial design, the reported transparent ultrasound transducers were still bulky. In this work, a miniature photoacoustic probe with an outer diameter of 4 mm was developed, in which an acoustic stack was made of the combination of transparent piezoelectric material and gradient-index lens as a backing layer. The transparent ultrasound transducer exhibited a high center frequency of ~47 MHz and a -6 dB bandwidth of 29.4%, which could be easily assembled with a pigtailed ferrule of a single-mode fiber. The multi-functional capability of the probe was successfully validated through the experiments of fluid flow sensing and photoacoustic imaging.

In past years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be found in every aspect of life, and batteries, as energy storage systems (ESSs), need to offer electric vehicles (EVs) more competition to be accepted in markets for automobiles. Thick electrode design could reduce the use of non-active materials in batteries that its energy density would be improved and its cost would be cut. However, thick electrodes are limited by their weak mechanical stability and poor electrochemical performance, these limitations could be classified as the critical cracking thickness (CCT) and the limited penetration depth (LPD). The understanding of the CCT and the LPD have been proposed and the recent works on breaking the CCT and improving the LPD are listed in this article. By comprising these attempts, some thick electrodes could not offer higher mass loading or higher accessible areal capacity that would defeat the purpose.

Background: Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is tolerant to salinity stress and has high economic value. The salt tolerance mechanisms of Jerusalem artichoke are still unclear. Especially in the early stage of Jerusalem artichoke exposure to salt stress, the plant physiology, biochemistry and gene transcription are likely to undergo large changes. Elucidating these changes may be of great significance to understanding the salt tolerance mechanisms of it. Results: We obtained high-quality transcriptome from leaves and roots of Jerusalem artichoke exposed to salinity (300 mM NaCl) for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, with 150,129 unigenes and 9023 DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes). The RNA-seq data were clustered into time-dependent groups (nine clusters each in leaves and roots); gene functions were distributed evenly among the groups convergence. KEGG enrichment analysis showed the genes related to plant hormone signal transduction were enriched in almost all treatment comparisons. Under salt stress, genes belongs to PYL (abscisic acid receptor PYR / PYL family), PP2C (Type 2C protein phosphatases), GH3 (Gretchen Hagen3), ETR (ethylene receptor), EIN2/3 (ethylene-insensitive protein 2/3), JAZ (Genes such as jasmonate ZIM-domain gene) and MYC2 (Transcription factor MYC2) had extremely similar expression patterns. The results of qPCR of 12 randomly selected genes confirmed the accuracy of RNA-seq. Conclusions: Under the impact of high salinity (300mM) environment, Jerusalem artichoke in the seedling stage was difficult to survive for a long time, and the phenotype was severe in the short term. Based on the expression of genes on the time scale, we found that the distribution of gene functions in time is relatively even. Upregulation of the phytohormone signal transduction had a crucial role in the response of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings to salt stress, the genes of abscisic acid, auxin, ethylene, and jasmonic acid had the most obvious change pattern.

The microstructure and solidification behavior of nickel based GTD222 superalloy at different cooling rates are studied. The solidification of the GTD222 superalloy proceeds as follows: L→L+γ, L→L+γ+MC, L→L+(γ/γ ′)-Eutectic and L→η phase. The temperature of liquidus of GTD222 superalloy is 1360 °C while the solidus is slightly lower at 1310 °C, which due to the alloying elements redistribution. It was found that the dendrite arm spacing of the alloy decreased with the increase of cooling rate (From 200 μm at 2.5 K/min to 100 μm at 20 K/min).

Satellite altimeters have been used to monitor river and reservoir water levels, from which water storage estimates can be derived. Inland water altimetry can therefore play an important role in continental water resource management. Traditionally, satellite altimeters were designed to monitor homogeneous surfaces such as oceans or ice sheets, resulting in a poor performance over small inland water bodies due to the contribution from land contamination in the returned waveforms. The advent of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimetry (with its improved along-track spatial resolution) has enabled the measurement of inland water levels with a better accuracy and an increased spatial resolution. This paper presents three specialized algorithms or retrackers to retrieve water levels from SAR altimeter data over inland water bodies dedicated to minimizing land contamination from the waveforms. The performances of the proposed waveform portion selection method with three retrackers, namely, the threshold retracker, Offset Centre of Gravity (OCOG) retracker and 2-step physical-based retracker, are compared. Time series of water levels are retrieved for water bodies in the Ebro River basin (Spain). The results show good agreement with in situ measurements from the Ebro Reservoir (width is approximately 1.8 km) and Ribarroja Reservoir (width is approximately 400 m) with un-biased root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of approximately 0.28 m and 0.16 m, respectively. The performances of all three retrackers are also compared with the European Space Agency’s ocean retracker in the Sentinel-3 Level-2 product.

Previous investigations have illuminated the significant association between the gut microbiome and a broad spectrum of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and psychiatric disorders. Evidence from certain studies suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may play a role in the etiology of obesity and diabetes. Moreover, it is acknowledged that dietary habits, pharmacological interventions, psychological stress, and other exogenous factors can substantially influence the gut microbial composition. For instance, a diet rich in fiber has been demonstrated to increase the population of beneficial bacteria, whereas the consumption of antibiotics can reduce these advantageous microbial communities. In light of the established correlation between the gut microbiome and various pathologies, strategically altering the gut microbial profile represents an emerging therapeutic approach. This can be accomplished through the administration of probiotics or prebiotics, which aim to refine the gut microbiota and, consequently, mitigate the manifestations of associated diseases. The present manuscript evaluates recent literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome published over the past three years and anticipates future directions in this evolving field.

A method based on ferroelectric dipole to enhance surface charge density of triboelectric generator was proposed. By using the ferroelectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a positive charge trap was formed in the triboelectric layer to enhance the electric generating performance of the triboelectric material, so as to improve the surface charge density of the triboelectric nanogenerator. The PVDF film was fabricated by casting and uniaxial tensile process, and integrated into the triboelectric nanogenerator with vertical separation structure. The influences of the embedding direction, thickness and polarization intensity of the PVDF film on the output of the triboelectric nanogenerator were systematically studied. The results showed that the embedded PVDF piezoelectric film with a thickness of 100 µm and a maximum polarization electric field of 90 MV/m increased the peak power of the triboelectric nanogenerator by 2.6 times. This work has provided a new insight into regulating the properties of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

Antibiotic-loaded bone cements are widely used in orthopedic surgery. However, they present issues such as a short antibiotic release time and the antibiotic resistance. These challenges necessitate the development of novel antibacterial bone cements. Non-leaching bone cement containing antibacterial motifs represents a promising advancement in this direction. Antibacterial motifs are incorporated into the cement either covalently or non-covalently, and while they will not be released, they will still exhibit surface antibacterial activity. This review comprehensively examines the structure and antimicrobial activity of prevalent non-leaching antimicrobial bone cements. Additionally, it delves into the characteristics of current methods employed for detecting surface antimicrobial activity. Finally, the future research direction of non-leaching antibacterial bone cement is discussed, with a specific focus on innovative antibacterial motifs, the mechanisms underlying non-leaching antibacterial properties, and the potential synergies achievable by combining non-leaching antibacterial bone cement with traditional antibiotics.

