This paper reports the overall thermal performance of a cylindrical parabolic concentrating solar water heater (CPCSWH) with inserting nail type twisted tape (NTT) in the copper absorber tube for the nail twist pitch ratios 4.787, 6.914 and 9.042 respectively. The experiments are conducted for a constant volumetric water flow rate and during the time period 9:00 h to 15:00 h. The useful heat gain, hourly solar energy collected and hourly solar energy stored of this solar water heater are found higher for nail twist pitch ratio 4.787. The above said parameters are found to be a peak at noon and observed to follow the path of variation of solar intensity. At the starting of the experiment, the value of charging efficiency is observed to be maximum. Whereas the maximum value of instantaneous efficiency and overall thermal efficiency are observed at noon. The key finding is that the nail twist pitch ratio enhances the overall thermal performance of the CPCSWH.

Background and objectives: TSC1 is a crucial component of the mTOR pathway, impacting cell growth, proliferation, and autophagy, while TSC2 is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell growth and is associated with the mTOR signaling pathway. In the present study, we analyzed TSC1 and TSC2 mRNA expression levels in rectal cancer, and evaluated the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of TSC1 and TSC2. Materials and Methods: TSC1 and TSC2 mRNA expression was examined in various cancer types. We further evaluated survival to determine the prognostic significance of TSC1 and TSC2 mRNA in CRC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Results: The study focused on rectal cancer, as it exhibited the most promising results. The patients were split into two subgroups, each comprising 50% of the total, based on the TSC gene expression levels. This division was made to assess the clinical characteristics associated with the expression of TSC1 and TSC2 genes. In the study, lower TSC1 expression was linked to venous invasion in rectal cancer patients, and there was also a related trend with lymphatic invasion, although it didn't reach statistical significance. Lower TSC2 expression was observed in younger patients and had some associations with sex and M stage, but these correlations were not statistically significant. When it came to survival analysis, TSC1 expression did not significantly impact overall survival, while higher TSC2 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in rectal cancer. To enhance our comprehension, additional research, especially in larger case studies, is needed to explore the molecular mechanisms and clinical characteristics of TSC genes in colorectal cancer.

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate genes involved in the biogenesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. SREBPs are involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We review the mechanisms by which SREBPs regulate lipogenesis, the alterations in these processes associated with liver diseases, and therapeutic strategies to target these pathways.

The experiment was carried out during October 2022 to January 2023 at Mae Hea Agricultural Research, Demonstration and Training Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand; latitude: 18° 44′ 36″ North, Longitude: 98° 57′ 50″ East, and an al-titude 304 msl. Evaporative greenhouse, 9.6 x 40 square meters, with 8 planting troughs was prepared, Sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) system were installed to monitor continuously vital parameters, collect data, and send timely alerts to facilitate problem resolution. The data were displayed via IoT platform dashboard. An average air temperature, light intensity, media moisture and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse during 4 months was 21.1 ◦C, 12,948 Lux, 2 kPa and 495 ppm, respectively. The average maximum temperature in the evaporative greenhouse was 29.6 ◦C, which 4.2 ◦C lower than outside; 33.8 ◦C. Root-zone cooling of the strawberry planting was de-signed as factorial 3x4 in completely randomized design (CRD). Factor A was the short-day strawberry cultivars: 1) “Pharachatan 88” 2) “Pharachatan 80” and 3) “Akihime”. Factor B was the root-zone cooling treatments: 1) normal water dripping (NWD) 2) cold water dripping (CWD) 3) cold water dripping + cold water piping (CWD+CWP) and 4) normal water dripping + cold water piping (NWD+CWP). The results revealed that there was an interaction between the two factors on canopy width, leave width, crown diameter, number of flowers, fruit qualities and fruit color, whereas plant height, leaves length, SPAD and number of inflorescences were not affected by the interaction between the two factors. Four months after the experiment, the root-zone cooling treatments had no effect on chlorophyll contents, whereas “Pharachatan 80” had lower chlorophyll content than others. The CWD+CWP treatment could reduce 2 °C of root-zone temperature and leading to promote vegetative and reproductive growth in strawberry plants. Anyhow, without the root-zone cooling treatment, “Akihime”and “Pharachatan 88” still could produce flowers and yield, but “Pharachatan 80” could not. Furthermore, “Akihime” seemed appreciable in flowering, TSS and yield as compared to others.

This paper presents a 32 GHz high power amplifier (HPA) with a design strategy to achieve a high-power output with reliable operation for the Ka-band deep space satellite communication in 150 nm GaN HEMT technology. The presented Ka-band HPA employs a cascaded two-stage common source amplifier topology, and the output stage is comprised of an 8-way power combining network in current mode. The interstage matching network is designed with the bandpass configuration utilizing capacitors and transmission lines to provide better stability at the low-frequency regime. The implemented Ka-band HPA achieved a peak power gain of 7.3 dB at 32 GHz and a 3 dB bandwidth was 3.5 GHz between 31.3 and 34.8 GHz. The saturated output power at the peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 19.3% was 38.2 dBm, and the output 1 dB gain compression point (OP1dB) was 27.4 dBm in the measurement. The designed HPA consumes an area of 19.35 mm^2 including RF signal, and DC pads

This research was conducted to manufacture thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) for vehicles’ underbody coating and to apply them on an industrial scale. TEMs heat resistance was studied depending on the ratios of a cross-linking agent and an initiator. This research focused on the content of a cross-linking agent and how it affected the results. The TEMs’ outer shell was thickened to solve the problem of the foam expansion ratio’s reduction that occurred due to the shrinkage after the maximum expansion (Tmax) was reached. After foaming, the cross-sectional thickness and surface of the sample with thickened outer shell were observed. The TEMs with the thickened shell showed the least shrinkage, which indicated excellent shrinkage stability, even after prolonged exposure to heat.

This research was conducted to manufacture thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) for vehicles’ underbody coating and to apply them on an industrial scale. TEMs heat resistance was studied depending on the ratios of a cross-linking agent and an initiator. This research focused on the content of a cross-linking agent and how it affected the results. The TEMs’ outer shell was thickened to solve the problem of the foam expansion ratio’s reduction that occurred due to the shrinkage after the maximum expansion (Tmax) was reached. After foaming, the cross-sectional thickness and surface of the sample with thickened outer shell were observed. The TEMs with the thickened shell showed the least shrinkage, which indicated excellent shrinkage stability, even after prolonged exposure to heat.

Background and objective K. pneumoniae appeared to be a significant problem due to its ability to accumulate antibiotic-resistance genes. After 2013, alarming colistin resistance rates among carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae have been reported in the Balkans. The study aims to perform an epidemiological, clinical, and genetic analysis of a local outbreak of COLr CR-Kp. Material and methods All carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates observed among patients in the ICU unit of Military Medical Academy, Sofia from 1 January to 31 October 2023 were included. The results were analyzed according to the EUCAST criteria. All isolates were screened for blaVIM, blaIMP, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48. Genetic similarity was determined using the Dice coefficient as a similarity measure and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). mgrB genes and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5) were investigated. Results There was a total of 379 MDR-K. pneumoniae isolates, 88% of which were carbapenem-resistant. Of them, there were 9 (2.7%) colistin-resistant isolates in six patients. A time and space cluster for five patients was found. Epidemiology typing showed that two isolates belonged to clone A (pts. 1, 5) and the rest to clone B (pts. 2-4) with 69% similarity. Clone A were coproducers of blaNDM-like and blaOXA-48-like and had mgrB-mediated colistin resistance (40%). Clone B isolates had only blaOXA-48-like and intact mgrB genes. All isolates were negative for mcr-1,-2,-3,-4,-5 genes. Conclusions The study describes a within-hospital spread of two clones of COLr CR-Kp with a 60% mortality rate. Clone A were coproducers of NDM-1 and OXA-48-like enzymes and had mgrB-mediated colistin resistance. Clone B isolates had only OXA-48-like enzymes and intact mgrB genes. No plasmid-mediated was found. The extremely high mortality rate and limited treatment options warrant strict measures to prevent outbreaks.

In this paper, the problem of predicting future failure times based on a jointly type-II censored sample from k exponential populations is considered. The Bayesian prediction intervals and point predictors were then obtained. Generalized Bayes is a Bayesian study based on a learning-rate parameter. This study investigated the effects of the learning rate parameters on the prediction results. The loss functions of squared error, Linex, and general entropy were used as point predictors. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to show the effectiveness of the learning rate parameter in improving the results of prediction intervals and point predictors.

High-resolution K-shell photoionization cross-sections for the C-like atomic nitrogen ion (N+) are reported in the 398 eV (31.15 Å) to 450 eV (27.55 Å) energy (wavelength) range. The results were obtained from absolute ion-yield measurements using the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility for spectral bandpasses of 65 meV or 250 meV. In the photon energy region 398 eV - 403 eV, 1s⟶2p autoionizing resonance states dominated the cross section spectrum. Analyses of the experimental profiles yielded resonance strengths and Auger widths. In the 415 eV - 440 eV photon region 1s⟶1s2s22p2 4Pnp and 1s⟶1s2s22p2 2Pnp resonances forming well-developed Rydberg series up n=7 and n=8 , respectively, were identified in both the single and double ionization spectra. Theoretical photoionization cross-section calculations, performed using the R-matrix plus pseudo-states (RMPS) method and the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) approach were bench marked against these high-resolution experimental results. Comparison of the state-of-the-art theoretical work with the experimental studies allowed the identification of new resonance features. Resonance strengths, energies and Auger widths (where available) are compared quantitatively with the theoretical values. Contributions from excited metastable states of the N+ ions were carefully considered throughout.

Trichomes are a common morphological defense against pests, in particular, type IV glandular trichomes have been associated with resistance against different invertebrates. Cultivated tomatoes usually lack or have a very low density of type IV trichomes. Thus, specific breeding programs to incorporate these natural defences, that are common within the Solanum genus, might improve a more sustainable management. We have identified a S. pimpinellifolium accession with very high density of this type of trichomes. Two F2 mapping populations using two different parents have been developed, characterized and genotyped using a new genotype methodology, K-seq. We have been able to build an ultra-dense genetic map with 147,326 markers with an average distance between markers of 0.2 cM that has allowed us to perform a detailed mapping. We have used two different families and two different approaches, QTL mapping and QTL-seq, to identify several QTLs implicated in the control of trichome type IV developed in this accession on the chromosomes 5, 6, 9 and 11. The QTL located on chromosome 9 is a major QTL that has not been previously reported in S. pimpinellifolium that increases by a factor of 9 the density of trichomes.

In our previous study, a novel barrier processing on a porous low-dielectric constant (low-k) film was developed: an ultrathin Mn oxide on a nitrogen-stuffed porous carbon-doped organosilica film (p-SiOCH(N)) as a barrier of the Cu film was fabricated. To form a better barrier Mn₂O_3-xN film, an additional annealing at 450°C was implemented. In this study, the electrical characteristics and reliability of this integrated Cu/Mn₂O_3-xN/p-SiOCH(N)/Si structure is investigated. The proposed Cu/Mn₂O_3-xN/p-SiOCH(N)/Si capacitors exhibited poor dielectric breakdown characteristics in the as-fabricted stage, although, less degradation was found after thermal stress. Moreover, its time-dependence-dielectric-breakdown electric-field acceleration factor slightly increased after thermal stress, leading to a larger dielectric lifetime in a low electric-field as compared to other MIS capacitors. Furthermore, its Cu barrier ability under electrical or thermal stress was improved. As a consequent, the proposed Cu/Mn₂O_3-xN/p-SiCOH(N) scheme is a promising integrity for back-end-of-line interconnects.

