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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1155.v1

Antimicrobial Effects of Antibiotics in Combination with Oregano Essential Oil against Staphylococcus aureus

Neli Ermenlieva, Gabriela Tsankova, Gergana Nedelcheva, Sylvia Stamova, Krasimira Laleva, Emiliya Georgieva

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: antimicrobial effects; antibiotics; oregano essential oil; combination; S. aureus

Online: 16 August 2024 (03:31:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0711.v1

Real-world Evidence on Use of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Management of Gram-Negative Infections: A Retrospective Analysis

Subhash Todi, Prachee Sathe, Venkatasubramanian Ramasubramanian, Subramanian Swaminathan, Deepak Talwar, Parikshit Prayag, Polati Vishnu Rao, Kirti Sabnis, Shweta Kamat, Akshata Mane, Harish Thanusubramanian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Ceftazidime-avibactam; Gram-negative organisms; antimicrobial therapy; clinical improvement; microbiological success.

Online: 12 June 2024 (06:25:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1547.v1

Does Point of Care Testing Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in Patients Presenting with Acute Sore Throat to Primary Care? A Prospective Test of Change

Rob Daniels, Esther Miles, Karen Button

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Point-of-Care-Testing; GAS infections; molecular; quality improvement; antimicrobial stewardship

Online: 23 April 2024 (18:05:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0740.v1

Rhizobacterial Control of Root Diseases and Stimulation of Plant Growth

Arturo Gutierrez-Urrego, David Johnston-Monje

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: biological control; growth promotion; antagonist; antimicrobial compounds; plant defense; soilborne pathogens

Online: 13 February 2024 (13:08:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1650.v2

Bacteriophage St_134 and its Endolysin as a Potential Staphylococcus Biofilm-Removing Biological Agent

Natalia N. Golosova, Andrey L. Matveev, Nina V. Tikunova, Yana A. Khlusevich, Yulia N. Kozlova, Vera V. Morozova, Igor V. Babkin, Tatiana A. Ushakova, Elena V. Zhirakovskaya, Elisaveta A. Panina, Elena I. Ryabchikova, Artem Y. Tikunov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: antibiotic resistance; bacteriophage; endolysin; antimicrobial agent; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; biofilm

Online: 23 January 2024 (00:07:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2252.v1

Combating Antibiotic Resistance in a One Health Context: A Plethora of Frontiers

Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose, Peter Kotsoana Montso, Collins Njie Ateba, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Alternative therapy; antimicrobial resistance; natural product/compound; One-Health; secondary metabolite

Online: 29 December 2023 (11:31:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1822.v1

An Evaluation of the Anti-QS Activity and Virulence Factors Production Potential of Rhamnus cathartica L. against Some Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Bashar IBRAHIM, AhuREİS REİS, Ulaş Evren ARIN, Muhammed Tilahun MUHAMMED, Ebru ONEM

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Quorum Sensing; Molecular Docking; Phytochemical; Rhamnus Cathartica L; Plant-Based Antimicrobial

Online: 26 December 2023 (01:47:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1138.v1

New N-terminal Fatty Acid Modified-Melittin Analogues With Potent Biological Activity

Sheng Huang, Guoqi Su, Shan Jiang, Li Chen, Jinxiu Huang, Feiyun Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: melittin; N-terminal fatty acid conjugation; antimicrobial activity; hemolysis; proteolytic stability

Online: 17 November 2023 (07:51:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0957.v1

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Characterization of Baccharis concava Pers., a Native Plant of the Central Chilean Coast

Maite Rodriguez-Diaz, Fabian Perez Acevedo, Paloma M Manosalva, Juan I Cerda, Consuelo Martinez-Contreras, Aracely Y. Mora, Nicolas A Villagra, Sergio A. Bucarey, Andrés Barriga, Jorge Escobar, José L. Martínez, Alejandro A. Hidalgo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Baccharis concava; Chilean medicinal plant; Phytochemical composition; Antimicrobial properties; Used traditional

Online: 16 October 2023 (16:31:13 CEST)

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Few Sclerophyllous plants from the central coast of Chile have been systematically studied. This work describes the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Baccharis concava Pers. (sin. B. macraei), a shrub found in the first line and nearby the pacific coast between latitudes 29-38⁰S. B. concava has been traditionally used by indigenous inhabitants of today central Chile for their anthelmintic properties, wound healing properties and as a diuretic. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of B. concava were prepared from leaves and small branches. The qualitative phytochemical characterization indicated presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic and tannins compounds. The antimicrobial activity of this extract was assessed in a panel of microorganisms including Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic yeasts. The extract displayed important antimicrobial effects against Gram positive, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans, but not against Gram negative, for which an intact Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is apparently the determinant of resistant to B. concava extracts. The hydroalcoholic extract was then fractionated through a sephadex LH-20/methanol-ethyl acetate column. Followed, the fractions were pooled according to a similar composition that was visualized by TLC/UV analysis. Fractions obtained by this criterion were assessed for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The fraction presenting the most antimicrobial activity was HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyzed obtaining a composition rich in structures derived from caffeoylquinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid and quercetin, among others. In conclusion, the extracts of B. concava show a strong antimicrobial activity probably due to their composition rich in metabolites derived from caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin, that in turn could be responsible for helping with wound healing, as reported from its ancient cultural use. In addition, the development of antimicrobial therapies based in the molecules found in B. concava could help to combat infection caused by pathogenic yeasts and Gram-positive bacteria, without affecting the Gram-negative microbiota.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1272.v1

Evaluation of Blood Cultures of SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Adult Patients

Bahar Akgün Karapınar, İlvana Çaklovica Küçükkaya, Yasemin Bölükbaşı, Sertaç Küçükkaya, Gonca Erköse Genç, Zayre Erturan, Ali Ağaçfidan, Betigül Öngen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: blood culture; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; co-infection; antimicrobial resistance

Online: 17 August 2023 (10:34:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0626.v1

Characterization and Efficacy of Titanium Dioxide Nano-Formulation on Skin Microflora Reduction and Wound Healing in Animals

Noppason Pangprasit, Yada Thammawong, Alongkorn Kulsirorat, Phongsakorn Chuammitri, Aphisek Kongkaew, Montira Intanon, Witaya Suriyasathaporn, Surachai Pikulkaew, Wasana Chaisri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Animal wound; Anti-biofilm forming; Antimicrobial activities; Skin microflora; Titanium dioxide

Online: 11 July 2023 (03:08:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0545.v1

Niobium Pentachloride as a Stoichiometric Reagent in the Sequential Transesterification-Esterification Reactions for the Synthesis of Methyl Salicylate and the Study of Its Antimicrobial Activity

Sandro Luiz Barbosa, DAVID LEE NELSON, Milton de Freitas Souza, Lucas Paconio Silva, Wallans TORRES PIO DOS SANTOS, ALEXANDRE PEREIRA WENTZ, Erenilda F. de Macedo, Rafaela C. Queiroz, Dayane B. Tada, Carolina R. Hurtado, Katia Conceição, Gabriela R. Hurtado, Fernando L. P. Pessoa, Gabriel de P. Bueno, Giuliano C. Clososki

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Applied Chemistry Keywords: Wintergreen oil; niobium pentachloride; sequential reactions; antimicrobial activity; cytotoxicity; S. aureus

Online: 8 May 2023 (14:51:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0480.v1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms in Mannheimia haemolytica Isolates From Sheep at Slaughter

Julio Alvarez, Johan M. Calderón Bernal, Laura Torre-Fuentes, Marta Hernández, Chris E. Pinto Jimenez, Lucas Domínguez, José F. Fernández-Garayzábal, Ana I. Vela, Dolores Cid

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Mannheimia haemolytica; antimicrobial resistance; mobile genetic elements; tetH; strA; sul2; sheep

Online: 18 April 2023 (04:15:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0333.v1

Do Anti-Biofilm Antibiotics Have A Place in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis?