The control of alumina morphology is crucial yet challenging for its various applications. Un-fortunately, traditional methods for preparing alumina particles suffer from several limitations such as irregular morphology, poor dispersibility, and restricted application areas. In this study, we develop a novel method for preparing spherical mesoporous alumina using chitin and Plu-ronic P123 as mixed templates. The effects of reaction temperature, time, and the addition of mixed templates on the phase structure, micromorphology, and optical absorption properties of the samples were investigated. The experimental results indicate that lower temperature and shorter reaction time facilitated the formation of spherical mesoporous alumina with excellent CO2 adsorption capacity. The periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that both (110) and (100) surfaces of γ-Al2O3 can strongly adsorb CO2. The difference in the amount of CO2 adsorbed by Al2O3 is mainly due to the different surface areas, which give dif-ferent number of exposed active sites. This approach introduces a novel strategy for utilizing bi-ological compounds to synthesize spherical alumina and greatly enhances mesoporous alu-mina's application efficiency in adsorption fields. Moreover, the study explored the electro-chemical performance of the synthesized product using cyclic voltammetry and discovered im-proved loading of electrocatalysts and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.

A novel fluorescent probe (C460@Tb-MOFs) was designed and synthesized through encapsulating the fluorescent dye 7-diethylamino-4-methyl coumarin into terbium-based metal-organic framework by a simple ultrasonic impregnation method. It is impressive that this dye-modified metal-organic framework can specifically detect styrene and temperature upon luminescence quenching. The sensing platform of this material exhibit great selectivity, fast response and good cyclability toward styrene detection. It is worth mentioning that the sensing process undergoes a distinct color change from blue to colourless, providing conditions for accurate visual detection of styrene liquid and gas. The significant fluorescence quenching mechanism of styrene toward C460@Tb-MOFs is explored in detail. Moreover, the dye-modified metal-organic framework can also achieve temperature sensing from 298 to 498 K with high relative sensitivity at 498 K. The preparation of functionalized MOFs composites by fluorescent dyes provides an effective strategy for the construction of sensors for multifunctional applications.

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) have become the most widely used insecticides in the world since the mid-1990s. According to Chinese dietary habits, rice and water are usually heated before being consumed, but the information about the alteration through the heat treatment process is very limited. In this study, the parents of NEOs (p-NEOs) accounted for >99% of the total NEOs mass (∑NEOs) in both uncooked (median: 66.8 ng/g) and cooked (median: 41.4 ng/g) rice samples from Guangdong Province, China, while the metabolites of NEOs (m-NEOs) involved in this study accounted for less than 1%. We aimed to reveal the concentration changes of NEOs through heat treatment process, thus, several groups of rice and water samples from Guangdong were cooked and boiled, respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) reductions in acetamiprid, imidacloprid (IMI), thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam (THM) have been observed after the heat treatment of the rice samples. In water samples, the concentrations of THM and dinotefuran decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after the heat treatment. These results indicate the degradation of p-NEOs and m-NEOs during the heat treatment process. However, the concentrations of IMI increased significantly in tap water samples (p < 0.05) after heat treatment process, which might be caused by the potential IMI precursors in those industrial pesticide products. The concentrations of NEOs in rice and water can be shifted by the heat treatment process, so this process should be considered in relevant human exposure studies.

Ecological connectivity, as a research method related to spatial ecology and conservation biology, has attracted increasing attention from researchers at home and abroad in recent years. Habitat connectivity, as a key link in ecological connectivity, is of great significance to promote offshore ecological restoration and protection. However, there has been less systematic research about habitat connectivity, which lacks corresponding theories and practices. Therefore, this paper discusses habitat connectivity from three aspects: (1) the concept of habitat connectivity is introduced and clarified, (2) the application of connectivity in artificial habitat and adjacent waters and its relationship with biodiversity conservation are reviewed and illustrated with examples, and (3) the future development trends of this research direction are summarized and prospected, in order to provide a scientific basis and useful reference for the related work of offshore restoration projects in China. Generally, this paper argues that an increase in human behavior irreversibly destroys the connectivity of marine habitats and threatens the temporal scales of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore, the theoretical research results and practical experience of ecological connectivity should be fully applied to marine ecosystems, and the restoration of degraded ecosystems should be encouraged and supported in ways that promote natural recovery.

Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a valuable freshwater prawn in Asian aquaculture. In recent years, a new symptom that was generally called as ‘white head’ caused high mortality in M. rosenbergii farms in China. Samples of M. rosenbergii, M. nipponense, Procambarus clarkii, M. superbum, Penaeus vannamei, and Cladocera from a farm suffering from ‘white head’ in Jiangsu Province were collected and analyzed in this study. Pathogen detection showed that all samples were positive for Shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus (SHIV). Histopathological examination revealed dark eosinophilic inclusions and pyknosis in hematopoietic tissue, hepatopancreas and gills of M. rosenbergii and M. nipponense. Blue signals of in situ DIG-labeled LAMP (ISDL) appeared in hematopoietic tissue, hemocytes, hepatopancreatic sinus, and antennal gland. TEM of ultrathin sections showed a large number of SHIV particles with a mean diameter about 157.9 nm. The virogenic stromata and budding virions were observed in hematopoietic cells. Quantitative detection by TaqMan probe based real-time PCR of different tissues in natural infected M. rosenbergii showed that hematopoietic tissue contained the highest SHIV load with a relative abundance of (25.4±16.9)%. Hepatopancreas and muscle contained the lowest SHIV load with a relative abundance at (2.44±1.24)% and (2.44±2.16)%, respectively. Above results verified that SHIV is the pathogen causing ‘white head’ in M. rosenbergii, and M. nipponense and Pr. clarkii are also the susceptible species of SHIV.

The study aims to explore gender differences in smoking and drinking in three Asian cities—Hanoi, Shanghai and Taipei, and assesses the magnitude of these gender differences across cities. A total of 17,016 adolescents and young adults, aged 15 to 24 years, residing in both urban and rural area of Hanoi, Shanghai and Taipei were selected by multistage sampling methods and surveyed by face to face interview. The gender differences are significant for smoking-only, drinking-only, and both behaviors in each city. With respect to smoking-only, males are more than 30.66 times as likely to report it compared with females in Hanoi, followed by Shanghai and Taipei. The above trend holds true when further examining drinking-only and both smoking and drinking. The magnitude of gender differences in smoking-only, drinking-only, and both behaviors widely vary across the three cities. Future research is needed to further examine the mechanisms behind these gender differences and how these differences may be utilized to prevent and reduce smoking and drinking in the adolescent and young adult population.