Increased nutrient withdrawal by rapidly expanding intensive cropping systems, in combination with imbalanced fertilization, is leading to potassium (K) depletion from agricultural soils in Asia. There is an urgent need to better understand the soil K-supplying capacity and K-use efficiency of crops to address this issue. Maize is increasingly being grown in rice-based systems in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh and North East India. The high nutrient extraction, especially K, however, causes concerns for the sustainability of maize production systems in the region. The present study was designed to estimate, through a plant-based method, the magnitude, and variation in K-supplying capacity of a range of soils from the maize-growing areas and the K-use efficiency of maize in Bangladesh. Eighteen diverse soils were collected from several upazillas (or sub-districts) under 11 agro-ecological zones to examine their K-supplying capacity from the soil reserves and from K fertilization (@ 100 mg K kg-1 soil) for successive seven maize crops grown up to V10-V12 in pots inside a net house. A validation field experiment was conducted with five levels of K (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) and two fertilizer recommendations based on “Nutrient Expert for Maize-NEM” and “Maize Crop Manager-MCM” decision support tools (DSSs) in 12 farmers’ fields in Rangpur, Rajshahi and Comilla districts in Bangladesh. Grain yield and yield attributes of maize responded significantly (P < 0.001) to K fertilizer, with grain yield increase from 18 to 79% over control in all locations. Total K uptake by plants not receiving K fertilizer, considered as potential K-supplying capacity of the soil in the pot experiment, followed the order: Modhukhali >Mithapukur >Rangpur Sadar >Dinajpur Sadar >Jhinaidah Sadar >Gangachara >Binerpota >Tarash >Gopalpur >Daudkandi >Paba >Modhupur >Nawabganj Sadar >Shibganj >Birganj >Godagari >Barura >Durgapur. Likewise in the validation field experiment, the K-supplying capacity of soils was 83.5, 60.5 and 57.2 kg ha-1 in Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Comilla, respectively. Further, the order of K-supplying capacity for three sites was similar to the results from pot study confirming the applicability of results to other soils and maize-growing areas in Bangladesh and similar soils and areas across South Asia. Based on the results from pot and field experiments, we conclude that the site-specific K management using the fertilizer DSSs can be the better and more efficient K management strategy for maize.

Recently, representation formulae and monotonicity properties of generalized k-Bessel functions, Wk v,c., were established and studied by SR Mondal [24]. In this paper, we pursue and investigate some of their image formulae. We then extract solutions for fractional kinetic equations, involving Wk v,c, by means of their Sumudu transforms. In the process, Important special cases are then revealed, and analyzed.

A field experiment was conducted for 2 years in Green Tea Laboratory of Saitama Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Iruma, Saitama, Japan from March 2014 to December 2015. Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) or organic fertilizers (ORG) which is the mixture of chicken manure and oil cakewere applied with the amount of 450 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 in 2014 and 397 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 in 2015. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissionsfrom soil in green tea fields were measured by closed chamber method. The results showed that CRF has significantly lower N₂O compared to ORG. The cumulative N₂O emissions from CRF accounted for 51% of N₂O emissions from ORG fields and 138% of control with no fertilizer treatment. The N₂O flux from the row was higher than that of under the canopy, since fertilizer were applied on the row. However the total emission from the area between the rows was lower than that under the canopy because of the area ratio of row and canopy was 1:5.

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment poses a threat to ecosystems and increases concerns about their exposure to the human body. However, despite being consumed for health improvement, limited research has been conducted on MPs in functional foods. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of MPs and the relation of the source of raw material or the manufacture in various omega-3 oil in the Korean market. MPs in omega-3 capsule and raw oil, sourced from both plant-based (PB) and animal-based (AB) sources, were investigated. We developed the method by direct filtration with acetone washing and analyzed MPs greater than 5 μm using microscope-Raman spectroscopy. The average number of MPs was found to be 1.2 ± 1.7 MPs/g for PB raw oil, 2.2 ± 1.7 MPs/g for AB raw oil, 3.5 ± 3.9 MPs/g for PB capsule oil, and 10.6 ± 8.9 MPs/g for AB capsule oil. Polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate were major specious (83-95 %) found in omega-3 oil. The ratio of size range remained consistent across all groups, with a trend of higher detection rates as the size diminished. The results reveal that the main reason of MPs contamination is not the source of raw material but the manufacturing and packaging process for omega-3 oil.

This paper describes the E-Sense Artificial Intelligence system. It comprises of a memory model with 2 levels of information and then a more neural layer above that. The lower memory level stores source data in a Markov (n-gram) structure that is unweighted. Then a middle ontology level is created from a further 3 phases of aggregating source information. Each phase re-structures from an ensemble to a tree, where the information transposition may be from horizontal set-based sequences into more vertical, typed-based clusters. The base memory is essentially neutral, where any weighted constraints or preferences should be stored in the calling module. The success of the ontology typing is open to question, but results produced answers based more on use and context. The third level is more functional, where each function can represent a subset of the base data and learn how to transpose across it. The functional structures are shown to be quite orthogonal, or separate and are made from nodes with a progressive type of capability, including unordered to ordered. Comparisons with the columnar structure of the neural cortex can be made and the idea of ordinal learning, or just learning relative positions, is introduced. While this is still a work in progress, it offers a different architecture to the current favourites and may be able to give different views of the data from what they can provide.

Edge computing has emerged as a significant computing trend alongside the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT). Computing operations at the network’s edge offer a solution to the high latency and service overload challenges often associated with cloud computing. Additionally, the Secure Hash Algorithm-3 (SHA-3) plays a crucial role in ensuring data integrity and is implemented for numerous applications in the IoT field. Therefore, integrating the SHA-3 accelerator into edge computing is essential. Moreover, recent studies about SHA-3 have primarily focused on achieving high performance and optimizing resource utilization for SHA-3. However, these studies have overlooked the crucial aspect of data transfer between the external memory and the hash function block, as transfer time plays a significant role. This paper proposes an efficient SHA-3 architecture designed for System-on-Chip (SoC) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to address the aforementioned challenges and be suitable for real edge computing. The architecture contains three key techniques. First, the harmony of padding and Direct Memory Access (DMA) for managing the data transfer process and enhancing performance efficiency based on Serial Input to Parallel Output (SIPO) and a barrel shifter. Secondly, implementing internal pipelining within the Round Function (RF) to reduce critical path delays and optimize resource utilization. Finally, designing four modes (SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, and SHA3-512) to cater to various applications. Our architecture is implemented and tested on the DE10-Standard Development Kit (Cyclone V SX SoC-5CSXFC6D6F31C6N), which is integrated into the FPGA and is controlled by a Dual-Core ARM Cortex-A9 processor. The result is up to 38.34 Gbps in throughput and 5.61 Mbps/ALM in efficiency for the RF computation, 28.02 Gbps in throughput, and 3.63 Mbps/ALM for the full proposed architecture.

Fish oil rich in polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids is extracted in high yield from anchovy filleting waste using d-limonene as green biosolvent in a simple solid-liquid extraction performed by mechanically stirring and maceration followed by limonene removal via evaporation under reduced pressure. As limonene is renewably obtained from waste orange peel, this protocol establishes a circular bioeconomy method to obtain valued omega-3 extracts from biowaste available worldwide in several million t/year amount. The method closes the materials cycle and opens the route to full valorisation of an important biological resource so far mostly discarded as waste. Significant economic opportunities benefiting local communities, the ecosystem and public health are anticipated.

Concrete, the most-used construction material by weight, presents a significant environmental challenge due to its high production environmental footprint and huge quantities of demolition waste.Iran, with a thriving construction sector, faces escalating waste management issues.This paper provides a comprehensive review of strategies to increase concrete recycling in Iran. It explores the current state of concrete recycling practices, the environmental and economic benefits, and the existing barriers hindering wider adoption.The paper then analyzes various strategies across the concrete life cycle, including: demolition practices, collection and transportation systems, processing technologies, and market development for recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs).Several case studies are examined in order to identify best practices and strategies used by countries with successful concrete recycling programs that provide valuable insights about the factors contributing to their success which will be useful for implementation in Iran.Furthermore, the review concludes with recommendations tailored to the Iranian context, emphasizing the crucial role of collaboration between different stakeholders in Iran.

Tribal healers and local practitioners possess knowledge about plant uses passed down through generations. However, habitat loss, unsustainable harvesting, and declining traditional knowledge threaten this valuable resource. India, a global biodiversity hotspot, is rich in medicinal plants. Documenting the traditional knowledge prevents it from being lost and ensures the preservation of this cultural heritage. Recording traditional practices helps bridge the gap between traditional and modern medicine. This study quantifies the ethnomedicinal uses of plants within the Sohag Wildlife Sanctuary. The findings contribute to preserving traditional knowledge and promoting the sustainable use of medicinal plants. The study documented 95 medicinal plant species from 39 families, highlighting the importance of ethnomedicinal studies for preserving traditional knowledge and ensuring the sustainable use of medicinal plants. In the future, scientific studies can be organized to understand their efficacy, leading to developing new, potentially safer, and more effective medications. Identifying and documenting medicinal plants is crucial in safeguarding cultural heritage, fostering scientific discovery, and promoting sustainable healthcare practices.

The structural integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is important because it dictates the functionality of this system. Regarding this, GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissues) have a significant role in immunity. Most cancer research focuses on organized lymphoid structures and less on diffuse structures such as the lamina propria (LP). Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the link between LP and cancer in humans. The interstitial matrix and loose connective tissue layer located directly under the epithelium is known as the LP. In this area, there are a lot of IgA+ plasma cells (PCs), T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and stromal cells (SCs). Antigens from the lumen are picked up by LP DCs and presented directly to B cells, which may cause IgA class switching and differentiation in the presence of T cells. In humans, the GALT of the mucosa has been proposed as the source of a unique malignancy known as "GALT carcinoma," which is thought to represent the "third pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis." However, present colorectal cancer classifications do not define GALT carcinoma as a separate histologic category.

This paper presents an economic feasibility analysis for constructing a 100 MW floating solar power plant in Korea, aimed at utilizing idle water spaces to mitigate geographical limitations for large-scale renewable energy projects. Employing both Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis and Real Options Analysis (ROA), the study evaluates the economic viability and strategic flexibility of the project under future market uncertainties. The DCF method reveals an NPV of 11,863 thousand USD and a B/C ratio of 1.1, indicating baseline feasibility. However, the ROA demonstrates the value of adaptive strategies, with real option values showing that plant expansion (to 200 MW) is economically advantageous under favorable conditions. This approach supports strategic decision-making aligned with Korea’s renewable energy targets. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating market uncertainties into feasibility assessments and proposes detailed strategies for expanding renewable energy generation.

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation within arterial walls. Early detection in young adults is crucial for preventing adverse cardiovascular events. This study investigates the associations between inflammatory indices, lipid biomarkers, and the presence of atherosclerosis in patients aged 18 to 55 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 89 participants divided into two groups: 62 patients with documented atherosclerosis (main group) and 27 healthy controls without significant atherosclerosis. Comprehensive data—including demographic information, medication use, imaging results, laboratory parameters, and calculated inflammatory indices (SIRI, SII, AISI, NLR, PLR, MLR)—were collected. Statistical analyses included correlation assessments, group comparisons using the Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression modeling, feature importance analysis with Random Forest and Gradient Boosting classifiers, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and K-means clustering. Results: Significant differences were observed between the main and control groups. Patients with atherosclerosis exhibited elevated inflammatory indices (SIRI, NLR, MLR, SII) and lipid profile abnormalities (higher TC and LDL-C, lower HDL-C). Lp(a) and ANGPTL3 levels were significantly higher in the main group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Logistic regression identified SIRI and ANGPTL3 as significant predictors of atherosclerosis, with the model demonstrating high accuracy (77%) and sensitivity (93%). Feature importance analysis confirmed the significance of SIRI and ANGPTL3, alongside traditional lipid biomarkers, in predicting disease presence. ROC analysis showed excellent model performance (AUC > 0.80). Clustering analysis revealed two distinct patient subgroups characterized by predominant inflammatory profiles or lipid metabolism disturbances. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation and lipid abnormalities play significant roles in early atherosclerosis among young adults. Elevated SIRI and ANGPTL3 levels are potent predictors of disease presence. The integration of inflammatory indices and lipid biomarkers into predictive models enhances risk stratification and supports personalized medicine approaches. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to validate these findings and inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

The phycobilisomes (PBS) of cyanobacteria and red algae are the primary light-harvesting an-tennas, absorbing solar energy and transporting it to photosynthetic reaction centres with ex-traordinary efficiency and rate. The mechanism of energy transfer in PBS should be investigated in conjunction with biological structural information, as the functions of proteins result from structures. Here, we report the energy transfer study in PBS from a thermophilic cyanobacte-rium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus NIES 2134 (T. 2134), with the Cryo-EM model resolved at near-atomic-resolution recently. The time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of PBS with the sub-picosecond resolution was discovered at 77K. Deconvolution of the fluorescence decay curve was then used to reveal the energy transfer channels and the associated transfer rates. Expert for the fluorescence lifetimes of terminal emitters, four time-components, i.e., 9 ps, 13 ps, 23 ps, and 55 ps, were recognised in the energy transfer in PBS. The energy transfer dynamics in PBS were further analysed by combining the cryo-EM structure and the spectral property. The findings aid our understanding of the energy transfer mechanisms in PBS.