Eric M Senneville, Benoit Gachet, Nicolas Blondiaux, Olivier Robineau

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: diabetic foot osteomyelitis; biofilm; antimicrobial resistance; adverse effects; rifampicin; fluoro-quinolones

Online: 18 January 2023 (10:00:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0162.v1

Stability Study of Temocillin for Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy

Beatriz Fernández-Rubio, Laura Herrera-Hidalgo, María Victoria Gil-Navarro, Luis E López-Cortés, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Rafael Luque-Márquez, Arístides De Alarcón, Sonia Luque-Pardos, Autora Fernández-Polo, José María Gutiérrez-Urbón, Alicia Gutiérrez-Valencia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Temocillin; Stability; Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy; Temperatures; Elastomeric devices; Infusion bags

Online: 8 December 2022 (14:32:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0406.v1

Developing a Tool for Auditing the Quality of Antibiotic Dispensing in Community Pharmacies: A Pilot Study

Maarten Lambert, Ria Benkő, Athina Chalkidou, Jesper Lykkegaard, Malene Plejdrup Hansen, Carl Llor, Pia Touboul Lundgren, Indrė Trečiokienė, Maria-Nefeli Karkana, Anna Kowalczyk, Katja Taxis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: community pharmacy practice; dispensing quality; antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; Audit Project Odense

Online: 27 September 2022 (03:26:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0181.v1

One Health Approach for combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals

Chung-Ming Chang, Ramendra Pati Pandey, Riya Mukherjee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: One Health Strategies; Antimicrobial Resistance; Salmonella isolates; Poultry Farms, Turkey Poults

Online: 12 January 2022 (18:12:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0020.v1

Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance: Review on Taxonomy, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities

Amina Jega Yusuf, Musa Ismail Abdullahi, Abubakar Alhaji Muhammad, Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Neocarya macrophylla; Chrysobalanaceae; antivenom; analgesic; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial; antioxidant; catechin; stigmasterol

Online: 1 November 2021 (13:06:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0385.v1

Evaluation of the Novel Culture-Based AtbFinder Test-System for the Selection of Optimal Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients With Polymicrobial Infections Within 4 H

George Tetz, Victor Tetz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial susceptibility testing; novel diagnostics; polymicrobial; sputum; drug resistant

Online: 14 April 2021 (14:21:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0144.v1

Genetic Environments of Plasmid-Mediated bla_CTXM-15beta-lactamase gene in Enterobacteriaceae from Africa

Babafela Awosile, Michael Agbaje

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; blaCTX-M-15; genetic environment; mobile genetic elements; Africa

Online: 7 December 2020 (12:49:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0104.v1

Trends in Antibiotic Resistance of Major Uropathogens

Falah Hasan Obayes AL-Khikani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Urinary tract infection; antimicrobial agents; antibiotic resistance; E. coli; uropathogens; aminoglycosides

Online: 6 July 2020 (10:30:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0221.v1

Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Preservative Characteristics of Aloe vera Gel

İbrahim Kahramanoğlu, Chuying Chen, Jinyin Chen, Chunpeng Wan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Aloe vera; chemical constituents; antimicrobial activity; postharvest storage; biodegradable; edible coating

Online: 19 November 2019 (03:33:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0108.v1

Bacteriological Assessment and Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Recovered from Pond Water, Fish Skin, and Gut in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Cecilia Nireti Fakorede, Evelyn Nwadinkpa Fatokun, Blessing Philip Kantiok, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Ishmael Festus Jaja

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: aquaculture; fish; foodborne disease, antimicrobial resistance; pond water; total bacteria count

Online: 9 April 2019 (12:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1030064

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activities of Organically Templated Cobalt Phosphite (C4H14N2)[Co(H2PO3)4]∙2H2O

Najlae Hamdi, Souad Chaouch, Ivan da Silva, Mohamed Ezahri, Mohammed Lachkar, Rama Alhasan, Ahmad Yaman Abdin, Claus Jacob, Brahim El Bali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: hybrid phosphite; X-Ray crystal structure; FTIR; thermal behavior; biological activities; antimicrobial; micro-organisms

Online: 15 November 2019 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0560.v1

Assessment of E-Bug Database Assisted Education of Class VII School Children on Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants: a Non-Randomized Education Study In a Cross-Section of Schools Around Manipal Town, Udupi, India

Reona Fernandes, Swathi Naik, Rashmi Shetty, Archana Gururaj Bhat, Manjunatha H Hande, Abdul Ghafur, Mahadev Rao, Vijayanarayana K, John Preshanth Kumar Pathiraj

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance, stewardship, community, school, students, e-bug, education, pharmacists, India

Online: 23 November 2018 (11:33:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0236.v1

Antimicrobial Efficiency of Essential Oils from Traditional Medicinal Plants of Asir Region, Saudi Arabia over Drug Resistant Isolates

Ismail M. Helal, Ashraf El-Bessoumy, Erwah Al-Bataineh, Martin R.P. Joseph, Parassena Rajagopalan, Harish C. Chandramoorthy, Sami Ben Hadj Ahmed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: essential oils; drug resistant microorganisms; antimicrobial activity; antifungal activity; medicinal plants

Online: 11 October 2018 (11:51:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0122.v1

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Phenolic Components and Organic Acids from Camellia Oleifera Cake

Jielun Hu, Duoduo Zhang, Shaoping Nie, Mingyong Xie

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Camellia oleifera cake; phenolic component; organic acid; antioxidant capacity; antimicrobial activity

Online: 7 June 2018 (12:34:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0831.v1

SMI-Capsular Fibrosis and Biofilm Dynamics: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Antimicrobial Approaches

Ines Schoberleitner, Michaela Lackner, Debora C. Coraca-Huber, Angela Augustin, Anja Imsirovic, Stephan Sigl, Dolores Wolfram

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: silicone mammary implants (SMI); capsular fibrosis; biofilm formation; antimicrobial strategies; foreign body response (FBR); implant surface modification; microbial adhesion; fibrotic response; antimicrobial-impregnated materials; surface topography

Online: 10 October 2024 (13:08:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0922.v1

Biofilm Formation and Anti-Inflammatory Response of a Probiotic Blend

Nicholas L.F. Gallina, Nicole I Tardi, Xilin Li, Alvin Cai, Mandy Horn, Bruce Applegate, Lavanya Reddivari, Arun K. Bhunia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Probiotics; biofilm; antimicrobial activity; adhesion; pathogens; canine gut health; anti-inflammatory response

Online: 12 September 2024 (11:26:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1540.v1

Ciprofloxacin Concentrations 100-Fold Lower than the MIC Can Select for Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Neisseria subflava: An In Vitro Study

Zina Gestels, Chris Kenyon, Saïd Abdellati, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: minimum selection concentration; MSC; MSCde novo; ciprofloxacin; Neisseria subflava; commensals; antimicrobial resistance

Online: 23 May 2024 (12:54:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1657.v1

Supplemental psyllium fiber increases antimicrobial proteins via the tuft cell-ILC2 circuit and type II immune response in the mouse small intestine

Yoshiki Ishii, Taiyo Matsunaga, Tomoki Yasui, Dina Mustika Rini, Ryo Inoue, Yoshinari Yamamoto, Takuya Suzuki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Antimicrobial protein; Intestinal microbiota; Mice; Psyllium fiber; Type II immunity; Tuft cells

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:13:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0675.v2

Green Synthesis of novel Rhododendron arboreum Based Zinc Nanocomposites for Enhanced Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Degradation Activities

Sajid Ali, Sidra -, Tanveer Asghar, Muhammad Ishtiaq Jan, Muhammad Waqas, Tahir Ali, Riaz Ullah, Ahmed Bari

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: Rhododendron arboreum; Zinc nanoparticles; Antimicrobial activity; Photocatalyst; Methyl orange dye

Online: 11 April 2024 (11:15:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1679.v1

Transforming Healthcare in Africa: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Combatting Infectious Diseases, Neglected Tropical Diseases, and Antimicrobial Resistance

ANGYIBA ANDIGEMA, NGNOTOUOM NGNOKAM Tania Cyrielle, NDJIE Daniel Laetitia, EWANE Ekwelle

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Healthcare; Infectious Disease; Surveillance; Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs); Antimicrobial Resistance.