A series of novel chiral nonmetallocene pincer-type rare earth metal dialkyl complexes bearing the chiral monoanionic tridentate C2-symmetric 1,3-bis(oxazolinymethylidene)isoindoline (BOXMI) ligand (BOXMI)Ln(CH2SiMe3)2 1-3 (1, Ln = Sc, yield = 57%; 2, Ln = Lu, yield = 55%; 3, Ln = Y, yield = 62%) have been prepared in moderate yields via the acid-base reaction between the BOXMI ligand and rare earth metal tri(trimethylsilylmethyl) complexes. The X-ray diffractions show that both of the complexes 1 and 2 contain one Boxmi ligand and two trimethylsilylmethyl ligands, adopting a distorted-trigonal-bipyramidal configuration. In the presence of cocatalyst such as borate and AlR3, these complexes 1-3 exhibit high activities up to 6.8 × 104 (g of polymer)/(molLn h) and high cis-1,4-selectivities up to 97%) in the polymerization of isoprene in toluene, yielding the cis-1,4-polyisoprenes with high molecular weights (Mn up to 710000 g/mol) and bimodal molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 2.0-4.5).

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease characterized by its high expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and near absence in adult normal tissues and benign lesions. This unique expression pattern positions FAP as a prospective biomarker for targeted tumor radiodiagnosis and therapy. The advent of FAP-based radiotheranostics is anticipated to revolu-tionize cancer management. Among various types of FAP ligands, peptides and antibodies, have shown advantages over small molecules, exemplifying prolonged tumor retention in human volunteers. Within its scope, this review summarizes the recent research progress of the FAP radiopharmaceuticals based on antibodies and peptides, on tumor imaging and therapy. Additionally, it incorporates insights from recent studies, providing valuable perspectives on the clinical utility of FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals.

Muscle fatigue caused by using staplers affects the surgical procedures of surgeons. Compared to manual staplers, electric staplers decrease the muscle fatigue by replacing repeated gripping and releasing with automatic model. Still powered by the battery, the electric staplers are confronted with new operation fatigue due to the extra weight of the battery. The weight and manual operation of the electric stapler can cause user's muscle fatigue. To tackle the unsettled fatigue issue, the study is to propose a new design method to offset the influence of extra weight of the battery attached to the electrical stapler by changing the opening and closing of the stapler end clamp to electric control. The purpose of this study is to verify whether the design of this electric stapler can offset the impact of weight. Experiments are set up to test the feasibility of the design on 12 male Chinese surgeons. The muscle fatigue is indicated by measuring the EMG (electromyography) signal, and the stapler's working effect is indicated by measuring the end movement of the stapler. The result shows the new-designed stapler reduce the operation fatigue, counteracting the impact of the battery weight.

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was most important flame retardant in Expanded Polystyrene foam and Extruded Polystyrene foam in the past forty years in the world. China was the major producer and user of HBCD, and the total HBCD production was about 0.3 million tons. Although HBCD has been completely banned in China in 2021 because of its long-range transport, bioaccumulation and toxicity, there's still a lot of residues in environment. Therefore, we reviewed multiple studies concerning the distribution of HBCD in diverse environmental matrices, such as air, dust, soil, water, sediment and biota. Results revealed that HBCD levels in different environments in China present a geographical variation and were at high level compared with other countries. In all environmental media, relatively high HBCD concentrations have been found in industrial and urban areas. Industrialization and urbanization are two important factors that influence the concentration and distribution of HBCD in the environment. In terms of isomer, γ-HBCD was the dominant isomer in soil, water, and sediment, while in the biota, α-HBCD was the predominant isomer.

Permeable asphalt pavement refers to an asphalt mixture layer with an air void content of more than 18% and internal water permeability and drainage capabilities, which can quickly drain away water on the road surface, improve rainy day travel safety and ride comfort. This paper aims to explore the optimal asphalt mixture mix design for long longitudinal slope roads. By using CT scanning technology to analyze the air void content of different rotated and compacted asphalt mixture specimens, and extensively testing and evaluating the performance of permeable pavement mixtures, the following conclusions are drawn: Based on the research philosophy of functional integration, a new asphalt mixture gradation suitable for long longitudinal slope roads is proposed, with the optimal key factor composition being: 0.075mm passing rate of 7%, 2.36mm passing rate of 20%, 9.5mm passing rate of 55%, and oil-stone ratio of 4.8%. The FAM mixture was divided into three parts for air void analysis, with the upper part having a slightly higher air void content than the lower part. The air void distribution diagram of the FAM mixture is concave, with higher air void rate curves on both sides and a lower middle curve. Compared with laboratory dry measurement method, CT scanning test showed slightly higher air void content in specimens. Through dynamic modulus testing, the strength requirement for road asphalt mixture in pavement structure design was evaluated. It was found that at high temperature conditions (50℃), the minimum dynamic modulus value of the FAM mixture was 323 MPa, with a peak value of 22746MPa at a temperature of -10℃ and a frequency of 25HZ. The dynamic modulus value at high temperature conditions is lower than at low temperature conditions, while the dynamic modulus value at high frequency conditions is higher than at low frequency conditions. This study provides useful information and experimental data for the design of new asphalt mixtures for long longitudinal slope roads, and has conducted in-depth research on the air void distribution and performance of the mixture, providing strong support for related research fields and practical applications.

As a radiant light source within the dynamic range of most spacecraft payloads, the moon pro-vides an excellent reference for on-orbit radiometric calibration. This research hinges on the pre-cise simulation of lunar spectral irradiances and the Earth-based Moon observation geometry. The paper leverages the Hapke model to simulate the temporal changes in lunar spectral irradi-ances, utilizing datasets obtained from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC). The re-search also details the transformation process from the lunar geographic coordinate system to the instantaneous projection coordinate system, thereby delineating the necessary observational geometry. The insights offered by this study have the potential to enhance future in-orbit space-craft calibration procedures, thereby boosting the fidelity of data gathered from satellite obser-vations.

This work presents an LC resonant passive wireless gas sensor with a novel structure designed to mitigate the negative impact of substrate. The LC sensor antenna with the new structure and the reader antenna were designed and optimized utilizing HFSS software to improve the transfer efficiency. The superiority of the designed structure compared with the general ones is highlighted and verified. The change in the substrate capacitance has essentially no interference with the parameters to be measured of the LC sensor. The sensor with the new structure was prepared by combining etching and sputtering methods. The structure of the ZnO nanowires (NWs) was characterized to confirm their high purity and wurtzite crystal structure. The LC gas sensors demonstrated excellent wireless sensing performance including a low detection limit of 0.5 ppm NO2, high response of 1.058 and outstanding stability at 180 °C. The developed new sensor structure not only prevented interference from the substrate during gas sensing testing, but also expanded the choice of sensor substrates, playing a critical role in the development of sensors based on LC resonance principle.