According to Copenhagen interpretation, a quantum particle can exist in a superposition of all possible states, out of which only one state is observed when it is measured. Interestingly, it has been observed that interaction with the quantum particle during measurement can also affect the outcome of the state. A scheme for interaction free measurement was proposed by Elitzur and Vaidman [Found. Phys. 23, 987 (1993)], where they used Mach Zehnder interferometer to detect whether a bomb is alive or dead. In 25 % of the cases they were able to detect that the bomb is alive without exploding it. Here, we demonstrate the above experiment using quantum computing, which can be realized in a quantum computer designing quantum circuits on it. We explicate all the cases, including whether the bomb is alive or dead by proposing new quantum circuits and executing those in QISKit as provided by IBM Quantum Experience platform and verify the obtained results.

Enhancement in the strength of austenitic steels with a small content of carbon can be achieved by a limited number of methods, among which is the ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure formation, especially efficient with the use of severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing that enables increasing significantly the contribution of grain-boundary strengthening, and also involves a combination of other strengthening factors (work hardening, twins, etc.). In this paper, we demonstrate that the use of SPD processing combined with conventional methods of deformation treatment of metals, such as rolling, may lead to an additional strengthening of UFG steel. Analysis of the results of the study on the change of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cr-Ni stainless austenitic steel after a combined deformation reveals a substantial increase in the strength properties of this steel, resulting from a consecutive application of SPD processing via equal-channel angular pressing and rolling at a temperature of 400 С, yielding a strength more than 1.5 times higher that that produced by any of these two methods used separately.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are responsible for transmitting major human arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya, posing a global threat to public health. The lack of etio-logical treatments and efficient vaccines makes vector control strategies essential for reducing vector population density and interrupting pathogen transmission cycle. This study evaluated the impact of long-term pyriproxyfen exposure on the genetic structure and diversity of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquito populations. The study was conducted in Manaus, Amazonas, Bra-zil, where pyriproxyfen dissemination stations have been monitored since 2014 up to the present day. Double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing was performed, revealing that despite significant local population reductions, focal pyriproxyfen interventions have no signifi-cant impact on the population stratification of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in urban scenarios. The genetic structuring level of Ae. aegypti suggests it is more stratified and directly affected by PPF intervention, while for Ae. albopictus exhibits a more homogeneous and less structured popu-lation. The results suggest that although slight differences are observed among mosquitoes sub-populations, intervention focused on neighborhoods in a capital city is not efficient in terms of genetic structuring, indicating that larger-scale pyriproxyfen interventions should be considered for more effective urban mosquito control.

The copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydoxyhexanoate (3HHx), PHBHHx, is a bi-odegradable plastic that has a high flexibility, softness, wide process window and marine bio-degradability. PHBHHx is usually produced from structurally related carbon sources such as vegetable oils or fatty acids but not from inexpensive carbon sources like sugars. In the previous studies, we demonstrated that engineered strains of hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Cupriavidus necator synthesized PHBHHx with high cellular content from not only sugars but also from CO2 as the sole carbon source in the flask culture. In this study, highly efficient production of PHBHHx from CO2 was investigated by pH-stat jar cultivation of the recombinant C. necator strains with feeding the substrate gas mixture (H2/O2/CO2=8:1:1) to complete mineral medium in recycled-gas closed-circuit culture system. As the result with the strain MF01/pBPP-ccrMeJAc-emd, the dry cell mass and PHBHHx concentration reached up to 59.62 ± 3.18 g･L-1 and 49.31 ± 3.14 g･L-1, respectively after 212 h of jar cultivation with limited addition of ammonia and phosphate solutions. The 3HHx composition was close to 10 mol% which is suitable for practical applica-tions. It is expected that autotrophic cultivation of the recombinant C. necator can be a feasible process for mass production of PHBHHx from CO2.

Age is an influential factor in the Second Language Acquisition (SLA). The debate on whether young learners are more successful than older learners has been going on for more than half of a century, starting from the Critical Period Hypothesis, which is based on brain structure. This study examines a range of studies revolving around the Critical Period Hypothesis in the past several decades to analyze the common SLA belief ‘Younger learners are more skillful than older learners in acquiring second language.’ The study disagrees that all younger learners are more advantageous than older learners in all areas of SLA. In fact, learners from different age categories have unique advantages and disadvantages in SLA. Moreover, the study approves a more holistic perspective on a wider range of non-biological factors that impact the success of SLA. At the end, the study puts forward a diversity of instructional methods that suit children and adolescents specifically in Vietnamese English Education context.

Rare ginsenoside compound K (CK), is an intestinal microbial metabolite with a low natural abundance that is primarily produced by physicochemical processing, side chain modification, or metabolic transformation in the gut. Moreover, CK exhibits potent biological activity compared to primary ginsenosides, which has raised concerns in the field of ginseng research and development as well as ginsenosides-related dietary supplements and natural products. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are generally used as a substrate to generate CK via several bio-conversion processes. Current research shows that CK has a wide range of pharmacological actions including boosting osteogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties. Further research on the bioavailability and toxicology of CK can advance its medicinal application. The purpose of this review is to lay the groundwork for future clinical studies and the development of CK as a therapy for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the toxicology and pharmacology of CK are investigated as well in this review. The findings indicate that CK primarily modulates signal-ing pathways associated with AMPK, SIRT1, PPARs, WNTs, and NF-kB. It also demonstrates a positive therapeutic effect of CK on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and its complications, as well as osteoporosis. Additionally, the analogues of CK showed more bioavailability, less toxicity, and more efficacy against disease states. Enhancing bioavailability and regulating hazardous variables are crucial for its use in clinical trials.

Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) is an attractive method to solve nonlinear equations in nuclear engineering systems, and has been successfully applied to steady-state neutron diffusion (k-eigenvalue) problems and multi-physics coupling problems. Preconditioning technique plays an important role in JFNK algorithm, significantly affecting computational efficiency. The key point is how to automatically construct a high-quality preconditioning matrix that can improve the convergence rate, and perform the preconditioning matrix factorization efficiently. An efficient reordering-based ILU(k) preconditioner is proposed to achieve the above objectives. In detail, the finite difference technique combined with the coloring algorithm is utilized to construct an efficient preconditioning matrix with low computational cost automatically. Furthermore, the reordering algorithm is employed for the ILU(k) to reduce the additional non-zero elements and pursue robust computational performance. A two-dimensional LRA neutron steady-state benchmark problem is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed preconditioning technique, and steady-state neutron diffusion problem with thermal-hydraulic feedback is also utilized as a supplement. The results show that coloring algorithms can efficiently and automatically construct the preconditioning matrix. The reordering-based ILU(k) preconditioner shows excellent robustness, avoiding the effect of fill-in levels k choice in incomplete LU factorization.

This work introduces a novel numerical method designed to address three-dimensional unsteady free surface flows incorporating integral viscoelastic constitutive equations, specifically, the K-BKZ-PSM (Kaye–Bernstein, Kearsley, Zapas - Papanastasiou, Scriven, Macosko) model. The new proposed methodology employs a second-order finite difference approach along with the deformation fields method to solve the integral constitutive equation, and the marker-particle method (known as \emph{Marker-and-Cell}) to accurately capture the evolution of the fluid's free surface. The newly developed numerical method has proven its effectiveness in handling complex fluid flow scenarios, including confined flows and extrudate swell simulations of Boger fluids. Furthermore, a new semi-analytical solution for velocity and stress fields is derived, considering fully developed flows of a K-BKZ-PSM fluid in a pipe.

In this opinion article, we have analyzed the relevancy of a hypothesis which is based on the idea that in Arabidopsis thaliana jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense system against necrotrophic fungi is weakened when NO3- supply is high. Such hypothesis is based on the fact that when NO3- supply is high, it induces an increase in the amount of bioactive ABA which induces the sequestration of the phosphatase ABI2 (PP2C) into the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor. Consequently, the Ca sensors CBL1/9 - CIPK23 are not dephosphorylated by ABI2, thus remaining able to phosphorylate targets such as AtNPF6.3 and AtKAT1, a NO3- and K+ transporters respectively. Therefore, the impact of phosphorylation on the regulation of these two transporters, could 1) reduce NO3- influx as in its phosphorylated state AtNPF6.3 shifts to low capacity state and 2) increase K+ influx, as in its phosphorylated state KAT1 becomes more active. It is also well known that in the roots K+ loading in the xylem and its transport to the shoot is activated in the presence of NO3-. As such, the enrichment of plant tissues in K+ can impair jasmonic acid (JA) regulatory pathway and the induction of the corresponding biomarkers. The latter are known to be up-regulated under K+ deficiency and inhibited when K+ is resupplied. We therefore suggest that increased K+ uptake and tissue content induced by high NO3- supply modifies JA regulatory pathway, resulting in weakened JA-mediated plant’s defense system against necrotrophic fungi.

Pathologies of the blood brain barrier (BBB) have been linked to a multitude of CNS disorders whose pathology is poorly understood. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has long been postulated to be involved in the underlying mechanisms of these disease states, yet full understanding remains elusive. This study utilized an in vitro model of the BBB with b.End3 murine endothelial cells to investigate the role of CSD in BBB pathology by characterizing effects of the release of major pronociceptive substances on BBB functional integrity using TEER screening, transcellular uptake, and immunoreactive methods in concert with global proteome and phospho-proteomic approaches. Findings demonstrated relocalization and functional alteration to proteins associated with the cytoskeleton and endothelial tight junctions. Pathologic mechanisms induced by individual substances released during CSD were found to have unique phosphorylation signatures in phospho-proteome analysis, identifying Zona Occludens 1 as a possible pathologic “checkpoint” of the BBB. Utilizing these phosphorylation signatures, possible novel diagnostic methods may be developed for neurological diseases and warrants further investigation.

The impact of nutrients on the environment, particularly on water bodies, has led to extensive studies for nutrient control. Within this context, studies have been focused on source separation of human urine from domestic wastewater to recover nutrients. Potassium is one of the most important components of human urine. However, data on potassium removal or recovery are quite limited except for some indirect information through use of zeolites for mostly ammonia removal. Potassium struvite or K-struvite (MgKPO₄·6H₂O) is a sparingly soluble salt belonging to struvite and has the potential of being used as a means of potassium and phosphate recovery from segregated human urine. This study aimed to assess the potential of K-struvite precipitation for control and recovery of nutrients. Within this context, K-struvite precipitation experiments were performed on both synthetically prepared samples and synthetic human urine solution to determine effect of operation parameters i.e. pH, stoichiometry, and temperature on potassium recovery performance. Results indicated that process performance as well as type of solid phases co-precipitated with K-struvite were closely related to initial potassium concentration, pH and reaction stoichiometry. At pH 10, the potassium recovery efficiency was maximized up to 87% by application of 100% excess dose of Mg and P for both synthetic samples and synthetic human urine solution. On the other hand, application of excess dose of K did not provide any improvement in K recovery efficiency. The effect of temperature on solubility of K-struvite was insignificant at the temperature of 24-90°C. Solid phase analyses confirmed that K-struvite was co-precipitated with either Mg₃(PO₄)₂, MgNaPO₄·7H₂O, or MgHPO₄·7H₂O depending on pH and stoichiometry instead of a pure compound.

It is unclear how important it is to reduce fluoroquinolone consumption in the general population to prevent the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bystander selection). Methods We assessed bystander selection by using Spearman’s correlation to assess if the country-level prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was correlated with the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in four other gram-negative species - Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was positively associated with homologous resistance in all 4 species - A. baumanii. (ρ=0.61, P=0.0003, E. coli (ρ=0.67, P<0.0001), K. pneumoniae (ρ=0.52, P=0.0004) and P. aeruginosa (ρ=0.40, P=0.0206). Positive associations were also found between the national prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and fluoroquinolone consumption in the general population in the preceding year for 4 of the 5 species. Conclusions Gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance can be productively viewed as being part of a syndemic of fluoroquinolone resistance. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs may help retard the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the world and Quoting from WHO, around 31% of deaths in the world are caused by cardiovascular diseases and more than 75% of deaths occur in developing countries. The results of patients with cardiovascular disease produce many medical records that can be used for further patient management. This study aims to develop a method of data mining by grouping patients with cardiovascular disease to determine the level of patient complications in the two clusters. The method applied is principal component analysis (PCA) which aims to reduce the dimensions of the large data available and the techniques of data mining in the form of cluster analysis which implements the K-Medoids algorithm. The results of data reduction with PCA resulted in five new components with a cumulative proportion variance of 0.8311. The five new components are implemented for cluster formation using the K-Medoids algorithm which results in the form of two clusters with a silhouette coefficient of 0.35. Combination of techniques of Data reduction by PCA and the application of the K-Medoids clustering algorithm are new ways for grouping data of patients with cardiovascular disease based on the level of patient complications in each cluster of data generated.