Online: 27 March 2024 (11:58:01 CET)

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This review article focuses on the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in transforming healthcare in Africa, specifically in combatting infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), and antimicrobial resistance. We provide a comprehensive overview of the significance of AI in the healthcare industry, highlighting its urgency and importance in addressing these specific health challenges in Africa. We begin by discussing the role of AI in infectious disease surveillance and outbreak detection. We explore how AI technology can be employed for real-time tracking and prediction of outbreaks, providing examples of successful AI applications in infectious disease surveillance within the African context.Next, we examine the potential of AI-enabled diagnosis and treatment for faster and more accurate diagnoses of infectious diseases and NTDs. We highlight specific examples of AI applications in diagnosing and treating these diseases in Africa, showcasing the potential of AI to improve clinical outcomes and save lives.Furthermore, we focus on how AI-driven drug discovery and development can expedite the search for new treatments for infectious diseases and combat antimicrobial resistance. We present examples of AI applications in drug discovery within the African context, illustrating the potential for AI to revolutionize the development of effective therapeutics.In addition, we delve into how AI-powered public health interventions can enhance the design and implementation of targeted interventions. We explore how AI can optimize resource allocation and facilitate data-driven decision-making processes, providing examples of AI applications in public health in Africa.Finally, we address the challenges and limitations of implementing AI in combatting infectious diseases, NTDs, and antimicrobial resistance in Africa. We discuss potential barriers and ethical concerns surrounding AI applications in healthcare, aiming to encourage informed and responsible utilization of AI technologies.Overall, this review emphasizes the importance and potential of AI in combatting infectious diseases, NTDs, and antimicrobial resistance in Africa. It positions AI as a catalyst for revolutionizing healthcare in the region, leading to more effective disease surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, drug discovery, and public health interventions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0731.v1

The Prevalence of Antibiotic Tolerance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Varies by Anatomical Site

Margaux Balduck, Akim Strikker, Zina Gestels, Saïd Abdellati, Dorien Van den Bossche, Irith De Baetselier, Chris Kenyon, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; tolerance; antimicrobial resistance; anorectal infection; urogenital infection; azithromycin; ceftriaxone; ciprofloxacin

Online: 12 March 2024 (15:33:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1187.v1

Toward Enhanced Plant Immunity: Unveiling the Role of Brassinosteroids in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response

Barbara Sawicka*, Piotr Barbaś, Bernadetta Bienia, Dominika Skiba, Piotr Pszczółkowski, Barbara Krochmal-Marczak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: plant hormones; gene expression; BR functions; antimicrobial actions; immunity mechanisms; plant stress

Online: 21 February 2024 (04:00:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0015.v1

Green Synthesis of Cocos nucifera-Based Nanomaterials and Mechanistic Basis of Their Antimicrobial Action.

Zuriatou Yajeh Tanka, Naphtali Odogu Ankoro, Vincent Ngouana, Franklin Loïc Tchinda Taghu, Abongta Lum Mforbesi, Branly-nathalien Nguena-Dongue, Julius Nsami Ndi, Boniface Pone Kamdem, Paul Keilah Lunga, Fabrice Fekam Boyom

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Cocos nucifera; green synthesis; nanomaterials; activated carbon; antimicrobial activity; cytotoxicity; oxidative stress

Online: 1 February 2024 (08:34:18 CET)

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Caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, among others, infectious diseases can spread directly or from one individual to another. According to the World Health Organization, these diseases are known to cause high mortality rates, severe burdens of disability and serious worldwide aftermaths. The inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans are the main origins of the development of drug-resistant pathogens, which reduce the efficacy of these therapies, thus accentuating the need to search for effective antimicrobials. Medicinal plants have served as starting material for the preparation of a number of antimicrobial agents. To this end, the present study highlights the green synthesis of Cocos nucifera-based nanomaterials and evaluation of the mechanistic basis of their antimicrobial action. Accordingly, Cocos nucifera extract was used to reduce different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mM) of silver nitrate solution to afford silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These entities were further incorporated onto activated carbons (obtained by chemical activation using sulphuric acid as activation agent) to generate the nanocomposites. The antimicrobial activity of the as-prepared nanomaterials was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, while, the antioxidant activity was assessed through standard methods, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Cytotoxicity of potent nanomaterials was assessed on Vero cells by spectrophotometric method. As a result, nanoparticles were successfully synthesized as evidenced by the color change of the solution from transparent to dark brown. Further characterization was carried out by UV-visible spectroscopy that showed an intense absorption spectrum at 433 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the functional group moieties involved as a capping and reducing agent in the synthesis of AgNPs. The incubation of nanomaterials with selected bacterial and fungal strains led to significant inhibitory effects of these pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 7.813 to 250 μg/ml. In antioxidant assays, the nanocomposites presented scavenging activities comparable to that of ascorbic acid. Cytotoxicity experiment revealed no toxic effects on the human mammalian cells Vero (range of selectivity indices: from >4 to >128). These results provide evidence of the implication of Cocos nucifera-based nanomaterials in targeting bacterial or fungal systems that mediate free-radical damage or by inhibiting the oxidative damage caused by selected bacteria and fungi, the most susceptible being Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, respectively.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2178.v1

In Silico Analysis of Mutations in Quinolone Resistance Determinant Region for Flouroquinolone Resistance in Salmonella typhi

Noman Khan, Hasan Muneer, Muhammad Waqar Ilyas, Mashooq Ahmad Bhat, Ihsan Ullah, Muhammad Yaseen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Flouroquinolone resistance; Docking analysis; Antimicrobial resistance; Salmonella typhi; Mutation analysis

Online: 1 February 2024 (02:09:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1758.v1

New eremophilane derivatives produced by the marine-derived fungus Emericellopsis maritima BC17 in liquid culture media

Jorge R. Virués-Segovia, Cristina Pinedo, David Zorrilla, Jesús Sánchez-Márquez, Pilar Sánchez, María C. Ramos, Mercedes de la Cruz, Josefina Aleu, Rosa M. Durán-Patrón

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: Eremophilane, Emericellopsis maritima, marine-derived fungus, OSMAC approach, antimicrobial, antitumoral

Online: 25 January 2024 (01:53:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0115.v3

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Plant Flavonoids against Gram-Negative Bacteria Based on the Antibacterial Statistical Model

Yu Yan, Xuexue Xia, Aiman Fatima, Li Zhang, Ganjun Yuan, Fengxian Lian, Yu Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Action mode; Antimicrobial; Escherichia coli; Flavonoids; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Lipophilicity; LogP; MIC; Statistical model

Online: 20 February 2024 (10:48:13 CET)

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The antimicrobial quantitative structure–activity relationship of plant flavonoids against Gram-positive bacteria was established in our previous works, and the cell membrane was confirmed as a major site of action. To investigate whether plant flavonoids have similar antibacterial effects and mechanisms against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, here, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 37 plant flavonoids against Escherichia coli were determined using the microdilution broth method, and then the correlation between their lipophilic parameter ACD/LogP or LogD_7.40 value and their MIC was analyzed. Simultaneously, the correlation between the ACD/LogP or LogD_7.40 value and the MIC of 46 plant flavonoids reported in literature against E. coli was also analyzed. Both sets of results showed that there is a significant correlation between the LogP value and the MIC of plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria. However, it is difficult to effectively predict the MIC of plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria from their lipophilic parameters. By comparing two regression curves derived from plant flavonoids against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, it was further discovered that the antibacterial activities of most plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria are stronger than those against Gram-positive bacteria when their LogP values are less than about 3.0, but the opposite is true when their LogP values are more than about 3.6. Moreover, this comparison also suggests that unlike mainly acting on the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, plant flavonoids have multiple mechanisms against Gram-negative species, while the cell membrane is also an important action site among them. Combined with the correlation analyses between the enzyme inhibitory activity and the LogP value of the reported flavonoids, it was further suggested that DNA gyrase is another important target of plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1263.v1

A 14-Day Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Intervention Study With Anti-bacterial Benzyl Isothiocyanate From Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) on Human Gut Microbiome and Host Defense