KDEL receptor-1 maintains homeostasis in the early secretory pathway by capturing and retrieving ER-chaperones to the ER during heavy secretory activity. We have previously shown that a Golgi scaffolding protein (ACBD3) facilitates KDEL receptor localization at the Golgi via regulating cargo wave-induced cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling pathway. Unexpectedly, a fraction of the receptor is also known to reside in the plasma membrane as a stress response, although it is largely unknown exactly how KDEL receptor gets exported from the Golgi and travels to the PM. In this study, we sought to investigate the mechanism by which KDEL receptor gets exported from the Golgi en route to the PM and identified two crucial factors that greatly influence post-Golgi trafficking of KDEL receptor. We show here that ACBD3 depletion results in significantly increased trafficking of KDEL receptor to the PM via Rab4-positive tubular carriers emanating from the Golgi. Expression of constitutively activated Rab4 mutant (Q72L) increases surface expression of KDEL receptor up to 2~3-fold, whereas expression of GDP-locked Rab4 mutant (S27N) inhibits KDEL receptor localization to the PM. Importantly, KDELR trafficking from the Golgi to the PM is independent of PKA- and Src Kinase-mediated mechanism. Taken together, these results reveal that ACBD3 and Rab4-GTP are key players at the Golgi in regulating KDEL receptor trafficking to the cell surface.

In the post-PARP inhibitor era, potential changes in tumor biology after maintenance therapy have not been well investigated in recurrent ovarian cancer. We reported a case with alterations in the clinical and histological features of multiple relapsed disease associated with PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy. The patient with high-grade serous carcinoma exhibited BRCA wildtype and homologous recombination proficiency status, and suffered from three recurrences and surgeries accordingly. Olaparib maintenance had been used during the second-line therapy. We compared the differences in clinics and pathology among three recurrences and relapsed lesions. Disease-free survivals were dramatically decreased after the exposure to olaparib. At exploration of quaternary cytoreduction, the relapsed tumor was characterized by a carcinomatosis-like metastasis pattern and an easy tendency of bleeding. Tumor cytopathological changes and alterations were observed in both the tumoral and non-tumoral stroma, among relapsed tumor tissues derived from secondary, tertiary and quaternary cytoreduction. Histopathology indicated hemorrhage, necrosis, atypical tumor cells, massive angiogenesis, and decreased CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly in the third relapsed disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show a unique metastatic pattern of angiogenic burst after PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer, which seemed to trigger invasive tumor growth and immune suppression. Further prospective studies and translational research focusing cytoreductive surgery after PARP inhibitor could progressively lead to an understanding of the biological behavior and metastatic patterns.

The COVID-19 pandemic has now become very severe as never before due to the overwhelming spread of Omicron. We found that Omicron outbreak can be effectively prevented by inactivated vaccines, which averted an outbreak of more than 1.6 million people in Hangzhou, China. The 36 mutations in the target spike protein of Omicron neutralizing antibody enable it to evade the immune protection afforded by vaccines. This is because that mRNA and adenovirus-vector vaccines are designed to recognize the spike (S) glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strain. However, Inactivated vaccines contain the whole viral antigens and remain stable in their recognition of newly emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our study confirmed the advantage of inactivated vaccines in the face of highly mutated Omicron variant and provided a basis for the development of effective vaccines to prevent future long-term transmission, mutation and recurrence of SARS-CoV-2.

Polymer adhesives have emerged as a promising dielectric passivation layer in hybrid bonding for 3D integration while they raise misalignment problems during curing. In this work, the synergistic effect of oxygen plasma surface activation and wetting is utilized to achieve bonding between completed cured polyimides. The optimized process achieves a void-less bonding with a maximum shear strength of 35.3 MPa at a low temperature of 250 °C in merely 2 min, significantly shortening the bonding period and decreasing thermal stress. It is found that the plasma activation generated hydrophilic groups on the polyimide surface, and the wetting process further introduced more -OH groups and water molecular on the activated polyimide surface. The synergistic process of plasma activation and wetting facilitate bridging polyimide interfaces to achieve bonding, providing an alternative path for adhesive bonding in 3D integration.

We demonstrated the role of natural probiotics 3L, 3 Lactobacilli, in the establishment of a strong and sustainable beneficial healthy gut flora, after chemotherapy through experimental results through in vivo model. Using rat CTX model (immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide), we suggested some new adjuvant to chemotherapy as drugs + lactobacillus treament. Further, we proposed a new probiotic formulation (L. acidophilus + L. casei + L. plantarum) to be explored in the prevention of health condition loss by alteration of the general immune system, in numerous studies that reported the use of probiotics involving Lactobacillus in the post-chemo or post-surgical procedures. Here, in our study, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to generate sequencing data from microbial genomic DNA libraries, which is appreciable to check for the effects of 3L on bacteria. Microbiome analysis, phylogenetic and classification reports, community data have supported the experiments and the results where 3L had strong beneficial effects on the microbiome. Further, the influence on specific metabolic pathways are assisted in deriving the conclusion of the study (use of 3L for cancer therapy) to the mode of action, mechanistically by correcting microbiota composition and enhancing specific gut metabolic functions.

Bees (Apoidea), the largest and most crucial radiation of pollinators, play a vital role in ecosystem balance. Transposons are widely distributed in nature and are important drivers of species diversity. However, transposons are rarely reported in important pollinators such as bees. Here, we surveyed 37 genomes in Apoidea, annotated the pogo and Tc1/mariner transposons in the genome of each species and performed a phylogenetic analysis to determine their overall distribution. The pogo and Tc1/mariner families showed high diversity and low abundance in the 37 species, and their proportion was significantly higher in solitary bees than in social bees. DD34D/mariner was found to be distributed in almost all species and was found in Apis mellifera, Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera caucasica and Apis mellifera mellifera and Euglossa dilemma may still be active. Using horizontal transfer analysis, we found that DD30D/Tigger, DD33D/Tigger and DD34D/mariner may have experienced horizontal transfer events. The current study displayed the evolution profiles (including diversity, activity, and abundance) of the pogo and Tc1/mariner transposons across 37 species of Apoidea. Our data revealed their contributions to the genomic variations across these species and facilitated in understanding of the genome evolution of this lineage.

Biological micro-dissection has a wide range of applications in the field of molecular pathology. The current laser-assisted dissection technology is expensive, and laser radiation can lead to sample contamination. As an economical and pollution-free micro-dissection method, piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-dissection has a wide application prospect. However, the performance of the current piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-dissection technology is unsatisfactory. In this paper, a novel piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-dissection device based on a flexure mechanism is proposed in order to solve the problems of low dissecting precision and excessive wear of the dissecting needle caused by the harmful lateral vibration of the current piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-dissection device. By analyzing the flexibility of flexure hinge, the type of flexure beam and the optimal design parameters are determined. Through comparing the harmonic response simulation analysis of the micro-dissection device based on a flexure mechanism and the traditional micro-dissection device without the flexure mechanism, the newly designed micro-dissection device achieves the best vibration effect when the driving frequency is 28kHz, compared with the traditional micro-dissection device, the lateral vibration suppression effect is improved by 68%. Then, based on the 3D printing technology, a prototype of a novel micro-dissection device was produced, and its performance was tested. It was found that the flexure mechanism did indeed suppress the lateral vibration of the needle tip. Finally, the experiments of 5μm thick paraffin-embedded rat liver sections were carried out, and the effects of different dissecting parameters on the dissecting effect were analyzed, and the optimal dissecting parameters were obtained. By comparing the dissecting effects of the tissue sample and the wear condition of the needle tip between the novel micro-dissection device and the traditional micro-dissection device under their optimal dissecting parameters, it is proved that the suppression of harmful lateral vibration not only significantly improves the dissecting effect, but also improves the service life and durability of the dissecting needle, which is beneficial to reduce the equipment costs.