Background: Pancreatic invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in Japan. The early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, which will increase the number of patients with resectable tumors, is urgently needed. The purpose of the present study was to examine the earliest signs of pancreatic abnormalities on CT in order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of PDAC. Methods: Forty-one patients with pancreatic cancer and their 154 CTs were selected for the present study. We used the images that were acquired prior to the diagnosis and examined the pancreas in these images to observe serial changes in the morphology of the pancreas after selecting CT images in which PDAC was suspected. We also confirmed whether the main pancreatic duct was observed around that area of the pancreas. Four thousand two hundred seventy-seven patients without pancreato-biliary disease with 4630 CTs were selected for the control group. Results: Two pancreas shapes were detected: localized constriction of the pancreatic parenchyma referred to as the K-shaped sign, and localized fatty changes. Twenty-four (58.5%) of 41 patients showed the K-shaped sign. The main pancreatic duct without dilatation was noted around the K-shaped sign in 9 of the 24 patients. Eight of 41 patients (19.5%) showed localized fatty changes. Nine of 41 patients (21.9%) showed no abnormality. In the control group, only seven of 4277 patients (0.16%) showed the K-shaped sign. Conclusions: The K-shaped sign including localized fatty changes is the earliest CT sign that presents with pancreatic abnormalities. The K-shaped sign does not indicate PDAC itself but may predict its future development.

Helmholtz energy of ice VII-X is determined in a pressure regime extending to 450 GPa at 300 K using local basis functions in the form of b splines. The new representation for the equation of state is embedded in a physics-based inverse theory framework of parameter estimation. Selected pressures as a function of volume from 14 prior experimental studies and two theoretical studies constrain the behavior of Helmholtz energy. Separately measured bulk moduli, not used to construct the representation, are accurately replicated below about 20 GPa and above 60 GPa. In the intermediate range of pressure, the experimentally determined moduli are larger and have greater scatter than values predicted using the Helmholtz representation. Although systematic experimental error in the experimental elastic moduli is possible and likely, the alternative hypothesis is a slow relaxation time associated with changes in proton mobility or the ice VII to X transition. A correlation is observed between anomalies in the pressure derivative of the predicted bulk modulus and previously suggested higher-order phase transitions. Improved determinations of elastic properties at high pressure would allow refinement of the current equation of state. More generally, the current method of data assimilation is broadly applicable to other materials in high-pressure studies.

A method for solving the turbulence equations embedded in the sigma ocean general ocean circulation model is proposed. Like the general circulation model, the turbulence equations are solved using the splitting method by physical processes. The turbulence equations are split into two main stages describing transport-diffusion and generation-dissipation processes. Parameterization of turbulence in the framework of equations allows, at the generation-dissipation stage, to use both numerical and analytical solutions and to ensure high efficiency of the algorithm. The results of large-scale ocean dynamics simulation taking into account the parameterization of vertical turbulent exchange are considered. Numerical experiments were carried out using k-omega turbulence model embedded to the Institute of Numerical Mathematics Ocean general circulation Model (INMOM). Both the circulation and turbulence models are solved using the splitting method with respect to physical processes. The coupled model is used to simulate the hydrophysical fields of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans for 1948--2009. The model has a horizontal resolution of 0.25 degree and 40 sigma-levels along the vertical. The sensitivity of the solution to the changes in mixing parameterization is studied. Experiments demonstrate that taking into account the climatic annual mean buoyancy frequency improves the reproduction of large-scale ocean characteristics. There is a positive effect of Prandtl number variations for reproducing the upper mixed layer depth. The experiments also demonstrate the computational effectiveness of the proposed approach in solving the turbulence equations.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) faces limitations in efficacy and significant side effects, aggravated by a recent global shortage. In this prospective clinical study, we report outcomes of sequential intravesical adminis-tration of gemcitabine and docetaxel (Gem/Doce) as the first-line treatment in BCG-naïve patients with high-risk NMIBC (HR NMIBC). From October 2019 until April 2022, we enrolled 52 patients and followed treatment protocol set by the University of Iowa. Follow-up assessments were con-ducted every 3 months. In this cohort, 25 (48.1%) patients were diagnosed with T1HG bladder cancer, 10 (19.2%) patients had carcinoma in situ (CIS), and 17 (32.7%) patients had a combination of CIS+T1HG. Median time to first recurrence in T1HG, CIS and T1HG+CIS groups was 11, 10.5 and 8.8 months, respectively. The recurrence-free survival was 98.1%, 94.2% and 80.8% at 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. The rate of progression-free survival was 100%, 98.1% and 92.3% at 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. We demonstrated the safety and efficacy of Gem/Doce therapy in BCG-naïve patients with HR NMIBC during a one-year follow-up. Further research with extended follow-up, as well as direct comparison of Gem/Doce and other anticancer agents, are essential.

An investigation studied the impact of various solid waste types on Helianthus plant growth, encompassing both Helianthus annuus and Helianthus giant. Common sunflowers (Helianthus) were cultivated to assess the influence of soil substrates with differing compositions and solid waste concentrations on plant growth and morphology. Materials included fireplace ash, oil burner dust, forge dust, land of Milos (pozzolan), and land of Milos mixed with olive core. The aim was to determine if Helianthus could remediate soil contaminated by these wastes. Results re-vealed plant growth relied on substrate quality and quantity. High concentrations of fireplace ash and oil burner dust were detrimental, while forge dust, land of Milos, and olive core combinations supported satisfactory growth and improved resistance. Generally, Helianthus annuus outper-formed Helianthus giant. These findings highlight Helianthus' potential for soil restoration and decontamination under specific substrate conditions concerning solid waste type and concentration.

In this paper, the problem of autonomous optimal absolute orbit keeping for a satellite mission in Low Earth Orbit using electric propulsion is considered. The main peculiarity of the approach is to support small satellite missions in which the platform is equipped with a single thruster nozzle which provides acceleration on a single direction at a time. This constraint implies that an attitude maneuver is necessary before or during each thrusting arc to direct the nozzle into the desired direction. In this context, an attitude guidance algorithm specific for the orbit maneuver has been developed. A Model Predictive Control scheme is proposed, where the attitude kinematics are coupled with the orbital dynamics in order to obtain the optimal guidance profiles in terms of satellite state, reference attitude, and thrust magnitude. The proposed control scheme is developed exploiting Formation Flying techniques where the reference orbit is that of a virtual spacecraft that the main satellite is required to rendezvous with. In addition to the controller design, the closed loop configuration is presented supported by numerical simulations. The efficacy of the proposed autonomous orbit keeping approach is shown in several application scenarios.

In this work modeling and analysis of an integrated opto-fluidic sensor, with a focus on achievement of single mode optical confinement and continuous flow of micro particles in the microfluidic channel for Lab-on-a Chip (LOC) sensing application is presented. This sensor consists of integrated optical waveguides, microfluidic channel among other integrated optical components. A continuous flow of micro particles in a narrow fluidic channel is achieved by maintaining the two sealed chambers at different temperatures and by maintaining a constant pressure of 1Pa at the centroid of narrow fluidic channel geometry. The analysis of silicon on insulator (SOI) integrated optical waveguide at an infrared wavelength of 1550nm for single mode sensing operation is presented. The optical loss is found to be 0.0005719dB/cm with an effective index of 2.2963. The model presented in this work can be effectively used to detect the nature of micro particles and continuous monitoring of pathological parameters for sensing applications.

In this note, we demonstrate the quantum no-hiding theorem of Braunstein and Pati [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 080502 (2007)] using the IBM 5Q quantum processor. We also analyze the circuit using the ZX calculus of Coecke and Duncan [New J Phys. 13(4), 043016 (2011)], which provides a pictorial/category-theoretic demonstration of the no-hiding theorem.

In principle, weak sustainability, WS, requires that inclusive wealth, IW, be non-decreasing. WS provides a more complete account of the sustainability of a geographical entity (e.g., the world, a nation, or a sub-national region) than sustainability indicators, SIs, on one hand, and conventional economic accounts (e.g., gross domestic product, GDP) on the other. We briefly summarize WS theory, noting that it was developed, implicitly, for a geographical space without internal boundaries. Empirical WS assessment was developed by international bodies (the World Bank and the UN Environmental Program) to shine light upon national governments that might be maintaining the current welfare of their citizens, but investing insufficiently in national assets to maintain intertemporal wealth. In so doing, the need arose to address a suite of issues stemming from national boundaries that may limit the mobility of people, resources, goods and services. WS assessment at sub-national levels (states and counties, in the case of the US) has similar motivations – to provide more complete accountability for regional officials who may be maintaining welfare by consuming assets – but the implications of cross-boundary flows are much greater given the porosity of regional boundaries. WS scholars and practitioners have arrived at a consensus that the appropriate criterion for WS status is IW/capita, i.e. the welfare of people should be sustained. Regional economists and economic geographers tend to associate regional success with population growth, which may increase total IW at some cost to individual welfare. We consider this issue in some depth – what is at issue, and how any conflict might be resolved – ultimately concluding that IW/capita is the appropriate criterion for WS assessment, while leaving broader questions of population ethics unresolved. We summarize recent research [1] that starts with the Arrow et al framework [2] and improves methods of assessing IW, especially its health capital component, and assesses IW/capita for all states and counties in the US. These improved methods reveal substantially more not-WS states and counties than the Arrow et al framework [2]. The not-WS counties exhibit a distinct rural bias, consistent with the hypotheses and empirical findings of regional scientists. Our work demonstrates that regional WS assessment is feasible, produces results that are consistent with prior expectations based on reasoning and empirical research, and has the potential to provide fresh insights into longstanding questions of regional development.

Education and heritage are fundamental to achieving sustainable development goals. Integrating heritage into education is crucial for cultivating children's connection to heritage and promoting sustainable development. However, the lack of a scientific framework to guide educational goals across age groups results in unclear integration. This study aims to develop a framework for cultural identity enlightenment within heritage education by conducting literature research and validating it through field observations in kindergartens. It identifies cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, outlining the developmental trajectory of these goals. This framework illustrates how children's understanding progresses from direct experiences to deeper appreciation and creative involvement. It provides teachers with a tool to set goals that empower children as agents, fostering the emergence of cultural awareness and identity. This approach not only enhances cultural identity but also supports sustainable development by advancing the transmission and innovation of cultural heritage.

Tobacco smoke is an environmental mixture including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and may interfere in endocrine system as an EDC in aging. Thus, we performed a molecular epidemiological approach with in-depth biological monitoring of combustible cigarette smoking among adolescents and adults in South Korea (N=620) with exposure biomarkers, i.e., exhaled CO, urinary cotinine, t,t-muconic acid (TTMA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and obtained information of their lifestyle and tobacco addiction status. We also diagnosed the genetic polymorphisms on the 96 SNPs for tobacco-metabolism, -addiction, and expression differences and compared mtDNA abnormalities in buccal and blood cells. As results, there were positive associations among the above tobacco exposure biomarkers. Man or youth smokers showed high frequency in some of mtDNA alteration, such as ‘SNPs for inconsistent bases between buccal and blood cells’. Among the SNPs, the polymorphisms on SULT1A1, DRD2, and ADH1B were related to multi-exposure biomarkers. Interestingly, youth showed similar levels of urinary TTMA and MDA to adults, although their pack-year was approx. 1/6 volume of that of adults. We also observed the negative association between urinary MDA levels and the growth rate in the adolescents (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present biological monitoring provides high susceptible population, i.e., adolescents rather than adults, and reliable genetic factors affecting tobacco exposure. The inferred environment-gene-gene interaction suggests tobacco smoking accelerats aging in adolescents as an EDC.