Simon Patrick Pfäffle, Corinna Herz, Eva Brombacher, Michele Proietti, Michael Gigl, Christoph Konrad Hofstetter, Verena Karolin Mittermeier-Kleßinger, Sophie Claßen, Hoai Thi Thu Tran, Corinna Dawid, Clemens Kreutz, Stefan Günther, Evelyn Lamy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: nasturtium; BITC; gut microbiome; antimicrobial; metabolome; escherichia coli; human beta defensin 1

Online: 21 November 2023 (06:34:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0123.v1

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Johana Zúñiga-Miranda, Julio Guerra, Alexander Mueller, Arianna Mayorga-Ramos, Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco, Carlos Barba-Ostria, Jorge Heredia-Moya, Linda P. Guamán

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; green synthesis; IONPs; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antiparasitic; antiviral activity

Online: 3 October 2023 (10:43:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1336.v1

Antibiotic Potentiation as a Promising Strategy to Combat Macrolide Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens

DEEPJYOTI PAUL, Meenal Chawla, Taruna Ahrodia, Lekshmi Narendrakumar, Bhabatosh Das

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antibiotic; antimicrobial resistance; azithromycin; macrolide resistance; multidrug resistance; potentiation; adjuvants; macrolide potentiator

Online: 18 August 2023 (09:21:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1547.v1

Evaluation of Synergistic Effect of Heteroaryl-Ethylene Molecules in Combination with Antibiotics: A Preliminary Study on Control Strains

Carmelo Bonomo, Paolo Giuseppe Bonacci, Dalida Angela Bivona, Alessia Mirabile, Dafne Bongiorno, Emanuele Nicitra, Andrea Marino, Carmela Bonaccorso, Giuseppe Consiglio, Cosimo Gianluca Fortuna, Stefania Stefani, Nicolò Musso

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistant; heteroaryl-ethylene derivatives; QSAR model; Antibiotics; Antitumour compounds; Combination Therapy

Online: 24 July 2023 (09:26:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1843.v1

Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Mastitis Milk from Conventional and Organic Dairy Farms in South Korea

Therese Ariane N. Neri, Hyunjung Park, Sujin Kang, Seung Hee Baek, Insik Nam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; antimicrobial resistance; bovine mastitis; organic dairy farm; conventional dairy farm

Online: 27 June 2023 (04:33:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0189.v1

Synthesis and Antibiotic Activity of Chitosan-Based Comb-Like Co-Polypeptides

Timothy P. Enright, Dominic L. Garcia, Gia Storti, Jason E. Heindl, Alexander Sidorenko

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; Chitosan; comb-like co-polypeptide; N-carboxyanhydrides; ring-opening polymerization

Online: 10 March 2023 (08:57:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0296.v1

N10-C11 Imine is Essential for Gram-negative Antibacterial Activity of Broad Spectrum Pyrrolobenzodiazepines

Pietro Picconi, Charlotte K. Hind, J. Mark Sutton, Khondaker Miraz Rahman

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; broad-spectrum antibiotics; antibacterial drug discovery; gram-negative bacteria; pyrrolobenzodiazepines

Online: 16 November 2022 (04:20:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0058.v1

Detrimental Effect of Ozone on Pathogenic Bacteria

Karyne Rangel, Felipe O Cabral, Guilherme Curty Lechuga, João P.R.S. Carvalho, Maria H.S. Villas-Bôas, Victor Midlej, Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: ozone; detrimental effect; pathogenic bacteria; antimicrobial resistance; ROS; Acinetobacter baumannii; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Online: 3 November 2021 (07:55:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0555.v1

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Iris Tuberosa as Potential Preservative In Cosmetic Products

Maria Mondéjar-López, Alberto José López-Jimenez, Minerva Abad-Jordá, Angela Rubio-Moraga, Oussama Ahrazem, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez, Enrique Niza

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: nanotechnology; silver nanoparticles; antimicrobial; biotechnology; phitochemistry; plant extract; green chemistry; cosmetics; preservatives.

Online: 23 June 2021 (09:35:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0203.v1

Lilium Philadelphicum Flower as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial Agents: A Study of Bioactivity, Phytochemical Analysis and Partial Identification of Antimicrobial Metabolites

Shefali Singh, Vineeta Singh, Alaa Alhazami, B.N. Mishra, Shafiul Haque, Dilfuza Egamberdieva, R. Z. Sayyed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Characterization; GC-MS analysis; FTIR analysis; Red lily; Secondary metabolites

Online: 5 March 2021 (21:42:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0147.v1

QSAR Models for Active Substances Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Disk-diffusion Test Data

Cosmin Alexandru Bugeac, Robert Ancuceanu, Mihaela Dinu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Pseudomonas; antimicrobial; QSAR; chemical descriptors; machine-learning; KNN; support vector classifier; AdaBoost

Online: 4 February 2021 (22:04:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0116.v1

Antimicrobial Peptides Grafted onto a Plasma Polymer Interlayer Platform: Performance upon Extended Bacterial Challenge

Stefani Griesser, Marek Jasieniak, Krasimir Vasilev, Hans J. Griesser

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: antibacterial coating; antimicrobial peptide; plasma polymer; LL 37; Magainin; Parasin; bacterial attachment

Online: 4 December 2020 (14:56:18 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Preventing and Managing Urinary Tract Infections: Enhancing the Role of Community Pharmacists – A Mixed Methods Study

Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Rosalie Allison, Leah F Jones, Alison H Holmes, Parvesh Patel, Donna M Lecky, Raheelah Ahmad, Cliodna AM McNulty

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Pharmacist; Community; Urinary tract infections; Leaflet; Self-care; General Public; Antimicrobial stewardship

Online: 14 July 2020 (10:53:34 CEST)

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Community pharmacists are involved in antimicrobial stewardship through self-care advice and delivering medications for uncomplicated infections. Objectives This mixed methods study aimed to identify opportunities to enhance the role of community pharmacists in the management of patients with suspected or confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods Data collection was through a service user survey (n=51) and pharmacist surveys and semi-structured interviews before (16 interviews, 22 questionnaires) and after (15 interviews, 16 questionnaires) trialling UTI leaflets designed to be shared with patients. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis and descriptive tabulation of quantitative data. Results Twenty-five percent (n=13/51) of service users with urinary symptoms sought help from a pharmacist first and 65% (n=33/51) were comfortable discussing their urinary symptoms with a pharmacist in a private space. Community pharmacists were confident as the first professional contact for service users with uncomplicated UTI (n=13/16, 81%), but indicated the lack of a specific patient referral pathway (n=16/16, 100%), the need for additional funding and staff (n=10/16, 62%), and the importance of developing prescription options for pharmacists (5/16, 31%). All community pharmacists reported playing a daily role in controlling antimicrobial resistance by educating service users about viral and bacterial infections and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Enhancing their role will need greater integrated working with general practices and more prescribers based in community pharmacy. Conclusion This study suggests that community pharmacists could play a greater role in the management of uncomplicated UTI. The current reconfiguration of primary care in England with primary care networks and integrated care systems could provide a real opportunity for this collaborative working with potential learning for international initiatives.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0509.v1

Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Sinapis nigra L. and Sinapis alba L. Extracts

Valentina Boscaro, Luisa Boffa, Arianna Binello, Gabriella Amisano, Stefania Fornasero, Giancarlo Cravotto, Margherita Gallicchio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Sinapis alba L.; Sinapis nigra L.; ultrasound-assisted extraction; antiproliferative; proapoptotic; antimicrobial.