We report fabrication of crystalline microresonators of high quality (Q) factors with a controllable wedge angle on lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). Our technique relies on femtosecond laser assisted chemo-mechanical polish which allows us to achieve ultrahigh surface smoothness as critically demanded by high Q microresonator applications. We show that by refining the polish parameters, Q factors as high as 4.7 × 10⁷ can be obtained and the wedge angle of the LNOI can be continuously tuned from 9° to 51°.

Subsoil tillage loosens compacted soil for better plant growth, but promotes water loss, which is a concern in areas commonly irrigated. Therefore, our objective was to determine the physiological responses of high yield spring corn (Zea mays L.) to Subsoil tillage depth when grown in the western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia that leads to the best water use efficiency. The experiment during 2014 and 2015 used Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 with three differing subsoil tillage depths (30, 40, or 50 cm) as trial factor and shallow rotary as a control. Subsoil tillage increased shoot dry matter accumulation, leading to a greater shoot/root ratio. Subsoil tillage helped retain greater leaf area index in each growth stage, increase the leaf area duration, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate, with greater effects as tillage was deeper, effectively delaying the aging of the blade. Grain yields were increased by 0.7%–8.9% on average in subsoil tillage treatments compared to conventional soil treatment shallow rotary, Water use efficiency were increased by 1.93%–18.49% on average in subsoil tillage treatment compared to shallow rotary, resulting in net income increases by 2.24% to 6.97% compared to shallow rotary. Among the three different subsoil tillage depth treatment, the grain yield, water use efficiency, and net income is the best under the treatment of subsoil tillage depth of 50 cm.

When extract building from high resolution remote sensing image with meter/sub-meter accuracy, the shade of trees and interference of roads are the main factors of reducing the extraction accuracy. Proposed a Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks(BCNET) model base on standard fully convolutional networks(FCN) to solve these problems. First take building with no shade or artificial removal of shade as Sample-A, woodland as Sample-B, road as Sample-C. Set up 3 sample libraries. Learn these sample libraries respectively, get their own set of feature vector; Mixture Gauss model these feature vector set, evaluate the conditional probability density function of mixture of noise object and roofs; Improve the standard FCN from the 2 aspect:(1) Introduce atrous convolution. (2) Take conditional probability density function as the activation function of the last convolution. Carry out experiment using unmanned aerial vehicle(UVA) image, the results show that BCNET model can effectively eliminate the influence of trees and roads, the building extraction accuracy can reach 97%.

A series of novel sulfonylurea benzothiazoline were designed by splicing active groups and bioisosterism. A solvent-free synthetic route was developed for the sulfonylurea benzothiazoline derivatives via the cyclization and carbamylation. All the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS. The biological activity tests indicated the compounds could protect maize against the injury caused by chlorsulfuron to some extent. The molecular docking result showed that the new compound competed with chlorosulfuron to bind with the herbicide target enzyme active site to attain detoxification.

Flower bud formation and flowering in chrysanthemum occur under short day conditions (SD), but the molecular basis for the switch to reproductive growth is less well understood than in model plants. Here, a spontaneous mutant able to flower under long days is described. In an attempt to reveal the pathway(s) involved in the formation of flower buds under contrasting daylengths, transcriptome sequencing was carried out in plants grown both under SD and under long day conditions (LD). A number of differentially transcribed genes involved in the various known flowering pathways were identified. Both circadian clock genes and CmFTL3 were up-regulated under SD, thereby inducing floral bud formation and flowering. The gibberellin (GA) signalling pathway-related genes GA20ox and GID1 were up-regulated in the mutant under LD, while the catabolic gene GA2ox and GAI was down-regulated, thereby inducing the transcription of CmFTL1, SOC1 and LFY. The GA content of the leaf was higher in the mutant than in the wild type under LD. When treated with GA, the mutant flowered earlier under both SD and LD, but there was no other detectable phenotype difference between the two lines. The indication was that the photoperiod pathway majorly regulates flower bud formation and flowering time in chrysanthemum under SD. GA signalling pathway only plays a subsidiary role for flowering. However, the GA signalling pathway predominated for flowering under LD.

In order to obtain stable and reliable configuration transformation ability, reliability optimization design is regarded as an effective way to reduce the probability of kinematic function failure for the constrained metamorphic mechanism. Based on the structural composition principle of multi-configuration source metamorphic mechanism that can operate in an under-actuated state, the modularized calculation methods are established for the force analysis of augmented Assur groups including metamorphic kinematic joints. According to the equivalent resistance gradient model of metamorphic mechanisms, with considering the uncertainties in the link dimensions, masses, and compliance parameters et al, a probabilistic evaluation method for describing the configuration transformation ability of the constrained metamorphic mechanism is established. Based on reliability evaluation and reliability sensitivity analysis, a reliability optimization design method for improving the configuration transformation ability is proposed, and then the optimization design is carried out for tolerances of random variables focusing on those structural parameters with higher reliability sensitivity, so that the optimized results can satisfy the requirements of both reliability and economic simultaneously. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the illustration of a paper folding metamorphic mechanism. The research provides the foundation of reliability design of metamorphic mechanisms to obtain the high-probability repeated execution ability of configuration transformation, it also has theoretical and practical significance to promote the engineering application of metamorphic mechanisms.

Intestinal mucositis (IM) is a common adverse effect of chemotherapy, limiting its clinical application. Edible Chinese medicine, specifically Codonopsis pilosula-derived CP-A, with anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal protective effects. The present work was to investigate CP-A's role in ameliorating IM and its mechanism using in vitro and rat models. Western blot, immunohistochemical (IHC) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analyses were used to assess protein expression related to the extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK)/myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)/myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) signaling pathway and tight junction proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to measure inflammatory factors, and 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing was employed for cecum content analysis. The results indicated that CP-A could restore body weight, food intake and histopathological changes in IM rats. Besides, abnormal MLCK activation induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was attenuated by CP-A via the ERK/MLCK/MLC2 pathway. CP-A treatment improved tight junction protein levels and reduced inflammatory factor expression. On the other hand, intestinal flora experiment demonstrated that CP-A intervention could increase the abundance of lactobacillus. In conclusion, CP-A mitigates 5-FU-induced IM by inhibiting the ERK/MLCK/MLC2 pathway, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors, improving the intestinal mucosal barrier and regulating intestinal flora. This study sheds light on CP-A's therapeutic potential in IM treatment, providing insights for future research.