As a dominant mangrove species, Kandelia obovata is distributed in an intertidal marsh with an active H₂S release. Whether H₂S participates in the salt tolerance of mangrove plant is still ambiguous although increasing evidence have demonstrated that H₂S functions in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, as an H₂S donor, NaHS was used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of H₂S on salt tolerance of K. obovata seedlings using a combined physiological and proteomic analysis. The results showed that the reduction in photosynthesis (Pn) caused by 400 mM NaCl was recovered by the addition of NaHS (200 μM). Furthermore, the application of H₂S enhanced the quantum efficiency of PSII and the membrane lipid stability, implying that H₂S is beneficial to the survival of K. obovata seedlings under high salinity. We further identified 37 differentially expressed proteins by proteomic approaches under salinity and NaHS treatment. Among them, the proteins related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism, stress response and hormone biosynthesis were primarily enriched. The physiological and proteomic results highlighted that exogenous H₂S up-regulated photosynthesis and energy metabolism to help K. obovata to cope with high salinity. Specifically, H₂S increased photosynthetic electron transfer, chlorophyll biosynthesis and carbon fixation in K. obovata leaves under salt stress. Furthermore, the abundances of other proteins related to metabolic pathway, such as antioxidation (APX, CSD2, PDX1), protein synthesis (HSP, Cpn 20), nitrogen metabolism (GS2, GS1:1), glycolysis (PGK, TPI), AsA-GSH cycle were increased by H₂S under high salinity. These findings provide new insights into the roles of H₂S in the adaptations of mangrove plant K. obovata to high salinity environment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of L-arginine (L-Arg) into Ross broiler eggs at different embryonic developmental stages on their survival, hatchability, and body weight (BW). Additionally, we have analyzed the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), protein expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), also we have the determined micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormality (NA). Results showed that survival and hatching rates as well as body weight were increased on the 14th day incubation compared to 8th and 18th day incubation at lower concentration of L-Arg. Moreover, the levels of SGOT and SGPT were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased at 14th day incubation at the same concentration (100μg/μl/egg) of injection. In addition, IgM levels were increased on the 14th day incubation compared to other days. The protein expressions of HSP-47, HSP-60, and HSP-70 in the liver were significantly down-regulated whereas the expression of myogenin and MyoD were significantly up-regulated on the 14th day after incubation in treated with all different doses such as 100μg, 1000μg and 2500μg/μl/egg namely 3T1, 3T2 and 3T3 respectively. However, the treatment with low dose of L-Arg down-regulated expression levels of those proteins on the 14th day incubation. Histopathology of liver by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) straining showed that the majority of liver damage, specifically intracytoplasmic vacuoles, were observed in 3T1, 3T2, and 3T3. The minimum dose of 100 μg/ml/egg on the 14th day of incubation significantly prevented intracytoplasmic vacuole damages. These results demonstrate that in ovo administration of L-Arg at (100μg/μl/egg) may be an effective method to increase chick BW, hatch rate, increasing muscle growth related proteins and promote the immune response through increasing IgM on the 14th day of incubation period.

Using Drone Cells to optimize Radio Access Networks is an exemplary way to enhance the capabilities of terrestrial Radio Access Networks. Drones fitted with communication and relay modules can act as Drone Cells. The multi Drone Cell placement problem is solved using an adapted Dispersive Flies Optimization alongside with other meta-heuristic algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution. A home-brewed simulator has been used to test the effectiveness of the different implemented algorithms. Specific environment respective parameter tuning have been explored to better highlight possible advantages of one algorithm over other in any particular environment. Algorithmic diversity has been explored, leading to several modifications and improvements in the implemented models. The results show that using tuned parameters there is a performance uplift in coverage probability when compared to the default meta-heuristic parameters while still remaining within the constraints implied by the problem’s requirements and resource limitation. The paper concludes by offering a study between multiple meta-heuristic approaches and comparison between the methods, investigating the impact of parameter-tuning as well as analyzing the impact of intermittent restart for algorithms persistent diversity.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin associated with fibrosis and inflammation, and increased circulating concentrations are considered a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of Gal-3 in dogs with cardiac disease, both with and without AF. Dogs with AF associated with congenital and acquired heart diseases were selected, while clinically healthy dogs and dogs with heart diseases but without AF served as controls. We statistically compared the serum concentration of Gal-3, assessed using a commercial canine-specific ELISA kit, among healthy dogs and dogs with heart disease with and without AF. Additionally, associations between Gal-3 and clinical and echocardiographic variables were evaluated. A total of 80 dogs were included, of which 17/80 (21.2%) were clinically healthy and 63/80 (78.8%) had heart disease, with 30/63 (47.6%) having AF. No significant difference in Gal-3 concentration was found between healthy dogs (3.90 ± 0.38 ng/mL) and dogs with heart disease, either with or without AF (3.45 ± 0.28 ng/mL, P=0.226 and 4.46 ± 0.27 ng/mL, P=0.286, respectively). Gal-3 showed a significant positive correlation with age (r=0.46, P &lt; 0.001). The results of this study suggest that Gal-3 does not have predictive value for the development of AF in dogs, but it is associated with advanced age.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is actually considered a public health priority according to the increasing number of patients affected by this condition: this casuistry is not only related to specific glomerular, tubular or autoimmune diseases or a consequence of acute kidney injury (AKI) episodes leading to organ failure, but it is tied to the progression of life expectancy and the impact of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. CKD and its comorbidities promote low grade inflammatory status with an impact on patients’ clinical conditions, reducing their possibility for kidney transplantation or graft survival and their survival when receiving renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). CKD is often referred to as an ageing accelerator: innate immune system dysregulation, in the uraemic proinflammatory milieu, is involved in this accelerated senescence phenomena and pentraxins, particularly Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), are of particular interest in the development of kidney disease. A complete understanding of the mechanism of CKD progression, innate immune system involvement and a proper definition of PTX-3 role in kidney disease, could redefine the approach for diagnosis and a more centered patients’ management to slow down CKD progression over time and reduce its clinical and social impact.

Let $\mathcal{N}$ be an arbitrary class of matroids, closed under isomorphism. For $k$ a positive integer, we say that $M \in \mathcal{N}$ is \emph{$k$-minor-irreducible} if $M$ has no minor $N \in \mathcal{N}$ such that $1\leq\left|E\left(M\right)\right|-\left|E\left(N\right)\right|\leq k $. Tutte's Wheels and Whirls Theorem establish that, up to isomorphism, there are only two families of 1-minor-irreducible matroids in the class of 3-connected matroids. More recently, Lemos classified the 3-minor-irreducibles with at least 14 elements in the class of triangle-free 3-connected matroids. Here we prove a local characterization for the 2-minor-irreducible matroids with at least 11 elements in the class of triangle-free 3-connected matroids. This local characterization is used to establish two new families of 2-minor-irreducible matroids in this class.

Image fusion is a useful tool for producing a high-resolution multispectral image to be used for land use and land cover mapping. In this study, we use nine pansharpening algorithms namely Color Normalized (CN), Gram-Schmidt (GS), Hyperspherical Color Space (HCS), High Pass Filter (HPF), Nearest-Neighbor Diffusion (NND), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Resolution Merge (RM), Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT), and Wavelet Resolution Merge (WRM) to fusion Worldview-3 multispectral Bands and panchromatic band. In spectral and spatial fidelity, several image quality metrics are used to evaluate the performance of pansharpening algorithms. The SWT and PCA algorithms showed better results compared to other pansharpening algorithms while GS and CN algorithms showed the worst results for the original image fusion. The effect of fusion on each band was separately investigated and according to the calculations, we found that the CoastalBlue band and the Blue band showed the best result and the NIR-1 band and NIR-2 band show the worst result for the original image fusion. In the end, we conclude that the choice of fusion method depends on the requirement of remote sensing application.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy complication. It is associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality rates and intrauterine foetal growth restriction. This condition is characterised by high blood pressure and urinary protein levels. Apelin and galectin-3 (Gal- 3) are peptides involved in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis, inflammation and cardiovascular functions. This study aimed to determine the correlations amongst serum apelin and Gal-3 levels and insulin resistance (IR) in women with PE. Sixty patients with PE and 30 healthy controls participated in this study. The PE group had significantly lower apelin levels (p < 0.01) and higher Gal-3 levels (p < 0.05) than the control group. The PE group had higher serum glucose levels and β-cell functions than the control group. Moreover, patients with PE exhibited dyslipidaemia. Correlation analysis indicated that apelin and Gal-3 levels were not significantly correlated. Moreover, no correlation existed between the apelin levels and any measured parameters of the PE group. In conclusion, the elevations in serum Gal-3 levels with increments in IR-related parameters and lipid profiles reflect the possible contribution of Gal-3 to the harmful effects of IR and dyslipidemia levels on women with PE.

Lung nodule segmentation in CT images and its subsequent volume analysis can help determinethe malignancy status of a lung nodule. While several efficient segmentation schemes have beenproposed, only a few studies evaluated the segmentation’s performance for large nodules. In thisresearch, we contribute a semi-automatic system which is capable of performing robust 3-D segmen-tations on both small and large nodules with good accuracy. The target CT volume is de-noisedwith an anisotropic diffusion filter and a region of interest is selected around the target nodule ona reference slice. The proposed model performs nodule segmentation by incorporating a mean in-tensity based threshold in Geodesic Active Contour model in level sets. We also devise an adaptivetechnique using image intensity histogram to estimate the desired mean intensity of the nodule.The proposed system is validated on both lung nodules and phantoms collected from publicly avail-able diverse databases. Quantitative and visual comparative analysis of the proposed work withthe Chan-Vese algorithm and statistic active contour model of 3D Slicer platform is also presented.The resulting mean spatial overlap between segmented nodules and reference nodules is 0.855, themean volume bias is 0.10±0.2 ml and the algorithm repeatability is 0.060 ml. The achieved resultssuggest that the proposed method can be used for volume estimations of small as well as large-sizednodules.

Vilsmeier–Haack reaction of (E)-1-(1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethylidene)-2-phenylhydrazine (1) using dimethyl formamide in excess of phosphorous oxychloride by conventional method, resulted in the synthesis of title compound 3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4- carbaldehyde (2) in good yield and high purity. Structure characterization of the novel title compound was done by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectral analysis.

This paper presents a new optical, multi-functional, high-resolution 3-axis sensor which serves to navigate and can, for example, replace standard joysticks in medical devices such as electric wheelchairs, surgical robots or medical diagnosis devices. A light source, e.g. a laser diode is affixed to a movable axis and projects a random geometric shape on an image sensor (CMOS or CCD). The software in the downstream microcontroller identifies the geometric shape’s center, distortion and size, then calculates X, Y, and Z coordinates. These coordinates can then be processed in attached devices. The 3-axis sensor is characterized by its very high resolution, precise reproducibility and plausibility of the coordinates produced. In addition, optical processing of the signal provides a high level of safety against electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. The sensor presented here is adaptive and can be adjusted to fit a user’s range of motion (stroke and force). This recommendation aims to optimize sensor systems such as joysticks in medical devices in terms of safety, ease of use, and adaptability.

We show that one of the two important uncertainty principles derived by Maccone and Pati \textit{[Phys. Rev. Lett., 2014]} can be derived for arbitrary maps defined on subsets of $\mathcal{L}^p$ spaces for $1< p<\infty$. Our main tool is the Clarkson inequalities. We also derive a nonlinear uncertainty principle for weak parallelogram spaces and Type-p Banach spaces.

Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a Banach space. Let $\{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n, \{\omega_k\}_{k=1}^m\subseteq \mathcal{X}$ and $\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n$, $\{g_k\}_{k=1}^m\subseteq \mathcal{X}^*$ satisfy $ |f_j(\tau_j)|\geq 1$ for all $ 1\leq j \leq n$, $|g_k(\omega_k)|\geq 1 $ for all $1\leq k \leq m$. If $x \in \mathcal{X}\setminus \{0\}$ is such that $x=\theta_\tau\theta_f x=\theta_\omega\theta_g x$, then we show that \begin{align}\label{FKDB} \|\theta_fx\|_0\|\theta_gx\|_0\geq \frac{\bigg[1-(\|\theta_fx\|_0-1)\max\limits_{1\leq j,r \leq n,j\neq r}|f_j(\tau_r)|\bigg]^+\bigg[1-(\|\theta_g x\|_0-1)\max\limits_{1\leq k,s \leq m,k\neq s}|g_k(\omega_s)|\bigg]^+}{\left(\displaystyle\max_{1\leq j \leq n, 1\leq k \leq m}|f_j(\omega_k)|\right)\left(\displaystyle\max_{1\leq j \leq n, 1\leq k \leq m}|g_k(\tau_j)|\right)}. \end{align} We call Inequality (\ref{FKDB}) as \textbf{Functional Kuppinger-Durisi-B\"{o}lcskei Uncertainty Principle}. Inequality (\ref{FKDB}) improves the uncertainty principle obtained by Kuppinger, Durisi and B\"{o}lcskei \textit{[IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory (2012)]} (which improved the Donoho-Stark-Elad-Bruckstein uncertainty principle \textit{[SIAM J. Appl. Math. (1989), IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory (2002)]}). We also derive functional form of the uncertainity principle obtained by Studer, Kuppinger, Pope and B\"{o}lcskei \textit{[EEE Trans. Inform. Theory, (2012)]}.