Online: 22 October 2018 (16:04:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0356.v1

A3, a Scorpion Venom Derived Peptide Analogue with Potent Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity against Clinical Isolates of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram Positive Bacteria

Ammar Almaaytah, Ahmad Farajallah, Ahmad Abualhaijaa, Qosay Al-balas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Scoprion Venoms; Hos Defence Peptides; antimicrobial activity; antibiofilm activity; synergism; bacterial resistance

Online: 25 May 2018 (09:26:11 CEST)

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Current research in the field of antimicrobials is focused on the development of novel antibiotics and antimicrobial agents to counteract the huge dilemma that the human population is mainly facing in regards to the rise of bacterial resistance and biofilm infections. Host Defense peptides (HDPs) are a promising group of molecules for antimicrobial development as they share unique characteristics suitable for antimicrobial activity including their broad spectrum of activity and potency against bacteria. AamAP1 is a novel HDP that was identified through molecular cloning from the venom of the North African scorpion Androctonus amoeruxi. In vitro antimicrobial assays revealed that the peptide displays moderate activity against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the peptide proved to be highly hemolytic and displaying significantly high toxicity against mammalian cells. In our study, a novel synthetic peptide analogue named A3 was designed from the naturally occurring scorpion venom host defense peptide. The design strategy depended on modifying the amino acid sequence of the parent peptide in order to increase its net positive charge, percentage helicity and optimize other physico-chemical parameters involved theoretically in HDPs activity. Accordingly, A3 was evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity individually and in combination with four different types of conventional antibiotics against clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria. A3 was also evaluated for its cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. A3 displayed potent and selective in vitro antimicrobial activities against a wide range of MDR Gram-positive bacteria. Our results also showed that combining A3 with conventional antibiotics displayed a synergistic mode of action which resulted in decreasing the MIC value for A3 peptide as low as 0.125 µM. These effective concentrations were associated with negligible toxicities on mammalian cells. In conclusion, A3 exhibits enhanced activity and selectivity when compared with the parent natural scorpion venom peptide. The combination of A3 with conventional antibiotics may be pursued as a potential novel treatment strategy against MDR and biofilm forming bacteria.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0142.v1

Aromatic Selenocyanates as a New Class of Non-Mutagenic Antimicrobial Selenium Compounds with Pronounced Activity against Multidrug Resistant ESKAPE Bacteria

Muhammad Jawad Nasim, Karolina Witek, Annamaria Kincses, Muhammad Sarfraz, Ewa Żesławska, Małgorzata Anna Marć, Márió Gajdács, Gabriella Spengler, Wojciech Nitek, Gniewomir Latacz, Elżbieta Karczewska, Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz, Claus Jacob, Jadwiga Handzlik

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: reactive selenium species; arylmethyl selenocyanate; cellular thiolstat; antimicrobial; anticancer; ESKAPE; multidrug resistance

Online: 22 February 2018 (11:34:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0097.v2

Natural Pathogen Inhibiting Chemistry to Replace Toxic Treatment of Microbes and Biofilm in Cooling Towers ^†

Lon Brouse, Richard Brouse, Daniel Brouse

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: pathogens; Legionella; amoeba; protozoa; biofilm; antibacterial; antimicrobial; cooling towers; biocides; polyvalent metals

Online: 20 December 2016 (10:26:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0009.v1

Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus spp. Essential Oils

Luiz Claudio Almeida Barbosa, Claudinei Andrade Filomeno, Robson Ricardo Teixeira

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: Essential(s) oils; monoterpenes; insecticidal activity; antimicrobial activity; acaricide activity; herbicidal activity

Online: 4 October 2016 (16:08:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.2336.v1

Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Ruth Prieto-Montero, Lucia Herrera, Maite Tejón, Andrea Albaya, Jose Luis Chiara, Mónica L. Fanarraga, Virginia Martínez-Martínez

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance; Photosensitizer; Photodynamic Therapy; Silica nanoparticles; Rose Bengal; Gram negative; gluconamide; biotargeting

Online: 29 October 2024 (16:23:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0188.v1

The application of the Hub and Spoke Model in Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes - A Scoping Review

Ayesha Iqbal, Yuhashinee Kumaradev, Gizem Gülpinar, Claire Brandish, Maxencia Nabiryo, Frances Garraghan, Helena Rosado, Victoria Rutter

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Antimicrobial stewardship; antibiogram development; hub and spoke model; healthcare; implementation science; leadership; training

Online: 3 September 2024 (11:03:53 CEST)

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Background: The hub-and-spoke model (HSM), offers a framework for efficient healthcare service delivery. This scoping review seeks to establish the implementation and effectiveness of the HSM in Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) programs. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline was followed. A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane library and Google scholar) from inception until January 2024. Studies where the HSM was used for delivering any AMS activity, intervention or action, were included. No study specific filters were applied and all populations, study designs and health settings were included. Data screening and selection was achieved using Rayyan. Three authors independently screened studies, with conflicts resolved by a fourth author. Data were narratively synthesized. Standard appraisal tools were impractical; however, critically evaluation of data collection and outcome reporting was ensured. Results: Out of 1,438 articles, three were included in the scoping review. The primary interventions utilising the HSM in AMS involved reducing antibiotic misuse, training healthcare professionals, case-based learning, establishing AMS programs, developing antibiograms, and formulating policies or guidelines pertinent to AMS. The studies demonstrated significant clinical improvements in AMS. Clinical outcomes from the studies include a significant reduction in antimicrobial usage and improved antibiotic management, with a notable decrease in days on antimicrobial therapy and increased antibiotic de-escalation. Key facilitators for AMS program success: tailored education, collaborative learning, strong leadership, strategic practices, and data-driven decisions. Key barriers: leadership challenges, change resistance, knowledge gaps, inadequate data systems, resource limitations, and technological constraints. Conclusion: The review identified a literature gap in HSM use for AMS programs. Further studies are needed to assess HSM's effectiveness, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness in AMS contexts.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0921.v1

Phage Anti-Pycsar Proteins Efficiently Degrade β-Lactam Antibiotics

Pallav Joshi, Stefan Krco, Samuel J Davis, Lachlan Asser, Thomas Brück, Rochelle M Soo, Mikael Bodén, Philip Hugenholtz, Liam A Wilson, Gerhard Schenk, Marc T Morris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Virus; Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL); MBL-fold superfamily; antimicrobial resistance; anti-Pycsar; carbapanemase

Online: 11 July 2024 (04:52:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2177.v1

A New Casjensviridae Bacteriophage Isolated from Hospital Sewage Effectively Disrupt Biofilms of Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia Clinical Isolates

Sambuddha Chakraborty, Anusha Rohit, S. Jaya Prasanthi, Ashwini Chauhan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; biofilm bacteriophage; K. pneumoniae; alternative to antibiotics; antibiofilm strategy

Online: 3 June 2024 (08:31:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1902.v1

Biological Activity of Ziziphus Spina-Christi with Special Reference to Its Antimicrobial Activity

Mohammed Ibrahim Saied Sabir, Hagir Medani Hussein

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: antimicrobial activity; crude extracts; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); phytochemical screening; zone of inhibition

Online: 29 May 2024 (03:56:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0195.v1

Enhancing Bioactive Compound Classification through the Synergy of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Advanced Machine Learning Methods

Pedro Sampaio, Cecília Calado

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Antimicrobial; Cynara cardunculus; Machine learning; MIR-Spectroscopy; PCA; PLS-DA; SVM; KNN; BPN

Online: 2 April 2024 (12:53:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1145.v1

Structural Characterization and Bioactivity of a Titanium(IV) -Oxo Complex Stabilized by Mandelate Ligands

Barbara Kubiak, Tadeusz Muzioł, Grzegorz Wrzeszcz, Aleksandra Radtke, Patrycja Golińska, Tomasz Jędrzejewski, Sylwia Wrotek, Piotr Piszczek

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: Titanium(IV) oxo-complex; α-hydroxyacid; mandelic acid; crystal structure; antimicrobial activity; cytotoxicity

Online: 19 March 2024 (11:31:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0667.v1

Comparative Antifungal Activity of Commercial Probiotics against Candida albicans – an Invitro Study

Manthra Srinivasan, Shilpa Syam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antimicrobial; Yeast; In vitro; Sabouraud Dextrose Agar; Culture; Infection

Online: 9 January 2024 (10:32:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1903.v1

Redefining Peptide 14D: Substitutional Analysis for Accelerated TB Diagnosis and Enhanced Activity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Kai Hilpert, Tulika Munshi, Paula M López-Pérez, Joana Sequeira-Garcia, Tim J Bull

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial peptide; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Diagnosis; Spot synthesis; Substitution Analysis; TB; anti TB compound

Online: 29 November 2023 (15:19:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1652.v1

N′-((E)-3,3-Diphenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Inden-1-Ylidene)-2-((Z)-2-Oxoindolin-3-Ylidene)Hydrazine-1-Carbothiohydrazide Ligand and Its Complexes: Spectroscopic, Molecular Orbital, Molecular Docking, Structural Study and Antimicrobial Activity