Crystalline phase engineering is a prominent strategy for synergistically optimizing the sur-face-body phases of a catalyst. In this work, TiO2 nanosheets assembled into nanotubes (TNSTs) with two-phases of anatase and rutile were firstly synthesized via crystal engineering by simple thermal annealing, and subsequently loaded with Ru nanoparticles to create efficient benzene hydrogenation catalyst Ru/TNSTs. The well- designed nanosheet-tubes structure boasts large specific surface area and excellent transmission channels, which effectively prevents the ag-glomeration and deactivation of loaded Ru nanoparticles, as well as promotes the internal diffu-sion in the reaction process of benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexene. Furthermore, titanium dioxide nanosheet-tubes contain numerous Ti3+ defects, which not only improves the overall generation rate of cyclohexene, but also enhances the suppression of cyclohexene adsorption. Most importantly, the two-phases of titanium dioxide increases the ratio of the electron defi-ciencies of Ru and promotes cyclohexene desorption. These synergistic properties enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the Ru/TNSTs catalysts, resulting in excellent performance in the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene. Especially the Ru/TNSTs-4 catalyst achieves a 95% in-itial selectivity and 51% yield of cyclohexene in the reaction, outperforming most supported Ru-based catalysts. This work may provide new perspectives for designing efficient benzene hydrogenation catalysts via crystalline phase engineering.

Structurally clear compounds have advantages for quality control in plant biostimulant production and application processes. Humic acid (HA) is a biostimulant that significantly affects plant growth, and soil-dwelling Protaetia brevitarsis larva (PBL) can rapidly convert agricultural waste into HA. In this study, we use PBL as a model to investigate HA formation and screen for HA-related structurally clear plant biostimulant compounds. The dephasing magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C DD–MAS NMR) analysis indicated HA structural changes during PBL digestion; the metabolic profile detected seven HA-related aromatic ring-containing compounds. Plant experiments identified six compounds with stimulating effects, with piperic acid being reported for the first time in this study. Thus, this study not only provides insights into the insect-mediated transformation of HA but also illustrates a new strategy for discovering structurally clear plant biostimulant compounds.

Ultrasonic feedback energy is affected by the variety, planting and growth state of crops, it is difficult to fine application in precision agriculture systems. To this end, an ultrasonic sensor was mounted in a spray boom height detection system. Winter wheat was used as the test object to obtain feedback energy values for the spray boom height from the top of the wheat in the field during six critical growth stages: the standing stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, filling stage and maturity stage. The relationship between the actual value of the height from the spray boom to the top of wheat (Habw) and the detected value of the height from the spray boom to the top of wheat (Hdbw) was analyzed. A spray boom height detection model based on the ultrasonic sensor during the full growth cycle of wheat was determined. Field validation tests showed that the applicability of the spray boom height detection distance (Dd) of the spray boom height detection model proposed in the present study was 450 mm~950 mm. Within the applicable Dd range, the detection error of the detection model was ≤5 cm during the full growth cycle. This study provides an ultrasonic detection model construction method, which improves the reliability and accuracy of ultrasonic boom height detection for different wheat growth stages.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can boost the pristine Raman signal by ~ 108 times that could be exploited for producing innovative sensing devices with advanced properties. However, the inherent complexity of SERS systems restricts their further applications in rapid detection, especially in situ detection in narrow aera. Here, we construct an efficient and flexible SERS-based LOP sensor by integrating Ag/Au nanocap arrays obtained by Ag/Au coating polystyrene nanospheres on the optical fiber face. We obtain rich “hotspots” at the nanogaps between neighboring nanocaps and further achieve the excellent SERS performance with the assistance of laser induced thermophoresis on the metal film that can achieve high efficiency aggregation of detected molecules. We achieve a high Raman enhancement with a low detection limitation of 10-7 mol/L for the most efficient samples based on the above sensor. This sensor also exhibits good repeatability and stability under multiple detections, revealing the potential application in situ detection based on the reflexivity of optical fiber.

Type III interferon (IFN-λs) exhibit potent antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effects in specific cells. Nucleotide fragements of bovine ifn-λ (boifn-λ) gene was synthetized after codon optimization. The boifn-λ gene was then amplified by splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE PCR), resulting in serendipitous acquisition of the mutated boIFN-λ3V18M. Recombinant plasmids pPICZαA-boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M were constructed and the corresponding proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris with high-level extracellular soluble form. Dominant expression strains of boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M were selected by Western blot and ELISA, cultured on a large scale, and the recombinant proteins purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, yielding 1.5g/L and 0.3 g/L, with 85% and 92% purity, respectively. The antiviral activities of boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M exceeded 106 U/mg, were neutralized with IFN-λ3 polyclonal antibodies, were susceptible to trypsin, and retained stability within defined pH and temperature ranges. Furthermore, boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M exerted antiproliferative effects on MDBK cells without cytotoxicity at 104 U/mL. Overall, boIFN-λ3 and boIFN-λ3V18M did not differ substantially in biological activity, except for reduced glycosylation of the latter. Development of boIFN-λ3 and comparative evaluation with the mutant provide theoretical insights into antiviral mechanisms of boIFN-λs and provide material for therapeutic development.

Objective: Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in MeCP2, a transcription factor. MeCP2 mutations cause abnormal expression of downstream genes and eventually lead to brain dysfunction. The role of MeCP2 in brain neural development remains unclear. To further elucidate this role, a MeCP2-null rat model was created with the CRISPR/cas9 system. Method: A MeCP2-cas9 vector was constructed and then microinjected into fertilized rat ova in vitro. Two mutations by CRISPR/cas9 were confirmed to cause deletions in exon 2 of MeCP2 via DNA sequencing, and protein expression was measured by Western blotting. Transcriptome data for three brain tissues, the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, were obtained via next-generation sequencing. Results: MeCP2-null rats were successfully obtained, and preliminary analysis showed that the MeCP2-null rats exhibited motor dysfunction and anxious and depressed behaviour. In addition, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the three MeCP2-null brain tissues compared to wild-type rat brain tissues. In the rat cerebellum, 388 downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in the calcium ion signalling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. In the cerebral cortex, 386 upregulated DEGs were primarily involved in intracellular signal transduction, protein phosphorylation and the MAPK signalling pathway. In the hippocampus, the DEGs were related to the MAPK signalling pathway. Conclusion: We constructed a MeCP2-null rat model with unique features with CRISPR/cas9 technology to study RTT and analysed DEGs in three rat brain tissues to highlight potential targets for the development of new medicines.

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in aquatic ecosystems and harbor an enormous genetic diversity. While their great influence on the marine ecosystems is widely acknowledged, current information about their diversity remains scarce. A viral metagenomic analysis of three water samples was conducted from sites on the South Scotia Ridge (SSR) near the Antarctic Peninsula, during the austral summer 2016. The taxonomic composition and diversity of the viral communities were investigated and a functional assessment of the sequences was determined. Phylotypic analysis showed that most viruses belonging to the order Caudovirales, especially the family Podoviridae (41.92-48.7%), similar to the viromes from the Pacific Ocean. Functional analysis revealed a relatively high frequency of phage-associated and metabolism genes. Phylogenetic analyses of phage TerL and Capsid_NCLDV (nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses) marker genes indicated that many sequences associated with Caudovirales and NCLDV were novel and distinct from known phage genomes. High Phaeocystis globosa virus virophage (Pgvv) signatures were found in SSR area and complete and partial Pgvv-like were obtained which may have an influence on host-virus interactions. Our study expands the existing knowledge of viral communities and their diversities from the Antarctic region and provides basic data for further exploring polar microbiomes.