In this paper we provide some important and significant observations on invo-regular rings appeared in Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sect. A Mathematica (2018). In addition we exhibit that strongly invo-regular rings, invo-regular rings and quasi invo-regular rings all coincide with the well known and well characterized tripotent rings and all these rings further coincide with the well known unit regular rings.

In this note we consolidate and give a brief description of several recently published results in ring theory having disproof. These results have been published during 2016 to 2021 in the so called non-predatory reputed mathematical journals indexed in the well known database like Scopus. We have considered results on rings in which each element is a sum of two idempotents appeared in Canad. Math. Bull. (2016), weakly tripotent rings appeared in Bull. Korean Math. Soc. (2018) and Rendiconti Sem. Mat. Univ. Pol. Torino (2021), involution t-clean rings appeared in Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math (2022) and strongly 2-nil clean rings with units of order two appeared in Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math (2023).

The new class of mRNA vaccines is studied extensively, leading to many novel prospects based on the pivotal success of vaccines against the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Many novel mechanisms of immune response discovered have led to the possibility of mutation-resistant vaccines by combining multiple conserved epitopes as antigens to manipulate the T-cell and B-cell responses; these antigens can also come from different organisms, providing protection against numerous diseases and of most tremendous significance is the utility of mRNA vaccines in preventing and treating more than 100 autoimmune disorders. This is a significant humanitarian breakthrough given the ease and faster and low cost of mRNA vaccines, being a chemical entity. This paper provides a prospective analysis of mRNA vaccines with much broader applications than anticipated when these vaccines entered treating SARS-Cov-2 infections.

In this article some important observations have been reported on recent works related to weakly tripotent rings and locally invo-regular rings. Our findings give additional results as well as correct some recent results on weakly tripotent rings and locally invo-regular rings appeared in Rendiconti Sem. Mat. Univ. Pol. Torino (2021) and Azerbaijan Journal of Mathematics (2021) respectively. In addition we exhibit that if the Jacobson radical J(A) of a ring is strongly involution t-clean then the characteristic of J(A) need not be four. This finding improves an important result appeared in Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math (2022).

Several mathematicians and physicists are working all over the globe to get a unified theory. However, most of them are discarding Einstein’s view at the very first step of their theories. This article provides a brief description about this. Also, on the basis of Koga’s theory we point out two reasons which might have caused Einstein’s failure to get a unified theory.

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, I thank you for suggesting to submit the manuscript with the title “Insulin resistance develops due to an imbalance in the synthesis of cyclic AMP and the natural cyclic AMP antagonist prostaglandylinositol cyclic phosphate (cyclic PIP)” to the Editorial Board of the MDPI journal Stresses, and I ask for consideration to publish it in the journal Stresses. It was previously submitted to the MDPI journal Int. J. Mol. Sci. (IJMS-195 6513), but it was found that 1) it would not fit within the scope of this special edition and 2) it would primarily deal with cyclic PIP and would have not enough literature citation on the topic insulin resistance. The present version of the manuscript is improved, but the content is the same. The goal of this review is not to write again a summary on nearly all reports on insulin resistance as this was done by Dr. Petersen and Dr. Shulman, whose review has 961 literature citations. The present manuscript compiles what is known on cyclic PIP in relation to insulin resistance and the reason of writing this manuscript was that the discovered facts on cyclic PIP synthesis allow to suggest how insulin resistance most likely starts. Hitherto, reports on insulin resistance did not come close to this question. I am convinced that the manuscript makes an essential contribution to the question what causes the development of insulin resistance, and I have to say that stress overload is one of the reasons. Unfortunately, I have to mention a topic, about which I do not like to talk. Years ago, research groups postulated with rigor that the mediator of insulin action would be a peptide and then they suggested various, extracellularly synthesized glycans as mediators. They caused confusions and a high degree of disbelief in the matter of mediators of insulin action. In my review on cyclic PIP in IUBMB Life from 2020, I wrote in the introduction that cyclic PIP should not be confused with these mediators. But I cannot write this in the introduction of every report. I am keeping fingers crossed so that the editor in charge will find fair and openminded reviewers. Last not least I confirm that neither the manuscript nor any part of its content is currently under consideration or published in another journal. Kind regards, Henrich Wasner, PhD, BioReg Biopharm, TiLab; University of Illinois at Chicago; 2242 West Harrison St., Ste. 201, Chicago, Il 60612; USA

Let $(\Omega, \mu)$, $(\Delta, \nu)$ be measure spaces. Let $(\{f_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega}, \{\tau_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega})$ and $(\{g_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta}, \{\omega_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta})$ be unbounded continuous 1-Schauder frames for a Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Then for every $x \in ( \mathcal{D}(\theta_f) \cap\mathcal{D}(\theta_g))\setminus\{0\}$, we show that \begin{align}\label{UB} \mu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_f x))\nu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_g x)) \geq \frac{1}{\left(\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega, \beta \in \Delta}|f_\alpha(\omega_\beta)|\right)\left(\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega , \beta \in \Delta}|g_\beta(\tau_\alpha)|\right)}. \end{align} where \begin{align*} &\theta_f:\mathcal{D}(\theta_f) \ni x \mapsto \theta_fx \in \mathcal{L}^1(\Omega, \mu); \quad \theta_fx: \Omega \ni \alpha \mapsto (\theta_fx) (\alpha):= f_\alpha (x) \in \mathbb{K},\\ &\theta_g: \mathcal{D}(\theta_g) \ni x \mapsto \theta_gx \in \mathcal{L}^1(\Delta, \nu); \quad \theta_gx: \Delta \ni \beta \mapsto (\theta_gx) (\beta):= g_\beta (x) \in \mathbb{K}. \end{align*} We call Inequality (\ref{UB}) as \textbf{Unbounded Donoho-Stark-Elad-Bruckstein-Ricaud-Torr\'{e}sani Uncertainty Principle}. Along with recent \textbf{Functional Continuous Uncertainty Principle} (derived in [arXiv:2308.00312v1 [math.FA], 1 August 2023]), Inequality (\ref{UB}) also improves Ricaud-Torr\'{e}sani uncertainty principle \textit{[IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 2013]}. In particular, it improves Elad-Bruckstein uncertainty principle \textit{[IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 2002]} and Donoho-Stark uncertainty principle \textit{[SIAM J. Appl. Math., 1989]}.

Let $(Omega, mu)$ be a measure space and $\{\tau_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega}$ be a normalized continuous Bessel family for a real Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. If the diagonal $\Delta \{(\alpha, \alpha):\alpha \in \Omega\}$ is measurable in the measure space $\Omega\times \Omega$, then we show that \begin{align}\label{CRBA} \sup _{\alpha, \beta \in \Omega, \alpha\neq \beta}\langle \tau_\alpha, \tau_\beta\rangle \geq \frac{-(\mu\times\mu)(\Delta)}{(\mu\times\mu)((\Omega\times\Omega)\setminus\Delta)}. \end{align} We call Inequality (1) as continuous Rankin bound. It improves 76 years old result of Rankin [Ann. of Math., 1947]. It also answers one of the questions asked by K. M. Krishna in the paper [Continuous Welch bounds with applications, Commun. Korean Math. Soc., 2023]. We also derive Banach space version of Inequality (1).

The notion of quantum-mechanics-free subsystem (QMFS) was introduced by Tsang and Caves in 2012. They showed that it is possible to design the dynamics of coupled quantum systems in such a way that one can construct a subsystem in which a given classical dynamics is realized, thus avoiding the measurement back-action of quantum mechanics. Although they mention that the Heisenberg picture equations of motion for QMFS was first proposed by Koopman in 1931 as a formulation of classical Hamiltonian dynamics in Hilbert space, in fact the connection between QMFS and Koopmann-von Neumann mechanics is deeper. Namely, quantum-mechanics-free subsystem is nothing but the realization of Sudarshan's perspective on the Koopman-von Neumann mechanics.

Let $(\Omega, \mu)$, $(\Delta, \nu)$ be measure spaces. Let $(\{f_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega}, \{\tau_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega})$ and $(\{g_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta}, \{\omega_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta})$ be continuous 1-Schauder frames for a Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Then for every $x \in \mathcal{X}\setminus\{0\}$, we show that \begin{align*} \mu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_f x)) \geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega, \beta \in \Delta}|f_\alpha(\omega_\beta)|}, \quad \nu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_g x))\geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega , \beta \in \Delta}|g_\beta(\tau_\alpha)|}. \end{align*} where \begin{align*} &\theta_f: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto \theta_fx \in \mathcal{L}^1(\Omega, \mu); \quad \theta_fx: \Omega \ni \alpha \mapsto (\theta_fx) (\alpha):= f_\alpha (x) \in \mathbb{K},\\ &\theta_g: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto \theta_gx \in \mathcal{L}^1(\Delta, \nu); \quad \theta_gx: \Delta \ni \beta \mapsto (\theta_gx) (\beta):= g_\beta (x) \in \mathbb{K}. \end{align*} This solves a problem asked by K. M. Krishna in the paper 'Functional Continuous Uncertainty Principle' \textit{[arXiv:2308.00312v1]}.

Gene or genome editing (GE) revises, removes, or replaces a mutated gene at the DNA level; it is a tool. Gene therapy (GT) offsets mutations by introducing a "normal" version of the gene into the body while the diseased gene remains in the genome; it is a medicine. So far, no in vivo GE product has been approved, as opposed to 22 GT products approved by the FDA. However, several are under development, and the FDA anticipates their fast entry, as evidenced by the FDA's actions of issuing GE-specific guidelines. The potential of GE in treating diseases far supersedes any other modality due to the recognized role of genes in most human diseases. While GT products add missing genes, GE tools can overcome many aberrations. However, GE presents many safety challenges, including off-target impact, delivery consistency, and long-term effects of gene-fixing. However, most of these concerns will be resolved once the FDA begins approving them, leading to hundreds of products capable of treating untreatable diseases.

Gene or genome editing (GE) revises, removes, or replaces a mutated gene at the DNA level; it is a tool. Gene therapy (GT) offsets mutations by introducing a "normal" version of the gene into the body while the diseased gene remains in the genome; it is a medicine. So far, no GE product has been approved, as opposed to 22 GT products that cost up to millions of dollars per dose. The FDA has recently added a guideline specific to gene editing that should be understood to enable faster development of GE products; at the same time, the FDA also needs to bring more clarification and make several amendments to this guideline to make it more rational.

Let $(\Omega, \mu)$, $(\Delta, \nu)$ be measure spaces and $\{\tau_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega}$, $\{\omega_\beta\}_{\beta \in \Delta}$ be 1-bounded continuous Parseval frames for a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. Then we show that \begin{align}\label{UE} \log (\mu(\Omega)\nu(\Delta))\geq S_\tau(h)+S_\omega (h)\geq -2 \log \left(\frac{1+\displaystyle \sup_{\alpha \in \Omega, \beta \in \Delta}|\langle\tau_\alpha , \omega_\beta\rangle|}{2}\right) , \quad \forall h \in \mathcal{H}_\tau \cap \mathcal{H}_\omega, \end{align} where \begin{align*} &\mathcal{H}_\tau := \{h_1 \in \mathcal{H}: \langle h_1 , \tau_\alpha \rangle \neq 0, \alpha \in \Omega\}, \quad \mathcal{H}_\omega := \{h_2 \in \mathcal{H}: \langle h_2, \omega_\beta \rangle \neq 0, \beta \in \Delta\},\\ &S_\tau(h):= -\displaystyle\int\limits_{\Omega}\left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, \tau_\alpha\right\rangle \right|^2\log \left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, \tau_\alpha\right\rangle \right|^2\,d\mu(\alpha), \quad \forall h \in \mathcal{H}_\tau, \\ & S_\omega (h):= -\displaystyle\int\limits_{\Delta}\left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, \omega_\beta\right\rangle \right|^2\log \left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, \omega_\beta\right\rangle \right|^2\,d\nu(\beta), \quad \forall h \in \mathcal{H}_\omega. \end{align*} We call Inequality (\ref{UE}) as \textbf{Continuous Deutsch Uncertainty Principle}. Inequality (\ref{UE}) improves the uncertainty principle obtained by Deutsch \textit{[Phys. Rev. Lett., 1983]}. We formulate Kraus conjecture for 1-bounded continuous Parseval frames. We also derive continuous Deutsch uncertainty principles for Banach spaces.