Ehab M Zayed, Wael A. El-Sayed, Marzough Aziz Albalawi, Hayam A Abd El Salam, Fatma A El-Samahy, Gehad G. Mohamed

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Applied Chemistry Keywords: indanone; thio-carbohydrazones; isatin; metals-synthesis-organometallics; computational study; molecular docking; antimicrobial activity

Online: 26 October 2023 (07:09:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1552.v1

Effect of modes of laser irradiation on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for Streptococcus sobrinus in the crown dentin of bovine teeth: an experimental in vitro study

Yohei Yamaguchi, Daiki Yoshii, Hiroaki Katsuragi, Koichi Shinkai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Laser irradiation; Streptococcus sobrinus; Methylene blue; Brilliant blue; Acid red

Online: 25 October 2023 (03:07:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0669.v1

Shelf Life of Foods and Bioactive Materials Used in the Antimi-Crobial Food Packaging

Gülay Baysal, Kudret Ateş, Abdullah Akbulut, Haydar Özpinar

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: The active packaging; the antimicrobial agents, shelf life of foods, biomaterials, and nanocomposites

Online: 11 September 2023 (09:23:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2199.v1

A Desmethylphosphinothricin Dipeptide Derivative Effectively Inhibits Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis Growth

Maxim Alexey Khomutov, Fabio Giovannercole, Laura Onillon, Marija V. Demiankova, Byazilya Fedorovna Vasilieva, Arthur Ilnurovich Salikhov, Sergey Nikolaevich Kochetkov, Olga Vladimirovna Efremenkova, Alex Radievich Khomutov, Daniela De Biase

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: antibacterial; glutamate metabolism; antimicrobial resistance; central metabolism; dipeptide permeases; phosphorus-containing glutamate analogues

Online: 31 August 2023 (13:18:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1601.v1

Antimicrobial Potential of the Microalgae Extracts

Alexander Lykov, Alexei Salmin, Ruslan Gevorgiz, Svetlana Zheleznova, Lyubov Rachkovskaya, Maria Surovtseva, Olga Poveshchenko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: diatoms; cyanobacter; green microalgae; Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; Mycobacteria; antimicrobial potential

Online: 24 July 2023 (10:46:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1535.v1

Development, Analytical Characterization, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Boswellia Serrata Extract-Layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid Composites

Stefania Cometa, Francesco Busto, Andrea Castellaneta, Andrea Cochis, Ziba Najmi, Rosanna Rizzi, Ilario Losito, Elvira De Giglio

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Boswellia Serrata extract; layered double hydroxides; composite; drug delivery system; antimicrobial; anti-inflammatory

Online: 24 July 2023 (10:38:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0547.v1

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceptions of livestock stakeholders on Antimicrobial Use in Kenya

Jack O. Omolo, Ruth Omani, Mark A. Caudell, Tabitha Kimani, Stella Kiambi, Folorunso Oludayo Fasina

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; knowledge; attitude; practice; animal health service provider; livestock farmer; Kenya.

Online: 10 July 2023 (08:35:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0807.v1

Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria

Li Zhang, Yu Yan, Jianping Zhu, Xuexue Xia, Ganjun Yuan, Shimin Li, Beibei Deng, Xinrong Luo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Flavonoid; Antimicrobial mechanism; Quinone; Menaquinone; Respiratory chain; bacterium; MIC; Staphylococcus aureus; α-Mangostin

Online: 11 May 2023 (05:50:54 CEST)

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Plant flavonoids have increasingly paid a close attention to for new antimicrobial agents or adjuvants. In our previous work, it was confirmed that the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the gram-positive bacteria, and which likely involves the inhibition of the respiratory chain. Inspired by the similar structural and antioxidant characters of plant flavonoids to MKH₂, we deduced that the quinone pool is probably a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting gram-positive bacteria. To verify this, twelve plant flavonoids with six structural subtypes were preliminary selected, and their MICs against gram-positive bacteria were predicted from the antimicrobial quantitative relationship of plant flavonoids to gram-positive bacteria. The results showed they have different antimicrobial activities. After their MICs against S. aureus were determined using broth microdilution method, nine compounds with the MICs ranged from 2 to 4,096 μg/mL or more than 1,024 μg/mL were eventually selected, and then their MICs against S. aureus were determined interfered with different concentrations of MK-4 and the MKs extracted from S. aureus. The results showed that the greater the antibacterial activities of plant flavonoids were, the more greatly their antibacterial activities decreased along with the increase of the interfering concentrations of MK-4 (from 2 to 256 μg/mL) and MK extract (from 4 to 512 μg/mL), and while those, with the MICs equal to or more than 512 μg/mL, decreased a little or remained unchanged. Especially, under the interference of MK-4 (256 μg/mL) and MK extract (512 μg/mL), the MICs of α-mangostin, a compound with greatest inhibitory activity to S. aureus in these twelve plant flavonoids, increased by 16 times and 8 to16 times, respectively. Based on these above, it was proposed that the quinone pool is a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting gram-positive bacteria, and which likely involves multiple mechanisms including some enzyme and non-enzyme inhibitions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0555.v1

Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health

Md. Abdus Salam, Md. Yusuf Al-Amin, Moushumi Tabassoom Salam, Jogendra Pawar, Naseem Akhter, Ali A. Rabaan, Mohammed A. A. Alqumber

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Antibiotics; Antimicrobial resistance; Mechanisms of resistance; Drivers of resistance; Measures to combat resistance

Online: 9 May 2023 (03:50:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0329.v1

Preparation, Characterization, DFT Calculations, Antibacterial and Molecular Docking Study of Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes

Maged S. Al-Fakeh, Sabri Messaoudi, Faisal Alresheedi, Abuzar Albadri, Wael A El-Sayed, Emran Saleh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: Mixed-Ligands; DFT Calculations; HOMO; LUMO; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant Assays; and Molecular Docking Analysis

Online: 19 December 2022 (07:43:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0037.v1

Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial ZnMintPc Encapsulated in Magnetic-nanocomposites with Graphene Oxide/MWCNTs Based on Bimodal Action of Photodynamic and Photothermal Effect

Coralia Fabiola Cuadrado, Antonio Díaz-Barrios, Kleber Orlando Campana, Eric Cardona Romani, Francisco Javier Quiroz, Stefania Nardecchia, Alexis Debut, Karla Vizuete, Dario Niebieskikwiat, Camilo Ernesto Ávila, Mateo Alejandro Salazar, Cristina Cecibel Garzón-Romero, Ailín Amira Blasco-Zúñiga, Miryan Rosita Rivera, María Paulina Romero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antimicrobial nanomaterials; Carbon Nanotubes; Graphene; Magnetic Nanoparticles; hydrogel; Photodynamic Therapy; Photothermal Therapy; Nanocarrier

Online: 5 January 2022 (12:02:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0707.v1

Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium Cecal Colonisation and Improvement of Intestinal Health in Broilers Supplemented with Fermented Defatted ‘Alperujo’, an Olive Oil By-Product

Agustín Rebollada-Merino, María Ugarte-Ruiz, Marta Hernández, Pedro Miguela-Villoldo, David Abad, David Rodríguez-Lázaro, Lucía de Juan Ferré, Lucas Domínguez, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: antimicrobial alternatives; fermented defatted ‘alperujo’; intestinal health; olive oil by-products; Salmonella Typhimurium.