It is very difficult to accurately divide farmland and woodland in Gaofen 2 (GF-2) remote sensing image, because their single plant coverage is very small, and their spectra are very similar. The ratio of spatial resolution and one plant’s coverage area must be fully taken into account when designing the Convolutional Neural Network structure for extracting them from GF-2 image. We establish a Convolutional Encode Neural Networks model (CENN), The first layer has two sets of convolution kernels to learn the characteristics of farmland and woodland respectively, while the second layer is the encoder to encode the characteristics by transfer function, which can map the results to the corresponding category number. In the training stage, samples of farmland, woodland, and other categories are categorically used to train CENN, as soon as training is accomplished, CENN would acquire enough ability to accurately extract farmland and woodland from remote sensing images. The final extraction result is obtained by implementing per-pixel segmentation of images used to train the CENN. CENN is compared and analyzed with others such as Deep Belief Network (DBN), Full Convolutional Network (FCN), Deeplab Model. The results of experiments show that CENN can more accurately mine the characteristics of farmland and woodland, and it achieves its goal of extracting farmland and woodland with high precision from GF-2 images.

Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) significantly influences teacher well-being and pedagogical quality, thereby impacting student learning outcomes. Despite the recognized effectiveness of Lesson Study (LS) in shaping teachers' practices and beliefs, there is a research gap in TSE, particularly in higher education. To address this, we conducted a longitudinal study at a northeastern Chinese university, tracking TSE evolution in three English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, encompassing both novices and experienced educators, during a six-month LS program. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data, encompassing interviews, surveys, and observations. Underpinned by Bandura and Wyatt's self-efficacy theory, the impact of LS on teachers' TSE development was explored and interpreted. Our findings shed light on the many ways in which LS effects individual teachers' TSE. Notably, both novice and experienced teachers improved significantly in TSE, especially in the domains of instructional techniques and student engagement. However, in the context of classroom management, there was considerably less growth. Furthermore, our research identifies a number of challenges that can have a negative impact on teachers' TSE, such as adapting to students' changing needs, dealing with limited resources, managing time constraints, navigating the school examination system, and overcoming initial resistance to the LS approach.

Soil washing is a rapid and efficient method for heavy metals removal. In this study, in order to prove the feasibility of leaching remediation technology for remediation of lead-contaminated soil around a smelter, intermittent oscillating washing tests and extensive continuous tests were conducted to remediate Pb contaminated soils. Plant growth tests with wheat (Bainong Aikang 58) were also conducted to investigate the effects of leaching on plant growth and the Pb content of stems and leaves. The results revealed that in soils, Pb mainly exists in the forms of PbCO3, Pb5(PO4)3Cl2, PbSO4, and in small amounts of PbS. The intermittent oscillating washing tests showed that a lower liquidsolid(L/S) ratio and a higher leaching temperature and time were related to increased Pb removal efficiency. The Pb removal efficiency rates in the oscillating washing tests and the extensive continuous tests were 72.50% and 69.94%, respectively. In addition, the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil were basically unchanged after the leaching regimes. The results of the plant growth tests showed that the leaching regimes did not have a negative effect on the survival rate and growth of the wheat, and the heavy metal contents of the stem and leaf were effectively reduced. This study provides a reference for the large-scale remediation of contaminated soils.

Influenced by historical background, regional economic development, and the frequent occurrence of armed conflict, the human–earth relationship in the Central and Southern Peninsula, which is located in a "fragmented zone", is characteristic of the region. The Indochina Peninsula has now become an area of interest for the study of spatial changes in production–living–ecological spaces (PLES). Taking the Indochina Peninsula as the study area, this paper explores the evolution of the spatio-temporal patterns of PLES and its driving mechanism in the Central and Southern Peninsula, from 2010 to 2020, based on the grid scale. Methods such as the land-use transition matrix, land-use dynamics index, and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) were used in our model. Our results show that, from 2010 to 2020, ecological space dominated the PLES pattern on the Indochina Peninsula but its area gradually decreased, accompanied by a sharp increase in the areas of productive and living spaces. The area of PLES interconversion on the Indochina Peninsula in 2010–2020 was 212818.70 km2, and it is characterized by the conversion of ecological space into productive space, as well as the interconversion of woodland ecological and grassland ecological spaces. In addition, the intertransfer of production and ecological spaces was distributed in a network-like manner throughout the Indochina Peninsula, while the transfer of living space was distributed in a point-like manner. The migration path of the center of gravity of PLES on the In-dochina Peninsula demonstrates a significant directional difference. The PLES’s pattern evolution was affected by the degree of multiple factors, with a significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The positive and negative feedback effects of the factors were distributed in different areas and in different transfer directions.

In the context of the rural revitalization strategy, it is urgent to accurately grasp the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in underdeveloped arid inland river basins. Taking the Shiyang River Basin as an example, the rural settlements from 2000 to 2019 were obtained by visual interpretation using satellite remote sensing data and official statistical data. Following the logical of "state characteristics - evolutionary patterns - influence factors - layout optimization", the average nearest index, gravity-center migration model, spatial statistical analysis and other methods were used combine with GIS. The spatiotemporal pattern evolution characteristics of rural settlements in the past 20 years have been analyzed. The results revealed the following: 1) The distribution pattern of rural settlements in the study area is sheet-like and strip-shaped. The projects in the southeast are mostly distributed in a patchy pattern with high density, while the characteristics in the west and north are exactly opposite. The objects in the south are distributed in the alluvial area of rivers, while settlements in the north are located in the oasis area. 2) From 2000 to 2019, the scale of rural settlements in the Shiyang River Basin, where simultaneous occurrence of new-built and disappearing phenomena, shows an expansion trend that fast firstly and then slow. Spatially, rural settlements in the basin show a trend of clustering towards the southwest. 3) The distribution characteristics of rural settlements are close to water and roads, greatly influenced by urban-rural integration and ecological migration. The results will provide scientific basis for accelerating the modernization of rural areas, and the construction of new rural areas according to local conditions.

Abstract Objective：To explore the efficacy of modified Altemeier procedure in the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. Method and Main outcome measures:The enrolled patients with complete rectal prolapse were divided into traditional and modified groups according to the surgical approach.The primary outcomes included complication rates, time and severity of postoperative recurrence, changes in pre- and postoperative Wexner anal incontinence scores and ED-5Q-5L quality-of-life autonomy scores. Secondary outcomes included operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and length of hospital stay. Results:The overall complication rates were 33.33% and 6.67% and recurrence rates were 26.67% and 7% in the traditional and modified groups, respectively (P<0.05)；The duration of surgery in the traditional group was shorter than that in the modified group, but the intraoperative bleeding was significantly higher than that in the modified group, and all differences were statistically significant (P<0.05)；The length of stay and in the two groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05)；The postoperative Wexner incontinence score and ED-5Q-5L quality of life in the modified group were found to be significantly better than those in the traditional group at 8 months postoperative follow-up, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions:Pathological dilatation of the distal rectum may be another anatomical defect in complete rectal prolapse. The results of the clinical study confirmed the clinical effectiveness and safety of the modified Altmeyer procedure, which has high clinical application value.