Let $(\Omega, \mu)$, $(\Delta, \nu)$ be measure spaces. Let $(\{f_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega}, \{\tau_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega})$ and $(\{g_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta}, \{\omega_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta})$ be continuous p-Schauder frames for a Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Then for every $x \in \mathcal{X}\setminus\{0\}$, we show that \begin{align}\label{CUE} \mu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_f x))^\frac{1}{p} \nu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_g x))^\frac{1}{q} \geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega, \beta \in \Delta}|f_\alpha(\omega_\beta)|}, \quad \nu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_g x))^\frac{1}{p} \mu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_f x))^\frac{1}{q}\geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega , \beta \in \Delta}|g_\beta(\tau_\alpha)|}. \end{align} where \begin{align*} &\theta_f: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto \theta_fx \in \mathcal{L}^p(\Omega, \mu); \quad \theta_fx: \Omega \ni \alpha \mapsto (\theta_fx) (\alpha):= f_\alpha (x) \in \mathbb{K},\\ &\theta_g: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto \theta_gx \in \mathcal{L}^p(\Delta, \nu); \quad \theta_gx: \Delta \ni \beta \mapsto (\theta_gx) (\beta):= g_\beta (x) \in \mathbb{K} \end{align*} and $q$ is the conjugate index of $p$. We call Inequality (\ref{CUE}) as \textbf{Functional Continuous Uncertainty Principle}. It improves the Functional Donoho-Stark-Elad-Bruckstein-Ricaud-Torr\'{e}sani Uncertainty Principle obtained by M. Krishna in \textit{[arXiv:2304.03324v1, 2023]}. It also answers a question asked by Prof. Philip B. Stark to the author.

Currently Single Board Computers (SBCs) are sufficiently powerful to run Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOSs) and applications with real-time attributes and requirements. SBCs serve as a foundation in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The NXP Semiconductors produces a series of SBCs based on ARM-processors for a variety of industrial applications. The continuous increase in real-time data generated by IoT devices adds further research issues about the efficiency of such systems and applications. The purpose of this research was to investigate the timing performance of an NXP TWR-K70F120M device with μClinux OS on running concurrently tasks with real-time features and constraints. A custom-built multithreaded application with specific compute-intensive sorting and matrix operations was developed and applied to obtain measurements in specific timing metrics, including task’s execution time, threads waiting time, and response time, under different threads variations. The performance of this device was additionally benchmarked and validated against favorite platforms, a Raspberry Pi4 and BeagleBone AI SBCs. The experimental results showed that this device stands well both in terms of timing and efficiency metrics. Execution times were quite lower than the others, by approximately 56% in the case of two threads, and by 29% in the case of thirty-two threads configurations.

A unified electro-gravity (UEG) theory, which has been successfully used for modeling an elementary particle, is applied in this paper to model gravitation in spiral galaxies. The new UEG model would explain the "flat rotation curves'' commonly observed in the spiral galaxies, without need for any hypothetical dark matter. The UEG theory is implemented in a somewhat different manner for a spiral galaxy, as compared to the simple application of the UEG theory to an elementary particle. This is because the spiral galaxy, unlike the elementary particle, is not spherically symmetric. The UEG constant $\gamma$, required in the new model to support the galaxies' flat rotation speeds, is estimated using measured data from a galaxy survey, as well as for a selected galaxy for illustration. The estimates are compared with the $\gamma$ derived from the UEG model of an elementary particle. The UEG model for the galaxy is shown to explain the empirical Tully-Fisher Relationship (TFR), is consistent with the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), and is also independently supported by measured trends of galaxy thickness with surface brightness and rotation speed. The UEG theory may similarly be extended to emulate the hypothetical dark matter in galaxy clusters as well as in cosmology.

Let $\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n$ and $\{g_k\}_{k=1}^m$ be Parseval p-frames for a finite dimensional Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Then we show that \begin{align}\label{UE} \log (nm)\geq S_f (x)+S_g (x)\geq -p \log \left(\displaystyle\sup_{y \in \mathcal{X}_f\cap \mathcal{X}_g, \|y\|=1}\left(\max_{1\leq j\leq n, 1\leq k\leq m}|f_j(y)g_k(y)|\right)\right), \quad \forall x \in \mathcal{X}_f\cap \mathcal{X}_g, \end{align} where \begin{align*} &\mathcal{X}_f\coloneqq \{z\in \mathcal{X}: f_j(z)\neq 0, 1\leq j \leq n\}, \quad \mathcal{X}_g\coloneqq \{w\in \mathcal{X}: g_k(w)\neq 0, 1\leq k \leq m\},\\ &S_f (x)\coloneqq -\sum_{j=1}^{n}\left|f_j\left(\frac{x}{\|x\|}\right)\right|^p\log \left|f_j\left(\frac{x}{\|x\|}\right)\right|^p, \quad S_g (x)\coloneqq -\sum_{k=1}^{m}\left|g_k\left(\frac{x}{\|x\|}\right)\right|^p\log \left|g_k\left(\frac{x}{\|x\|}\right)\right|^p, \quad \forall x \in \mathcal{X}_g. \end{align*} We call Inequality (1) as \textbf{Functional Deutsch Uncertainty Principle}. For Hilbert spaces, we show that Inequality (1) reduces to the uncertainty principle obtained by Deutsch \textit{[Phys. Rev. Lett., 1983]}. We also derive a dual of Inequality (1).

Let $(\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n, \{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n)$ and $(\{g_k\}_{k=1}^n, \{\omega_k\}_{k=1}^n)$ be two p-orthonormal bases for a finite dimensional Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. If $ x \in \mathcal{X}\setminus\{0\}$ is such that $\theta_fx$ is $\varepsilon$-supported on $M\subseteq \{1,\dots, n\}$ w.r.t. p-norm and $\theta_gx$ is $\delta$-supported on $N\subseteq \{1,\dots, n\}$ w.r.t. p-norm, then we show that \begin{align}\label{ME} &o(M)^\frac{1}{p}o(N)^\frac{1}{q}\geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle \max_{1\leq j,k\leq n}|f_j(\omega_k) |}\max \{1-\varepsilon-\delta, 0\},\\ &o(M)^\frac{1}{q}o(N)^\frac{1}{p}\geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle \max_{1\leq j,k\leq n}|g_k(\tau_j) |}\max \{1-\varepsilon-\delta, 0\},\label{ME2} \end{align} where \begin{align*} \theta_f: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto (f_j(x) )_{j=1}^n \in \ell^p([n]); \quad \theta_g: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto (g_k(x) )_{k=1}^n \in \ell^p([n]) \end{align*} and $q$ is the conjugate index of $p$. We call Inequalities (\ref{ME}) and (\ref{ME2}) as \textbf{Functional Donoho-Stark Approximate Support Uncertainty Principle}. Inequalities (\ref{ME}) and (\ref{ME2}) improve the finite approximate support uncertainty principle obtained by Donoho and Stark \textit{[SIAM J. Appl. Math., 1989]}.

Let $(\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n, \{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n)$ and $(\{g_k\}_{k=1}^n, \{\omega_k\}_{k=1}^n)$ be two p-orthonormal bases for a finite dimensional Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Let $M,N\subseteq \{1, \dots, n\}$ be such that \begin{align*} o(M)^\frac{1}{q}o(N)^\frac{1}{p}< \frac{1}{\displaystyle \max_{1\leq j,k\leq n}|g_k(\tau_j) |}, \end{align*} where $q$ is the conjugate index of $p$. Then for all $x \in \mathcal{X}$, we show that \begin{align}\label{FGJU} (1) \quad \quad \quad \quad \|x\|\leq \left(1+\frac{1}{1-o(M)^\frac{1}{q}o(N)^\frac{1}{p}\displaystyle\max_{1\leq j,k\leq n}|g_k(\tau_j)|}\right)\left[\left(\sum_{j\in M^c}|f_j(x)|^p\right)^\frac{1}{p}+\left(\sum_{k\in N^c}|g_k(x) |^p\right)^\frac{1}{p}\right]. \end{align} We call Inequality (1) as \textbf{Functional Ghobber-Jaming Uncertainty Principle}. Inequality (1) improves the uncertainty principle obtained by Ghobber and Jaming \textit{[Linear Algebra Appl., 2011]}.

The phenomena of electrical conductivity and electromigration in metallic systems are related, since in both cases the basic physical process is the scattering of conduction electrons by metal ions. Numerous searches have been made for equations connecting the conductivity with electromigration. In the case of a liquid metal, when using the Drude-Sommerfeld (DS) conduc-tivity equation, it was not possible to obtain a quantitative relationship between these phenomena, which would be correct. Attempts to find such a relationship when taking into ac-count the N. Mott correction (g - factor) in the DS equation were unsuccessful. This article proposes a different correction (b - factor) to the DS equation, which takes into account the pos-sibility of varying the momentum transferred by the conduction electron to a metal ion during the scattering. This correction allows to establish a quantitative relationship between conductivity and electromigration, as well as between electromigration in various binary systems with common components, in agreement with experiment. The proposed theory describes well, in particular, two- and multi-component metal systems of any concentration (the consistency rule for triangles A-B, B-C, C-A). The value of b - factor smoothly changes depending on the heat of vaporization of the metal, per unit volume.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition among postmenopausal women that can lead to severe liver dysfunction and increased mortality. In recent years, research has focused on identifying potential lifestyle dietary interventions that may prevent or treat NAFLD in this population. Due to the complex and multifactorial nature of NAFLD in postmenopausal women, the disease can present as different subtypes, with varying levels of clinical presentation, and variable treatment responses. By recognizing the significant heterogeneity of NAFLD in postmenopausal women, it may be possible to identify specific subsets of individuals who may benefit from targeted nutritional interventions. In this review, we sought to examine the current evidence supporting the role of three specific nutritional factors - choline, soy isoflavones, and probiotics – as potential nutritional adjuvants in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. There is promising evidence supporting the potential benefits of these nutritional factors for NAFLD prevention and treatment, particularly in postmenopausal women, and further research is warranted to confirm their effectiveness in alleviating hepatic steatosis in this population.

Article contents the analytical model of the drift of a separate ice field under action of wind and current, which velocities and directions can vary during time. Model takes into account the mass of ice, added mass of sea water and the effects of the wind and current on the ice field in form the friction on its upper and underwater surfaces and frontal resistance on its end (forward and backward) surfaces. Results of performed the steady wind drift of the ice fields modelling show the drift velocity exceeds considerable known velocity of a compact ice cover wind drift. Drifting ice field has the certain kinetic energy that should be released when collision with unmovable obstacle and spent on brittle breakdown of part of the ice field. Volume of formed small ice pieces (fragments of ice field) was estimated by comparison of the specific energy of the sea ice brittle destruction and the kinetic energy of drifting ice field. Article presents the results of estimation of possible volume of the ice pieces and the scales of formed piles as result of collision with an obstacle depending on initial dimensions of ice field and wind speed. Developed models and the results of computer modelling can be used to estimate the ice pile sizes near the stationary platforms and terminals on the Arctic seas.