Online: 29 September 2020 (10:47:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0318.v1

Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles from Plant Extracts, and Their Possible Application as Antimicrobial Agents in the Agricultural Area

Luis Castillo-Henríquez, Karla Alfaro-Aguilar, Jeisson Ugalde-Álvarez, Laura Vega-Fernández, Gabriela Montes de Oca-Vásquez, José Roberto Vega-Baudrit

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: agricultural industry; antibacterial; antimicrobial; green synthesis; gold; nano-biotechnology; nanoparticles; silver; sustainable development

Online: 15 July 2020 (06:13:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0171.v1

Impact of the Immune Response Modification by Lysophosphatidylcholine in the Efficacy of Antibiotic Therapy of Experimental Sepsis and Pneumonia by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Raquel Parra-Millán, Manuel Enrique Jiménez-Mejías, Rafael Ayerbe-Algaba, Juan Domínguez-Herrera, Caridad Díaz-Navarro, José Pérez del Palacio, Jerónimo Pachón, Younes Smani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Lysophosphatidylcholine; combined antimicrobial treatment; immune response; peritoneal sepsis model; pneumonia model; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Online: 13 February 2020 (12:48:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0255.v1

Effectiveness of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Biofilm Disruptors and Resistance Breakers in Gram-negative (ESKAPEE) Bacteria

Akif Reza, J. Mark Sutton, Khondaker Miraz Rahman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; biofilm; efflux pump inhibitors; antibiotic potentiation; eskapee pathogens; gram-negative bacteria

Online: 22 October 2019 (10:22:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0142.v1

Biocompatible and Antibacterial Nitric Oxide-Releasing Pluronic F-127/Chitosan Hydrogel for Topical Applications

Milena T. Pelegrino, Bruna de Araujo Lima, Mônica H. M. do Nascimento, Christiane B. Lombello, Marcelo Brocchi, Amedea B. Seabra

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: chitosan; thermoresponsive hydrogel; nitric oxide; s-nitrosothiols; biocompatibility; antimicrobial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pluronic F127

Online: 19 March 2018 (07:25:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0111.v1

Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Erigeron floribundus

Riccardo Petrelli, Giuseppe Orsomando, Leonardo Sorci, Filippo Maggi, Farahnaz Ranjbarian, Prosper C. Biapa Nya, Dezemona Petrelli, Luca A. Vitali, Giulio Lupidi, Luana Quassinti, Massimo Bramucci, Anders Hofer, Loredana Cappel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Erigeron floribundus; essential oil; antimicrobial; NadD; Trypanosoma brucei; cytotoxicity; antioxidant; limonene; caryophyllene oxide

Online: 10 August 2016 (12:36:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1855.v1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli with Analysis of Impact of Socio-Economic Factors in Low, Medium and High-Income Countries

Meher Rizvi, Maria Khan, Amina AL Jardani, Ujjala Ghoshal, Zaaima AL Jabri, Mohammad Ahanjan, Azza AL Mamari, Nawal AL Shizawi, Hiba Sami, Abdullah Balkhair, Adila Shaukat, Alwarith Nasser Salem Alkharusi, Abdulrahman Almahrouqi, Afreenish Hassan, Ajay Kumar, Amal Malehi, Amina Gul, Ashima Singh, Asma Said Hamed AL Shidhani, Areena Hoda Siddiqui, Aruna Poojary, Azza AL Rashdi, Bradley Langford, Dmytro Stepanskyi, Abbas Dolatabadi, Aisha Al Mufraji AL Mufraji, Elham Said Ahmed AL Risi, Garima Kapoor, Isabella Princess, Hatim Ali Eltahir, Hilal Al Sidairi, Kaitlyn Dougherty, Katia Iskandar, Ken Masters, Ibrahim Khalaf Hamdan AL Busaidi, Laila AL Yazidi, Mahfuza Nasrin, Mahmood Salim AL Subhi, Mallika Sengupta Mallika Sengupta, Manisha Khandait, Nada Khalfan AL Tamtami, Nada Khafan Alsiyabi, Nawal AL Kindi, Nazla Musthafa Luthfee, Neha Shreshtha, Nihal Mohamed Amur AL Riyami, Noora Hilal Ali AL Busaidi, Nupur Goel, Oksana Ishchenko, Omnia Mohamed Elnabawy Ahmed Taher, Pragnya Paramita Jena, Rajni Ekadashi, Razan Zadjali, Reba Kanungo, Sara Abolghasemi, Salima Al-maqbali, Sanjay Jaju, Sayantan Banerjee, Shadma Yaqoob, Shahnaz Sali, Shafqat Husnain Khan, Shalini Malhotra, Stephen Hughes, Sundas Shaukat, Syed Mohammed Atif, Vrushali Vishwas Patwardhan, Victorien Dougnon, Wahid Khan, Walid Wali, Zakariya AL Muharrmi, Zeeshana Basit, Jasashree Choudhury, Rachita Pravalina, Sanjeev Singh, Sarman Singh, Neelam Taneja, Raman Sardana, Pawan Kapoor, Rajeev Soman, Rashid Al Abri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: community acquired UTI; Escherichia coli; antimicrobial susceptibility; Indian subcontinent; MENA; GDP; temperature

Online: 24 September 2024 (12:32:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1

ToolCAP: Novel Tools to Improve the Management of Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia – a Preliminary Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial

Jacques Du Toit, Megan Palmer, Karim Manji, Papa Moctar Faye, Stephen Tollman, Moniek Bresser, Silvia Cicconi, Tracy Glass, Helene Langet, Klaus Reither, Evelyn Tshehla, Kristina Keitel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Lung Ultrasound; IMCI; Paediatric Pneumonia; Antibiotic Stewardship; Low-Resource Settings; Antimicrobial Resistance; Diagnostic Tools

Online: 30 July 2024 (16:37:06 CEST)

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Background Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), particularly pneumonia, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, especially in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines currently recommend antibiotic treatment for all case of with pneumonia based on clinical signs along, which can lead to over-prescription of antibiotics and contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Point of care Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool in this context and has demonstrated potential in distinguishing between bacterial and viral pneumonia, thus enabling more targeted antibiotic use. This study aims to explore whether integrating LUS into the IMCI-based management of clinical pneumonia will better identify those who would benefit from antibiotic treatment, reducing antibiotic overuse without compromising health outcomes. Methods An open label randomized controlled trial will enrol 3500 children aged 60 days to 12 years presenting with IMCI-defined pneumonia. Participants will be enrolled in Senegal, Tanzania, and South Africa. Participants will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1, stratified by site and age group (<5years, 5-12years) to either an intervention group, where LUS will guide antibiotic prescriptions utilising a predefined interpretation framework, or a control group receiving routine IMCI-based care. The co-primary outcomes of this study are the reduction in antibiotic use on the day of enrolment (Day 1) and rate of clinical failure by Day 8, using an acceptable clinical difference of 1.5x as a non-inferiority margin (delta of 2.5%). Secondary outcomes will include adverse drug reactions, cure rates, hospital admissions including in-patient duration, and cost-effectiveness. Data will be collected at baseline (Day 1), Day 8, and Day 29 post-enrolment. Discussion This study seeks to provide evidence on the clinical and public health benefits of using LUS to improve the diagnosis and management of paediatric pneumonia in low-resource settings. If this intervention proves effective it could contribute significantly toward reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, thereby addressing AMR. The potential for LUS to be integrated into routine clinical practice could revolutionize pneumonia management, especially in areas with limited access to advanced diagnostic tools. Trial Registration This trial will be registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and The South African National Clinical Trials Register (SANCTR) prior to participant enrolment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0465.v1

Synthesis and Investigation of Biological Activity of a Number of New Betulonic Acid Derivatives Containing 1,2,3-Triazole Fragments

Roza Ilemissovna Jalmakhanbetova, Gulim Kenesbekovna Mukusheva, Alisher Sheriyazdanovich Abdugalimov, Wim Dehaen, Stijn Anthonissen, Yerlan Melsuly Suleimen, Roza Battalova Seidakhmetova

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: betulonic acid; triterpenoid; lupan; natural product; chemical transformation; synthesis; spectroscopic method; cytotoxicity; antimicrobial activity

Online: 7 June 2024 (07:57:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0911.v1

Candida auris Outbreak in a Multidisciplinary Hospital in Romania, during Post-pandemic Era: Potential Solutions and Challenges in Surveillance and Epidemiological Control

Violeta Melinte, Alexandra Daniela Tudor, Adrian Georgian Bujoi, Adelina Maria Radu, Cristina Maria Văcăroiu, Miriana Cismaru, Tiberiu Sebastian Holban, Luminița Carmen Mîrzan, Ruxandra Popescu, Robert Cătălin Ciupan, Alin Baciu, Oriana Elena Moraru, Matei Popa-Cherecheanu, Valeriu Gheorghiță

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Candida auris hospital outbreak; emerging infections; antimicrobial resistance; healthcare-associated infections; post-pandemic era.