The bimodal grain-size distribution 0.9KNbO₃-0.1BaTiO₃ ceramics, with a typical perovskite structure in tetragonal phase at room temperature, were successfully prepared by an induced abnormal grain growth (IAGG) method at a relatively low sintering temperature. In this bimodal grain-sized distribution structure, the extra-large grains (about 10‒50 μm) were evolved from the micron-sized filler powders and the fine grains (about 0.05‒0.35 μm) were derived from the sol precursor matrix. The 0.9KNbO₃-0.1BaTiO₃ ceramics exhibit relaxor-like behavior with the diffused phase transition near room temperature, and confirmed by the existence of the polar nanodomain regions (PNRs) using the HRTEM images. The large room-temperature electrocaloric (EC) effect was found, characterized by an adiabatic temperature drop of 1.5 K, an isothermal entropy change of 2.48 J kg^-1 K^-1, and high EC strengths of ïDT/DEï = 1.50×10^-6 KmV^-1 and DS/DE = 2.48×10^-6 Jmkg^-1K^-1V^-1directly measured under E = 1.0 MV/m. These excellent ECEs demonstrate that this simple IAGG method is highly appreciated for synthesizing high-performance EC materials for efficient cooling devices.

Although sources of seston are much more complicated in lakes compared to marines, the influences of different source on the spatiotemporal variations in seston stoichiometry are still underexplored, especially in large eutrophic floodplain lakes. Here, we investigated the seston stoichiometry across a typical large eutrophic floodplain lake (Lake Taihu) over one year. In addition, we used the n-alkanes proxies for source estimation which are more robust than other elemental indicators (e.g. C: N ratios). Throughout the study, the average value of C: N: P ratio of 143: 19: 1 across Lake Taihu was higher than the classical Redfield ratio, but closed to the synthesized data from other lakes. Generally, seston C: N ratios varied the least across all environments, but C: P and N: P ratios varied widely and shown a significant seasonal pattern with lower ratios of N: P and C: P during senescence seasons and higher ratios in the growing seasons. This seasonal change was mainly associated with the shift from terrestrial-derived seston to algal-derived seston as, the significant lower ratios of terrestrial-derived seston from surrounding agricultural watershed. Spatially, the mean ratios of each site were similar, except relative high values of C: P and N: P ratios in the algal dominated area. Statistically, the predictive power of environmental variables was strongly improved by adding n-alkanes proxies. However, apart from sources indicators, particulate phosphorus (PP) contents also partly explained the spatiotemporal variations in stoichiometric ratios. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind the dynamics of PP could be totally different and source-specific. This study highlights the priority of using n-alkanes proxies as tools to identify the source of seston which is essential to interpret the spatiotemporal variations in seston stoichiometric ratios among eutrophic floodplain lakes.

In airborne sensor networks (ASNs), the media access control (MAC) protocol is facing with serious unfairness problem due to the traditional protection mechanism of air-to-air communications among aircrafts. Actually by using the binary exponential back-off algorithm at high traffic loads to minimize collisions among users, the latest successful node can always benefit from this kind of MAC to obtain channel resources. Moreover, when taking the existence of the hidden nodes in ASNs into account, the inaccurate traffic load information will further aggravate the system’s unfairness. In this paper, a neighbor-channel-aware (NCA) protocol is proposed to improve the fairness of MAC protocol in ASNs. In the proposal, the NCA frame is firstly added and exchanged between neighbor nodes periodically, which helps to resolve the inaccurate traffic load information, so as to avoid reducing the probability of successful message transmission. Then a traffic-loading based back-off algorithm is involved to make the neighbor nodes cooperatively adjust the inter-frame space (IFS) interval to further reduce the unfairness. The simulation results show that, the proposed MAC protocol can guarantee the satisfied fairness, simultaneously avoiding heavy network overloads to protect key messages’ successful transmissions in ASNs.

The ridge-furrow plastic mulching (RFPM) system and nitrogen application have been effective strategies for improving crop productivity in the Loess Plateau of China. However, it is not clear how the ridge-furrow ratio and nitrogen fertilizer type (NT) affect the utilization of water, nitrogen, heat and radiation resources for increased rain-fed wheat production. Two nitrogen fertilizer types [Traditional urea (TU) and controlled-release urea (CRU)] and four planting patterns [conventional flat planting (F) and the RFPM system of 20 cm ridge with 40 cm furrow (R2F4), 40 cm ridge with 40 cm furrow (R4F4), and 60 cm ridge with 40 cm furrow (R6F4)] were tested from September, 2018 to June, 2021 during winter wheat growing season. The results showed that the RFPM system can increase the soil thermal time (TTsoil) by 41.0–152.1°C d compared to F. The thermal effect of the RFPM system shortens the vegetative growth period and extends the reproductive growth period by 2–7 days, promoting the increase of the leaf area index (LAI) and final dry matter (DM) accumulation. These significantly increased the grain yield (GY) in the RFPM system by 51.6–115.2% and enhanced the thermal time use efficiency (TUE) by 48–99.5%, water productivity (WP) by 37.4–76.3%, radiation use efficiency (RUE) by 16.3–34.4%, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) by 51.6–115.2% compared to F. Although a high ridge-furrow ratio combined with CRU increased GY and resources use efficiency, it also exacerbated the soil water depletion, especially in the 40–140 cm soil layer. Overall, applying CRU in combination with the RFPM system of 40 cm ridge with 40 cm furrow maximized resources use efficiency and increased wheat production in the Loess Plateau of China.

For Lentinula edodes, its characteristic flavor is the key determinant for consumer pref-erences. However, the tissue-specific volatile flavor variations of the fruiting body have been overlooked. Here, we comprehensively investigated volatile flavor profiles of different tissues including the pileus skin, context, gill and stipe of the fruiting body of two widely cultivated L. edodes strains (T2 and 0912). We show that the eight-carbon and sulfur com-pounds, which represented 43.2-78.0% and 1.4-42.9% to the total volatile emissions for strain 0912 and T2, dominated their volatiles profiles. The sulfur compounds could rep-resent 32.2% and 42.9% to the total volatile emissions for the context of the strain 0912 and T2, respectively, whereas only represented 1.4% for the stipes of the strain 0912 and 9.0% for the skin of strain T2. Proportions of the predominant C8 compounds (1-Octen-3-one, 1-Octen-3-ol and 3-Octanone) and sulfur compounds (Lenthionine, 1,2,4-Trithiolane, Di-methyl disulfide and Dimethyl trisurfide) changed depending on tissues and strains. We further reveal that the overall volatile flavor profiles varied greatly in different tissues and strains. With machine learning algorithm, we show that volatile profiles could 100% pre-dict strains 0912 and T2. The prediction accuracy for different tissues could also reach 100%. Our results highlight the tissue-specific volatile flavor variations of the L. edodes fruiting body.