The FDA has concluded that a biosimilar candidate capable of demonstrating pharmacodynamic biomarkers in a healthy subject need not be tested for clinical efficacy in patients, regardless of if the biomarker correlates with clinical response. Since monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) do not trig-ger pharmacodynamic response, they can be substituted with robust functional disqualifying them for this waiver that can be overcome by allowing comparison of functional properties that eventually result in clinical response. This suggestion is based on the FDA's preference for more sensitive testing methods. However, clinical efficacy testing in patients is the least sensitive method, as confirmed by statistical modeling, a fact that regulatory agencies need to admit. In this paper, I present a logical and rational argument to establish the biosimilarity of products that do not have pharmacodynamic biomarkers based on their orthogonally proven functional bio-similarity. This understanding will significantly lower the development cost of biosimilars, a goal that the FDA outlined in all its guidance. Keywords: biosimilarity 1; biosimilars 2; pharmacodynamic biomarkers 3; monoclonal antibodies 4; FDA 5; clinical efficacy testing in healthy subjects 6; clinical efficacy testing in patients 7; functional assays 8; receptor binding 9.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder in which tear fluid homeostasis is lost, resulting in increased tear film osmolarity and ocular surface irritation. In Asia, the short tear film breakup time type-DED is common, and stabilization of the tear film is the first goal of treatment. Treatment of DED begins with eye drops. Until now, artificial tears and steroid eye drops have been the main treatment for DED. However, artificial tears require frequent administration of eye drops and thus pose adherence problems, while steroids have problems with side effects (cataracts, increased intraocular pressure). This review evaluates the new generation of DED therapies in Asia based on what is known about them and demonstrates that they are more effective for DED than traditional therapies such as artificial tears and steroids. Based on these considerations, it is proposed that the optimal treatment for DED in Asia is the initial application of mucin secretion enhancing eye drops (long-acting diquafosol) and oral supplements, and if additional treatment is needed, cyclosporine eye drops and the adjunctive therapies presented in this review are added.

Reptilians or reptoids are staple characters of Hollywood cinema, science fiction literature, ufology and conspiracy theories. Despite its popularity, the reptoid has been dismissed by the scientific community as a figment of the imagination; born out of a speculation, paranoia and wanton anthropocentricism. In this paper, however, the Life Sequence Conjecture is advanced as a supportive framework for the notion of reptilian extraterrestrials. This paper is not an argument in support of the existence of extraterrestrials. Rather, it proposes that if extraterrestrials do exist, then a reptilian morphology is not untenable.

In the literature, frames generated by unitary representations of groups (known as group-frames) are studied only for Hilbert spaces. We make first study of frames for Banach spaces generated by isometric invertible representations of discrete groups on Banach spaces. These frames are characterized using left regular, right regular, Gram-matrices and group-matrices on classical sequence spaces. A sufficiently large collection of functional-vector pairs using the double commutant of the representation is identified which generate group-frames for Banach spaces. Subsequently, we study Schauder frames generated by time-frequency shift operators on finite dimensional Banach spaces. We derive Moyal formula, fundamental identity of Gabor analysis, Wexler-Raz criterion and Ron-Shen duality in functional form.

Let $(\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n, \{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n)$ and $(\{g_k\}_{k=1}^m, \{\omega_k\}_{k=1}^m)$ be p-Schauder frames for a finite dimensional Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Then for every $x \in \mathcal{X}\setminus\{0\}$, we show that \begin{align}\label{UE} \|\theta_f x\|_0^\frac{1}{p}\|\theta_g x\|_0^\frac{1}{q} \geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\max_{1\leq j\leq n, 1\leq k\leq m}|f_j(\omega_k)|}\quad \text{and} \quad \|\theta_g x\|_0^\frac{1}{p}\|\theta_f x\|_0^\frac{1}{q}\geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\max_{1\leq j\leq n, 1\leq k\leq m}|g_k(\tau_j)|}. \end{align} where \begin{align*} \theta_f: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto (f_j(x) )_{j=1}^n \in \ell^p([n]); \quad \theta_g: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto (g_k(x) )_{k=1}^m \in \ell^p([m]) \end{align*} and $q$ is the conjugate index of $p$. We call Inequality (\ref{UE}) as \textbf{Functional Donoho-Stark-Elad-Bruckstein-Ricaud-Torr\'{e}sani Uncertainty Principle}. Inequality (\ref{UE}) improves Ricaud-Torr\'{e}sani uncertainty principle \textit{[IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 2013]}. In particular, it improves Elad-Bruckstein uncertainty principle \textit{[IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 2002]} and Donoho-Stark uncertainty principle \textit{[SIAM J. Appl. Math., 1989]}.

We recently formulated Modular Dvoretzky, Type-Cotype, Khinchin-Kahane and Grothendieck Inequality problems in the Appendix of \textit{[arXiv:2302.03718v1]}. For the sake of wide accessibility we give a separate treatment of them.

Motivated from the theory of Hilbert-Schmidt morphisms between Hilbert C*-modules over commutative C*-algebras by Stern and van Suijlekom [J. Funct. Anal., 2021], we introduce the notion of p-absolutely summing morphisms between Hilbert C*-modules over commutative C*-algebras. We show that an adjointable morphism between Hilbert C*-modules over monotone closed commutative C*-algebra is 2-absolutely summing if and only if it is Hilbert-Schmidt. We formulate version of Pietsch factorization problem for p-absolutely summing morphisms and solve partially.

We are in amidst of COVID-19 pandemic. Since Dec 2019, severe acute respiratory corona virus (SAR-CoV-2) has infected more than half a billion people killing nearly 7 million people worldwide. Now the BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2 is causing mayhem and driving the global surge. Epidemiologist are aware of the fact that this virus is capable of escaping immunity and likely to infect the same person multiple times despite adequate vaccination status. Elderly people of age more than 60 years and those with underlying health conditions are considered as high-risk who are likely to suffer complications and death. While it is tempting to frame complications and mortality from COVID-19 as a simple matter of too much of a virulent virus in too weak of a host, much more is at play here. Framing the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in the context of the Chrousos and Gold model of the central stress response system can shed insight into its complex pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms by which pharmacologic modulation of the central stress response system via administration of clonidine and/or dexamethasone may offer an explanation as to why a viral pathogen can be well tolerated and cleared by one host while inflaming and killing another.

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are caused by malignant clonal proliferation of skin-tropic T cells. Most patients have an indolent disease course managed with skin-directed therapies, while some entities, or in advanced stages of disease, have aggressive progression and poor survival. To efficiently treat CTCL consistent entity markers are needed to prevent the delay in diagnosis and to provide disease specific treatment to patients. Recently, the introduction of high throughput parallel sequencing methods resulted in identification of numerous genetic and ep-igenetic alterations affecting the transcriptome of CTCL cells. In this review, most relevant genes, including TOX, CADM1, PLS3, DNM3, CXCL13, PD-1, BCL11B and TMEM244 are reported that are specifically expressed in CTCL. Upon verification their specificity and sensitivity in larger studies, their altered expression will be able to be recognized as novel biomarkers, that can im-prove the early diagnosis of CTCL.

We solve the And\^{o} dilation problem for linear maps on vector space asked by Krishna and Johnson in \textit{[Oper. Matrices, 2022]}. More precisely, we show that any commuting linear maps on vector space can be dilated to commuting injective linear maps.

Dilation of contractions on Hilbert space and Banach space is classical. Recently, dilations theory has been put in the setting of sets, vector spaces, p-adic Hilbert spaces and modules. In this paper, we derive important dilation results for self-adjoint morphisms on indefinite inner product modules over *-rings of characteristic 2. More precisely, we prove indefinite inner product versions of Halmos dilation, Egervary N-dilation and Sz.-Nagy dilation.

We introduce the notion of p-adic magic contraction on p-adic Hilbert space. We derive p-adic Halmos dilation, p-adic Egervary N-dilation, p-adic von Neumann inequality and p-adic Sz.-Nagy dilation for p-adic magic contraction.

We prove the continuous non-Archimedean (resp. p-adic) Banach space and Hilbert space versions of non-Archimedean (resp. p-adic) Welch bounds proved by M. Krishna. We formulate continuous non-Archimedean and p-adic functional Zauner conjectures.

We prove the non-Archimedean (resp. p-adic) Banach space version of non-Archimedean (resp. p-adic) Welch bounds recently obtained by M. Krishna. More precisely, we prove following results. \begin{enumerate}[\upshape(i)] \item Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a non-Archimedean (complete) valued field satisfying $\left|\sum_{j=1}^{n}\lambda_j^2\right|=\max_{1\leq j \leq n}|\lambda_j|^2$ for all $ \lambda_j \in \mathbb{K}, 1\leq j \leq n$, for all $n \in \mathbb{N}.$ Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a $d$-dimensional non-Archimedean Banach space over $\mathbb{K}$. If $\{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n$ is any collection in $\mathcal{X}$ and $\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n$ is any collection in $\mathcal{X}^*$ (dual of $\mathcal{X}$) satisfying $f_j(\tau_j) =1$ for all $1\leq j \leq n$ and the operator $S_{f, \tau} : \text{Sym}^m(\mathcal{X})\ni x \mapsto \sum_{j=1}^nf_j^{\otimes m}(x)\tau_j^{\otimes m} \in \text{Sym}^m(\mathcal{X})$, is diagonalizable, then \begin{align}\label{NONFUNCTIONALWELCH} \max_{1\leq j,k \leq n, j \neq k}\{|n|, |f_j(\tau_k)f_k(\tau_j)|^{m} \}\geq \frac{|n|^2}{\left|{d+m-1 \choose m}\right| }. \end{align} We call Inequality (\ref{NONFUNCTIONALWELCH}) as non-Archimedean functional Welch bounds. \item For a prime $p$, let $\mathbb{Q}_p$ be the p-adic number field. Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a $d$-dimensional p-adic Banach space over $\mathbb{Q}_p$. If $\{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n$ is any collection in $\mathcal{X}$ and $\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n$ is any collection in $\mathcal{X}^*$ (dual of $\mathcal{X}$) satisfying $f_j(\tau_j) =1$ for all $1\leq j \leq n$ and there exists $b \in \mathbb{Q}_p$ such that $ \sum_{j=1}^{n}f_j^{\otimes m}(x) \tau_j^{\otimes m} =bx$ for all $ x \in \text{Sym}^m(\mathcal{X}),$ then \begin{align}\label{PADICFUNCTIONALWELCH} \max_{1\leq j,k \leq n, j \neq k}\{|n|, |f_j(\tau_k)f_k(\tau_j)|^{m} \}\geq \frac{|n|^2}{\left|{d+m-1 \choose m}\right| }. \end{align} We call Inequality (\ref{PADICFUNCTIONALWELCH}) as p-adic functional Welch bounds. \end{enumerate} We formulate non-Archimedean functional and p-adic functional Zauner conjectures.

Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a non-Archimedean (complete) valued field satisfying \begin{align*} \left|\sum_{j=1}^{n}\lambda_j^2\right|=\max_{1\leq j \leq n}|\lambda_j|^2, \quad \forall \lambda_j \in \mathbb{K}, 1\leq j \leq n, \forall n \in \mathbb{N}. \end{align*} For $d\in \mathbb{N}$, let $\mathbb{K}^d$ be the standard $d$-dimensional non-Archimedean Hilbert space. Let $m \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\text{Sym}^m(\mathbb{K}^d)$ be the non-Archimedean Hilbert space of symmetric m-tensors. We prove the following result. If $\{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n$ is a collection in $\mathbb{K}^d$ satisfying $\langle \tau_j, \tau_j\rangle =1$ for all $1\leq j \leq n$ and the operator $\text{Sym}^m(\mathbb{K}^d)\ni x \mapsto \sum_{j=1}^n\langle x, \tau_j^{\otimes m}\rangle \tau_j^{\otimes m} \in \text{Sym}^m(\mathbb{K}^d)$ is diagonalizable, then \begin{align}\label{WELCHNONABSTRACT} \max_{1\leq j,k \leq n, j \neq k}\{|n|, |\langle \tau_j, \tau_k\rangle|^{2m} \}\geq \frac{|n|^2}{\left|{d+m-1 \choose m}\right| }. \end{align} We call Inequality (\ref{WELCHNONABSTRACT}) as the non-Archimedean version of Welch bounds obtained by Welch [\textit{IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1974}]. We formulate non-Archimedean Zauner conjecture.

Scientific, technical and bioinformatics advances have made it possible to establish analytics-based molecular biosimilarity for the approval of biosimilars. If the molecular structure and other product- and process-related attributes are comparable within the limits of testing then a biosimilar candidate would have safe safety and efficacy as its reference products. The current model of animal and human testing becomes redundant since all of these studies have much lower sensitivity and reproducibility in confirming biosimilarity. The recent AI-based protein structure prediction model has confirmed that the 3D structure can be predicted from the amino acid sequence, reducing the need for structural analysis; however, the new test methods based on MS are millions of times more sensitive and accurate. While the regulatory agencies have begun waiving animal testing and, in some cases, clinical efficacy testing, removing clinical pharmacology profiling brings a dramatic paradigm shift, reducing development costs without compromising safety and efficacy. Also shared is a list of 160+ products ready to enter as biosimilars. Major actions from regulatory agencies and developers are required to make this paradigm shift.