Online: 15 March 2024 (11:10:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1649.v2

Phylogenetic Analysis of Pyruvate-Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase, a Redox Enzyme Involved in the Activation of Nitro-Based Prodrugs in Bacteria and Protozoa

Seth Duwor, Daniela Brites, Pascal Mäser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase; metronidazole; reductive bioactivation; antimicrobial spectrum; comparative genomics; horizontal gene transfer ;

Online: 1 March 2024 (07:57:55 CET)

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Simple Summary: The distribution of typical bacterial redox enzymes such as pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) in protozoa remains interestingly puzzling. Previous studies have demonstrated diverse cellular localizations of PFOR in some amitochondriate anaerobic protozoa. PFOR is of particular pharmacological importance because it catalyzes the reductive bio-activation of nitro-based prodrugs to cytotoxic radical metabolites. Metronidazole was developed primarily as an antiprotozoal agent against infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. However, its antimicrobial spectrum was subsequently expanded to cover anaerobic bacterial infections. It has been shown that mutations in the genes encoding PFOR result in inherent resistance of PFOR-possessing anaerobic protozoa and bacteria to nitro-based prodrugs. Deciphering the evolutionary history of PFOR is crucial in deepening our understanding of the evolution of anaerobic pathogens and unfold new approaches for drug discovery and targeting in pathogen chemotherapy. Abstract: The present frontrunners in the chemotherapy of infections caused by protozoa are nitro-based prodrugs that are selectively activated by PFOR-mediated redox reactions. This study seeks to analyze the distribution of PFOR in selected protozoa and bacteria by applying comparative bioinformatics approaches to test the hypothesis that PFOR was most likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Furthermore, to identify other genes that were putatively acquired using proteome-wide and gene expression analyses. A plausible explanation for the patchy occurrence of PFOR in protozoa is based on the hypothesis that bacteria are potential sources of genes that enhance optimal adaptation of protozoa in hostile environments. The exclusively expressed proteins obtained from Entamoeba histolytica and the putative gene donor, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, showed an over-expression of eleven genes involved in intermediary metabolism. If these results can be reproduced in other PFOR-possessing protozoa, it would provide a more validated evidence to support the horizontal transfer of pfor from bacteria.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1101.v1

How Does Airway Surface Liquid Composition Vary in Different Pulmonary Diseases, and How Can We Use This Knowledge to Model Microbial Infections?

Dean Walsh, Jennifer Bevan, Freya Harrison

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: respiratory infection; airway surface liquid; infection models; antimicrobial susceptibility testing; ventilator-associated pneumonia; COPD

Online: 20 February 2024 (06:32:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2063.v1

In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Synthetic Peptide LyeTx I mn∆K, Derived From Lycosa erythrognatha Spider Toxin, Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Ana Paula Gonçalves Coelho Vieira, Amanda Neves De Souza, William Gustavo Lima, Julio Cesar Moreira Brito, Daniela Carolina Simião, Lucas Vinicius Ribeiro Gonçalves, Lídia Pereira Barbosa Cordeiro, Denise de Oliveira Scoaris, Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes, Jarbas Magalhães Resende, Burkhard Bechinger, Rodrigo Moreira Verly, Maria Elena De Lima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Lycosa erythrognatha; Skin infections; Action on membrane.

Online: 30 January 2024 (05:00:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1712.v1

Fabrication and Optimization of Electrospun Shellac Fibers Loaded with Senna alata Leaf Extract

Wah Wah Aung, Wantanwa Krongrawa, Sontaya Limmatvapirat, Pattranit Kulpicheswanich, Siriporn Okonogi, Chutima Limmatvapirat

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: electrospun fibers; fractional factorial design; Box-Behnken design; shellac; Senna alata; rhein; antimicrobial activity

Online: 22 December 2023 (07:16:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0842.v1

COVID-19 and the Interplay with Antibacterial Drug Resistance

Laxmi Kant Bhardwaj, Prangya Rath, Shubhansh Bajpai, Divya Upadhyay, Harshita Jain, Naresh Kumar, Shivani Sinha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; Antimicrobial resistance (AMR); WHO (World Health Organization); Human Health management; Antibacterial resistance

Online: 12 December 2023 (10:59:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0713.v1

Clinical and Microbiological Impact of Implementing a Decision Support Algorithm Through Microbiologic Rapid Diagnosis in Critically Ill Patients. An Epidemiological Retrospective Pre/Post Intervention Study

Alejandro H Rodriguez, Frederic Gomez, Carolina Sarvisé, Cristina Gutierrez, Montserrat Galofre-Giralt, María Dolores Guerrero-Torres, Sergio Pardo-Granell, Clara Benavent-Bofill, Sandra Trefler, Julen Berrueta, Laura Canadell, Laura Claverias, Erika Esteve-Pitarch, Montserrat Olona, Graciano García-Pardo, Xavier Teixido, Laura Bordonado, María Teresa Sans-Mateu, María Bodí

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: hospital infection; rapid microbiological test; antimicrobial consumption; defined daily dose; ventilator-associated pneumonia; filmarrays

Online: 13 November 2023 (08:35:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1454.v1

Whole Genome Sequencing Uncovers the Genetic Determinants of Colistin Resistance in Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients Admitted in the ICU of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kampala, Uganda

Maximilian A. K. Magulye, Reuben S. Maghembe, Simon Sekyanzi, Beatrice Achan, Savannah Mwesigwa, Eric Katagirya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, whole genome sequences (WGS), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), multidrug resistance (MDR), colistin resistance

Online: 23 October 2023 (13:26:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1502.v1

Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of Opilia amentacea Roxb. (Opiliaceae)

Ollo Youl, Belinda Ramata Hafouo MonéBassavé, Sibidou Yougbaré, Boubacar Yaro, Tata Kadiatou Traoré, Raïnatou Boly, Josias B. Gérard Yaméogo, Moumouni Koala, Noufou Ouedraogo, Elie Kabré, Halidou Tinto, Maminata TraoréCoulibaly, Adama Hilou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Opilia amentacea; phytochemical screening; antioxidant activity; antimicrobial activity; Minimal inhibitory concentration; Minimal bactericidal concentration

Online: 21 June 2023 (08:24:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0485.v1

Smart Materials in Medical Gloves

Maria José Lovato, Luis J. del Valle, Jordi Puiggalí, Lourdes Franco

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: medical gloves; natural rubber; synthetic rubber; bio-filler; reinforcing filler; antimicrobial properties; smart materials

Online: 7 June 2023 (08:20:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2258.v1

Resistant Bacteria in Broiler Litter Used as Ruminant Feed Before and After Litter Treatment

Sameer J. Mabjeesh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; anti-microbials; coccidiostats; MALDI-TOF-MS analysis; Kirby-Bauer test; broiler litter

Online: 31 May 2023 (13:26:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0410.v1

Multilayered Curcumin-loaded Hydrogel Microcarriers With Antimicrobial Function

Weronika Szczęsna, Marta Tsirigotis-Maniecka, Łukasz Lamch, Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska, Ewa Zboińska, Piotr Warszyński, Kazimiera Anna Wilk

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: multifunctional microcarriers; curcumin; decorated poly(acrylic acid); layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition; antimicrobial function

Online: 27 January 2022 (11:01:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0672.v1

Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Systematic Review on the Substances of Greatest Concern Responsible for the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance

Gabriele Frascaroli, Deborah Reid, Colin Hunter, Joanne Roberts, Karin Helwig, Janice Spencer, Ania Escudero

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Wastewater; Pharmaceutical residues; Antimicrobial Resistance; Wastewater treatment plants; Occurrence; Removal; Environmental Risk Assessment; Classification

Online: 28 June 2021 (14:53:01 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Emerging Public Health Challenges of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals and Environment

Kamelia M. Osman, Anthony D. Kappell, Edward M. Fox, Ahmed Orabi, Ahmed Samir

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: l. monocytogenes; humans; animals; food; antimicrobial and virulence genes; bioinformatic analysis; prfA phylogenetic analysis

Online: 17 November 2019 (09:48:54 CET)

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